Formula fertilizer for promoting growth recovery of rice seedlings after flood disaster

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of rice anti-flood high-yield cultivation, and particularly relates to a formula fertilizer for promoting growth recovery of rice after seedling stage flood disaster. The formula fertilizer comprises, in percentage by mass, 40-50% of nitrogen fertilizer, 20-30% of phosphorus fertilizer, 10-20% of biochar and 10-20% of microbial fertilizer. The formula fertilizer for promoting growth recovery of rice after seedling stage flood disaster has good regulation results on plant height (PH), tiller number (TN), specific leaf weight (SLW) and leaf area index (LAI) of rice, on biomass of rice, on light energy utilization efficiency of rice, on MDA, Pro and soluble sugar of rice, on SOD, POD and CAT of rice, and on yield and yield components of rice.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of high-yield rice cultivation technology that is resistant to flooding, and specifically relates to a formula fertilizer for promoting growth and recovery of rice seedlings after flooding. Background Technology

[0002] After flooding occurs, it mainly affects the morphological structure and growth environment of rice plants, ultimately affecting the growth and development of plants and yield formation. (1) Flooding stress inhibits the growth and absorption activity of roots, resulting in reduced nutrient absorption and nutrient deficiency in the aboveground parts; (2) Flooding stress destroys the soil microbial community and activity, resulting in reduced secretion of organic acids by microorganisms and roots, thus reducing the absorption activity and nutrient absorption of roots; (3) Flooding stress destroys the soil structure, causing soil compaction and aggregate destruction, resulting in nutrient loss, reducing the soil's nutrient supply capacity and permeability, and thus affecting the growth of roots and plants.

[0003] After waterlogging stress during the rice seedling and early tillering stages, the conventional remedial measure is to drain the water and then apply fertilizer, mostly nitrogen-based. However, the type and amount of fertilizer used are largely based on subjective experience, referring to the fertilizer requirements of rice under normal growth conditions. There is a lack of scientific basis for fertilization after rice flooding, and effective specialized fertilizers for promoting rice growth and recovery after flooding are even more scarce. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the lack of scientific basis for fertilization after rice flooding and the absence of effective special fertilizers for promoting rice growth and recovery after flooding. Based on the fertilizer requirements for promoting rice growth and recovery after flooding, this invention provides a simple and effective formula fertilizer for promoting rice growth and recovery after flooding, providing effective protection for rice growth and recovery and flood control and harvest protection after flooding.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention provides a rice seedling stage flood-induced growth-promoting and recovery formula fertilizer, wherein the formula fertilizer comprises, by weight percentage:

[0006] Nitrogen fertilizer 40%-50%, phosphorus fertilizer 20%-30%, biochar 10%-20%, microbial fertilizer 10%-20%.

[0007] The fertilizer formula can be obtained by mixing the components evenly.

[0008] This compound fertilizer is designed to address the nutrient loss caused by soil texture and aggregate damage due to flooding stress, as mentioned in the background technology (1)(2)(3), and to reduce root absorption activity. It is a post-flood recovery compound fertilizer designed to promote growth. The nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in the compound fertilizer can replenish the nutrients lost in the soil and meet the fertilizer needs of rice recovery and growth after flooding. The appropriate ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers can promote the synergistic absorption and utilization of fertilizers by the roots. The biochar in the compound fertilizer can improve soil texture and permeability, adsorb more nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers for root absorption and utilization. The microbial fertilizer in the compound fertilizer can replenish the microorganisms in the soil, regulate the ratio of anaerobic and aerobic microorganisms, enhance root absorption activity, and promote the absorption and utilization of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers by the roots.

[0009] As a preferred option, the above-mentioned rice seedling stage flood-induced growth-promoting and recovery formula fertilizer includes:

[0010] Nitrogen fertilizer 42%-48%, phosphorus fertilizer 22%-28%, biochar 12%-18%, microbial fertilizer 12%-18%.

[0011] As a preferred option, in the above-mentioned rice seedling stage flood-induced growth and recovery formula fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer is urea.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, in the above-mentioned rice seedling stage flood-induced growth and recovery formula fertilizer, the total nitrogen content of the nitrogen fertilizer is ≥46.0wt%; and the particle size of the nitrogen fertilizer is 1.18mm-3.35mm.

[0013] According to one specific embodiment of the present invention, the nitrogen fertilizer is urea provided by Jinkai with a total nitrogen content ≥46.0wt% and a particle size of 1.18mm-3.35mm, which complies with the standard GB / T2440-2017.

[0014] As a preferred option, in the above-mentioned rice seedling stage flood-induced growth and recovery formula fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer is superphosphate.

[0015] As a preferred option, the above-mentioned rice seedling stage flood-induced growth and recovery formula fertilizer contains the following phosphate fertilizer: available phosphorus P2O5 ≥ 16 wt%; water-soluble phosphorus P2O5 ≥ 11 wt%; sulfur ≥ 8 wt%; and calcium ≥ 12 wt%.

[0016] According to one specific embodiment of the present invention, the phosphate fertilizer is a superphosphate phosphate fertilizer provided by Hubei Fengle Fertilizer Co., Ltd., which has the following performance standards: available phosphorus P2O5 ≥ 16wt%, water-soluble phosphorus P2O5 ≥ 11wt%, sulfur ≥ 8wt%, and calcium ≥ 12wt%.

[0017] As a preferred option, in the above-mentioned rice seedling stage flood-induced growth and recovery formula fertilizer, the biochar is rice husk char.

[0018] As a preferred option, in the above-mentioned rice seedling stage flood-induced growth and recovery formula fertilizer, the biochar includes carbon, potassium, silicon dioxide, and metal oxides.

[0019] According to one specific embodiment of the present invention, the biochar provided by Linya is rice husk char with the execution standard NY / T 3041-2016, whose main component is carbon, and also contains potassium, as well as a small amount of silicon dioxide, metal oxides (such as potassium oxide, sodium oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, etc.).

[0020] As a preferred embodiment, in the above-mentioned rice seedling stage flood-promoting and recovery formula fertilizer, the organic matter of the microbial fertilizer is ≥70wt%.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment, in the above-mentioned rice seedling stage flood-induced growth and recovery formula fertilizer, the microbial fertilizer includes Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Trichoderma harzianum; the effective viable count of the microbial fertilizer is ≥300 million / g.

[0022] According to one specific embodiment of the present invention, the microbial fertilizer is a microbial fertilizer provided by CaiLeZhi with an effective viable count of ≥300 million / g, organic matter ≥70wt%, and bacterial types including Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Trichoderma harzianum, which meets the execution standard NY884-2012.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0024] The rice seedling post-flood recovery fertilizer provided by this invention has simple ingredients, significant effects, convenient and flexible application, and wide environmental adaptability.

[0025] The rice seedling stage flood-induced growth-promoting and recovery formula fertilizer provided by this invention has good regulatory effects on rice plant height (PH), tiller number (TN), specific leaf weight (SLW), and leaf area index (LAI).

[0026] The rice seedling stage flood-induced growth-promoting and recovery formula fertilizer provided by this invention has good results in regulating rice biomass;

[0027] The rice seedling recovery fertilizer formula provided by this invention has good results in regulating the light energy utilization efficiency of rice.

[0028] The rice seedling recovery fertilizer provided by this invention has good regulatory effects on rice MDA, Pro and soluble sugars.

[0029] The rice seedling recovery fertilizer provided by this invention has good regulatory effects on SOD, POD and CAT in rice.

[0030] The rice seedling recovery fertilizer provided by this invention has good regulatory effects on rice yield and yield composition.

[0031] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and in order to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention are described below. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 The study showed the effects of various growth-promoting and recovery fertilizers on rice plant height (PH), tiller number (TN), specific leaf weight (SLW), and leaf area index (LAI) under waterlogging stress during the seedling stage.

[0033] Figure 2 The results of the regulation of rice biomass by various growth-promoting and recovery fertilizers under flooding during the seedling stage are shown.

[0034] Figure 3 The results of regulating the light energy utilization efficiency of rice under various growth-promoting and recovery fertilizers during the seedling stage flooding stress are shown.

[0035] Figure 4 The study showed the regulatory effects of various growth-promoting and recovery fertilizers on MDA, Pro, and soluble sugars in rice under flooding conditions during the seedling stage.

[0036] Figure 5 The results show the regulatory effects of various growth-promoting and recovery fertilizers on SOD, POD, and CAT in rice under waterlogging stress during the seedling stage;

[0037] Figure 6 The study demonstrates the regulatory effects of various growth-promoting and recovery fertilizers on rice yield and yield composition under flooding conditions during the seedling stage. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The following description provides numerous specific details to offer a more thorough understanding of the technical solutions provided by this invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the technical solutions provided by this invention can be implemented without one or more of these details.

[0039] In the embodiments and comparative examples of this invention, percentages refer to mass percentages.

[0040] In this invention's test example, the Nanjing 9108 rice variety was used as the material. The experimental field was prepared with raised beds and ridges for flooding. Each plot was 8m long and 3m wide. All rice varieties were sown on June 22nd and transplanted on July 21st, with a seedling age of 30 days. Double-row transplanting was used, with a plant spacing of 15×30cm. The total nitrogen fertilizer application rate throughout the growth period was 200kg / ha. -1Urea was applied as base fertilizer, tillering fertilizer, and panicle fertilizer in a 4:3:3 ratio. Ten days after transplanting, the seedlings were flooded to a depth of 2 / 3 (approximately 10cm, moderate flooding) for 5 days. After flooding, a mixed fertilizer (growth-promoting and recovery formula) in nine different proportions was applied. This formula consisted of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), biochar, and microbial fertilizer in specific proportions, with urea (N content ≥46.0%) applied at a rate of 150 kg / ha. -1 The phosphate fertilizer is superphosphate (available phosphorus P2O5 ≥ 16%, water-soluble phosphorus P2O5 ≥ 11%, and medium-quantity elements ≥ 20% (sulfur ≥ 8%, calcium ≥ 12%)), with an application rate of 100 kg / ha. -1 Biochar (rice husk charcoal made from burnt rice husks) application rate: 200 kg / ha -1 Microbial fertilizer (effective live bacteria count ≥300 million / g, organic matter ≥70%, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Trichoderma harzianum). Application rate: 100g m -2 The randomized block design was repeated 3 times, with each plot lasting 24 minutes. 2 Immediately after treatment, fertilizer was applied. Samples were taken 15 days after treatment and at each growth stage to measure relevant indicators and parameters. After treatment, the treatment group maintained a 3-5 cm water layer, similar to the control group, and implemented meticulous management, including timely weeding and pest and disease prevention. The specific information of each fertilizer in the embodiments and comparative examples of this invention is shown in the table below:

[0041] Table 1

[0042]

[0043] Example 1

[0044] F3: N fertilizer: P fertilizer: biochar: microbial fertilizer = 45%: 25%: 15%: 15%.

[0045] Comparative Example 1

[0046] CK: Overall control without flooding, using conventional fertilizer management.

[0047] Comparative Example 2

[0048] F0: Control group of plants subjected to flood stress without the application of growth-promoting and recovery fertilizer.

[0049] Comparative Example 3

[0050] F1: N fertilizer: P fertilizer: biochar: microbial fertilizer = 25%: 25%: 25%: 25%

[0051] Comparative Example 4

[0052] F2: N fertilizer: P fertilizer: biochar: microbial fertilizer = 35%: 25%: 20%: 20%.

[0053] Comparative Example 5

[0054] F4: N fertilizer: P fertilizer: biochar: microbial fertilizer = 55%: 25%: 10%: 10%.

[0055] Comparative Example 6

[0056] F5: N fertilizer: P fertilizer: biochar: microbial fertilizer = 65%: 25%: 5%: 5%.

[0057] Comparative Example 7

[0058] F6: N fertilizer: P fertilizer: biochar: microbial fertilizer = 75%: 25%: 0%: 0%.

[0059] Comparative Example 8

[0060] F7: N fertilizer: P fertilizer: biochar: microbial fertilizer = 55%: 35%: 5%: 5%.

[0061] Comparative Example 9

[0062] F8: N fertilizer: P fertilizer: biochar: microbial fertilizer = 45%: 45%: 5%: 5%.

[0063] Comparative Example 10

[0064] F9: N fertilizer: P fertilizer: biochar: microbial fertilizer = 35%: 55%: 5%: 5%.

[0065] Test Example 1: Regulation of rice root system under waterlogging stress in the seedling stage by different proportions of growth-promoting and recovery fertilizers

[0066] Under waterlogging stress during the seedling stage, different types and proportions of fertilizers had significant regulatory effects on rice root systems (Table 2). Compared with the control group without waterlogging, root length, root surface area, root volume, and root wound flow were significantly decreased under waterlogging conditions (P<0.05). Compared with the control group without fertilization under waterlogging stress, each fertilization treatment had significant regulatory and mitigating effects on rice root morphology under waterlogging stress. In each fertilization treatment group, root length, root surface area, root volume, and root wound flow were significantly increased (P<0.05). Among them, the F3 treatment had the best regulatory effect on root length, root surface area, and root wound flow intensity, increasing by 60.8%, 40.0%, and 85.3% respectively compared with the F0 treatment; the F5 treatment had the most significant regulatory effect on root volume and diameter, increasing by 57.7% and 13.8% respectively compared with the F0 treatment (P<0.05).

[0067] Table 2. Regulation of rice root morphology by various growth-promoting and recovery fertilizers during seedling flooding.

[0068]

[0069] Note: Data in the table are mean ± standard deviation. Different lowercase letters in the table indicate that the differences between treatments in the same column are significant at the P < 0.05 level.

[0070] Test Example 2: Regulation of growth phenotypes in rice seedlings under waterlogging stress by different proportions of growth-promoting and recovery fertilizers

[0071] Waterlogging stress significantly affected plant height, tiller number, LAI (plant area index), and SLW (strain length wedge) in rice (Table 3). Compared with the control CK (non-waterlogged), plant height, tiller number, and LAI were significantly decreased in the F0 group under waterlogging, while SLW was significantly increased (P<0.05). Fertilizer treatments significantly alleviated waterlogging stress. Compared with the unfertilized control F0, the growth phenotypes of each fertilizer treatment group under waterlogging stress were significantly different (P<0.05). Among them, plant height, tiller number, and LAI were significantly increased in the F3 treatment and reached their maximum values, increasing by 15.2%, 16.7%, and 25.0% respectively compared with the F0 treatment; while the SLW values ​​were the largest in the F4 and F5 treatments, increasing by 22.7% and 24.2% respectively compared with the F0 treatment (P<0.05). Figure 1 ).

[0072] Table 3. Regulation of rice plant height (PH), tiller number (TN), leaf area index (LAI), and specific leaf weight (SLW) by various growth-promoting and recovery fertilizers under waterlogging stress during the seedling stage.

[0073]

[0074]

[0075] Note: Data in the table are mean ± standard deviation. Different lowercase letters in the table indicate that the differences between treatments in the same column are significant at the P < 0.05 level.

[0076] Test Example 3: Regulation of biomass accumulation in rice seedlings under waterlogging stress by different proportions of growth-promoting and recovery fertilizers

[0077] Flooding stress and fertilizer treatment had significant effects on rice biomass (P<0.05, Table 4). Compared with the control (CK), the stem biomass, leaf biomass, and total biomass of F0 were all significantly reduced under flooding stress (P<0.05). Compared with F0, fertilization treatments significantly regulated rice biomass under flood stress (P<0.05). Specifically, F3 treatment showed the highest stem biomass, increasing by 48.7% compared to F0; F5 treatment showed the highest leaf biomass, followed by F3, increasing by 38.3% and 32.6% respectively compared to F0; F3 treatment also showed the highest total biomass, increasing by 42.6% compared to F0. Furthermore, F5 and F6 treatments exhibited significant regulatory effects on rice biomass under flood stress, increasing by 38.2% and 35.0% respectively compared to F0. In contrast, F1 and F8 treatments showed poor biomass regulation, decreasing both leaf and total biomass (P<0.05). Figure 2 ).

[0078] Table 4. Effects of various growth-promoting and recovery fertilizers on stem dry weight (SDW), leaf dry weight (LDW), and biomass (BIO) of rice under waterlogging stress during the seedling stage.

[0079]

[0080] Test Example 4: Regulation of light energy utilization efficiency in rice seedlings under waterlogging stress by different proportions of growth-promoting and recovery fertilizers

[0081] Waterlogging stress during the seedling stage significantly affected the light use efficiency (RUE) of rice. Compared with the control (CK), the SPAD, light interception rate (LI), and RUE of rice seedlings (F0) were all significantly decreased under waterlogging stress (P<0.05). Figure 3 Compared with F0, fertilizer treatments significantly regulated SPAD, light interception rate, and RUE in rice under flood stress (P<0.05). Treatment F9 showed the best effect in increasing SPAD, followed by F4 and F8, increasing it by 22.7%, 18.6%, and 18.2% respectively compared to F0. Treatments F1 and F5 showed the lowest SPAD values, decreasing them by 2.2% and 1.9% respectively compared to F0 (P<0.05). Regarding light interception rate, treatment F3 had the highest rate at 52.13%, significantly higher than the other treatments (P<0.05); group F7 had the lowest rate at 22.15%. Regarding the regulation of RUE, except for the F8 treatment group, all other treatments improved the RUE of rice under flood stress; among them, the F5 treatment group had the highest light energy utilization rate of 0.68 g MJ-1, followed by F3 (0.65 g MJ-1) and F6 (0.66 g MJ-1); the RUE of the F1, F2, F4 and F7 treatments ranged from 0.45 to 0.58 g MJ-1 (P<0.05, Table 5).

[0082] Table 5. Regulation of light energy utilization efficiency of rice by various growth-promoting and recovery fertilizers under flooding conditions during the seedling stage.

[0083]

[0084] Note: LI, Light Interception rate; IR, Interception radiation; RUE, Radiation Use Efficiency. Data in the table are mean ± standard deviation. Different lowercase letters in the table indicate significant differences between treatments at the P < 0.05 level within the same column.

[0085] Test Example 5: Regulation of physiological characteristics of rice seedlings under waterlogging stress by different proportions of growth-promoting and recovery fertilizers

[0086] Membrane lipid peroxidation products and osmotic modifiers

[0087] Flooding stress and different fertilizer treatments significantly affected the content of membrane lipid peroxidation products and osmotic regulators in rice. Figure 4 Under flood stress, MDA content increased sharply; different fertilizer treatments significantly alleviated the harm of flood stress, resulting in a significant decrease in MDA content, with F3 showing the best regulatory effect and the lowest MDA content. Propylene (Pro) content increased significantly under flood stress, and fertilizer treatment enhanced Pro synthesis, leading to an increase in Pro and alleviating stress. The highest Pro content was observed in treatment F3, followed by F5 and F7. Soluble sugar content decreased under flood stress, but fertilizer treatment significantly increased soluble sugar content, with the highest soluble sugar content observed in treatment F3, followed by F4 and F9 (P<0.05). Figure 4 ).

[0088] Antioxidant enzyme activity

[0089] Flooding stress significantly affects the activity of antioxidant enzymes in rice. Under flooding stress, the activities of three protective enzymes, SOD, POD, and CAT, are now increased. Figure 5 (P<0.05). Different proportions of fertilizer treatments after flooding significantly increased the activity of protective enzymes, with the F3 treatment showing the best effect on increasing SOD and POD, while the F1 treatment showed the highest CAT activity. Figure 5 (P<0.05).

[0090] Test Example 6: Regulation of Yield Formation in Rice Under Flooding Stress at the Seedling Stage by Different Proportions of Growth-Promoting and Recovery Fertilizers

[0091] Waterlogging stress during the seedling stage significantly affected rice yield and its components. Compared with the control (CK), the number of panicles per unit area, number of grains per panicle, seed setting rate, and yield of the F0 variety were all significantly decreased under waterlogging stress (P<0.05). Figure 6Compared with F0, all fertilization treatments had significant positive regulatory effects on yield and yield components of rice under flood stress. Among them, the F3 treatment had the best regulatory effect on the number of panicles per unit area, the number of grains per panicle, the thousand-grain weight, and the yield, increasing them by 21.7%, 17.5%, 6.9%, and 33.5% respectively compared with F0. The F9 and F8 treatments had the next best regulatory effect on yield, while the F7 treatment had the worst effect (Table 6, P<0.05).

[0092] Table 6. Regulation of Rice Yield and Yield Composition by Various Growth-Promoting and Recovery Fertilizers under Seedling Stage Flooding

[0093]

[0094] Note: Data in the table are mean ± standard deviation. Different lowercase letters in the table indicate that the differences between treatments in the same column are significant at the P < 0.05 level.

[0095] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A compound fertilizer for promoting growth and recovery of rice seedlings after flooding, characterized in that, The formulated fertilizer comprises, by weight percentage: Nitrogen fertilizer 40%-50%, phosphorus fertilizer 20%-30%, biochar 10%-20%, microbial fertilizer 10%-20%; The biochar is rice husk char. The organic matter content of the microbial fertilizer is ≥70wt%; the microbial species in the microbial fertilizer include Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Trichoderma harzianum; and the effective viable count of the microbial fertilizer is ≥300 million / g.

2. The rice seedling stage flood-induced growth-promoting and recovery formula fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The formulated fertilizer includes: Nitrogen fertilizer 42%-48%, phosphorus fertilizer 22%-28%, biochar 12%-18%, microbial fertilizer 12%-18%.

3. The rice seedling stage flood-induced growth-promoting and recovery formula fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The nitrogen fertilizer mentioned is urea.

4. The rice seedling stage flood-induced growth-promoting and recovery formula fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The total nitrogen content of the nitrogen fertilizer is ≥46.0wt%; the particle size of the nitrogen fertilizer is 1.18mm-3.35mm.

5. The rice seedling stage flood-induced growth-promoting and recovery formula fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The phosphate fertilizer is superphosphate.

6. The rice seedling stage flood-induced growth-promoting and recovery formula fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The phosphate fertilizer contains: available phosphorus (P2O5) ≥ 16 wt%; water-soluble phosphorus (P2O5) ≥ 11 wt%; sulfur ≥ 8 wt%; and calcium ≥ 12 wt%.

7. The rice seedling stage flood-induced growth-promoting and recovery formula fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The biochar comprises carbon, potassium, silicon dioxide, and metal oxides.

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