A lightning protection monitoring and alarming system
By integrating multi-source data and performing dynamic threshold adjustment and grid division evaluation, the problems of data isolation and insufficient analysis capabilities of the lightning protection monitoring system have been solved, enabling accurate lightning protection decisions and safety protection, and improving the system's intelligent management level.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SICHUAN AOLING COMM ENG
- Filing Date
- 2025-10-11
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-21
AI Technical Summary
Existing lightning protection monitoring systems suffer from isolated data, weak analytical capabilities, and delayed decision-making. They are unable to adapt to differences in equipment and environments, leading to false alarms or missed alarms, and making it difficult to achieve refined and intelligent management.
By integrating multi-source data through the monitoring data analysis unit, dynamically adjusting thresholds, and combining environmental and equipment characteristics, in-depth analysis is performed to generate grounding anomaly and lightning risk analysis signals. The lightning risk analysis and processing unit then performs grid division and risk assessment to generate inspection decisions.
It enables multi-dimensional status judgment of the lightning protection system, reduces false alarms and missed alarms, improves judgment accuracy, provides comprehensive data support, supports dynamic adjustment of protection measures, and improves system security and resource utilization efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN120993098B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of lightning protection monitoring technology, specifically a lightning protection monitoring and alarm system. Background Technology
[0002] With the rapid development of infrastructure such as power systems, communication base stations, and high-rise buildings, the reliability requirements of lightning protection systems, as a key link in ensuring the safe operation of equipment, are increasing. Traditional lightning protection monitoring relies on regular manual inspections (such as manually measuring grounding resistance and visually inspecting lightning rods), which suffers from long monitoring cycles, data lag, and high labor costs. In recent years, although some lightning protection systems have introduced sensors and simple data acquisition technologies, they still have shortcomings such as isolated data (e.g., lightning parameters are not correlated with equipment status data), weak analytical capabilities (only threshold alarms can be implemented, and in-depth risk assessment is not possible), and delayed decision-making (it is impossible to dynamically adjust protective measures based on real-time risks). These shortcomings make it difficult to meet the refined and intelligent management needs of modern infrastructure for lightning protection systems.
[0003] According to patent application CN115878228B, an IoT-based intelligent lightning protection monitoring system is disclosed. This system collects lightning parameters and equipment grounding data to achieve real-time monitoring of lightning protection status and triggers an alarm when the data exceeds the limit. However, the system uses a fixed threshold to judge the lightning protection status, which cannot adapt to the differences in different equipment types (such as main transformers and ordinary cables) and different environments (such as humid areas and arid areas). This can easily lead to false alarms or missed alarms, resulting in excessive or insufficient protection measures. At the same time, the system does not fully consider the impact of the grounding facility adjustment and lightning risk response on the surrounding environment (such as soil pollution and electromagnetic interference) and equipment, which can easily cause secondary safety hazards or waste of resources. Summary of the Invention
[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a lightning protection monitoring and alarm system that solves the technical problem of insufficient data integration and in-depth analysis during lightning protection system monitoring, making it difficult to achieve accurate decision-making and safety protection.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a lightning protection monitoring and alarm system, comprising: The monitoring data analysis unit is used to analyze the multi-source data transmitted by the lightning protection monitoring data acquisition unit. Based on the lightning protection system status data, it determines the operation of the lightning protection system and generates a normal or abnormal signal for the lightning protection system. At the same time, it analyzes the latter to determine abnormal data and generates a grounding anomaly analysis signal or a lightning risk analysis signal, and then transmits the two signals respectively. The grounding anomaly analysis unit is used to process the acquired grounding anomaly analysis signals, acquire real-time data and standard data from historical data of lightning protection facilities, determine the impact of standard data on the surrounding environment and equipment, generate secondary adjustment information, and transmit it to the monitoring decision information output unit. The lightning risk analysis and processing unit is used to process the acquired lightning risk analysis signals, divide the monitoring area into grids and calculate the corresponding lightning risk intensity index and equipment vulnerability index, and calculate the grid comprehensive score based on the two. Based on this, the lightning risk level is determined. Then, the inspection drone flight path is generated according to the inspection uniformity constraint, and decision information is generated and transmitted to the monitoring decision information output unit.
[0006] As a further embodiment of the present invention, it also includes a lightning protection monitoring data acquisition unit and a monitoring decision information output unit; The lightning protection monitoring data acquisition unit is used to acquire multi-source data of the monitoring area, including lightning parameter data, lightning protection facility status data, environmental meteorological data, and equipment operation data. Among them, lightning parameter data includes lightning current amplitude, lightning current steepness, and lightning polarity; lightning protection facility status data includes equipment grounding resistance, cable insulation resistance, and surge protector aging degree; environmental meteorological data includes atmospheric electric field strength, ambient humidity, and wind speed; and equipment operation data includes the operating voltage and current of the protected equipment. The monitoring and decision information output unit is used to monitor and process the lightning protection system based on the generated decision information, including outputting alarm signals, lightning protection facility adjustment instructions, and inspection task instructions.
[0007] As a further aspect of the present invention, the specific method by which the monitoring data analysis unit generates normal or abnormal signals for the lightning protection system is as follows: Acquire the status data of the lightning protection system in the monitoring area, including equipment grounding resistance and cable insulation resistance, and compare them with normal thresholds. The normal thresholds are not fixed values, but are dynamically adjusted by the operator based on historical operating data, the type of protected equipment, and industry lightning protection standards. If the status data of the lightning protection system exceeds the normal threshold range, it indicates that the two do not meet, and an abnormal signal of the lightning protection system is generated. Conversely, if the status data of the lightning protection system is within the normal threshold range, it indicates that the two meet, and a normal signal of the lightning protection system is generated.
[0008] As a further aspect of the present invention, the specific method by which the monitoring data analysis unit generates grounding anomaly analysis signals or lightning risk analysis signals is as follows: The system acquires normal signals from the lightning protection system and continuously monitors them. For abnormal signals generated by the lightning protection system, it acquires the corresponding specific abnormal data and judges the abnormal data. If the abnormal data is that the equipment grounding resistance exceeds the standard or the cable insulation resistance is too low in the lightning protection facility status data, a grounding anomaly analysis signal is generated and transmitted to the grounding anomaly analysis unit. Conversely, if the abnormal data is that the lightning parameter data exceeds the standard or the atmospheric electric field strength in the environmental meteorological data is abnormal, a lightning risk analysis signal is generated and transmitted to the lightning risk analysis and processing unit.
[0009] As a further aspect of the present invention, the specific method by which the grounding anomaly analysis unit processes the grounding anomaly analysis signal is as follows: Collect real-time data such as equipment grounding resistance, cable insulation resistance, and soil resistivity in the monitoring area, compare them with the appropriate lightning protection parameters for the protected equipment, and identify abnormal parameters. Historical lightning protection facility status data from the same period is extracted as comparison data. The median value of the parameters is taken as the standard data, and the real-time data is adjusted accordingly to generate data adjustment information. The impact of the data adjustment information on the surrounding environment and equipment is assessed. If the adjustment plan has no electromagnetic interference, no soil pollution and does not affect the operation of other equipment, it is directly transmitted to the monitoring decision information output unit. If the adjustment plan has the above-mentioned impact, the real-time data is adjusted a second time according to the lowest standard of the comparison data, and the secondary adjustment information is generated and transmitted.
[0010] As a further aspect of the present invention, the lightning risk analysis and processing unit processes the acquired lightning risk analysis signal in the following specific manner: Images of the monitoring area are captured, and the monitoring area is divided into 50m × 50m grids, labeled as a, where a = 1, 2, ..., b, and b represents the number of grids. Then, the lightning risk level of the grid is determined based on the grid lightning risk intensity index and equipment vulnerability index.
[0011] As a further aspect of the present invention, the calculation method for the grid lesion severity index is as follows: Single device lightning risk calculation: ; Comprehensive calculation of grid lightning risk intensity index: ; in, This is the difference between the actual amplitude of the lightning current borne by a single device within the grid and the device's withstand threshold for lightning current (if the lightning current does not exceed the limit, the value is 0). This represents the maximum withstand lightning current threshold for a single device. This represents the number of exposure points where a single device does not have a surge protector installed. α and β are weighting coefficients (α is 0.7 and β is 0.3 in direct lightning strike scenarios; α is 0.4 and β is 0.6 in induced lightning strike scenarios). The spatial weight of the i-th device in the grid (devices in the grid center region). Take 1.0, edge area device (Take 0.8), m is the total number of protected devices within the grid.
[0012] As a further aspect of the present invention, the calculation method for the equipment vulnerability index is as follows: According to the formula Calculate the equipment vulnerability index VI, where, This represents the cumulative duration during which the atmospheric electric field intensity within the grid exceeds the safety threshold. The duration of the safe threshold for atmospheric electric field strength. The grounding resistance of the device at sampling point 0 exceeds the standard value, k is the total number of sampling points in the grid, and γ and δ are weighting coefficients (γ is 0.5 and δ is 0.5 for important equipment such as main transformers; γ is 0.3 and δ is 0.7 for ordinary cables). As a further aspect of the present invention, the specific method by which the lightning risk analysis and processing unit generates decision information is as follows: The obtained grid lightning risk intensity index and grid equipment vulnerability index are weighted and summed according to the formula. The corresponding comprehensive score is calculated, and the comprehensive score corresponding to grid a is denoted as , where μ and ν are the corresponding weighting coefficients (μ is 0.6 and ν is 0.4). The comprehensive score is matched with the corresponding level evaluation criteria to obtain the lightning risk level of the grid. The level evaluation criteria are as follows: comprehensive score 0-0.2 corresponds to level 1 (low risk), 0.2-0.5 corresponds to level 2 (low to medium risk), 0.5-0.8 corresponds to level 3 (medium to high risk), and 0.8-1.0 corresponds to level 4 (high risk). Grids with lightning risk of level 3 or above are selected as key protection areas. Then, inspection drone routes are generated according to the lightning risk level from large to small. At the same time, inspection uniformity constraints are set to generate decision information. The inspection uniformity constraint means that the inspection frequency is automatically adjusted according to the lightning risk level and the overlap rate of adjacent inspection routes is set (Level 1 risk area: 1 inspection frequency / week, overlap rate 10%; Level 2 risk area: 2 inspection frequencies / week, overlap rate 20%; Level 3 risk area: 4 inspection frequencies / week, overlap rate 30%; Level 4 risk area: 1 inspection frequency / day, overlap rate 40%).
[0013] This invention provides a lightning protection monitoring and alarm system. Compared with the prior art, it has the following advantages: The system integrates four types of multi-source data: lightning parameters, lightning protection facility status, environmental meteorology, and equipment operation, rather than monitoring a single data source. This avoids the problem of "data silos" and assesses the status of the lightning protection system from multiple dimensions, including lightning impact, facility performance, environmental impact, and equipment operation. This provides more comprehensive data support for subsequent analysis and solves the problem of one-sided judgment caused by traditional monitoring relying on only a single data source. The normal threshold of the monitoring data analysis unit is not a fixed value, but is dynamically adjusted based on historical operating data, the type of protected equipment, and industry standards. Compared with the fixed threshold of existing technologies, it can adapt to the differences of different equipment and environments, greatly reduce false alarms or missed alarms caused by threshold mismatch, and improve the accuracy of status judgment. Attached Figure Description
[0014] Figure 1 This is a system block diagram of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0015] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0016] Example 1 This embodiment takes a lightning protection monitoring scenario of a 110kV substation as an example. The system includes a lightning protection monitoring data acquisition unit, a monitoring data analysis unit, a grounding anomaly analysis unit, and a monitoring decision information output unit. Information is transmitted unidirectionally from each unit.
[0017] Lightning protection monitoring data acquisition unit: It acquires lightning current amplitude (range 0-200kA) and lightning current steepness (range 0-50kA / μs) through lightning monitoring sensors, main transformer grounding resistance (range 0-10Ω) and cable insulation resistance (range 0-500MΩ) through grounding resistance tester, and atmospheric electric field strength (range -1000V / m to 1000V / m) through atmospheric electric field meter, and transmits the multi-source data to the monitoring data analysis unit.
[0018] Monitoring data analysis unit: The normal threshold for the main transformer grounding resistance is set to 0.5-1Ω (dynamically adjusted according to GB50057-2010 "Code for Design of Lightning Protection of Buildings" and historical operating data of the substation), and the normal threshold for cable insulation resistance is ≥100MΩ. If the main transformer grounding resistance is collected as 1.8Ω (exceeding the threshold), an abnormal signal of the lightning protection system is generated; further, it is determined that the abnormal data is due to excessive grounding resistance, and a grounding anomaly analysis signal is generated and transmitted to the grounding anomaly analysis unit.
[0019] Grounding Anomaly Analysis Unit: Collects real-time data (grounding resistance 1.8Ω, soil resistivity 20Ω・m), compares it with suitable grounding parameters for the main transformer (grounding resistance ≤1Ω, soil resistivity ≤15Ω・m), and determines that the grounding resistance is an abnormal parameter; extracts grounding data of the substation in the same period of the past 3 years (average grounding resistance 0.8Ω, average soil resistivity 18Ω・m) as comparative data, takes the median value of 0.8Ω as the standard data, and generates adjustment information for "adding galvanized steel grounding electrode"; evaluates the scheme: galvanized steel has no soil pollution and is ≥2m away from underground cables with no electromagnetic interference, so the adjustment information is directly transmitted to the monitoring decision information output unit.
[0020] Monitoring and decision information output unit: Outputs adjustment command "Main transformer grounding resistance exceeds standard, two 2.5m long galvanized steel grounding electrodes need to be added", and displays real-time grounding resistance data simultaneously.
[0021] Example 2 This embodiment takes a lightning protection monitoring scenario of a communication base station cluster as an example. Based on the first embodiment, a lightning risk analysis and processing unit is added. The specific process is as follows: Lightning protection monitoring data acquisition unit: collects atmospheric electric field strength (real-time value 800V / m, safety threshold 500V / m), lightning current amplitude of base station antenna (120kA, withstand threshold 150kA), and aging degree of surge protector (60% of life remaining), and transmits it to the monitoring data analysis unit.
[0022] Monitoring data analysis unit: determines that the atmospheric electric field intensity exceeds the standard, generates a lightning risk analysis signal, and transmits it to the lightning risk analysis and processing unit.
[0023] Lightning Risk Analysis and Processing Unit: Grid division: The 5km×5km base station cluster area is divided into 50m×50m grids, for a total of 10,000 grids (b=10,000), labeled a=1 to 10,000.
[0024] Calculate the lightning risk intensity index of the grid: Taking grid a=500 (including 3 communication base stations) as an example, (Lightning current did not exceed the standard). (All devices are equipped with surge protectors), α=0.4 (induced lightning scenario), β=0.6, single device. Spatial weights All are 1.0 (mesh center), mesh .
[0025] Calculate the equipment's vulnerability index: (Duration of electric field exceeding standard). (Safety threshold duration) All values are 0 (grounding resistance is within limits), γ = 0.5 (base station is an important piece of equipment). .
[0026] Overall Score: The matching level is 2 (low to medium risk).
[0027] Decision generation: Based on the Level 2 risk setting, the inspection frequency is set to 2 times / week and the flight path overlap rate is 20%. The inspection drone flight path and the decision information of "strengthening surge protector status monitoring" are generated.
[0028] Monitoring and decision information output unit: Outputs the instruction "Grid a=500 Lightning risk level 2, start drone inspection twice a week" and triggers an atmospheric electric field anomaly alarm.
[0029] Example 3 This embodiment combines Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2, and is designed for a comprehensive lightning protection monitoring scenario in an industrial park. The system simultaneously processes grounding anomaly and lightning risk signals. The grounding anomaly analysis unit processed the workshop power distribution cabinet's grounding resistance exceeding the standard (2.5Ω, threshold ≤1Ω) and generated secondary adjustment information for "replacing the copper-clad steel grounding electrode" (the initial plan had safety hazards due to proximity to the natural gas pipeline, so the secondary adjustment was to install it away from the pipeline).
[0030] After dividing the park into grids, the lightning risk analysis and processing unit selected 12 level 3 risk grids and generated decision information such as "prioritize the inspection of level 3 grids and simultaneously adjust the protection angle of lightning rods".
[0031] The monitoring and decision-making information output unit integrates the two types of information and outputs comprehensive alarms and adjustment instructions to achieve comprehensive control of the lightning protection system.
[0032] All data in the above formulas are calculated numerically without substituting unit values; any content not described in detail in this specification is existing technology known to those skilled in the art.
[0033] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical methods of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical methods of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical methods of the present invention.
Claims
1. A lightning protection monitoring and alarm system, characterized in that, include: The monitoring data analysis unit is used to analyze the multi-source data transmitted by the lightning protection monitoring data acquisition unit. Based on the lightning protection system status data, it determines the operation of the lightning protection system and generates a normal or abnormal signal for the lightning protection system. At the same time, it analyzes the latter to determine abnormal data and generates a grounding anomaly analysis signal or a lightning risk analysis signal, and then transmits the two signals respectively. The grounding anomaly analysis unit is used to process the acquired grounding anomaly analysis signals, acquire real-time data and standard data from historical data of lightning protection facilities, determine the impact of standard data on the surrounding environment and equipment, generate secondary adjustment information, and transmit it to the monitoring decision information output unit. The lightning risk analysis and processing unit is used to process the acquired lightning risk analysis signals, divide the monitoring area into grids and calculate the corresponding lightning risk intensity index and equipment vulnerability index, and calculate the grid comprehensive score based on the two. Based on this, the lightning risk level is determined. Then, the inspection drone flight path is generated according to the inspection uniformity constraint, and decision information is generated and transmitted to the monitoring decision information output unit.
2. The lightning protection monitoring and alarm system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a lightning protection monitoring data acquisition unit and a monitoring decision information output unit; The lightning protection monitoring data acquisition unit is used to acquire multi-source data of the monitoring area, including lightning parameter data, lightning protection facility status data, environmental meteorological data, and equipment operation data. Among them, lightning parameter data includes lightning current amplitude, lightning current steepness, and lightning polarity; lightning protection facility status data includes equipment grounding resistance, cable insulation resistance, and surge protector aging degree; environmental meteorological data includes atmospheric electric field strength, ambient humidity, and wind speed; and equipment operation data includes the operating voltage and current of the protected equipment. The monitoring and decision information output unit is used to monitor and process the lightning protection system based on the generated decision information, including outputting alarm signals, lightning protection facility adjustment instructions, and inspection task instructions.
3. The lightning protection monitoring and alarm system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific method by which the monitoring data analysis unit generates normal or abnormal signals for the lightning protection system is as follows: Acquire the status data of the lightning protection system in the monitoring area, including equipment grounding resistance and cable insulation resistance, and compare them with normal thresholds. The normal thresholds are not fixed values, but are dynamically adjusted by the operator based on historical operating data, the type of protected equipment, and industry lightning protection standards. If the status data of the lightning protection system exceeds the normal threshold range, it indicates that the two do not meet, and an abnormal signal of the lightning protection system is generated. Conversely, if the status data of the lightning protection system is within the normal threshold range, it indicates that the two meet, and a normal signal of the lightning protection system is generated.
4. The lightning protection monitoring and alarm system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific method by which the monitoring data analysis unit generates grounding anomaly analysis signals or lightning risk analysis signals is as follows: The system acquires normal signals from the lightning protection system and continuously monitors them. For abnormal signals generated by the lightning protection system, it acquires the corresponding specific abnormal data and judges the abnormal data. If the abnormal data is that the equipment grounding resistance exceeds the standard or the cable insulation resistance is too low in the lightning protection facility status data, a grounding anomaly analysis signal is generated and transmitted to the grounding anomaly analysis unit. Conversely, if the abnormal data is that the lightning parameter data exceeds the standard or the atmospheric electric field strength in the environmental meteorological data is abnormal, a lightning risk analysis signal is generated and transmitted to the lightning risk analysis and processing unit.
5. The lightning protection monitoring and alarm system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific method by which the grounding anomaly analysis unit processes the grounding anomaly analysis signal is as follows: Collect real-time data on equipment grounding resistance, cable insulation resistance, and soil resistivity in the monitoring area, compare them with appropriate lightning protection parameters for the protected equipment, and identify abnormal parameters. Historical lightning protection facility status data from the same period is extracted as comparison data. The median value of the parameters is taken as the standard data, and the real-time data is adjusted accordingly to generate data adjustment information. The impact of the data adjustment information on the surrounding environment and equipment is assessed. If the adjustment plan has no electromagnetic interference, no soil pollution and does not affect the operation of other equipment, it is directly transmitted to the monitoring decision information output unit. If the adjustment plan has the above-mentioned impact, the real-time data is adjusted a second time according to the lowest standard of the comparison data, and the secondary adjustment information is generated and transmitted.
6. The lightning protection monitoring and alarm system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific method by which the lightning risk analysis and processing unit processes the acquired lightning risk analysis signals is as follows: Images of the monitoring area are captured, and the monitoring area is divided into 50m × 50m grids, labeled as a, where a = 1, 2, ..., b, and b represents the number of grids. Then, the lightning risk level of the grid is determined based on the grid lightning risk intensity index and equipment vulnerability index.
7. The lightning protection monitoring and alarm system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lightning risk intensity index is calculated as follows: Single device lightning risk calculation: ; Comprehensive calculation of grid lightning risk intensity index: ; in, This is the difference between the actual amplitude of the lightning current borne by a single device within the grid and the device's lightning current tolerance threshold. If the lightning current does not exceed the limit, the value is 0. This represents the maximum withstand lightning current threshold for a single device. This represents the number of exposure points where no surge protector is installed on a single device, with α and β being weighting coefficients. Let be the spatial weight of the i-th device in the grid, and m be the total number of protected devices in the grid.
8. A lightning protection monitoring and alarm system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The calculation method for the equipment vulnerability index is as follows: According to the formula Calculate the equipment vulnerability index VI, among which, This represents the cumulative duration during which the atmospheric electric field intensity within the grid exceeds the safety threshold. The duration of the safe threshold for atmospheric electric field strength. denoted as the grounding resistance exceeding the standard value of the device at the o-th sampling point, k is the total number of sampling points in the grid, and γ and δ are weighting coefficients.
9. A lightning protection monitoring and alarm system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The specific method by which the lightning risk analysis and processing unit generates decision information is as follows: The obtained grid lightning risk intensity index and grid equipment vulnerability index are weighted and summed according to the formula. The corresponding comprehensive score is calculated, and the comprehensive score corresponding to grid a is denoted as , where μ and ν are the corresponding weighting coefficients; The obtained comprehensive score is matched with the corresponding level evaluation criteria to obtain the lightning risk level of the grid. The level evaluation criteria are as follows: comprehensive score 0-0.2 corresponds to level 1, 0.2-0.5 corresponds to level 2, 0.5-0.8 corresponds to level 3, and 0.8-1.0 corresponds to level 4. Grids with lightning risk of level 3 or above are selected as key protection areas. Then, inspection drone routes are generated according to the lightning risk level from large to small. At the same time, inspection uniformity constraints are set to generate decision information. The inspection uniformity constraint means automatically adjusting the inspection frequency and setting the overlap rate of adjacent inspection routes based on the lightning risk level.