Perionyx excavatus farm

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of Pheretima cultivation field, belong to earthworm breeding technical field.For the problem that pathogenic microorganism cross contamination caused by mixed function area of traditional cultivation field and earthworm suffocation death caused by poor drainage.The cultivation field layout is specifically as follows: raw material pretreatment and storage area equipped with fermentation tank are set in the entrance of site upwind direction;Core cultivation production area is arranged in the center of site, and it is divided into earthworm breeding area, breeding area and fattening area according to breeding stage, mechanical channel is arranged between areas, and ridge type structure is used;Annular drainage ditch is arranged along the boundary of site, and ridge ditch is connected with slope;Finished product processing and storage area containing airing field are set in the downwind direction of site exit;Isolation belt is arranged peripherally, management and auxiliary area containing tool room are set in the entrance, and manure treatment area containing sedimentation tank is set in the downwind direction;Hardened main road connects each functional area, and branch road connects breeding plot.The scheme realizes pollution source isolation and efficient drainage, and is mainly used to improve earthworm survival rate and breeding benefit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of earthworm farming technology, specifically relating to a breeding farm for *Pheretima asiatica*. Background Technology

[0002] In large-scale earthworm farming, deficiencies in site layout have long hampered production efficiency. Traditional farms do not strictly separate raw material processing areas from breeding and production areas; livestock manure and straw supplements are often piled up in the open near the breeding ridges. Leachate from the fermentation process flows with rainwater, and pathogens are carried into the earthworm breeding area by workers' shoes or tools, causing contamination of the earthworms' bodies. The live earthworm harvesting area is too close to the raw material area without physical isolation, making the finished earthworms susceptible to contamination and reducing their commercial value. The material transfer path is chaotically designed; raw material transport vehicles must cross the core breeding area, while harvesting equipment must detour around the raw material storage area, extending the work route by approximately 40%, and resulting in workers walking more than 3 kilometers of ineffective distance per day.

[0003] An inadequate drainage system design further exacerbates production risks. In clay soil areas, the slope of the furrows for aquaculture is often less than 0.2%, preventing timely drainage of rainwater. Actual measurements show that when the water depth in the furrows exceeds 0.2 meters, deep-layer earthworms suffocate after just 6 hours. Within 3 days after a heavy rain, the earthworm escape rate reaches 20%-30%, and the mortality rate in deep-layer areas reaches 15%-25%. The lack of effective drainage channels at the boundaries allows localized water to seep into adjacent ridges, triggering a chain reaction of flooding. Controlling the micro-topographical slope during manual site leveling is difficult, with mechanical construction errors exceeding 0.1%. While deepening drainage ditches can accelerate drainage, it leads to excessive water loss from the ridges during the dry season, causing earthworm escape and creating a fundamental contradiction between drainage and moisture retention.

[0004] Improvement attempts face multiple obstacles. Setting up physical isolation zones requires 10%-15% of the production area, but rent for breeding sites accounts for more than 30% of the total cost; excessive isolation will weaken economic efficiency. The surge in drainage demand during heavy rains and the daily need for moisture retention are difficult to balance dynamically, lacking quantitative control criteria. Strict zoning requires additional isolation facilities, but feeding raw materials necessitates passing through isolation gates multiple times daily, significantly reducing operational efficiency. These shortcomings result in earthworm survival rates in large-scale farms consistently remaining below 70%, hindering the industry's sustainable development. Summary of the Invention

[0005] One object of the present invention is to solve at least the above-mentioned problems and to provide at least the advantages that will be described later.

[0006] This invention solves at least the following technical problems:

[0007] This solution addresses the issues of cross-contamination and low management efficiency caused by the mixed functional areas of livestock farms. In traditional layouts, raw material processing, breeding production, and finished product storage areas are not effectively isolated, allowing pathogens to spread through personnel and tools, and causing material transfer paths to intersect and prolong the work process. It also addresses the problem of high earthworm mortality rates caused by poor drainage, where insufficient furrow slope leads to water backflow, causing deep-layer earthworms to suffocate due to lack of oxygen.

[0008] This addresses the contradiction between downstream backflow of water in the ring-shaped drainage ditch and upstream backflow in the furrows when drainage pressure increases dramatically during heavy rains, as well as the technical conflict between forcibly accelerating drainage and preventing earthworms from drowning.

[0009] Traditional methods for addressing soil oxygen deficiency caused by long-term waterlogging in furrows cannot dynamically monitor the oxygen content inside the furrows and provide timely oxygenation, leading to earthworm suffocation and death.

[0010] To address the problem of sludge buildup clogging aeration holes during long-term operation of aeration systems, conventional single-layer aeration pipes have low backwashing efficiency, which affects oxygenation stability.

[0011] This addresses the problem of uneven vertical water distribution caused by differences in drainage and evaporation in ridge structures, where surface drought leads to earthworm escape and deep water accumulation causes suffocation.

[0012] This addresses the problem of inaccurate predictions of water migration rates due to differences in soil texture, which can lead to ineffective irrigation or ventilation control.

[0013] This addresses the problem of harmful gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide produced during fermentation in the raw material area spreading to the core breeding area, causing metabolic disorders and mass escapes of earthworms.

[0014] To achieve these objectives and other advantages of the present invention, a vermicompostorella farm is provided, the farm comprising:

[0015] The raw material pretreatment and storage area is located upwind of the entrance to the breeding site. The raw material pretreatment and storage area is equipped with hardened ground facilities, rain shelters, fermentation tanks and raw material warehouses for the fermentation, composting and storage of livestock and poultry manure and straw-type auxiliary materials.

[0016] The core breeding and production area is located in the center of the site. The core breeding and production area is divided into breeding earthworm area, breeding area and fattening area according to the breeding stage. Mechanical passages with a width of 1.5 meters to 2 meters are set between the breeding earthworm area, breeding area and fattening area. The core breeding and production area adopts a ridge breeding structure with a ridge width of 1 to 2 meters and a ridge height of 0.75 meters to 1 meter. A furrow with a width of 0.4 meters to 0.8 meters is formed between adjacent ridges.

[0017] A circular drainage ditch is arranged along the boundary of the breeding area, and the furrow is connected to the circular drainage ditch with a slope of 0.3% to 0.5%.

[0018] The finished product processing and storage area is located downwind of the breeding site exit. The finished product processing and storage area is equipped with a vermicompost drying area and a live vermicompost processing area.

[0019] An isolation zone is set up around the breeding area. The isolation zone is either a dug epidemic prevention ditch or a laid sand belt.

[0020] The management and support area is located at the entrance of the site and is equipped with a tool room and water and electricity facilities.

[0021] The manure treatment area is located downwind of the core breeding and production area and is equipped with sewage sedimentation tanks and composting facilities.

[0022] The main road connects the site entrance, raw material pretreatment and storage area, core breeding production area, finished product processing and storage area, and management and auxiliary area. The main road is 3 to 4 meters wide and is paved.

[0023] Branch roads connect the various breeding areas, and are 1.5 to 2 meters wide.

[0024] Preferably, it also includes:

[0025] Water level monitoring points are set at key confluence points of the circular drainage ditch;

[0026] At least one adjustable drainage gate is provided in the downstream section of the annular drainage ditch, and the gate height of the adjustable drainage gate can be adjusted within the range of 0.8 meters to 1 meter;

[0027] Water-blocking weirs are installed at the connection between the furrows and the ring drainage ditches in the core aquaculture production area. The height of the water-blocking weirs is 0.3 to 0.4 meters. Drainage holes with a diameter of 2 to 3 centimeters are opened at the bottom of the water-blocking weirs. The total area of ​​the drainage holes accounts for 15% to 25% of the cross-sectional area of ​​the furrows.

[0028] When the water level monitoring point detects that the water level exceeds the bottom of the circular drainage ditch by 0.6 meters, the following steps are performed:

[0029] a) Fully open the adjustable drainage gate;

[0030] b) Install a weir plate with drainage holes at the ridge-ditch connection in the upstream area of ​​the ring drainage ditch;

[0031] c) Continuously monitor the water level. When the water level drops to 0.3 meters below the bottom of the annular drainage ditch, remove the water-blocking weir plate installed in step b).

[0032] Preferably, a dynamic soil oxygen content control system is installed in the core aquaculture production area to regulate the oxygen content of the soil in the ridges. This system includes:

[0033] The oxygen content monitoring unit consists of multi-point oxygen content sensors buried inside the ridges in the core aquaculture production area. The sensors are vertically distributed at the bottom, middle and surface of the ridges, at depths of 0.3 meters, 0.5 meters and 0.1 meters from the ridge surface, respectively, and the monitoring frequency is once per hour.

[0034] The aeration and oxygenation system includes a porous aeration pipe network laid at the bottom of the furrow. The aeration pipe network is connected to a high-pressure air pump through branch pipes. The outlet pressure of the air pump is 0.1MPa to 0.2MPa.

[0035] Preferably, the control logic of the soil oxygen content dynamic regulation system is as follows:

[0036] When the oxygen content sensor reading inside any ridge is below 5 mg / L for three consecutive times, the aeration and oxygenation system is activated.

[0037] The duration of aeration is calculated using the formula T = K × (8 - O) min )Calculation, T is in minutes; O min The lowest measured oxygen content is expressed in mg / L; K: correction factor, with a value of 2.5.

[0038] After aeration, let the mixture stand for 30 minutes and then re-monitor the oxygen content. If it is still below 5 mg / L, repeat the aeration process until the target is met.

[0039] Preferably, it also includes an anti-clogging system, which includes:

[0040] The double-layer aeration pipe network structure includes an outer main pipe network and an inner branch pipe network. The outer main pipe network is laid at the bottom of the furrow, with a pipe diameter of 50mm to 60mm. The pipe wall has downward-sloping main aeration holes with a hole diameter of 1.5mm to 2mm and a hole density of 8 to 10 holes / meter. The opening direction is at an angle of 45° ± 5° to the horizontal plane.

[0041] The inner branch network is nested within the outer main network, with a pipe diameter of 20mm to 25mm. Auxiliary aeration holes are symmetrically opened on the pipe wall, with a hole diameter of 0.8mm to 1mm and a hole density of 15 to 20 holes / meter.

[0042] The air pressure linkage backwashing unit includes an air pressure sensor, a high-pressure water source interface, and an electromagnetic switching valve: the air pressure sensor is installed at the beginning and end of the outer main pipeline to monitor the air pressure changes in the pipeline in real time; the high-pressure water source interface is connected to the inlet of the aeration pipeline, with a water source pressure of 0.25MPa to 0.35MPa; the electromagnetic switching valve is controlled by the central controller and is used to switch between aeration mode and backwashing mode.

[0043] The main aeration holes and auxiliary aeration holes are embedded with elastic silicone sleeves. Under normal conditions, the inner diameter of the silicone sleeves is the same as the diameter of the aeration holes. In the backwashing mode, the high-pressure water flow drives the silicone sleeves to expand radially to 1.5 times the original diameter.

[0044] The control logic of the anti-clogging system is as follows: When the pressure sensor detects a pressure difference ≥ 0.05 MPa between the beginning and end of the pipeline network, the central controller executes:

[0045] a) Turn off the high-pressure air pump and switch the solenoid valve to backwash mode;

[0046] b) High-pressure water flow is continuously injected for 120–180 seconds;

[0047] c) Restore the aeration mode and restart the high-pressure air pump.

[0048] Preferably, a vertical moisture balance control system for ridges is provided, which includes a gradient moisture monitoring unit. This gradient moisture monitoring unit has three sets of moisture sensors embedded inside the ridges in the core breeding production area. The sensors are located at the surface of the ridge, 0.1 meters from the ridge surface; the middle layer, 0.4 meters from the ridge surface; and the deep layer, 0.6 meters from the ridge surface. The system monitors the volumetric water content of the soil in each layer in real time, with a sampling frequency of once every 30 minutes.

[0049] This system regulates the moisture content of the ridges through a tiered control mechanism, specifically:

[0050] When the difference in water content between the surface layer and the deep layer is ΔW=∣W 表 -W 深 | If W is ≥0.3 for 2 consecutive hours, start gradient irrigation or pumping ventilation: if the surface is dry 表 <W 深 Turn on the furrow irrigation system, with a depth of 0.5m. 3 Inject water into the furrows at a flow rate of / h for 15 minutes to replenish surface moisture;

[0051] If the surface water depth (W) is greater than the depth (W), activate the negative pressure ventilation pipe buried at the bottom of the ridge and pump air at a negative pressure of 0.2 MPa for 30 minutes to promote the diffusion of deep water to the middle layer.

[0052] When ΔW≤0.1 and continues for 3 hours, the control operation is terminated.

[0053] Preferably, after the gradient moisture monitoring unit is activated, when the stratified control mechanism is triggered for the first time, the rate of change V of surface soil moisture content is recorded simultaneously. 表 =ΔW 表 / Δt, in units of % / min, is related to the rate of change of deep water content V. 深 =ΔW 深 / Δt;

[0054] Calculate the hydraulic conductivity feedback coefficient α = V 表 / V 深 ;

[0055] If α ≥ 1.2, reduce the furrow irrigation flow rate to 0.3 m³ / h. 3 / h, the duration of a single water injection is extended to 25 minutes;

[0056] If α ≤ 0.8, increase the injection flow rate to 0.7 m³ / h. 3 / h, the single water injection time is shortened to 10 minutes;

[0057] When deep ventilation is activated, the negative pressure intensity is adjusted based on the α value:

[0058] When α > 1.0, maintain a negative pressure of 0.2 MPa;

[0059] When α < 1.0, the negative pressure will be increased to 0.25 MPa;

[0060] When the soil type changes or the hydraulic conductivity calibration is not triggered after three consecutive adjustments, the historical α value is cleared.

[0061] Preferably, it also includes a harmful gas diffusion suppression system, which includes:

[0062] The gas concentration monitoring unit consists of multiple gas sensor arrays deployed at the junction of the raw material pretreatment and storage area and the core aquaculture production area. The sensor array includes ammonia sensors and hydrogen sulfide sensors. The monitoring point spacing is 10 to 15 meters, the installation height is 1.5 to 2 meters above the ground, and the data sampling frequency is once per minute.

[0063] The directional air curtain generating device is installed on the boundary line of the raw material pretreatment and storage area near the core aquaculture production area. It includes an adjustable high-pressure jet nozzle array with a nozzle spacing of 2 to 3 meters, a jet direction at an elevation angle of 30°±5° to the ground, and an airflow speed range of 3m / s to 8m / s.

[0064] The water spray unit, integrated into the air curtain generating device, includes a high-pressure water pump and atomizing nozzles, with an atomized particle size ≤

[0065] 50 micrometers, water flow rate adjustable range is 0.5m 3 / h to 1.5m 3 / h;

[0066] The control module adjusts the air curtain generating device and the water source spraying unit in real time based on data from the gas concentration monitoring unit.

[0067] Preferably, the control logic of the harmful gas diffusion suppression system is as follows:

[0068] When the NH3 concentration is ≥10ppm for 5 consecutive minutes or the H2S concentration is ≥1ppm for 5 consecutive minutes, the directional air curtain generator is activated. The initial airflow velocity is set to 4m / s and increases linearly according to the proportion of concentration exceeding the standard, up to a maximum of 8m / s.

[0069] If the concentration does not drop to a safe threshold within 10 minutes after the air curtain is activated, the NH3 concentration is <5 ppm and the H2S concentration is <5 ppm.

[0070] If the concentration is less than 0.5 ppm, the water spray unit will be activated simultaneously, with the water flow rate set to 1 m³ / min. 3 / h;

[0071] When the concentration drops to the safe threshold and remains there for 15 minutes, turn off the water source spray unit and gradually reduce the airflow speed of the air curtain until it stops.

[0072] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0073] By implementing a zoned layout and slope design, the system effectively isolates raw material contamination sources from the aquaculture and production areas, reducing the risk of cross-infection of pathogens. Standardized mechanical channels shorten material transfer distances and reduce ineffective work time. The synergistic effect of circular drainage ditches and furrow slopes significantly improves site drainage efficiency, preventing earthworm suffocation and death caused by backflow of water.

[0074] The water level monitoring and gate linkage mechanism enables precise control of drainage flow during rainstorms. The design of the water-blocking weir plate discharge hole takes into account both the need to accelerate drainage and prevent backflow, maintaining the safe threshold of furrow water level under extreme weather conditions and ensuring a stable living environment for earthworms.

[0075] Oxygen content sensors provide stratified monitoring combined with formulaic aeration control, enabling real-time response to soil oxygen deficiency. On-demand oxygenation avoids energy waste, and a post-resting retesting mechanism ensures effective oxygenation, addressing the root cause of deep-seated earthworm suffocation.

[0076] The dual-layer pipe network structure improves aeration uniformity, the elastic silicone sleeve expands to clear blockages during backwashing, and pressure-triggered switching enables unattended maintenance. The system's anti-clogging capability is enhanced, ensuring long-term stable operation of the aeration system.

[0077] Layered moisture monitoring accurately identifies moisture imbalances along the vertical direction of the ridges. Differentiated control strategies (surface irrigation / deep ventilation) specifically address earthworm escape and suffocation issues, while moisture difference threshold control avoids over-intervention.

[0078] The hydraulic conductivity feedback coefficient dynamically corrects irrigation parameters, adapting to the water migration characteristics of different soil textures. Based on real-time data, it adjusts flow rate and duration, eliminating control biases caused by soil heterogeneity and improving water balance efficiency.

[0079] A gas sensor array captures pollutant diffusion trends in real time, while an air curtain device forms a directional airflow barrier to block gas migration. Spray units work synergistically to enhance pollutant settling, and a multi-stage response mechanism optimizes energy allocation while ensuring biosafety.

[0080] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will become apparent in part from the following description, and in part from those skilled in the art through study and practice of the invention. Detailed Implementation

[0081] The present invention will now be described in further detail so that those skilled in the art can implement it based on the description.

[0082] It should be understood that terms such as “having,” “comprising,” and “including” as used herein do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.

[0083] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods described in the following implementation plan are all conventional methods, and the reagents and materials described are all commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0084] <Example 1>

[0085] The raw material pretreatment and storage area is located upwind of the site's eastern entrance, at least 40 meters from the core breeding area. The ground is paved with 20cm thick C25 concrete, and the rain shelter uses a galvanized steel frame with a PVC roof. The fermentation tank is a brick-concrete structure lined with an HDPE geomembrane, and the raw material warehouse is equipped with axial flow fans for ventilation. The core breeding and production area is centrally located, with 1.8-meter-wide mechanical passages between the breeding, propagation, and fattening areas, the passage surfaces covered with a compacted layer of crushed stone. The finished product processing area is located downwind on the west side, with a 15-meter distance between the live earthworm processing area and the drying area, physically separated by corrugated steel sheets. The isolation zone uses excavated epidemic prevention ditches, 0.8 meters deep and 1 meter wide; a medium-coarse sand 0.3-meter-thick layer is used as an alternative. The wastewater sedimentation tank in the manure treatment area has a volume of 50 cubic meters, and the composting area has a 5% slope for drainage.

[0086] The width of the mechanical passageway can be selected as 1.5 meters, 1.8 meters, or 2 meters. The depth of the epidemic prevention ditch can be selected as 0.7 meters, 0.8 meters, or 1 meter. The rain shelter frame can be made of galvanized square tubing with a cross-section of 80×40 mm. The geomembrane can be made of 1.5 mm thick HDPE material. The axial flow fan can be a 600 mm diameter model.

[0087] Ventilation equipment for the raw material warehouse is installed high on the gable wall, 4 meters above the ground. The disease prevention ditch is fully enclosed and excavated along the boundary of the breeding area, with sand belts laid at the bottom. The sedimentation tank for the manure treatment area is located downstream of the composting yard, with wastewater introduced through a concealed pipe. During material transportation, raw material trucks travel directly to the raw material area via the main road, while finished product transport trucks exit from the west side exit to avoid path intersections.

[0088] Technical benefits: It achieves physical isolation of pathogenic microorganisms, reduces the risk of cross-contamination, and optimizes logistics efficiency.

[0089] A circular drainage ditch is arranged along the site boundary, with a bottom width of 1 meter, a depth of 1.2 meters, and a slope ratio of 1:1.5. The furrows slope towards the circular ditch at a 0.4% gradient. The furrows are constructed of red clay, with a width of 1.5 meters, a height of 0.9 meters, and a furrow width of 0.6 meters. The core breeding area is divided into independent units according to the breeding stage, with parallel furrows within each unit and consistent furrow spacing. Reinforced concrete drop structures are installed at the intersections of the drainage ditches, and inspection wells are installed every 50 meters.

[0090] The slope of the furrows can be selected from 0.3%, 0.4%, or 0.5%. The soil for the furrows can be red clay with a clay content of 30%. Precast concrete slabs can be laid for the drainage ditch slope protection. C30 reinforced concrete can be used for the drop structure. 800 mm diameter corrugated pipe manholes can be used.

[0091] The circular drainage ditch is 3 meters from the boundary of the aquaculture area, with a funnel-shaped transition at the junction of the furrow and the main ditch. Inspection wells are located at bends in the ditch, and drop structures are installed at points where the slope changes. During rainfall, surface runoff flows through the furrow into the circular ditch and drains off the site via the natural slope. During the dry season, the circular ditch stores water to maintain soil moisture in the surrounding area.

[0092] Technical benefits: Ensures smooth drainage, prevents water accumulation and backflow, and maintains stable moisture levels in the ridges.

[0093] The main road is 3.5 meters wide, with a 20 cm thick cement-stabilized crushed stone base layer and an 18 cm C30 concrete surface layer. The secondary roads are 1.8 meters wide, with a 5 cm thick gravel surface layer. The management and auxiliary areas are located at the entrance. The tool shed is constructed of corrugated steel sandwich panels, and the water and electricity facilities include a 100 kVA transformer and a DN50 water supply pipe. The manure treatment area's composting yard is equipped with a turner track base.

[0094] The main road width can be selected as 3 meters, 3.5 meters, or 4 meters. The transformer can be oil-immersed or dry-type. The water supply pipe can be made of PE100 material. The turning machine track can be made of 50 kg / m light rail. The building walls can be made of 75 mm thick rock wool sandwich panels.

[0095] The main road connects the site gate, raw material area, core breeding area, and finished product area in a circular pattern. Branch roads connect the main road perpendicularly to each breeding unit. Water and electricity pipelines are buried 0.8 meters deep and laid along the roadside. The tool shed includes a tool rack area and a changing area; the transformer is located in the management area's power distribution room. The compost turner track is pre-embedded in the composting yard's concrete foundation.

[0096] Technical benefits: Improves material handling efficiency, ensures safe equipment passage, and reduces daily maintenance costs.

[0097] <Example 2>

[0098] Water level monitoring points can be equipped with ultrasonic sensors or radar level gauges, with a range of 0-2 meters and an accuracy of ±1 cm. They should be installed at key locations such as bends and intersections in the circular drainage ditch. Adjustable drainage gates can be electrically operated cast iron gates with a gate height adjustment range of 0.8 to 1.0 meters. The drive device can be a waterproof linear motor or an electric actuator. The gate frame material can be 304 stainless steel or hot-dip galvanized steel. During installation, ensure the gate is located on the downstream straight section of the drainage ditch, with the bottom of the gate slot flush with the ditch bottom, and pre-embedded sliding rails embedded on both sides of the gate. Operating process: When the monitoring point detects a water level exceeding the 0.6-meter threshold at the bottom of the ditch, the central controller sends a command to the gate motor, causing the gate to lower to its lowest position of 0.8 meters within 90 seconds. This design accelerates drainage by increasing the water passage cross-section, and a silicone sealing ring is installed at the bottom of the gate to prevent leakage.

[0099] The weir plate can be made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) sheet, 8-10 mm thick, with a height ranging from 0.3 m to 0.4 m. The drainage holes can be designed as round holes with a diameter of 2 cm to 3 cm, arranged in a staggered pattern, with the total area of ​​the openings occupying 15%-25% of the cross-sectional area of ​​the furrow. Rubber sealing strips can be installed on both sides of the weir plate, and a counterweight steel plate is pre-embedded at the bottom. The assembly position is located in the reserved slot at the connection between the furrow and the ring drainage ditch; the slot is prefabricated using C25 concrete and is 0.5 m deep. Operation: During heavy rain, when the water level exceeds the standard, the weir plate is inserted manually or by a robotic arm into the upstream connection area. The bottom drainage holes allow some water flow (approximately 20% of the flow rate) while preventing backflow. A water level gauge can be added to the top of the weir plate for easy on-site observation.

[0100] Control process parameter settings: The upper limit of the water level safety threshold is 0.6 meters above the bottom of the ditch, and the lower limit is 0.3 meters. A PLC controller can be used for the control system. The input module receives 4-20mA signals from the sensor, and the output module connects to the gate motor relay. The working process is executed in three steps: a) The gate is fully opened within 30 seconds after the water level exceeds the limit; b) Weir plates are simultaneously installed at 12-15 furrow interfaces in the upstream section of the circular ditch (e.g., the front 1 / 3 area in the water flow direction); c) The water level sensor continuously monitors the water level. When the data drops below 0.3 meters and remains below that level for 5 minutes, an audible and visual prompt is triggered to manually remove the weir plates. Test method: A water flow of 50 cubic meters per hour is injected into a simulated rainstorm platform to verify that the response time from alarm to full gate opening is ≤2 minutes.

[0101] Technical effects: This system enables tiered control of drainage flow during heavy rains. Through the combined effect of rapid flood discharge via sluice gates and peak-shaving blocking by weirs, it effectively prevents upstream backflow caused by downstream backflow. The spillway design balances emergency drainage with basic backflow prevention requirements, maintaining the furrow water level below the 0.25-meter safety line and reducing the risk of earthworm drowning.

[0102] Application Example: In a *Pheretima asiatica* farm in Guangxi (layout as in Example 1), an adjustable drainage gate is installed in the downstream section of the annular drainage ditch. The gate height can be electrically adjusted between 0.8 meters and 1 meter. The gate frame is welded from galvanized steel plates, and a waterproof linear motor is used as the drive device. Ultrasonic water level sensors are installed at key confluence points of the annular ditch, and a warning line is marked 0.6 meters from the bottom of the ditch. An installation groove is pre-embedded at the connection between the furrow and the annular ditch, and a water-blocking weir plate can be inserted into the groove. The weir plate is 0.35 meters high, and three rows of 2.5 cm diameter drainage holes are opened at the bottom, with the total area of ​​the holes accounting for 20% of the cross-sectional area of ​​the furrow.

[0103] Comparative Example: In a traditional livestock farm in Guangxi, workers manually stack sandbags to prevent backflow during heavy rains. During a typhoon in 2023, the sandbags' excessive sealing caused water to accumulate in the upstream furrows to exceed 0.4 meters, resulting in an earthworm mortality rate of 18%. In this solution, when the water level sensor detects a water depth exceeding 0.6 meters, the control system automatically executes three steps: first, the downstream gate is lowered to its lowest position of 0.8 meters to accelerate drainage; second, water-blocking weirs with drainage holes are inserted at the 12 furrow interfaces in the upstream area; and finally, the water level is continuously monitored until it drops below 0.3 meters before the weirs are removed.

[0104] The weir plate is made of high-density polyethylene, with staggered discharge holes. Compared to the traditional sand-sealing method, the weir plate holes allow some water to pass through, avoiding the water pressure buildup caused by complete blockage. Tests during the 2024 flood season showed that under heavy rainfall of 50 mm / hour, the water level in the upstream ditch remained within the safe threshold of 0.25 meters, and no backflow occurred.

[0105] Differences from the closest existing technology:

[0106] 1. Upgraded regulatory mechanism

[0107] Traditional manual sealing relies on experience-based judgment, resulting in delayed response and uncontrollable sealing. This technology uses water level thresholds to trigger automatic control, with gates and weirs working together to achieve staggered drainage.

[0108] 2. Optimization of anti-backflow structure

[0109] Compared to the completely sealed blockage of sandbags, the perforated weir plate allows 15%-25% flow to pass through, which reduces upstream water pressure while ensuring basic drainage needs, thus resolving the contradiction between complete sealing and moderate drainage.

[0110] 3. Improved equipment durability

[0111] Electric gates replace manual operation, and the galvanized steel structure has better corrosion resistance than traditional wooden gates, making them suitable for long-term use in the high-humidity environment of southern regions.

[0112] <Example 3>

[0113] Dissolved oxygen sensors can be electrochemical or fluorescent optical, with a range of 0-20 mg / L and an accuracy of ±0.5 mg / L. The sensor probes are vertically buried inside the ridge, at depths of 0.1 meters (surface), 0.3 meters (middle), and 0.5 meters (deep). The protective housing can be made of 316 stainless steel, and the cable is a corrosion-resistant shielded cable. The installation location must avoid mechanical passages, be at least 1 meter from the edge of the ridge, and the spacing between each group of sensors should be 5 meters. Operating procedure: Data is automatically collected hourly. When any point receives three consecutive readings below the 5 mg / L threshold, an alarm signal is triggered. Testing method: Nitrogen gas is injected into the red clay ridge to simulate an oxygen-deficient environment, verifying that the sensor response time is ≤3 minutes.

[0114] The outer main pipe of the aeration network can be a UPVC pipe with a nominal diameter of 50mm. Aeration holes with a diameter of 1.8mm are cut at a 45° angle on the pipe wall, with a hole density of 9 holes / meter. A vortex blower can be used as the high-pressure air pump, with an outlet pressure of 0.15MPa. Each blower connects to a DN40 galvanized steel branch pipe covering 10 furrows. The network is laid centered along the bottom of the furrows, with a 20mm thick gravel bedding layer at the bottom. Working process: After startup, the airflow forms rising air bubbles through the angled holes, covering 70% of the ridge cross-section. The aeration time is calculated using the formula T = 2.5 × (8 - O min ) Calculation (e.g., detecting the minimum value O) min When the oxygen concentration is 3.8 mg / L, T = 2.5 × 4.2 = 10.5 minutes. After aeration, let it stand for 30 minutes and then retest. If the oxygen concentration is still below 5 mg / L, start the aeration cycle again.

[0115] Control parameter settings: The safe threshold for oxygen content is 5 mg / L; three consecutive exceedances trigger an action. An industrial PLC can be used as the controller, with a built-in timer module to calculate the aeration duration. The workflow consists of four steps: 1) Locking the minimum oxygen level when data is abnormal. min The system automatically calculates the T-value and starts the air pump; delays aeration for 30 minutes; and re-collects data to determine if the standard is met. Functional test: Three control ridges were set up in the fattening area. Carbon dioxide was manually injected until the oxygen content reached 4.2 mg / L. After 12 minutes of aeration, the oxygen content rose to 6.3 mg / L. After settling, the retested data stabilized above 5.8 mg / L, meeting the termination condition.

[0116] Technical benefits: Enables stratified monitoring and precise control of oxygen content within the ridges, and avoids energy waste through formulaic aeration time control. The slanted aeration hole design improves oxygen delivery efficiency, and the static retesting mechanism ensures effective oxygenation, reducing the risk of suffocation for deep earthworms.

[0117] Application Example: In the core area of ​​a *Pheretima asiatica* farm in Guangxi (layout as in Example 1), three sets of dissolved oxygen sensors were vertically buried inside the ridges. The deep sensor was located 0.5 meters from the ridge surface, the middle sensor at a depth of 0.3 meters, and the surface sensor at a shallow depth of 0.1 meters. The sensor probes used electrochemical principles and were connected to the control cabinet via waterproof cables, automatically recording data hourly. PVC aeration pipes with an outer diameter of 55 mm were laid at the bottom of the furrows, with 1.8 mm diameter aeration holes at a 45-degree angle and a hole spacing of 10 cm. The network of pipes was connected to high-pressure air pumps via galvanized steel pipes. Each air pump had a rated outlet pressure of 0.15 MPa and covered 15 furrows.

[0118] Comparative Example: A worm farm in Guangxi used a manual detection method. Workers inserted metal probes into the soil after rain and judged the degree of oxygen deficiency by observing the number of earthworms crawling up. This method could not quantify the oxygen content in layers deeper than 0.4 meters, and in the summer of 2023, a large-scale suffocation of earthworms in the breeding area occurred due to response delays. In this solution, when any sensor detects a value below 5 mg / L for three consecutive times, the system automatically starts the air pump. For example, if the oxygen content in the middle layer is measured to be 3.8 mg / L, the aeration time is calculated according to a preset formula. After the air pump finishes running, the system is left to stand for 30 minutes, and the sensor data is re-measured to determine whether secondary aeration is needed.

[0119] The aeration network is laid longitudinally along the furrows, with branch pipes spaced 1.5 meters apart. Compared to surface aeration discs used at a local base, this design's angled vents allow the air bubbles to be directed directly towards the core area of ​​the ridge. Practice has shown that this system can complete oxygenation intervention before earthworms exhibit stress responses, avoiding the damage to soil structure caused by traditional manual interventions.

[0120] Differences from the closest existing technology:

[0121] 1. In-depth innovation in monitoring

[0122] Traditional methods can only detect shallow soil layers up to 0.2 meters deep. This technology uses three layers of sensors to achieve full profile monitoring from 0.1 to 0.5 meters, accurately capturing deep oxygen-deficient conditions.

[0123] 2. Response logic optimization

[0124] Existing technologies rely on visual observation of biological behavior, while this system is based on a continuous data triggering mechanism to proactively intervene before the oxygen content drops to a critical threshold.

[0125] 3. Improvement of oxygenation methods

[0126] Compared to surface aeration equipment, the inclined hole network at the bottom of the ditch allows oxygen to reach the densely active layer of earthworms directly, and the 0.15 MPa pressure overcomes the seepage resistance of red clay.

[0127] 4. Establishment of control closed loop

[0128] Manual operation has the problem of arbitrary oxygenation time. This solution ensures that the oxygen content is stable at the safe threshold through the "monitoring-execution-verification" process.

[0129] <Example 4>

[0130] The outer main pipe network can be made of UPVC pipe with a nominal diameter of 55mm and a wall thickness of 3mm. The pipe body has main aeration holes with a diameter of 1.8mm at a 45° angle, with a hole density of 9 holes / meter. The inner branch pipe network can be made of PE pipe with an outer diameter of 22mm, with symmetrical auxiliary aeration holes of 0.9mm in diameter, and a hole density of 18 holes / meter. The aeration holes are fitted with elastic silicone sleeves; food-grade liquid silicone can be used, and the normal hole diameter is the same as the opening. The main pipe network is laid centered along the bottom of the furrow, and the branch pipe networks are nested inside the main pipe cavity, secured at both ends with rubber sealing rings. Working process: During normal aeration, airflow is sprayed obliquely from the main and auxiliary holes; during backwashing, the silicone sleeve expands under water pressure to 1.5 times its original hole diameter (e.g., a 1.8mm hole expands to 2.7mm).

[0131] The air pressure sensor can be a piezoresistive transmitter with a range of 0-0.1MPa and an accuracy of ±1%FS, installed at the flange interfaces of the main pipeline at both the beginning and end. The high-pressure water source interface can be connected to a DN25 high-pressure hose, with a water source pressure set at 0.3MPa, and a Y-type filter installed at the interface. The solenoid switching valve can be a three-position four-way valve, normally connected to the air pump pipeline, switching to the water source pipeline for backflushing. Assembly location: The sensor is directly screwed into the pipeline pressure measuring port, and the solenoid valve is fixed in the control box at the end of the furrow. Operation process: When the pressure difference between the beginning and end is ≥0.05MPa, the sensor outputs a 4-20mA signal to the controller.

[0132] Control parameter settings: Differential pressure threshold is 0.05 MPa, backwash duration is 150 seconds. The central controller can be an embedded system with a built-in time-delay relay. The workflow consists of three steps: a) The air pump shuts off within 5 seconds of detecting a differential pressure exceeding the limit; b) The solenoid valve switches the water source path, continuously injecting high-pressure water for 150 seconds; c) The aeration mode is automatically restored and the air pump restarts. Functional testing: After continuous operation for 240 hours in water with a sludge concentration of 30 g / L, when the aeration efficiency decreases by 15%, the system triggers backwashing, and the air pressure recovers to 98% ± 2% of its initial value after backwashing.

[0133] Technical Benefits: The silicone sleeve expansion mechanism achieves deep cleaning of the aeration holes, avoiding damage to the pipe walls caused by traditional physical through-holes. The double-layer pipe network structure creates circumferential turbulence, improving flushing coverage. The differential pressure triggering mechanism enables on-demand maintenance, ensuring long-term stable operation of the aeration system and reducing the frequency of manual unclogging.

[0134] Application Example: In a *Pheretima aspergillum* (earthworm) farm in Guangxi (layout as in Example 1), a double-layer aeration network is laid at the bottom of the furrows. The outer main network uses 55 mm outer diameter UPVC pipe, with 1.8 mm diameter main aeration holes at a 45-degree angle and a hole spacing of 10 cm. The inner branch network is nested within it, using 25 mm outer diameter PE pipe, with symmetrical 0.9 mm diameter auxiliary aeration holes on the pipe wall, at a hole density of 18 holes / meter. Differential pressure sensors are installed at both ends of the main network, and the high-pressure water source interface is connected to the irrigation system via a DN25 hose, with the water source pressure set to 0.3 MPa. The electromagnetic switching valve is integrated into the control box and is normally connected to the air pump pipeline.

[0135] All aeration holes are fitted with food-grade silicone sleeves, the inner diameter of which is normally the same as the aeration hole. In backwash mode, high-pressure water flow drives the silicone sleeves to expand radially to 1.5 times the original hole diameter. A base in Hechi, Guangxi, previously used single-layer perforated aeration pipes, which failed to aerate in 2023 due to hole blockage. Workers had to disassemble the pipes monthly to unclog the holes with steel needles. In this solution, when the differential pressure sensor detects a pressure difference ≥0.05 MPa between the beginning and end points, the central controller automatically shuts off the air pump and switches the solenoid valve to backwash mode. Aeration resumes after 150 seconds of continuous high-pressure water injection, requiring no manual intervention throughout the entire process.

[0136] Compared to traditional single-layer pipe networks, the nested structure of this design creates a bidirectional flushing channel. During backflushing, high-pressure water simultaneously penetrates the main and auxiliary holes, and the expanding silicone sleeve peels away the sludge adhering to the hole walls. Practical experience shows that this system operated continuously for six months on red clay sites without clogging, while traditional single-layer pipes required monthly shutdowns for cleaning.

[0137] Differences from the closest existing technology:

[0138] 1. Reform of the congestion clearing mechanism

[0139] Traditional manual orifice cleaning methods can only address surface blockages and cannot remove biofilm adhering to the pore interior. This technology achieves deep cleaning of the pore walls through the expansion of a silicone sleeve.

[0140] 2. Structural design optimization

[0141] During backwashing of a single-layer pipe network, the water flow distribution is uneven. The double-layer nesting creates turbulence in the gap between the main pipe and the branch pipe, thus improving the flushing coverage.

[0142] 3. Triggering method upgraded

[0143] Existing technologies rely on periodic shutdowns for maintenance, while this system initiates backflushing in real time based on differential pressure changes, avoiding sudden failures caused by accumulated blockages.

[0144] <Example 5>

[0145] In implementing water balance control at a *Pheretima asiatica* farm in Guangxi (layout as in Example 1), three sets of soil moisture sensors were vertically buried inside the ridges. The surface sensor was located at a depth of 0.1 meters from the ridge surface, the middle sensor at 0.4 meters, and the deep sensor at 0.6 meters. The sensors used a capacitive principle, collecting volumetric water content data every 30 minutes. When the system detected that the difference between the surface and deep water content exceeded 0.3 for two consecutive hours, an automatic control mechanism was triggered: if the surface water content was lower than the deep water content, the furrow irrigation system was activated, injecting water at a flow rate of 0.5 cubic meters per hour for 15 minutes; if the deep water content was higher than the surface water content, the negative pressure ventilation pipe buried at the bottom of the ridge was activated, pumping air at a negative pressure of 0.2 MPa for 30 minutes. Control continued until the difference was less than 0.1 and maintained for 3 hours before stopping.

[0146] Upon initial triggering of regulation, the system simultaneously records the rate of change in surface moisture content and the rate of change in deep soil moisture content. The hydraulic conductivity feedback coefficient α is obtained by calculating the ratio of these two rates. When α is greater than or equal to 1.2, the injection flow rate is automatically reduced to 0.3 cubic meters per hour, and the duration of each injection is extended to 25 minutes; if α is less than or equal to 0.8, the flow rate is increased to 0.7 cubic meters per hour, and the duration is shortened to 10 minutes. During deep ventilation, a negative pressure of 0.2 MPa is maintained when α is greater than 1.0, and increased to 0.25 MPa when α is less than 1.0. Historical α values ​​are automatically reset to zero if the soil type changes or if the coefficient calibration is not triggered after three consecutive regulation cycles.

[0147] Compared to existing technologies: Traditional livestock farms use uniform irrigation parameters, such as a fixed 20-minute watering session daily at a base in Guangxi. This method ignores differences in soil texture: in sandy soil, rapid water infiltration leads to surface drought and frequent earthworm escapes; in clay soil, slow infiltration causes deep water accumulation. Workers' adjustments based on experience lack quantitative basis and often lag behind actual needs. This solution uses stratified monitoring to accurately identify the direction of water imbalance and differentiate between surface watering and deep drainage. The hydraulic conductivity coefficient α dynamically adjusts operating parameters; for example, it automatically shortens watering time in sandy areas to avoid waste and increases negative pressure in clay areas to promote water diffusion. Observations show that after implementation, surface drought and deep water accumulation on the ridges have decreased, and earthworm escape behavior has been controlled.

[0148] <Example 6>

[0149] When implementing water control at a *Pheretima asiatica* farm in Guangxi (layout as in Example 1), the system automatically recorded moisture content changes after the first triggering of stratified irrigation. The surface sensor was located 0.1 meters from the ridge surface, and the deep sensor was placed at a depth of 0.6 meters. Within 30 minutes of water injection, the surface moisture content increased from 0.25 to 0.35, while the deep moisture content decreased from 0.60 to 0.55. The system calculated the surface moisture change rate V. 表 =0.1 / 30 = 0.0033% / min, depth change rate V 深=0.05 / 30 = 0.0017% / min, hydraulic conductivity feedback coefficient α = V 表 / V 深 =1.94. Because the α value is greater than 1.2, the system automatically reduces the subsequent water injection flow rate from 0.5 cubic meters per hour to 0.3 cubic meters per hour, and extends the single duration to 25 minutes.

[0150] When deep ventilation is controlled, if α = 0.85 (less than 1.0), the system will increase the negative pressure intensity from 0.2 MPa to 0.25 MPa. In a sandy loam area in Yulin, after the first irrigation, α = 0.72 was calculated, triggering an increase in flow rate to 0.7 cubic meters per hour and a shortening of the duration to 10 minutes. Historical α values ​​are automatically reset to zero each time the soil type changes. If the coefficient calibration is not triggered for three consecutive adjustments (e.g., ΔW does not exceed the 0.3 threshold three times), the system will also clear the stored data.

[0151] Compared to existing technologies: In traditional methods, workers typically operate according to a fixed pattern. For example, at a base in Guangxi, all plots are uniformly watered at a flow rate of 0.5 cubic meters per hour for 15 minutes. This operation leads to rapid water infiltration in sandy soil areas, insufficient surface water replenishment causing earthworms to escape; in clay soil areas, water retention causes deep water accumulation. Manual adjustments rely on experience and observation, such as judging moisture by digging in the soil, which results in a delayed response and damages the ridge structure.

[0152] This method accurately identifies differences in soil hydraulic conductivity by calculating the hydraulic conductivity coefficient α in real time. In sandy soil areas, a high α value triggers low-speed, long-duration irrigation to ensure sufficient surface water infiltration; in clay soil areas, a low α value corresponds to high-speed, short-duration irrigation to avoid deep waterlogging. The ventilation negative pressure is dynamically adjusted according to the α value, enhancing suction in clay soil areas to promote water diffusion. Observations show that this method can reduce the failure of regulation caused by soil heterogeneity and maintain moisture balance within the ridge.

[0153] <Example 7>

[0154] In a *Pheretima aspergillum* farm in Guangxi (layout as in Example 1), a gas monitoring unit was installed at the boundary between the raw material pretreatment area and the core farming area. The sensor array was spaced 12 meters apart and fixed at a height of 1.8 meters above the ground. It included an ammonia sensor with a range of 0-50 ppm and a hydrogen sulfide sensor with a range of 0-10 ppm. Data was collected every minute. When the ammonia concentration was ≥10 ppm for 5 consecutive minutes or the hydrogen sulfide concentration was ≥1 ppm, the boundary-line directional air curtain device was triggered. The nozzle array was spaced 2.5 meters apart, with an initial airflow velocity set to 4 m / s and the jet direction at a 30° angle to the ground. If the concentration did not drop to the safe thresholds of ammonia <5 ppm and hydrogen sulfide <0.5 ppm within 10 minutes, the integrated spray unit was simultaneously activated, and the atomizing nozzles sprayed water mist with a particle size ≤50 micrometers, with a water flow rate set to 1 m³ / min. 3 / h. After the concentration reaches the target, maintain it for 15 minutes, then the system will sequentially shut down the spray and air curtain.

[0155] Traditional earthworm farms use ordinary exhaust fans, such as the axial flow fans installed on the side walls of the raw material area at a base in Fangchenggang. This method creates disordered airflow, with actual measurements showing that 30% of the gas flows around to the breeding area. Workers only manually activate the spray system after discovering earthworms escaping, resulting in a response delay often exceeding 20 minutes. This solution uses an air curtain to create a 30° upward-angled directional airflow barrier, forming an effective isolation layer at a height of 0-2 meters above the ground. The spray unit is linked to the air curtain, with water mist particles carrying pollutants to settle. Observations show that this system can suppress the concentration of excessive gas to within a safe threshold within 8 minutes, reducing the phenomenon of mass earthworm escapes.

[0156] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. They can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other modifications can be easily made. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details.

Claims

1. A worm farming facility, characterized in that, The farm includes: The raw material pretreatment and storage area is located upwind of the entrance to the breeding site. The raw material pretreatment and storage area is equipped with hardened ground facilities, rain shelters, fermentation tanks and raw material warehouses for the fermentation, composting and storage of livestock and poultry manure and straw-type auxiliary materials. The core breeding and production area is located in the center of the site. The core breeding and production area is divided into breeding earthworm area, breeding area and fattening area according to the breeding stage. Mechanical passages with a width of 1.5 meters to 2 meters are set between the breeding earthworm area, breeding area and fattening area. The core breeding and production area adopts a ridge breeding structure with a ridge width of 1 meter to 2 meters and a ridge height of 0.75 meters to 1 meter. A furrow with a width of 0.4 meters to 0.8 meters is formed between adjacent ridges. A ring-shaped drainage ditch is arranged along the boundary of the breeding area, and the furrow is connected to the ring-shaped drainage ditch with a slope of 0.3% to 0.5%. The finished product processing and storage area is located downwind of the breeding site exit. The finished product processing and storage area is equipped with a vermicompost drying area and a live vermicompost processing area. An isolation zone is set up around the breeding area. The isolation zone is either a dug epidemic prevention ditch or a laid sand belt. The management and support area is located at the site entrance and is equipped with a tool room and water and electricity facilities; The manure treatment area is located downwind of the core breeding and production area and is equipped with sewage sedimentation tanks and composting facilities. The main road connects the site entrance, raw material pretreatment and storage area, core breeding production area, finished product processing and storage area, and management and auxiliary area. The main road is 3 to 4 meters wide and is paved. Branch roads connect the various breeding areas, and are 1.5 to 2 meters wide. A dynamic soil oxygen content control system is set up in the core aquaculture production area to regulate the oxygen content of the soil in the ridges. The system includes an oxygen content monitoring unit and an anti-clogging system. The anti-clogging system includes a double-layer aeration pipe network structure, which includes an outer main pipe network and an inner branch pipe network. The outer main pipe network is laid at the bottom of the furrow, with a pipe diameter of 50mm to 60mm. The pipe wall has downward-sloping main aeration holes with a hole diameter of 1.5mm to 2mm and a hole density of 8 to 10 holes / meter. The opening direction is at an angle of 45° ± 5° to the horizontal plane. The inner branch network is nested within the outer main network, with a pipe diameter of 20mm to 25mm. Auxiliary aeration holes are symmetrically opened on the pipe wall, with a hole diameter of 0.8mm to 1mm and a hole density of 15 to 20 holes / meter. The air pressure-linked backwashing unit includes an air pressure sensor, a high-pressure water source interface, and an electromagnetic switching valve: the air pressure sensor is installed at the beginning and end of the outer main pipeline to monitor the air pressure changes in the pipeline in real time; the high-pressure water source interface is connected to the inlet of the double-layer aeration pipeline structure, with a water pressure of 0.25MPa to 0.35MPa; the electromagnetic switching valve is controlled by the central controller and is used to switch between aeration mode and backwashing mode; the double-layer aeration pipeline structure is connected to the high-pressure air pump through branch pipes; Among them, the main aeration holes and auxiliary aeration holes are embedded with elastic silicone sleeves. Under normal conditions, the inner diameter of the silicone sleeves is the same as the diameter of the aeration holes; in the backwashing mode, the high-pressure water flow drives the silicone sleeves to expand radially to 1.5 times the original diameter. The vertical moisture balance control system for ridges includes a gradient moisture monitoring unit. This gradient moisture monitoring unit has three sets of moisture sensors embedded inside the ridges in the core aquaculture production area. These sensors are located at the surface layer of the ridge, 0.1 meters from the ridge surface; the middle layer, 0.4 meters from the ridge surface; and the deep layer, 0.6 meters from the ridge surface. The system monitors the volumetric water content of the soil in each layer in real time, with a sampling frequency of once every 30 minutes. This ridge vertical moisture balance control system regulates the moisture content of the ridge through a stratified control mechanism, specifically: When the difference in water content between the surface layer and the deep layer is ΔW = |W 表 -W 深 | If W is ≥0.3 for 2 consecutive hours, start gradient irrigation or pumping ventilation: if the surface is dry 表 <W 深 Turn on the furrow irrigation system, with a depth of 0.5m. 3 Inject water into the furrows at a flow rate of / h for 15 minutes to replenish surface moisture; If deep water accumulates W 表 >W 深 Start the negative pressure ventilation pipe buried at the bottom of the ridge and pump air at a negative pressure of 0.2MPa for 30 minutes to promote the diffusion of deep moisture to the middle layer. When ΔW ≤ 0.1 and continues for 3 hours, terminate the control operation; After the gradient moisture monitoring unit is activated, when the stratified regulation mechanism is triggered for the first time, the rate of change V of surface soil moisture content is recorded simultaneously. 表 =ΔW 表 / Δt, in units of % / min, is related to the rate of change of deep water content V. 深 =ΔW 深 / Δt; Calculate the hydraulic conductivity feedback coefficient α=V 表 / V 深 ; If α ≥ 1.2, reduce the furrow irrigation flow rate to 0.3 m³ / h. 3 / h, the duration of a single water injection is extended to 25 minutes; If α ≤ 0.8, increase the injection flow rate to 0.7 m³ / h. 3 / h, the single water injection time is shortened to 10 minutes; When deep ventilation is activated, the negative pressure intensity is adjusted based on the α value: When α > 1.0, maintain a negative pressure of 0.2 MPa; When α < 1.0, the negative pressure will be increased to 0.25 MPa; When the soil type changes or the hydraulic conductivity calibration is not triggered after three consecutive adjustments, the historical α value is cleared.

2. The *Pheretima asiatica* farming farm according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Water level monitoring points are set at key confluence points of the circular drainage ditch; At least one adjustable drainage gate is provided in the downstream section of the annular drainage ditch, and the gate height of the adjustable drainage gate can be adjusted within the range of 0.8 meters to 1 meter; Water-blocking weirs are installed at the junction of the furrows and the ring-shaped drainage ditch in the core aquaculture production area. The height of the water-blocking weirs is 0.3 meters to 0.4 meters. Drainage holes with a diameter of 2 centimeters to 3 centimeters are opened at the bottom of the water-blocking weirs. The total area of ​​the drainage holes accounts for 15% to 25% of the cross-sectional area of ​​the furrows. When the water level monitoring point detects that the water level exceeds the bottom of the circular drainage ditch by 0.6 meters, the following steps are performed: a) Fully open the adjustable drainage gate; b) Install a weir plate with drainage holes at the ridge-ditch connection in the upstream area of ​​the ring drainage ditch; c) Continuously monitor the water level. When the water level drops to 0.3 meters below the bottom of the annular drainage ditch, remove the water-blocking weir plate installed in step b).

3. The *Pheretima asiatica* farming farm according to claim 1, characterized in that, The oxygen content monitoring unit consists of multi-point oxygen content sensors buried inside the ridges in the core aquaculture production area. The oxygen content sensors are vertically distributed at the bottom, middle and surface of the ridges, at depths of 0.5 meters, 0.3 meters and 0.1 meters from the ridge surface, respectively, and the monitoring frequency is once per hour. The high-pressure air pump has an outlet pressure of 0.1MPa to 0.2MPa.

4. The *Pheretima asiatica* farming farm according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a harmful gas diffusion suppression system, which includes: The gas concentration monitoring unit consists of multiple gas sensor arrays deployed at the boundary between the raw material pretreatment and storage area and the core aquaculture production area. The sensor array includes ammonia sensors and hydrogen sulfide sensors. The monitoring point spacing is 10 to 15 meters, the installation height is 1.5 to 2 meters above the ground, and the data sampling frequency is once per minute. The directional air curtain generating device is installed on the boundary line of the raw material pretreatment and storage area near the core aquaculture production area. It includes an adjustable high-pressure jet nozzle array with a nozzle spacing of 2 to 3 meters, a jet direction at an elevation angle of 30° ± 5° to the ground, and an airflow speed range of 3 m / s to 8 m / s. The water spray unit, integrated into the air curtain generating device, includes a high-pressure water pump and atomizing nozzles, with an atomized particle size ≤50 micrometers and an adjustable water flow rate range of 0.5m. 3 / h~1.5m 3 / h; The control module adjusts the air curtain generating device and the water source spraying unit in real time based on data from the gas concentration monitoring unit.

5. The *Pheretima asiatica* farming farm according to claim 4, characterized in that, The control logic of the harmful gas diffusion suppression system is as follows: When the NH3 concentration is ≥10ppm for 5 consecutive minutes or the H2S concentration is ≥1ppm for 5 consecutive minutes, the directional air curtain generating device is activated. The initial airflow velocity is set to 4m / s and increases linearly according to the proportion of concentration exceeding the standard, up to a maximum of 8m / s. If the concentration does not drop to the safe threshold within 10 minutes after the air curtain is activated (NH3 concentration < 5 ppm, H2S concentration < 0.5 ppm), the water source spray unit will be activated simultaneously, with the water flow rate set to 1 m³ / min. 3 / h; When the concentration drops to the safe threshold and remains there for 15 minutes, turn off the water source spray unit and gradually reduce the airflow speed of the air curtain until it stops.