Anti-clogging ventilation device for aerobic composting and method of use thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of for aerobic composting anti-blocking ventilation device and its use method, the device includes ventilation main pipe and anti-blocking ventilation head, the cavity of the anti-blocking ventilation head is equipped with lifting platform, at least one hollow anti-blocking column is equipped on the lifting platform;The lifting platform is connected by lifting rod with the hydraulic device for driving its lifting;The bottom of the anti-blocking column is communicated with high-pressure fan, the top of the anti-blocking column is equipped with second air hole, for high-pressure ventilation when the anti-blocking column is lifted.The present application can monitor pressure change in real time during composting when in use, emergency high-pressure ventilation mode can be started once the sign of blockage is found, effectively solve the problem that traditional ventilation mode is easy to block.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an anti-clogging ventilation device and its usage method for aerobic composting, belonging to the field of aerobic composting technology. Background Technology

[0002] Aerobic composting technology is one of the main ways to utilize diverse waste resources in rural my country. Currently, composting in the domestic market mainly adopts methods such as trough composting, windrow composting, nanofilm composting, and reactor composting.

[0003] In aerobic composting, oxygen is typically supplied to microorganisms for metabolic activity by laying one or more parallel ventilation ducts at the bottom of the compost pile (e.g., inside the composting trough). These ducts have ventilation holes spaced 10-30 cm apart. However, this structure has a significant drawback: after the initial composting, the compost material easily clogs the ventilation holes, leading to low or even ineffective ventilation. Poor ventilation creates anaerobic zones inside the compost pile, hindering normal material decomposition and producing large amounts of ammonia and other malodorous gases, polluting the surrounding atmosphere. Therefore, solving the problem of ventilation hole clogging during composting is a pressing technical challenge in this field.

[0004] The applicant's search revealed that various anti-clogging designs have been disclosed in the prior art. For example, Chinese patent CN109867539A discloses a sleeve-type anti-clogging aeration nozzle, which includes an aeration plug that, when not aerating, relies on its own gravity to seal the air passage and prevent material backflow; during aeration, the airflow pressure pushes the aeration plug up, forming a channel. This design effectively prevents the air passage from being blocked by material, but its external vents are fixed and may still be covered or blocked by surrounding compost material, and it lacks a mechanism for actively clearing external blockages. Another Chinese application, CN115304412A, discloses an adjustable anti-clogging composting aeration device that adjusts the overlap area between the aeration pipe and the air outlet by rotating the mounting pipe, thereby adjusting the aeration rate. Its anti-clogging method is through a movable sealing element that opens or closes the aeration pipe under gravity. Although this solution achieves adjustable aeration volume and takes into account internal anti-clogging, its sealing components also rely on gravity and may not operate flexibly in viscous material environments. Furthermore, it does not solve the problem of cleaning blockages outside the air outlet.

[0005] In summary, existing technologies, which rely on passive anti-clogging, cannot solve the problem of blockage in external vents and suffer from deficiencies in reliability and maintenance. Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for a novel anti-clogging ventilation device that is structurally reliable and combines active cleaning and emergency unblocking functions. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a blockage-resistant ventilation device and its usage method with automatic cleaning and emergency unblocking functions. The aim is to solve the problem that the ventilation holes of the existing aerobic composting bottom ventilation device are easily blocked by materials, resulting in poor ventilation, forming an anaerobic fermentation zone, reducing the composting effect and producing odor.

[0007] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention proposes an anti-clogging ventilation device for aerobic composting, comprising a main ventilation duct and at least one anti-clogging ventilation head connected to the main ventilation duct. The main ventilation duct is connected to a medium-pressure fan, and a pressure sensor is installed inside the main ventilation duct. The anti-blocking ventilator is located above the main ventilation duct. The anti-blocking ventilator has an internal cavity and at least one first vent hole communicating with the cavity at its upper part. The cavity of the anti-blocking vent is provided with a lifting platform, and the lifting platform is provided with at least one hollow anti-blocking column; the anti-blocking column corresponds one-to-one with the first vent hole, and has the original state of being located in the cavity of the anti-blocking vent, and the material unblocking state of being raised to be inserted into the first vent hole. The lifting platform is connected to a hydraulic device for driving its lifting via a lifting rod; The bottom of the anti-blocking column is connected to the high-pressure fan, and a second vent is provided above the anti-blocking column for high-pressure ventilation when the anti-blocking column is raised.

[0008] On the other hand, the present invention also proposes a method for using an anti-clogging ventilation device for aerobic composting, comprising the following steps: After the compost pile is stacked, start the medium-pressure blower to supply air to the compost material through the main ventilation duct and the first vent on the anti-clogging vent head; During the composting process, the pressure in the main ventilation duct is monitored by a pressure sensor. When the pressure rises above the preset value, the hydraulic device is activated to lift the lifting platform and anti-blocking column, putting the anti-blocking column in a material-clearing state. The high-pressure blower is then turned on, and high-pressure gas is ventilated through the powerful ventilation duct and the second vent of the anti-blocking column, thereby clearing the first vent. When the pressure drops below the preset value, the high-pressure blower is turned off, and the hydraulic device is activated to restore the lifting platform and anti-blocking column to their original state.

[0009] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) Dual anti-blocking and unblocking functions: This invention can monitor pressure changes in real time during composting. Once signs of blockage are detected, an emergency high-pressure ventilation mode can be activated, effectively solving the problem of easy blockage in traditional ventilation methods. Moreover, through improvements, it can also automatically clean the blockages in the ventilation holes after composting is completed.

[0010] (2) Improve composting quality and efficiency: By ensuring continuous and effective ventilation, the formation of anaerobic fermentation zone is avoided, ensuring the full decomposition of materials, while inhibiting the generation of malodorous gases such as ammonia, thus improving the production environment.

[0011] (3) Automation and emergency response capabilities: The entire anti-blocking and cleaning process can be completed automatically through the control system, which reduces the cost of manual maintenance and improves the reliability and stability of the composting process. Attached Figure Description

[0012] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-blockage ventilation device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0014] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of an anti-clogging ventilation head.

[0015] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a lifting platform.

[0016] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the application of anti-clogging ventilation devices in composting troughs.

[0017] Figure 5 yes Figure 2 A magnified view of the right side.

[0018] Reference numerals: 2. Lifting rod; 3. Connecting thread; 4. Connector; 5. Anti-clogging vent head; 6. Discharge gate; 7. First vent; 8. Baffle; 9. Bayonet; 10. Second vent; 11. Anti-clogging column; 12. Spring; 13. Rubber ring; 14. Lifting platform; 15. Rotating shaft; 16. Third vent; 17. Material receiving hopper; 18. Powerful ventilation pipe; 19. Connecting base; 20. Main ventilation pipe; 21. Pressure sensor; 22. Control system; 23. Medium-pressure fan; 24. High-pressure fan; 25. Hydraulic device; 26. Sealing ring; 27. Composting trough; 28. Compost material; 29. ​​Internal ventilation pipe; 30. Fourth vent. Detailed Implementation

[0019] This embodiment illustrates an anti-clogging ventilation device for aerobic composting, such as... Figures 1-5 As shown, it includes a main ventilation duct 20 and at least one anti-blockage ventilation head 5 connected to the main ventilation duct 20. The main ventilation duct 20 is connected to a medium-pressure fan 23. A pressure sensor 21 is installed inside the main ventilation duct 20 for real-time detection of the pressure inside the main ventilation duct 20.

[0020] The anti-clogging vent head 5 is located above the main ventilation duct 20. The anti-clogging vent head 5 has an internal cavity, and its upper part has at least one first vent hole 7 communicating with the cavity. A baffle 8 is provided above the first vent hole 7 to prevent material from falling directly into it. The lower center of the cavity of the anti-clogging vent head 5 has a hole communicating with the main ventilation duct 20 (preferably via a threaded connection). During normal composting, the gas flow direction is: medium-pressure blower 23 → main ventilation duct 20 → anti-clogging vent head 5 → first vent hole 7, thus reaching the compost pile.

[0021] The cavity of the anti-blocking vent head 5 is equipped with a lifting platform 14, and the lifting platform 14 is provided with at least one hollow anti-blocking column 11. The anti-blocking column 11 corresponds one-to-one with the first vent hole 7, and has an original state located within the cavity of the anti-blocking vent head 5, and a material unblocking state raised to be inserted into the first vent hole 7. In implementation, a lifting rod 2 is connected below the lifting platform 14, and the lifting rod 2 can move up and down to adjust the height of the lifting platform 14. Preferably, a high-pressure ventilation pipe 18 is provided along the length of the main ventilation duct 20. The hydraulic device 25 is located at both ends of the high-pressure ventilation pipe 18. The lifting rod 2 and the lifting platform 14 are both hollow structures. The lifting rod 2 is screwed to the high-pressure ventilation pipe 18. The second vent 10 is connected to the high-pressure fan 24 via the anti-blocking column 11, the lifting platform 14, the lifting rod 2, and the high-pressure ventilation pipe 18. That is, the high-pressure ventilation pipe 18, the lifting rod 2, the lifting platform 14, and the anti-blocking column 11 are all hollow structures, interconnected, and connected to the high-pressure fan 24 outside the high-pressure ventilation pipe 18. In this embodiment, the lifting platform 14 is connected to the hydraulic device 25 used to drive its lifting and lowering via the lifting rod 2. The hydraulic device 25 is located inside the main ventilation duct 20.

[0022] It should be noted that the high-pressure fan 24 and the medium-pressure fan 23 described in this invention have corresponding industry-standard features, and their wind pressure range can be defined with reference to the corresponding standards.

[0023] The bottom of the anti-blocking column 11 is connected to the high-pressure blower 24, and a second vent 10 is provided above the anti-blocking column 11 for high-pressure ventilation when the anti-blocking column 11 is raised. Preferably, the top of the anti-blocking column 11 is provided with a bayonet 9 for breaking through the resistance of hard materials when the anti-blocking column 11 is raised. Preferably, as... Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a sealing ring 26 is provided between the lifting platform 14 and the cavity side wall of the anti-blocking ventilation head 5. An internal ventilation pipe 29 is provided on the lifting platform 14 to connect the anti-blocking column 11 with the inside of the lifting rod 2. A fourth ventilation hole 30 is also provided on the lifting platform 14 to facilitate the connection between the main ventilation pipe 20 and the first ventilation hole 7.

[0024] The anti-blocking ventilation device in this embodiment can also be improved in the following ways: such as Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, the lifting platform 14 is equipped with a material receiving hopper 17 arranged around the anti-blocking column 11. The cavity sidewall of the anti-blocking ventilation head 5 is equipped with a discharge door 6 that matches the position of the material receiving hopper 17. The discharge door 6 can open when the air pressure exceeds a preset value. The discharge door 6 is existing technology and can be adopted as follows: Figure 2 and Figure 5 The top-flipping structure shown has a flipping hinge or flipping shaft at the top, which forms a seal with the cavity when the discharge door 6 is closed; in addition, a magnetic attraction structure or sealing ring 26 can be added between the discharge door 6 and the side wall of the cavity to improve the sealing effect.

[0025] like Figure 5 As shown, the bottom of the hopper 17 is provided with a rotating shaft 15 mounted on the lifting platform 14, allowing the hopper 17 to tilt and rotate towards the discharge gate 6. A spring 12 is provided between the hopper 17 and the lifting platform 14, and the spring 12 is located on the side of the hopper 17 closer to the discharge gate 6. A second vent 10 is provided on the side of the anti-blocking column 11, and the outlet of the second vent 10 faces the discharge gate 6, which has the function of pushing the material towards the discharge port. A third vent 16 is provided at the bottom of the anti-blocking column 11, and the third vent 16 is arranged at intervals along the circumference of the anti-blocking column 11, with multiple rows arranged above and below, which has the function of stirring the material, promoting the flow of material, and preventing the material from accumulating at the bottom of the hopper 17. The outlets of the second and third vent 16 are covered with wire mesh to prevent material from entering the second and third vent 16.

[0026] With the above improvements, after composting, when the material falls into the hopper 17, the entire hopper 17 will tilt towards the discharge gate 6. The discharge gate 6 is connected to the hopper 17. At this time, the high-pressure blower 24 is turned on. When the air pressure reaches a certain level, the discharge gate 6 will automatically open and discharge the material from the anti-blockage ventilation head 5.

[0027] This embodiment also illustrates a method of using an anti-clogging ventilation device for aerobic composting, including the following steps: like Figure 4 As shown, the main ventilation duct 20, hydraulic device 25, medium-pressure fan 23, and high-pressure fan 24 are connected and installed sequentially. An internal threaded connection is welded onto the main ventilation duct 20 every 10-20 cm. Then, the anti-clogging ventilation head 5 is screwed onto the connection port of the main ventilation duct 20 via a threaded connection. Then, feeding can begin, with the compost material piled above the main ventilation duct 20 to complete the stacking.

[0028] like Figures 1-5As shown, after the compost pile is stacked, the medium-pressure blower 23 is started to supply air to the compost material 28 through the main ventilation duct 20 and the first vent 7 on the anti-blockage ventilation head 5. During this process, the air flow direction is: medium-pressure blower 23 → main ventilation duct 20 → anti-blockage ventilation head 5 → first vent 7.

[0029] During composting, the control device monitors the pressure in the main ventilation duct 20 via pressure sensor 21. When the pressure rises above a preset value (generally 10% of the normal ventilation pressure), the hydraulic device 25 is activated to lift the lifting platform 14 and the anti-blocking column 11, clearing the material from the anti-blocking column 11. The high-pressure blower 24 is then turned on, and high-pressure gas is ventilated through the powerful ventilation pipe 18 and the second vent 10 of the anti-blocking column 11, thereby clearing the first vent 7. During this process, the gas flow... In addition to "medium-pressure fan 23 → main ventilation duct 20 → anti-blocking ventilation head 5 → first vent 7", there are also "high-pressure fan 24 → powerful ventilation pipe 18 → lifting rod 2 → lifting platform 14 → anti-blocking column 11 → second vent 10". When the pressure drops below the preset value, or after the high-pressure fan 24 is turned on and held for 10-30 minutes, the high-pressure fan 24 is turned off, and the hydraulic device 25 is activated to restore the lifting platform 14 and the anti-blocking column 11 to their original state. At this time, normal ventilation is restored.

[0030] Common blockages occur when materials are piled up above the main ventilation duct 20. In this embodiment, when the pressure rises above 10% of the normal ventilation pressure, the ventilation duct is partially blocked. At this time, the fan speed is adjusted by the frequency converter in the control system 22 to control the flow rate at 50% of the total flow rate. When the pressure rises above 50% of the normal ventilation pressure, the main ventilation duct 20 is mostly blocked. At this time, the fan speed is adjusted by the frequency converter in the control system 22 to control the flow rate at more than 80% of the total flow rate.

[0031] Preferably, when the lifting platform 14 is provided with a material receiving hopper 17 arranged around the anti-blocking column 11, after the composting is completed, the medium-pressure blower 23 is turned off, and the hydraulic device 25 is started to raise the lifting platform 14 and the anti-blocking column 11 and then lower them to loosen the residual material in the first ventilation hole 7. The residual material falls into the material receiving hopper 17, and under the action of gravity, the material receiving hopper 17 tilts downward toward the discharge gate 6. Then, the high-pressure blower 24 is turned on. When the air pressure in the cavity exceeds the preset value, the discharge door 6 is opened. The bottom of the anti-blocking column 11 is provided with a third vent 16. The third vent 16 surrounds the anti-blocking column 11 and has the function of stirring the material, promoting the flow of material, and preventing accumulation at the bottom of the receiving hopper 17. The outlet of the second vent 10 faces the discharge door 6. The high-pressure gas blown out of the second vent 10 blows the material in the receiving hopper 17 out through the discharge door 6, preparing for the next composting. At this time, the flow of high-pressure gas is not only "high-pressure blower 24 → powerful ventilation pipe 18 → lifting rod 2 → lifting platform 14 → anti-blocking column 11 → second vent 10", but also "high-pressure blower 24 → powerful ventilation pipe 18 → lifting rod 2 → lifting platform 14 → anti-blocking column 11 → third vent 16".

Claims

1. A clog-prevention ventilation device for aerobic composting, characterized in that: It includes a main ventilation duct and at least one anti-clogging ventilation head connected to the main ventilation duct. The main ventilation duct is connected to a medium-pressure fan, and a pressure sensor is installed inside the main ventilation duct. The anti-blocking ventilator is located above the main ventilation duct. The anti-blocking ventilator has an internal cavity and at least one first vent hole communicating with the cavity at its upper part. The cavity of the anti-blocking vent is provided with a lifting platform, and the lifting platform is provided with at least one hollow anti-blocking column; the anti-blocking column corresponds one-to-one with the first vent hole, and has the original state of being located in the cavity of the anti-blocking vent, and the material unblocking state of being raised to be inserted into the first vent hole. The lifting platform is connected to a hydraulic device for driving its lifting via a lifting rod; The bottom of the anti-blocking column is connected to the high-pressure fan, and a second vent is provided above the anti-blocking column for high-pressure ventilation when the anti-blocking column is raised. A powerful ventilation pipe is installed inside the main ventilation duct along its length. The hydraulic device is located at both ends of the powerful ventilation pipe. The lifting rod and the lifting platform are both hollow structures. The lifting rod is screwed to the powerful ventilation pipe. The second vent is connected to the high-pressure fan through the anti-blocking column, the lifting platform, the lifting rod and the powerful ventilation pipe. The lifting platform is equipped with a material receiving hopper arranged around the anti-blocking column, and the cavity side wall of the anti-blocking ventilation head is equipped with a discharge door that matches the position of the material receiving hopper. The discharge door can be opened when the air pressure exceeds a preset value. The material receiving hopper can tilt and rotate towards the discharge gate. A spring is provided between the material receiving hopper and the lifting platform. The spring is located on the side of the material receiving hopper closer to the discharge gate. The anti-blocking column is provided with a second vent on its side. Several second vents are arranged vertically from the bottom to the top of the anti-blocking column, and their outlets face the material receiving hopper. The outlets of the second vents are covered with wire mesh. The bottom of the anti-blocking column is provided with a third vent hole, which is spaced apart along the circumference of the anti-blocking column, and the outlet of the second vent hole is covered with wire mesh.

2. The anti-clogging ventilation device for aerobic composting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-clogging vent head is equipped with a baffle above the first vent to prevent materials from falling into the first vent.

3. The anti-clogging ventilation device for aerobic composting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the anti-blocking post is equipped with a bayonet.

4. The anti-clogging ventilation device for aerobic composting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main ventilation duct is connected to the anti-clogging ventilation head via a thread.

5. A method of using the anti-clogging ventilation device for aerobic composting as described in any one of claims 1-4, comprising the following steps: After the compost pile is stacked, start the medium-pressure blower to supply air to the compost material through the main ventilation duct and the first vent on the anti-clogging vent head; During the composting process, the pressure in the main ventilation duct is monitored by a pressure sensor. When the pressure rises above the preset value, the hydraulic device is activated to lift the lifting platform and anti-blocking column, putting the anti-blocking column in a material-clearing state. The high-pressure blower is then turned on, and high-pressure gas is ventilated through the powerful ventilation duct and the second vent of the anti-blocking column, thereby clearing the first vent. When the pressure drops below the preset value, the hydraulic device is activated to return the lifting platform and anti-blocking column to their original state. At this time, the high-pressure blower is turned off. After composting is completed, the medium-pressure blower is turned off, and the hydraulic device is started to raise the lifting platform and anti-blocking column and then lower them to loosen the residual material in the first ventilation hole. The residual material falls into the receiving hopper, and the receiving hopper tilts downward toward the discharge gate under the action of gravity. Then the high-pressure blower is turned on. When the air pressure in the cavity exceeds the preset value, the discharge door is opened. The high-pressure gas blown out from the third vent stirs the material at the bottom to prevent the material from accumulating at the bottom. The high-pressure gas blown out from the second vent blows the material in the hopper out through the discharge door.

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