A self-cleaning, anti-clogging intelligent pulse shotcrete machine

Abstract

This invention provides a self-cleaning, anti-clogging intelligent pulse shotcrete machine, relating to the field of construction machinery technology. It includes a nozzle and a pipe. The nozzle is cylindrical with an inlet and an outlet at its two ends. The pipe is connected to the inlet to deliver shotcrete into the nozzle. The shotcrete can flow alternately along a first path and a second path towards the outlet within the nozzle. A first cylinder and a second cylinder are spaced apart axially within the nozzle. The first path is from inside the first cylinder to outside the second cylinder, and the second path is from outside the first cylinder to inside the second cylinder. The shotcrete flows from inside the first cylinder to outside the second cylinder, or from outside the first cylinder to inside the second cylinder, to flush and clean the aggregate deposited outside the first cylinder, outside the second cylinder, and between them at the bottom of the nozzle. This reduces the amount of aggregate deposited at the bottom of the nozzle, lowering the probability of pipe diameter reduction and increased pressure loss due to long-term accumulation, thereby preventing clogging and delays in construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of construction machinery technology, and in particular to a self-cleaning, anti-clogging intelligent pulse shotcrete machine. Background Technology

[0002] Shotcrete machines, widely used in construction, mining, and tunneling, are based on the technology of using compressed air or a power system to spray concrete, mortar, and other mixtures at high speed onto the construction surface for purposes such as support, reinforcement, or surface covering. Shotcrete machines mainly include dry shotcrete machines and wet shotcrete machines. Dry shotcrete machines transport dry or low-moisture aggregates and cement to the nozzle via compressed air, where they are mixed with water (or liquid containing admixtures) and sprayed at high speed. Wet shotcrete machines pre-mix aggregates, cement, and water into a uniformly proportioned wet concrete mixture, which is then pumped to the nozzle and mixed with a binder. High-pressure compressed air is then introduced to propel the concrete into a high-speed jet onto the target surface. Compared to dry shotcrete machines, wet shotcrete machines generate lower dust concentrations and have lower rebound rates during construction. Furthermore, because the water-cement ratio is controlled throughout the process, the sprayed layer has higher density and more stable strength.

[0003] Existing wet spraying machines mostly adopt a continuous conveying mode, and the aggregates in the slurry (such as sand, gravel, and steel fibers) are prone to deposit in the nozzle. Long-term accumulation will lead to a reduction in pipe diameter, an increase in pressure loss, and even blockage, affecting the construction progress.

[0004] The information disclosed in the background section of this invention is intended only to enhance the understanding of the general background of this invention, and should not be construed as an admission or in any way implying that such information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a self-cleaning and anti-clogging intelligent pulse shotcrete machine to address the problems existing in current shotcrete machines.

[0006] The above objectives are achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A self-cleaning, anti-clogging intelligent pulse shotcrete machine includes a nozzle and a pipe. The nozzle is cylindrical with an inlet and an outlet at its two ends, respectively. The pipe is connected to the inlet to deliver slurry into the nozzle. The slurry can flow alternately along a first path and a second path towards the outlet within the nozzle. A first cylinder and a second cylinder are spaced apart axially within the nozzle. The first path runs from inside the first cylinder to outside the second cylinder, and the second path runs from outside the first cylinder to inside the second cylinder.

[0008] Furthermore, both the inner and outer surfaces of the first cylinder and the inner and outer surfaces of the second cylinder are provided with opening and closing components, which can switch between an open state and a closed state. When the opening and closing component outside the first cylinder is in the closed state, the opening and closing component inside the first cylinder is in the open state, the opening and closing component outside the second cylinder is in the open state, and the opening and closing component inside the second cylinder is in the closed state, and the slurry flows towards the discharge end along the first path within the nozzle. When the opening and closing component outside the first cylinder is in the open state, the opening and closing component inside the first cylinder is in the closed state, the opening and closing component outside the second cylinder is in the closed state, and the opening and closing component inside the second cylinder is in the open state, and the slurry flows towards the discharge end along the second path within the nozzle.

[0009] Furthermore, the opening and closing assembly includes a plurality of plates evenly spaced along the circumference of the nozzle, the plates being rotatably mounted on the first cylinder or the second cylinder, the rotation axis of the plates being along the radial direction of the nozzle, and all the plates being able to rotate synchronously; when the plates rotate, the opening and closing assembly can switch between a closed state and an open state.

[0010] Furthermore, the nozzle is provided with an air inlet, which is connected to an external air source for intermittently supplying high-pressure gas into the nozzle at a preset frequency.

[0011] Furthermore, the inner wall of the nozzle is provided with a first guide vane and a second guide vane, both of which are spiral in shape. Multiple first guide vanes and second guide vanes are equally spaced along the circumference of the nozzle. The first guide vane is located outside the first cylinder, and the second guide vane is located outside the second cylinder.

[0012] Furthermore, the first guide vane and the second guide vane rotate in opposite directions.

[0013] Furthermore, both the first guide vane and the second guide vane have a guide slope formed at the end near the feed end.

[0014] Furthermore, the nozzle includes a first section, a second section, and a third section that are coaxially arranged and detachably connected in sequence. The feed end is located in the first section, the discharge end is located in the third section, the opening and closing assembly is located in the second section, the first cylinder extends from the second section to the first section, and the second cylinder extends from the second section to the third section.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes a first driving unit and a second driving unit, wherein the first driving unit is used to rotate the second driving unit about a horizontal axis, the second driving unit is connected to a base and is used to rotate the base about a vertical axis, and the nozzle is disposed on the base.

[0016] Furthermore, the base is connected to the pipe, the pipe is made of a soft material, and the base is provided with a third drive unit, which is used to move the nozzle along a preset trajectory, the preset trajectory being a conical surface, and the movement range of the discharge end being greater than the movement range of the feed end.

[0017] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0018] (1) The slurry can flow alternately along the first path and the second path to the discharge end in the nozzle. The slurry flows from the first cylinder to the second cylinder, or from the first cylinder to the second cylinder, so as to generate a flushing cleaning effect on the aggregate deposited at the bottom of the nozzle outside the first cylinder, outside the second cylinder, and between the two, thereby reducing the amount of aggregate deposited at the bottom of the nozzle and reducing the probability of pipe diameter reduction and pressure loss caused by long-term accumulation, thereby avoiding blockage and affecting the construction progress.

[0019] (2) During the above-mentioned alternating flow process, the slurry, aggregate and binder entering from the outside can be fully mixed.

[0020] (3) When the slurry flows outside the first cylinder and the second cylinder, the spiral first guide vane and the second guide vane generate a spiral turbulence effect on the slurry, causing the slurry to generate vortex motion. The slurry generates a spiral scouring effect on the aggregate deposited at the bottom of the nozzle, further reducing the amount of aggregate deposited at the bottom of the nozzle.

[0021] (4) The alternating flow of the slurry, the continuous rotation of the plate, and the setting of the guide slope can all clean the steel fibers in the slurry and prevent the steel fibers in the slurry from clogging the nozzle. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the self-cleaning and anti-clogging intelligent pulse shotcrete machine of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The front view;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the nozzle structure in the self-cleaning and anti-clogging intelligent pulse shotcrete machine of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure after being cut along plane A;

[0026] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A magnified view of a section at point C;

[0027] Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing the connection between the plate and the first or second cylinder;

[0028] Figure 7 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure after being cut along plane B;

[0029] Figure 8 for Figure 4 A structural diagram of the first section.

[0030] in:

[0031] 100. Nozzle; 101. Pipe; 102. Feed orifice; 103. First section; 104. Second section; 105. Third section; 106. Nozzle;

[0032] 201. First cylinder; 202. Second cylinder; 203. Plate; 204. Drive motor; 205. Outer cylinder; 206. Spur gear ring; 207. Spur gear; 208. Bevel gear ring; 209. Bevel gear; 210. Air inlet; 211. First guide vane; 212. Second guide vane; 213. Guide slope;

[0033] 301. First drive unit; 302. Second drive unit; 303. Third drive unit; 304. Base; 305. Pipe rack; 306. Motion frame; 307. Connecting plate; 308. Universal joint; 309. Disc; 310. Pull pin; 311. Through hole. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below through embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0035] The component designations used in this document, such as "first" and "second," are merely for distinguishing the described objects and do not have any sequential or technical meaning. The terms "connection" and "linkage" used in this invention, unless otherwise specified, include both direct and indirect connections (linkages). In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.

[0036] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0037] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a self-cleaning and anti-clogging intelligent pulse shotcrete machine (hereinafter referred to as shotcrete machine), including a nozzle 100 and a pipe 101. The nozzle 100 is cylindrical with an inlet end and an outlet end at its two ends, respectively. The pipe 101 is connected to the inlet end to deliver slurry into the nozzle 100. The slurry can flow alternately towards the outlet end along a first path and a second path within the nozzle 100. A first cylinder 201 and a second cylinder 202 are spaced apart along the axial direction within the nozzle 100. The first path is from inside the first cylinder 201 to outside the second cylinder 202, and the second path is from outside the first cylinder 201 to inside the second cylinder 202.

[0038] The slurry can flow alternately along the first path and the second path towards the discharge end within the nozzle 100. The slurry flows from inside the first cylinder 201 to outside the second cylinder 202, or from outside the first cylinder 201 to inside the second cylinder 202, thereby generating a flushing cleaning effect on the aggregates (such as sand, gravel, and steel fibers) deposited at the bottom of the nozzle 100 outside the first cylinder 201, outside the second cylinder 202, and between the two. This reduces the amount of aggregate deposited at the bottom of the nozzle 100, lowers the probability of pipe diameter reduction and pressure loss caused by long-term accumulation, and thus avoids blockage and affects the construction progress.

[0039] The nozzle 100 has two feed holes 102 on its sidewall for conveying adhesive into the nozzle 100. These two feed holes 102 are located outside the first cylinder 201 and the second cylinder 202, respectively. During the alternating flow of the slurry, the slurry, aggregate, and adhesive entering from the outside can be thoroughly mixed. Wet-mixed shotcrete is prone to rebound (material detachment) when sprayed at high speed onto the target surface. Adding adhesive to the slurry increases its cohesiveness and adhesion, making the concrete particles bond more tightly, reducing the rebound rate, and improving slurry utilization. Simultaneously, the adhesive can improve the early strength and interfacial adhesion of the slurry, reduce dust pollution, and improve the working environment.

[0040] Wherein, "from inside the first cylinder 201 to outside the second cylinder 202" means from inside the first cylinder 201 to between the outer wall of the second cylinder 202 and the inner wall of the nozzle 100; "from outside the first cylinder 201 to inside the second cylinder 202" means from between the outer wall of the first cylinder 201 and the inner wall of the nozzle 100 to inside the first cylinder 201.

[0041] In this process, steel fibers are incorporated into wet-mixed shotcrete. The randomly distributed steel fibers work synergistically with the concrete matrix to enhance the flexural toughness, post-cracking strength, and impact resistance of the sprayed layer. This also improves its adaptability to uneven surfaces and reduces the required layer thickness. During the flow of the slurry, the steel fibers may clump at the ends of the first cylinder 201 or the second cylinder 202. However, because the slurry flows alternately along the first and second paths, the steel fibers do not clump onto the ends of the first or second cylinder 201. For example, in the first cylinder 201, the alternating flow of slurry inside and outside the first cylinder 201 generates alternating tension on the ends of the steel fibers clung to it. This causes the steel fibers to detach and flow with the slurry, thus providing a self-cleaning effect and preventing blockage at the ends of the first or second cylinder 201 or the second cylinder 202.

[0042] Multiple ultrasonic transducers can be evenly spaced on the outer wall of the nozzle 100, and equipped with a power supply and controller for start-up and shutdown. When the machine stops, the ultrasonic transducers automatically start for a certain period of time to enter the cleaning mode, vibrating the nozzle 100 to further prevent clogging. The ultrasonic transducer frequency is not less than 40kHz, and the power is not less than 60W. The structure and working principle of the ultrasonic transducer are existing technologies and will not be described in detail here.

[0043] The wet-mix shotcrete machine also includes a drive unit, rotor assembly, vibrating hopper, and air duct system. After foreign matter is removed by the vibrating hopper, the pre-mixed concrete is injected into the rotor chamber by a feeder. The rotating rotor moves the chamber to the outlet, and compressed air blows the material into a hydrocyclone to accelerate its rotation, creating a thin flow. This material is then mixed with a quick-setting agent and conveyed to the nozzle 100, where the spraying process is performed. The structure and working principle of the wet-mix shotcrete machine are existing technologies and will not be elaborated upon here. The quick-setting agent is a concrete admixture that adjusts the setting time to shorten the slurry's setting time and improve its early strength.

[0044] In one embodiment, opening and closing components are provided both inside and outside the first cylinder 201 and inside and outside the second cylinder 202. The opening and closing components can switch between an open state and a closed state. When the opening and closing component outside the first cylinder 201 is in the closed state, the opening and closing component inside the first cylinder 201 is in the open state, the opening and closing component outside the second cylinder 202 is in the open state, and the opening and closing component inside the second cylinder 202 is in the closed state. The slurry flows towards the discharge end along the first path in the nozzle 100. When the opening and closing component outside the first cylinder 201 is in the open state, the opening and closing component inside the first cylinder 201 is in the closed state, the opening and closing component outside the second cylinder 202 is in the closed state, and the opening and closing component inside the second cylinder 202 is in the open state. The slurry flows towards the discharge end along the second path in the nozzle 100.

[0045] The opening and closing components switch between open and closed states, causing the first path and the second path to alternately form a passage, thereby enabling the slurry to flow alternately along the first path and the second path towards the discharge end within the nozzle 100. Specifically, the opening and closing state of the opening and closing components outside the first cylinder 201 is opposite to that of the opening and closing components inside the first cylinder 201, and opposite to that of the opening and closing components outside the second cylinder 202, but the same as that of the opening and closing components inside the second cylinder 202.

[0046] Understandably, slurry tends to flow along the path of least resistance. Therefore, when one part of the opening and closing component blocks the passage of the first path, another part of the opening and closing component opens the passage of the second path, and the slurry will flow along the second path. Similarly, when another part of the opening and closing component blocks the passage of the second path, a part of the opening and closing component opens the passage of the first path, and the slurry will flow along the first path.

[0047] In one embodiment, see Figures 4 to 7 The opening and closing assembly includes multiple plates 203 that are equally spaced along the circumference of the nozzle 100. The plates 203 are rotatably mounted on the first cylinder 201 or the second cylinder 202. The axis of rotation of the plates 203 is along the radial direction of the nozzle 100, and all the plates 203 can rotate synchronously. When the plates 203 rotate, the opening and closing assembly can switch between a closed state and an open state.

[0048] The radial rotation of the plate 203 around the nozzle 100 controls the opening and closing assembly to be in an open or closed state. Specifically, for an opening and closing assembly, when adjacent plates 203 rotate until their edges move away from each other to form a gap, the opening and closing assembly is in an open state, and when adjacent plates 203 rotate until their edges move closer together to fit together, the opening and closing assembly is in a closed state.

[0049] When the slurry flows, the steel fibers in it will hang on the plate 203. However, due to the continuous rotation of the plate 203, the steel fibers hanging on the plate 203 are washed away by the continuously flowing slurry, thus having a self-cleaning effect on the steel fibers and preventing the steel fibers in the slurry from clogging the plate 203.

[0050] Among them, see Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 7 The shotcrete machine also includes a drive motor 204, equipped with a corresponding power supply and controller for starting and stopping. An outer cylinder 205 is rotatably mounted on the outer wall of the nozzle 100. Screws are threaded onto the outer cylinder 205. An annular groove is formed on the outer wall of the nozzle 100. The screws are screwed into the annular groove without being tightened, allowing the outer cylinder 205 to rotate outside the nozzle 100. The outer cylinder 205 is located between the first cylinder 201 and the second cylinder 202. A spur gear ring 206 is fixed in the middle of the outer cylinder 205. A spur gear 207 meshing with the spur gear ring 206 is fixed to the output end of the drive motor 204. Bevel gear rings 208 are fixed to both ends of the outer cylinder 205, and the gear parameters of the two bevel gears 209 are identical. Multiple bevel gears 209, all meshing with the bevel gear rings 208, are rotatably mounted on the nozzle 100. All bevel gears 209 have identical gear parameters. The plate 203 is fixed to the bevel gears 209 via its rotating shaft. The output end of the drive motor 204 drives the spur gear 207 to rotate, which in turn drives the spur gear ring 206, the outer cylinder 205 and the bevel gear ring 208 to rotate synchronously, and drives the bevel gear 209 and the plate 203 to rotate synchronously.

[0051] The first cylinder 201 and its opening and closing components have the same structure as the second cylinder 202 and its opening and closing components, except that the two are symmetrically arranged about the middle of the outer cylinder 205. Taking the first cylinder 201 as an example, its inner plate 203 and outer plate 203 are perpendicular to each other, and the two are fixed to the bevel gear 209 through a common rotating shaft, which also fixes the first cylinder 201 inside the nozzle 100.

[0052] The plate 203 is roughly fan-shaped, wider at the outside and narrower at the inside. When the opening / closing assembly is closed, it can block the passage inside or outside the first cylinder 201. It's worth noting that the plate 203 inside the first cylinder 201 needs to be fixed to the rotating shaft with bolts. Therefore, there is always a hole at the axis of the first cylinder 201. However, the flow rate of slurry through this hole is negligible compared to the flow rate of slurry inside the first cylinder 201 or outside the second cylinder 202. Furthermore, when the opening / closing assembly is closed, it is not necessary to ensure that the current path is completely closed; the aforementioned hole is permissible. For the plate 203 outside the first cylinder 201, its outer side can be an arc shape that matches the inner wall of the nozzle 100. The shape design of its inner side needs to avoid motion interference between the plate 203 and the outer wall of the first cylinder 201 when the plate 203 rotates. For example, its inner side can be straight, in which case the corresponding part of the first cylinder 201 or the second cylinder 202 should be a regular polygon.

[0053] In one embodiment, the nozzle 100 is provided with an air inlet 210, which is connected to an external air source for intermittently supplying high-pressure gas into the nozzle 100 at a preset frequency.

[0054] By supplying high-pressure gas into the nozzle 100 near the discharge end, the high-pressure gas drives the originally slow-flowing slurry to be ejected at high speed from the feed end. Since the high-pressure gas is ejected in intermittent pulses at a preset frequency, the slurry is pulsed out of the discharge end at the preset frequency, avoiding the collision and rebound of the slurry with the sprayed surface caused by continuous spraying, further reducing the rebound rate and improving the utilization rate of the slurry. Simultaneously, the high-pressure gas spraying onto the slurry interrupts the originally continuously flowing slurry, and the spaces between adjacent slurry particles are filled with high-pressure gas, intermittently generating impact force on the discharge end, thereby cleaning the discharge end.

[0055] The external air source can be a high-pressure air pump, equipped with a corresponding solenoid valve to control the intermittent ejection of high-pressure gas. It also includes a power supply and controller to control start-up, shutdown, and operating conditions. The high-pressure air pump and its auxiliary structures are existing technologies and will not be described in detail here.

[0056] In one embodiment, see Figure 4 , Figure 8 The inner wall of the nozzle 100 is provided with a first guide vane 211 and a second guide vane 212, both of which are spiral in shape. Multiple first guide vanes 211 and second guide vanes 212 are equally spaced along the circumference of the nozzle 100. The first guide vane 211 is located outside the first cylinder 201, and the second guide vane 212 is located outside the second cylinder 202.

[0057] The spiral-shaped first guide vane 211 and second guide vane 212 generate a spiral turbulence effect on the slurry, causing the slurry to generate vortex motion. The slurry generates a spiral scouring effect on the aggregate deposited at the bottom of the nozzle 100, further reducing the amount of aggregate deposited at the bottom of the nozzle 100.

[0058] The first guide vane 211 and the second guide vane 212 have a helix angle of 35° to 55°, a pitch of 1.2 to 1.8 times the inner diameter of the nozzle 100, and a height of 1 / 6 to 1 / 4 of the inner diameter of the nozzle 100. The inner diameter of the nozzle 100 is generally 50 to 150 mm. The first guide vane 211 and the second guide vane 212 are made of wear-resistant alloy steel and have a Teflon coating on their inner walls to reduce resistance during slurry flow, improve wear resistance, and extend the replacement cycle.

[0059] In one embodiment, the first guide vane 211 and the second guide vane 212 rotate in opposite directions to further intensify the turbulence effect on the slurry and improve the scouring effect on the aggregate deposited at the bottom of the nozzle 100.

[0060] The spacing between adjacent first guide vanes 211 and adjacent second guide vanes 212 may be equal or unequal, and no restriction is imposed here.

[0061] In one embodiment, both the first guide vane 211 and the second guide vane 212 have a guide slope 213 formed at the end near the feed end.

[0062] When the slurry flows, the steel fibers in it will get caught on the first guide plate 211 and the second guide plate 212 near the feed end. However, since the inclined direction of the guide slope 213 is along the flow direction of the slurry, it does not have an obstructive effect on the steel fibers. Therefore, the steel fibers will not get caught on the first guide plate 211 and the second guide plate 212 near the feed end, thus having a self-cleaning effect on the steel fibers and avoiding the blockage of the steel fibers in the slurry at the first guide plate 211 and the second guide plate 212 near the feed end.

[0063] The first guide vane 211 and the second guide vane 212 are formed from the inner wall of the nozzle 100 toward its center. At the guide slope 213, the thickness of the first guide vane 211 and the second guide vane 212 gradually increases from the feed end to the discharge end.

[0064] In one embodiment, see Figure 4 The nozzle 100 includes a first section 103, a second section 104, and a third section 105 that are coaxially arranged and detachably connected in sequence. The feed end is located in the first section 103, the discharge end is located in the third section 105, the opening and closing assembly is located in the second section 104, the first cylinder 201 extends from the second section 104 to the first section 103, and the second cylinder 202 extends from the second section 104 to the third section 105.

[0065] The nozzle 100 is designed with multiple detachable sections, making it easy to disassemble during installation and subsequent maintenance.

[0066] The third section 105 actually includes a nozzle 106, which is located at the end of the third section 105 away from the second section 104. The nozzle 106 gradually narrows from the second section 104 to the third section 105, with the discharge end located at the narrowing point of the nozzle 106. The first section 103, the second section 104, the third section 105, and the nozzle 106 are all connected by flanges for easy assembly and disassembly. The first cylinder 201 extends from the second section 104 to the first section 103, and the length of the first cylinder 201 is greater than the length of the first section 103; the second cylinder 202 extends from the second section 104 to the third section 105, and the length of the second cylinder 202 is greater than the length of the third section 105. In addition, the outer cylinder 205 is rotatably sleeved on the outside of the second section 104, with two material inlets located in the first section 103 and the third section 105 respectively, and the air inlet 210 located on the nozzle 106.

[0067] In one embodiment, see Figure 1 , Figure 2 It also includes a first drive unit 301 and a second drive unit 302. The first drive unit 301 is used to make the second drive unit 302 rotate around a horizontal axis. The second drive unit 302 is connected to a base 304 and is used to make the base 304 rotate around a vertical axis. The nozzle 100 is disposed on the base 304 to adjust the orientation of the nozzle 100.

[0068] The shotcrete machine also includes a frame, on which the first drive unit 301 and the second drive unit 302 are both mounted. Both are motors and are equipped with corresponding power supplies and controllers to control the start and stop.

[0069] In one embodiment, the base 304 is connected to the pipe 101, which is made of a soft material. The base 304 is provided with a third drive unit 303, which is used to move the nozzle 100 along a preset trajectory. The preset trajectory is a conical surface, and the movement amplitude of the discharge end is greater than that of the feed end.

[0070] The apex of the conical surface is the connection point between the pipe 101 and the base 304, the edge of the bottom surface of the conical surface is the movement trajectory of the feed end, the generatrix of the conical surface is the axis of the nozzle 100, and the height of the conical surface is the axis of movement of the nozzle 100. The nozzle 100 performs the above-described movement to generate a small swaying effect on the slurry inside the nozzle 100, so that the slurry is mixed evenly.

[0071] The third drive unit 303 is a motor, equipped with a corresponding power supply and controller for starting and stopping. The base 304 is C-shaped with its opening facing downwards, and the output end of the second drive unit 302 is fixed to the middle of the base 304. One end of the base 304 is provided with a pipe bracket 305, which is fitted onto the pipe 101. Below the base 304 is a moving frame 306, which is C-shaped with its opening facing upwards and interlocks with the base 304. The drive motor 204 is mounted on the moving frame 306, and a connecting plate 307 is provided between the middle of the moving frame 306 and the nozzle 100 to fix the nozzle 100 to the moving frame 306. The motion frame 306 has a first end and a second end. A universal joint 308 is provided between one end of the base 304 and the first end of the motion frame 306. The third drive unit 303 is fixed to the other end of the base 304. A disc 309 is fixed to the output end of the third drive unit 303. A pull pin 310 is eccentrically provided on the disc 309. A through hole 311 is opened at the second end of the motion frame 306. The pull pin 310 is inserted into the through hole 311, and the diameter of the through hole 311 is larger than the diameter of the pull pin 310. The output end of the third drive unit 303 drives the disc 309 to rotate coaxially, which in turn drives the pull pin 310 to rotate eccentrically. The pull pin 310 is inserted into the through hole 311 to drive the second end of the motion frame 306 to swing in a circular motion relative to its first end. The axis is the axis of the output end of the third drive unit 303. At the same time, the universal joint 308 allows the motion frame 306 to swing in this circular motion, thereby driving the nozzle 100 to move along a preset trajectory, i.e., the conical surface. Meanwhile, the pipe 101 at the pipe frame 305 adapts to the movement of the nozzle 100 and produces regular deformation.

[0072] In use, this invention delivers slurry into the nozzle 100 from the feed end through pipe 101. The output end of the drive motor 204 drives the spur gear 207 to rotate, which in turn drives the spur gear ring 206, outer cylinder 205, and bevel gear ring 208 to rotate synchronously, and drives the bevel gear 209 and plate 203 to rotate synchronously, thereby controlling the opening and closing components to be in an open or closed state. Specifically, when the opening and closing components outside the first cylinder 201 are in a closed state, the opening and closing components inside the first cylinder 201 are in a closed state, the opening and closing components outside the second cylinder 202 are in a closed state, and the slurry flows along a first path in the nozzle 100, that is, from inside the first cylinder 201 to outside the second cylinder 202, and flows towards the discharge end; when the opening and closing components outside the first cylinder 201 are in a closed state, the opening and closing components inside the first cylinder 201 are in a closed state, the opening and closing components outside the second cylinder 202 are in a closed state, and the second cylinder 202... The opening and closing components inside body 202 are in the open state, and the slurry flows along the second path inside the nozzle 100, that is, from the outside of the first cylinder 201 to the inside of the second cylinder 202, and flows towards the discharge end. This allows the slurry to flow alternately along the first path and the second path towards the discharge end inside the nozzle 100, so as to generate a flushing cleaning effect on the aggregate deposited outside the first cylinder 201, outside the second cylinder 202, and between the two at the bottom of the nozzle 100. This reduces the amount of aggregate deposited at the bottom of the nozzle 100, reduces the probability of pipe diameter reduction and pressure loss caused by long-term accumulation, and thus avoids blockage and affects the construction progress.

[0073] Furthermore, during the aforementioned alternating flow of the slurry, the slurry, aggregate, and binder entering from the outside can be thoroughly mixed. When the slurry flows outside the first cylinder 201 and the second cylinder 202, the spiral-shaped first guide vane 211 and second guide vane 212 create a spiral turbulence effect on the slurry, causing it to vortex. This creates a spiral scouring effect on the aggregate deposited at the bottom of the nozzle 100, further reducing the amount of aggregate deposited at the bottom of the nozzle 100. Moreover, the aforementioned alternating flow of the slurry, the continuous rotation of the plate 203, and the arrangement of the guide slope 213 all contribute to cleaning the steel fibers in the slurry, preventing blockage of the steel fibers within the nozzle 100.

[0074] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0075] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A self-cleaning anti-clogging intelligent pulse-type guniting machine, characterized in that, The device includes a nozzle and a pipe. The nozzle is cylindrical with an inlet and an outlet at its two ends. The pipe is connected to the inlet to deliver slurry into the nozzle. The slurry can flow alternately along a first path and a second path to the outlet within the nozzle. A first cylinder and a second cylinder are spaced apart axially inside the nozzle. The first path extends from inside the first cylinder to between the outer wall of the second cylinder and the inner wall of the nozzle. The second path extends from between the outer wall of the first cylinder and the inner wall of the nozzle to inside the second cylinder.

2. The self-cleaning, anti-clogging intelligent pulse shotcrete machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the inner and outer sides of the first cylindrical body and the inner and outer sides of the second cylindrical body are provided with opening and closing components, which can switch between an open state and a closed state; When the opening and closing component outside the first cylinder is in the closed state, the opening and closing component inside the first cylinder is in the open state, the opening and closing component outside the second cylinder is in the open state, and the opening and closing component inside the second cylinder is in the closed state, the slurry flows along the first path to the discharge end in the nozzle. When the opening and closing component outside the first cylinder is in the open state, the opening and closing component inside the first cylinder is in the closed state, the opening and closing component outside the second cylinder is in the closed state, and the opening and closing component inside the second cylinder is in the open state, the slurry flows along the second path to the discharge end within the nozzle.

3. The self-cleaning, anti-clogging intelligent pulse shotcrete machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The opening and closing assembly includes multiple plates evenly spaced along the circumference of the nozzle. The plates are rotatably mounted on the first cylinder or the second cylinder. The axis of rotation of the plates is along the radial direction of the nozzle, and all the plates can rotate synchronously. When the plates rotate, the opening and closing assembly can switch between a closed state and an open state.

4. The self-cleaning, anti-clogging intelligent pulse shotcrete machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nozzle is provided with an air inlet, which is connected to an external air source for intermittently supplying high-pressure gas into the nozzle at a preset frequency.

5. The self-cleaning, anti-clogging intelligent pulse shotcrete machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the nozzle is provided with a first guide vane and a second guide vane, both of which are spiral in shape. Multiple first guide vanes and second guide vanes are equally spaced along the circumference of the nozzle. The first guide vane is located outside the first cylinder, and the second guide vane is located outside the second cylinder.

6. The self-cleaning, anti-clogging intelligent pulse shotcrete machine according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first guide vane and the second guide vane rotate in opposite directions.

7. The self-cleaning, anti-clogging intelligent pulse shotcrete machine according to claim 5, characterized in that, Both the first guide vane and the second guide vane have a guide slope at the end near the feed end.

8. The self-cleaning, anti-clogging intelligent pulse shotcrete machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The nozzle includes a first section, a second section, and a third section that are coaxially arranged and detachably connected in sequence. The feed end is located in the first section, the discharge end is located in the third section, the opening and closing component is located in the second section, the first cylinder extends from the second section to the first section, and the second cylinder extends from the second section to the third section.

9. The self-cleaning, anti-clogging intelligent pulse shotcrete machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a first drive unit and a second drive unit. The first drive unit is used to rotate the second drive unit about a horizontal axis. The second drive unit is connected to a base and is used to rotate the base about a vertical axis. The nozzle is disposed on the base.

10. The self-cleaning, anti-clogging intelligent pulse shotcrete machine according to claim 9, characterized in that, The base is connected to the pipe, which is made of a soft material. A third drive unit is provided on the base. The third drive unit is used to move the nozzle along a preset trajectory. The preset trajectory is a conical surface, and the movement range of the discharge end is greater than that of the feed end.

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