A pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant power regulating system and method

Abstract

This invention discloses a power regulation system and method for pressurized water reactor (PWR) nuclear power units, belonging to the field of PWR nuclear reactor technology. The system includes: a PWR nuclear steam supply system and a bypass system installed on the secondary steam pipeline of the steam generator in the PWR nuclear steam supply system. The bypass system includes a steam bypass subsystem, a composite material thermal energy storage subsystem, and an air-to-electricity generation system. The steam bypass subsystem is used to introduce excess steam from the PWR nuclear steam supply system into the composite material thermal energy storage subsystem for thermal energy storage. The air-to-electricity generation system absorbs the thermal energy stored in the composite material thermal energy storage subsystem using compressed air to drive the turbine for power generation. This invention, without changing the operating power of the nuclear reactor, solves the mismatch between power supply and power demand by storing the steam thermal energy of the bypass turbine as sensible heat energy from composite materials, thus achieving power regulation of the PWR nuclear power unit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of pressurized water reactor technology, specifically relating to a power regulation system and method for pressurized water reactor nuclear power units. Background Technology

[0002] The statements herein provide only background information in relation to this invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] With economic development, the ever-increasing global energy consumption and environmental pollution problems threaten the sustainable development of human society. The efficient use of renewable, clean, and green energy, such as solar and wind power, is considered a promising way to protect the environment and reduce fossil fuel consumption.

[0004] Renewable energy generation has been growing year by year, but its generation has the inherent characteristics of intermittent and rapid fluctuations, which makes it much more difficult to match power supply and demand, resulting in grid instability and the risk of power outages.

[0005] Pressurized water reactor (PWR) nuclear power plants have advantages such as high energy density and small power fluctuations. They operate in a stable state as base load for a long time and rarely participate in grid peak shaving through power regulation. However, with the increasing penetration of renewable energy generation, and influenced by factors such as power generation technology transformation and economic efficiency, PWR nuclear power plants, which have long operated as base load, are forced to adopt more flexible operating modes and face the possibility of frequent power regulation to participate in grid peak shaving.

[0006] Pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants have limited power output regulation capabilities. If nuclear reactivity is regulated through frequent control rod movements, it leads to frequent stress cycles in various reactor components, posing a threat to the safe operation of the nuclear power plant. Using a steam bypass turbine to directly discharge steam into the condenser results in significant energy waste. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a power regulation system and method for pressurized water reactor nuclear power units. Without changing the operating power of the nuclear reactor, the steam thermal energy of the bypass turbine is stored as sensible heat energy of composite materials to solve the mismatch between power supply and power demand and realize the power regulation of pressurized water reactor nuclear power units.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the technical solution of the present invention provides a power regulation system for a pressurized water reactor nuclear power unit, comprising: a pressurized water reactor nuclear steam supply system and a bypass system disposed on the secondary side steam pipeline of the steam generator of the pressurized water reactor nuclear steam supply system; The bypass system includes a steam bypass subsystem, a composite material thermal storage subsystem, and an air-to-electricity system. The steam bypass subsystem is used to introduce excess steam from the pressurized water reactor nuclear steam supply system into the composite material thermal storage subsystem for thermal energy storage. The air-to-electricity system absorbs the thermal energy stored in the composite material thermal storage subsystem through compressed air to drive the turbine to generate electricity.

[0009] In at least one embodiment, the composite material thermal storage subsystem includes a steam-air heat exchanger and a composite material thermal storage device. The steam-air heat exchanger is used to convert the introduced excess steam into thermal energy, and the resulting thermal energy is stored in the composite material thermal storage device.

[0010] In at least one embodiment, the composite material thermal storage device is a modular and expandable composite material thermal storage device, including a shell, inside which are stacked honeycomb composite material prefabricated blocks, outwardly arranged a composite material prefabricated block support structure, an aluminum silicate fiber cotton insulation layer and a high-temperature glass wool insulation layer, and an outer layer of rock wool insulation layer.

[0011] In at least one embodiment, airflow heat exchange channels are arranged inside the composite material preform at certain intervals, and the end face of the composite material preform adopts an alternating convex and concave form to facilitate the modular stacking of the composite material preform.

[0012] In at least one embodiment, the composite material thermal storage device is internally arranged with flow distribution and filters to distribute the flow of heat exchange gas and filter out particulate matter. The composite material thermal storage device is connected to relevant pipelines through a connecting pipe.

[0013] In at least one embodiment, the air-generated power system includes an air compressor, a regenerator, a composite material heat storage device, an air turbine, and a generator; after the air flows through the air compressor and is compressed, it is preheated by the regenerator, absorbs the heat energy stored in the composite material heat storage device, and then the air turbine expands to drive the generator to generate electricity.

[0014] In at least one embodiment, the air-generated power system includes a two-stage air compressor, a regenerator, a two-stage composite material heat storage device, a two-stage air turbine, and a two-stage generator; wherein an intermediate cooling heat exchange arrangement is adopted between the two-stage air compressors, and a composite material heat storage device is adopted for reheating in the two-stage turbine.

[0015] Secondly, the technical solution of the present invention also provides a power regulation method for pressurized water reactor nuclear power units, including: The pressurized water reactor nuclear steam supply system heats the water on the secondary side of the steam generator into saturated steam; When the power demand is low, the steam bypass subsystem proportionally diverts the steam from the secondary side of the steam generator to the composite material thermal storage subsystem according to the power regulation depth requirements. After heat exchange through the steam-air heat exchanger, the thermal energy is stored in the composite material thermal storage device. When electricity demand is high, a single-stage open-loop air circulation method is adopted. The air flows through the air compressor and is compressed, then preheated by the regenerator to absorb the heat energy stored in the composite material heat storage device. Then it enters the air turbine to expand and do work, driving the generator to generate electricity. After the air flows expand and do work, it passes through the regenerator to exchange heat and cool down before being directly discharged.

[0016] Thirdly, the technical solution of the present invention also provides another method for power regulation of pressurized water reactor nuclear power units, including: The pressurized water reactor nuclear steam supply system heats the water on the secondary side of the steam generator into saturated steam; When the power demand is low, the steam bypass subsystem proportionally diverts the steam from the secondary side of the steam generator to the composite material thermal storage subsystem according to the power regulation depth requirements. After heat exchange through the steam-air heat exchanger, the thermal energy is stored in the composite material thermal storage device. When electricity demand is high, a two-stage open-loop air circulation method is adopted. The airflow is compressed by the air compressor and then cooled by the intercooler. It then enters another air compressor for secondary compression. The airflow after secondary compression is preheated by the regenerator, absorbing the heat energy stored in the composite material heat storage device. It then enters the air turbine for expansion and work, driving the generator to generate electricity. It then enters another composite material heat storage module to absorb heat energy and enters another air turbine for secondary expansion, driving the generator to generate electricity. After the airflow has expanded and done work, it is cooled by heat exchange in the regenerator and then directly discharged.

[0017] Fourthly, the technical solution of the present invention also provides a pressurized water reactor nuclear power unit, which adopts a pressurized water reactor nuclear power unit power regulation system disclosed in the first aspect.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the above-described technical solution of the present invention are as follows: 1) The present invention provides a power regulation system for a pressurized water reactor nuclear power unit. A bypass system is set on the secondary steam pipeline of the steam generator 9 of the nuclear steam supply system of the pressurized water reactor. A composite material thermal energy storage subsystem and an air power generation system are installed. When the power demand is insufficient and the power production is excessive, the thermal energy generated by the pressurized water reactor is stored through the composite material thermal energy storage device 2. When the power demand is large and the power production is insufficient, the stored heat is released to generate electricity by compressing, absorbing heat and expanding open air to generate electricity, thereby meeting the large power demand.

[0019] 2) The thermal energy storage medium of the composite material selected in this invention has the advantages of relatively low cost and thermal energy storage; the honeycomb composite material prefabricated block has the advantages of large specific surface area, small channel pressure drop, good thermal shock resistance, high thermal durability, high heat capacity, low cost and easy processing.

[0020] 3) This invention adopts an open-loop air compression, heat absorption, expansion and power generation cycle process. Air is used as both a heat transfer fluid and a working fluid, and has the characteristics of abundant resources. This cycle process can achieve a larger power density and has the characteristics of a more compact equipment structure layout and faster transient response. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the modular and scalable composite material thermal storage device disclosed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a side cross-sectional schematic diagram of the modular and scalable composite material thermal storage device disclosed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the honeycomb composite material prefabricated block disclosed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the pressurized water nuclear reactor nuclear steam supply system disclosed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a pressurized water reactor nuclear power unit power regulation system disclosed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the method using a single-stage open air circulation disclosed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of another pressurized water reactor nuclear power unit power regulation system disclosed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the two-stage open air circulation method disclosed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0023] In the diagram, 1-composite material prefabricated block; 2-composite material thermal energy storage device; 3-composite material prefabricated block support structure; 4-alumina silicate fiber cotton insulation layer; 5-high temperature glass wool insulation layer; 6-rock wool insulation layer; 7-flow distribution and filter; 8-connection pipe; 9-steam generator; 10-high pressure cylinder of steam turbine; 11-low pressure cylinder of steam turbine; 12-first generator; 13-condenser; 14-feed water pump; 15-feed water heater; 16-steam-air heat exchanger; 17-first composite material thermal energy storage device; 18-first air compressor; 19-second air compressor; 20-regenerator; 21-first air turbine; 22-second generator; 23-second composite material thermal energy storage device; 24-third composite material thermal energy storage device; 25-third air compressor; 26-intercooler; 27-fourth air compressor; 28-second air turbine; 29-third generator; 30-third air turbine; 31-fourth generator. Detailed Implementation

[0024] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0025] As pressurized water reactor (PWR) nuclear power plants further shift from baseload generation to power regulation generation, they will operate in a more competitive electricity market. To enhance competitiveness and economic efficiency, this invention proposes a method for power regulation of PWR nuclear power units. It designs a device that converts stored composite material sensible heat energy into air expansion for power generation. Without altering the reactor's operating power, the method stores the steam heat energy from the bypass turbine as composite material sensible heat energy, thus resolving the mismatch between power supply and demand. Power regulation of the PWR nuclear power unit is achieved through the management of heat storage time, temperature, and power by the composite material heat energy storage equipment. When electricity demand is lower than electricity supply, the steam heat energy of the bypass turbine is stored as sensible heat energy of composite materials by "reducing power"; when electricity demand is higher than electricity supply, the heat energy stored in the composite materials is released by "increasing power" to generate electricity by expanding open air in the turbine. This way, the operating power of the nuclear reactor is not reduced, nor is energy wasted. At the same time, it can also cope with the mismatch between electricity supply and demand and maintain reliable energy distribution.

[0026] Example 1 In a typical embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment discloses a pressurized water reactor nuclear power unit power regulation system, including: a pressurized water reactor nuclear steam supply system and a bypass system installed on the secondary side steam pipeline of the steam generator 9 of the pressurized water reactor nuclear steam supply system; The bypass system includes a steam bypass subsystem, a composite material thermal storage subsystem, and an air-to-electricity system. The steam bypass subsystem is used to introduce excess steam from the pressurized water reactor nuclear steam supply system into the composite material thermal storage subsystem for thermal energy storage when power demand is low. When power demand is high, the air-to-electricity system absorbs the thermal energy stored in the composite material thermal storage subsystem through compressed air to drive the turbine to generate electricity.

[0027] In this embodiment, the composite material thermal storage subsystem includes a steam-air heat exchanger 16 and a composite material thermal storage device. The steam-air heat exchanger 16 converts the introduced excess steam into thermal energy, which is then stored in the composite material thermal storage device. Further, the air-to-electricity system includes an air compressor, a regenerator 20, an air turbine, and a generator. Air flows through the air compressor, is compressed, and then preheated by the regenerator 20, absorbing the thermal energy stored in the composite material thermal storage device. The air is then expanded by the air turbine to drive the generator and generate electricity.

[0028] In this embodiment, the composite material thermal storage device is a modular and scalable composite material thermal storage device, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, it includes a shell 2, inside which are stacked honeycomb composite prefabricated blocks 1. From this, outwards, there are composite prefabricated block support structures 3, aluminum silicate fiber cotton insulation layers 4, and high-temperature glass wool insulation layers 5. The outer layer of the shell is a rock wool insulation layer 6. Specifically, based on gas pressure and thermal energy storage capacity, a composite material thermal storage device is manufactured. The honeycomb composite prefabricated blocks 1 are stacked inside the shell, and then the composite prefabricated block support structure 3 is set up. Insulation is provided using aluminum silicate fiber cotton insulation layers 4 and high-temperature glass wool insulation layers 5. Rock wool insulation layers 6 are used for insulation on the outside of the shell. The thickness of the insulation layers is arranged according to the principle of minimizing heat loss. Through series and parallel connections of the composite material thermal storage device, a modular and scalable approach is adopted to achieve large-scale thermal energy storage capacity. Connecting pipes 8 are used to connect relevant pipelines. Flow distribution and filters 7 are arranged inside the composite material thermal storage device to distribute the flow of heat exchange gas and filter particulate matter.

[0029] In this embodiment, the pore size and pore spacing in the honeycomb composite prefabricated block 1 are determined based on the heat storage capacity and the flow rate of the fluid medium. The composite prefabricated block 1 is formed using a composite prefabrication mold. The composite prefabricated block 1 adopts an alternating convex-concave form, which facilitates the alignment of the flow channels and stacking. The surfaces of the first and last layers of composite prefabricated blocks 1 can be designed as flat surfaces, such as... Figure 3 As shown.

[0030] In this embodiment, the main components and their content percentages of the composite material powder used to prepare the composite material preform 1 are as follows: The content of [specific ingredient] is 43%-44%. The content of [specific ingredient] is 36%-37%. The content of [specific component] is 10%-11%. The content is 4%-4.5%. The content of the above-mentioned components is 2.5%-3%, and the particle size of the above-mentioned components is less than 90. .

[0031] In this embodiment, when preparing the composite material preform 1, a first type of aggregate and a second type of aggregate are selected and prepared in a volume ratio of 7:3. The main components and their proportions of the selected first type of aggregate are as follows: The content of [specific ingredient] is 51%-52%. The content of [specific ingredient] is 42%-43%. The content is 2%-2.5%. The content of [specific component] is 1%-1.5%; the main components and their content percentages of the selected second type of aggregate are as follows: The content of [specific ingredient] is 40%-43%. The content of [specific ingredient] is 13%-15%. The content of [specific component] is 9%-11%. The content of [specific ingredient] is 4%-6%. The content is 3%-5%. The content is 2%-3%. The content of [specific component] is 2%-2.5%. In composite materials, for the first type of aggregate, based on particle size, the bulk densities of aggregates with particle sizes of ≤0.1mm, ≥0.1mm and ≤1mm, ≥1mm and ≤2mm, and ≥2mm and ≤5mm are respectively 330kg / m³. 3 190kg / m 3 590kg / m 3 230kg / m 3Their volume fractions are 20%, 10%, 30%, and 10%, respectively. Based on particle size, the bulk densities of the second type of aggregate, selecting aggregates larger than 3mm and less than or equal to 5mm, and aggregates larger than 5mm and less than or equal to 7mm, are respectively 160kg / m³. 3 420kg / m 3 Their volume fractions are 10% and 20%, respectively. The water / composite powder ratio is 0.4, and the bulk density of the composite material is 430 kg / m³. 3 .

[0032] In this embodiment, a composite material prefabrication mold is used to fabricate a honeycomb-shaped composite material prefabricated block 1 under vibration. Airflow and heat exchange channels are arranged at certain intervals inside the composite material prefabricated block 1. The end faces of the composite material prefabricated block 1 adopt an alternating convex-concave design to facilitate modular stacking of the composite material prefabricated blocks 1. Curing is carried out for 28 days at room temperature and a relative humidity of over 96%. After curing, free water exists inside the pores of the honeycomb composite material prefabricated block, forming various hydrates in the gel, such as… The honeycomb composite preform 1 was subjected to solid-state sintering and ceramic heat treatment at 800℃, with the temperature rise controlled at 40℃ / h. Through this heat treatment, the free water within the pores of the composite material first undergoes a phase change to become water vapor, which is then discharged from the pore structure of the composite preform 1. Then, the chemically bound water in the gel hydrate is dehydrated and discharged from the composite preform 1, forming… , , Dehydrated substances; finally, at 800℃, it forms , Materials such as these are sintered in a solid-state process to form ceramic bonds, and then naturally cooled to ambient temperature. The composite material preform 1 prepared by the above method has a thermal conductivity of 1.8-2.0 W / mK, a specific heat capacity of 1.5-1.8 J / gK, a compressive strength of 55-65 MPa, and a temperature resistance of over 800℃, exhibiting superior material properties and being less prone to breakage.

[0033] like Figure 4 The pressurized water nuclear reactor nuclear steam supply system shown in the diagram transfers the heat generated by the nuclear reactor to the steam generator 9 in the secondary loop. The water on the secondary side of the steam generator 9 is heated into saturated steam, which then flows through the steam pipeline to the high-pressure cylinder 10 of the steam turbine, the low-pressure cylinder 11 of the steam turbine, the first generator 12, the condenser 13, the feedwater pump 14, and the feedwater heater 15, thus forming the nuclear steam supply system.

[0034] like Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, when power demand is low, the steam from the secondary side of the steam generator 9 is proportionally diverted to the bypass branch AB according to the power regulation depth requirements. Through heat exchange in the steam-air heat exchanger 16, and using the first air compressor 18, the thermal energy is stored in the first composite material thermal energy storage device 17. When power demand is high, a single-stage open-loop air circulation method is used. The air flows through the second air compressor 19, is compressed, and then flows through the JHI pipeline. After preheating by the regenerator 20, the compressed air flows through the first composite material thermal energy storage device 17 to absorb thermal energy, and then enters the first air turbine 21 for expansion and work, driving the second generator 22 to generate electricity. The air after expansion and work flows through the KL pipeline, is cooled by heat exchange in the regenerator 20, and is then directly discharged.

[0035] To improve maximum net output power, a two-stage open-loop air circulation system can be adopted. In this system, the air-to-electricity system of the pressurized water reactor nuclear power unit's power regulation system includes two-stage air compressors, a regenerator 20, two-stage composite material thermal energy storage devices, two-stage air turbines, and two-stage generators. An intermediate cooling heat exchange arrangement is used between the two-stage air compressors, and a composite material thermal energy storage device is used for reheating within the two-stage turbines. Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, when power demand is low, the steam from the secondary side of the steam generator 9 is proportionally diverted to the bypass branch AB according to the power regulation depth requirements. Through heat exchange in the steam-air heat exchanger 16, and using the first air compressor 18, the heat energy is stored in the second composite material heat energy storage device 23 and the third composite material heat energy storage device 24. When power demand is high, a two-stage open-loop air circulation method is used. The air flows through the third air compressor 25, is cooled by the intercooler 26, and then enters the fourth air compressor 27 for further compression. The compressed air flows through the JPQRS pipeline, is preheated by the regenerator 20, and then flows through the third composite material heat energy storage device 24 to absorb heat energy. It then enters the second air turbine 28 for expansion, driving the third generator 29 to do work. After entering the second composite material heat energy storage device 23 to absorb heat energy, it enters the third air turbine 30 for further expansion, driving the fourth generator 31 to do work. The expanded air flows through the KL pipeline, exchanges heat through the regenerator 20, and is then directly discharged.

[0036] This embodiment provides a power regulation system for a pressurized water reactor nuclear power unit. A bypass system is installed on the secondary steam pipeline of the steam generator 9 in the nuclear steam supply system of the pressurized water reactor. A composite material thermal energy storage subsystem and an air-to-electricity system are also installed. When power demand is insufficient but power production is excessive, the thermal energy generated by the pressurized water reactor is stored in the composite material thermal energy storage device 2. When power demand is high but power production is insufficient, the stored heat is released to generate electricity through the compression, heat absorption, and expansion of open-loop air, thus meeting the greater power demand. The selected composite material thermal energy storage medium has relatively low cost and can achieve thermal energy storage. The honeycomb composite material prefabricated blocks have advantages such as large specific surface area, low channel pressure drop, good thermal shock resistance, high thermal durability, high heat capacity, low cost, and ease of processing. In the open-loop air compression, heat absorption, and expansion power generation cycle, air acts as both a heat transfer fluid and a working fluid, making it a resource-rich component. This cycle can achieve a higher power density and features a more compact equipment structure and faster transient response.

[0037] Example 2 In a typical embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown in the figure. This embodiment discloses a power regulation method for a pressurized water reactor nuclear power unit, including: The pressurized water reactor's nuclear steam supply system heats the water on the secondary side of steam generator 9 into saturated steam; When the power demand is low, the steam bypass subsystem proportionally diverts the steam from the secondary side of the steam generator 9 to the composite material thermal storage subsystem according to the power regulation depth requirements. After heat exchange through the steam-air heat exchanger 16, the thermal energy is stored in the composite material thermal storage device. When the demand for electricity is high, a single-stage open-loop air circulation method is adopted. The air flows through the air compressor and is compressed and then preheated by the regenerator 20 to absorb the heat energy stored in the composite material heat storage device. Then it enters the air turbine to expand and do work, driving the generator to do work and generate electricity. After the air flows through the regenerator 20 to exchange heat and cool down, it is directly discharged.

[0038] Example 3 In a typical embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 7 and Figure 8 The present embodiment provides a power regulation method for a pressurized water reactor nuclear power unit, including: The pressurized water reactor's nuclear steam supply system heats the water on the secondary side of steam generator 9 into saturated steam; When the power demand is low, the steam bypass subsystem proportionally diverts the steam from the secondary side of the steam generator 9 to the composite material thermal storage subsystem according to the power regulation depth requirements. After heat exchange through the steam-air heat exchanger 16, the thermal energy is stored in the composite material thermal storage device. When electricity demand is high, a two-stage open-loop air circulation method is adopted. The airflow is compressed by the air compressor and then cooled by the intercooler 26. It then enters another air compressor for secondary compression. The airflow after secondary compression is preheated by the regenerator 20, absorbing the heat energy stored in the composite material heat storage device. It then enters the air turbine for expansion and work, driving the generator to generate electricity. It then enters another composite material heat storage device module to absorb heat energy and enters another air turbine for secondary expansion, driving the generator to generate electricity. After the airflow has expanded and done work, it is cooled by heat exchange in the regenerator 20 and then directly discharged.

[0039] Example 4 In a typical embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment provides a pressurized water reactor nuclear power unit, which adopts a pressurized water reactor nuclear power unit power regulation system disclosed in Embodiment 1. The system mainly includes: a pressurized water reactor nuclear steam supply system and a bypass system installed on the secondary side steam pipeline of the steam generator 9 of the pressurized water reactor nuclear steam supply system. The bypass system includes a steam bypass subsystem, a composite material thermal storage subsystem, and an air-to-electricity system. The steam bypass subsystem is used to introduce excess steam from the pressurized water reactor nuclear steam supply system into the composite material thermal storage subsystem for thermal energy storage when power demand is low. When power demand is high, the air-to-electricity system absorbs the thermal energy stored in the composite material thermal storage subsystem through compressed air to drive the turbine to generate electricity.

[0040] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A power regulation system for a pressurized water reactor nuclear power unit, characterized in that, include: The pressurized water nuclear reactor nuclear steam supply system and the bypass system installed on the secondary steam pipeline of the steam generator in the pressurized water nuclear reactor nuclear steam supply system; The bypass system includes a steam bypass subsystem, a composite material thermal storage subsystem, and an air-to-electricity system. The steam bypass subsystem is used to introduce excess steam from the pressurized water reactor nuclear steam supply system into the composite material thermal storage subsystem for thermal energy storage. The air-to-electricity system absorbs the thermal energy stored in the composite material thermal storage subsystem through compressed air to drive the turbine to generate electricity. The composite material thermal storage subsystem includes a steam-air heat exchanger and a composite material thermal storage device. The steam-air heat exchanger is used to convert the introduced excess steam into thermal energy, which is then stored in the composite material thermal storage device. The composite material thermal storage device is a modular and expandable composite material thermal storage device, which includes a shell containing stacked honeycomb composite material prefabricated blocks. From this, outwards, there are composite material prefabricated block support structures, aluminum silicate fiber cotton insulation layers, and high-temperature glass wool insulation layers. The outer layer of the shell is a rock wool insulation layer. The air-powered electronic system includes an air compressor, a regenerator, an air turbine, and a generator. After the air flows through the air compressor and is compressed, it is preheated by the regenerator, absorbing the heat energy stored in the composite material heat storage device. Then, the air turbine expands and does work to drive the generator to generate electricity.

2. A power regulation system for a pressurized water reactor nuclear power unit, characterized in that, include: The pressurized water nuclear reactor nuclear steam supply system and the bypass system installed on the secondary steam pipeline of the steam generator in the pressurized water nuclear reactor nuclear steam supply system; The bypass system includes a steam bypass subsystem, a composite material thermal storage subsystem, and an air-to-electricity system. The steam bypass subsystem is used to introduce excess steam from the pressurized water reactor nuclear steam supply system into the composite material thermal storage subsystem for thermal energy storage. The air-to-electricity system absorbs the thermal energy stored in the composite material thermal storage subsystem through compressed air to drive the turbine to generate electricity. The composite material thermal storage subsystem includes a steam-air heat exchanger and a composite material thermal storage device. The steam-air heat exchanger is used to convert the introduced excess steam into thermal energy, which is then stored in the composite material thermal storage device. The composite material thermal storage device is a modular and expandable composite material thermal storage device, which includes a shell containing stacked honeycomb composite material prefabricated blocks. From this, outwards, there are composite material prefabricated block support structures, aluminum silicate fiber cotton insulation layers, and high-temperature glass wool insulation layers. The outer layer of the shell is a rock wool insulation layer. The air-powered electronic system includes a two-stage air compressor, a regenerator, a two-stage air turbine, and a two-stage generator. An intermediate cooling heat exchange arrangement is used between the two-stage air compressors, and a composite material heat storage device is used in the two-stage turbines for reheating.

3. A pressurized water reactor nuclear power unit power regulation system as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The interior of the composite material precast block is equipped with airflow and heat exchange channels at certain intervals. The end face of the composite material precast block adopts an alternating convex and concave form, which facilitates the modular stacking of the composite material precast blocks.

4. A pressurized water reactor nuclear power unit power regulation system as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The composite material thermal storage device is internally equipped with flow distribution and filters to distribute the flow of heat exchange gases and filter out fine dust particles. The composite material thermal storage device is connected to the relevant pipelines through pipes.

5. A method for power regulation of a pressurized water reactor nuclear power unit, characterized in that, include: The pressurized water reactor nuclear steam supply system heats the water on the secondary side of the steam generator into saturated steam; When the power demand is low, the steam bypass subsystem proportionally diverts the steam from the secondary side of the steam generator to the composite material thermal storage subsystem according to the power regulation depth requirements. After heat exchange through the steam-air heat exchanger, the thermal energy is stored in the composite material thermal storage device. When electricity demand is high, a single-stage open-loop air circulation method is adopted. The air flows through the air compressor and is compressed, then preheated by the regenerator to absorb the heat energy stored in the composite material heat storage device. Then it enters the air turbine to expand and do work, driving the generator to do work and generate electricity. After the air flows expand and do work, it passes through the regenerator to exchange heat and cool down before being discharged directly. Among them, the composite material thermal storage device is a modular and expandable composite material thermal storage device, including a shell, inside which are stacked honeycomb composite material prefabricated blocks, outward from which are composite material prefabricated block support structure, aluminum silicate fiber cotton insulation layer and high temperature glass wool insulation layer, and the outer layer of the shell is rock wool insulation layer.

6. A method for power regulation of a pressurized water reactor nuclear power unit, characterized in that, include: The pressurized water reactor nuclear steam supply system heats the water on the secondary side of the steam generator into saturated steam; When the power demand is low, the steam bypass subsystem proportionally diverts the steam from the secondary side of the steam generator to the composite material thermal storage subsystem according to the power regulation depth requirements. After heat exchange through the steam-air heat exchanger, the thermal energy is stored in the composite material thermal storage device. When electricity demand is high, a two-stage open-loop air circulation method is adopted. The airflow is compressed by an air compressor and then cooled by an intercooler. It then enters another air compressor for secondary compression. The airflow after secondary compression is preheated by a regenerator, absorbing the heat energy stored in the composite material heat storage device. It then enters an air turbine for expansion and work, driving a generator to generate electricity. It then enters another composite material heat energy storage device module to absorb heat energy and enters another air turbine for secondary expansion, driving a generator to generate electricity. After the airflow has expanded and done work, it is cooled by heat exchange in a regenerator and then directly discharged. Among them, the composite material thermal storage device is a modular and expandable composite material thermal storage device, including a shell, inside which are stacked honeycomb composite material prefabricated blocks, outward from which are composite material prefabricated block support structure, aluminum silicate fiber cotton insulation layer and high temperature glass wool insulation layer, and the outer layer of the shell is rock wool insulation layer.

7. A pressurized water reactor nuclear power unit, characterized in that, The power regulation system for a pressurized water reactor nuclear power unit as described in any one of claims 1-4 is adopted.

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