Positive and negative pressure combined seeding amount adjustable seed sowing device

Abstract

The invention discloses a positive and negative pressure combined seed quantity adjustable hill-drop seed sowing device which belongs to agricultural machinery. The front cavity shell and the rear cavity shell are oppositely fixed, the seed feeding pipe and the seed discharging pipe are fixed on the outside of the front cavity shell, the negative pressure air pipe and the intermittent positive pressure air pipe are fixed on the outside of the rear cavity shell, the transmission shaft is rotatably inserted into the central part of the rear cavity shell, the seed filling and discharging disc is fixed on the inner end of the transmission shaft, the seed filling through hole group composed of the central through hole, the circular ring through hole and the second and third ring through holes is arranged on the seed filling and discharging disc, the seed cleaning brush, the seed spacing plate and the base with the seed guiding plate are fixed in the cavity of the front cavity shell, the double-ring groove type seed quantity adjusting barrel and the seed quantity adjusting barrel and the internal thread sleeve are installed on the side surface of the seed filling and discharging disc located on the rear cavity shell, and the air sealing rotating plate and the air sealing base are installed in the rear cavity shell. The device realizes the combination of the seed quantity adjustment of the pneumatic seed sowing device and the negative pressure seed suction and the positive pressure seed discharge, and has the characteristics of adjustable seed quantity, convenient adjustment operation, strong adaptability and good seed sowing quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to agricultural machinery and mainly relates to a positive and negative pressure pneumatic combined seeding device with adjustable seed quantity. Background Technology

[0002] Because different seeds have varying tillering abilities, and due to differences in natural conditions and agronomic techniques across regions, the requirements for different seeds and agronomic methods also vary. Therefore, the number of seeds sown per hole during hill sowing differs. Thus, it is desirable for seed metering devices to have an adjustable seed quantity for different holes, adapting to and expanding their operational capabilities, achieving multi-purpose functionality. Furthermore, single-air suction seed metering devices rely solely on the weight of the seeds to detach from the holes on the metering disc after the negative pressure suction is removed. However, years of practical experience have shown that some seeds adsorbed in the holes are difficult to detach by their own weight and become stuck, resulting in missed sowing and empty holes, reducing the quality and effectiveness of the sowing operation. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to address the problems existing in the prior art and, in light of the actual needs of current mechanized sowing operations for air-suction seed metering devices, to develop and design a new structure of positive and negative pressure combined adjustable seed metering device. This device aims to achieve the goals of adjusting the number of seeds sown per hole according to different seed tillering abilities and different agronomical requirements, expanding adaptability, improving efficiency, avoiding seed jamming, reducing missed sowing in empty holes, and ensuring operational quality.

[0004] The objective of this invention is achieved as follows: the front cavity shell and the rear cavity shell are coaxially fixed relative to each other; a drive shaft is rotatably inserted into the center of the rear cavity shell; a seed filling and discharging disc is fixedly installed on the inner end of the drive shaft, located inside the cavity between the front and rear cavity shells; a group of seed filling through holes is evenly distributed along the circumference on the seed filling and discharging disc, the group of seed filling through holes consisting of a central through hole, two circular through holes, and three circular through holes, with the number of through holes increasing sequentially from the inside to the outside; outside the front cavity shell... The seed inlet pipe and seed outlet pipe are fixedly installed on the upper part of the shell. A seed cleaning brush, a seed separator plate, and a base are fixedly installed inside the front cavity shell, with the seed guide plate fixed to the base. Double-ring groove seeding regulating barrels are evenly distributed and fixed along the circumferential direction on one side wall of the rear cavity shell where the seed filling and discharging disc is located. A vent B is opened along the circumferential direction on the bottom wall of the outer ring groove of the double-ring groove seeding regulating barrel, and a vent C is opened along the circumferential direction on the inner wall of the inner ring groove of the double-ring groove seeding regulating barrel. A vent C is located on the outside of the double-ring groove seeding regulating barrel, at the vent holes... An internally threaded sleeve is axially movable at the lower part of B via a threaded engagement. This internally threaded sleeve has a closed or open engagement with the vent B. A dosing adjustment barrel is axially movable and inserted into the center hole of the double-ring groove dosing adjustment barrel via a threaded engagement. The barrel wall of the dosing adjustment barrel has a closed or open engagement with the vent C. A vent A is formed along the circumferential direction on the lower part of the dosing adjustment barrel wall. Vent A has a closed or open engagement with the inner wall of the center hole of the double-ring groove dosing adjustment barrel. The blind hole in the center of the seeding rate regulating barrel, the inner ring groove and the outer ring groove on the double-ring groove seeding rate regulating barrel are connected in sequence to the center through hole, the circular double ring through hole and the circular triple ring through hole of the seed filling and discharging disc, respectively; a sealing air plate is rotatably installed inside the rear cavity shell by means of a cylindrical pin; a negative pressure air pipe and an intermittent positive pressure air pipe are fixed on the outside of the rear cavity shell respectively; a sealing air seat is fixed inside the rear cavity shell, and the sealing air seat cooperates with the sealing air plate, thus forming a positive and negative pressure combined seeding rate adjustable hole seeding device.

[0005] This invention reliably avoids and solves the problem of seed jamming in the seed filling disc by using negative pressure pneumatic seed suction and positive pressure pneumatic blowing seed dispensing. At the same time, it uses the combination of seed filling holes on the seed filling disc with a double-ring groove seeding rate regulating barrel and seeding rate regulating barrel combination structure to realize the adjustment of seeding rate in the hole. It has the characteristics of novel, unique, reasonable and simple structure, good seeding quality, low empty hole and missed seeding rate, few seed jamming failures, simple, convenient and fast seeding rate adjustment operation, wide range of applications and strong adaptability. Attached Figure Description

[0006] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a positive and negative pressure combined adjustable seeding metering device;

[0007] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A right-side sectional view;

[0008] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A left-side sectional view;

[0009] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Rear sectional view;

[0010] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the double-ring groove type dispensing regulating tank and the assembly structure of the dispensing regulating tank;

[0011] Part number description in the image:

[0012] 1. Seed outlet pipe; 2. Rear cavity shell; 3. Internal threaded sleeve; 4. Seeding rate adjustment barrel; 4-1. Ventilation hole A; 5. Double ring groove seeding rate adjustment barrel; 5-1. Ventilation hole B; 5-2. Ventilation hole C; 6. Intermittent positive pressure air pipe; 7. Sealing air rotating plate; 8. Sealing air seat; 9. Drive shaft; 10. Negative pressure air pipe; 11. Filling and discharging disc; 11-1. Filling through hole group; 12. Front cavity shell; 13. Seed cleaning brush; 14. Seed separator plate; 15. Seed guide plate; 16. Base; 17. Cylindrical pin; 18. Seed inlet pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0013] The following is a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. A positive and negative pressure combined adjustable seeding device comprises a front cavity housing 12 and a rear cavity housing 2, which are coaxially fixed opposite each other. A drive shaft 9 is rotatably inserted into the center of the rear cavity housing 2. A seed filling and dispensing disc 11 is fixedly installed on the inner end of the drive shaft 9, located inside the cavity between the front cavity housing 12 and the rear cavity housing 2. A seed filling through-hole group 11-1 is evenly distributed along the circumference of the seed filling and dispensing disc 11. The seed filling through-hole group 11-1 consists of a central through-hole, two circular through-holes, and three circular through-holes, with the number of through-holes increasing sequentially from the inside out. In the front cavity... The seed inlet pipe 18 and seed outlet pipe 1 are fixedly mounted on the outside of the shell 12. A seed cleaning brush 13, a seed separator plate 14, and a base 16 are fixedly mounted inside the front cavity of the shell 12. A seed guide plate 15 is fixedly mounted on the base 16. Double-ring groove seeding regulating barrels 5 are evenly distributed and fixed along the circumferential direction on one side wall of the rear cavity shell 2 of the seed filling and discharging disc 11. Ventilation holes B5-1 are opened along the circumferential direction on the bottom wall of the outer ring groove of the double-ring groove seeding regulating barrel 5, and ventilation holes C5-2 are opened along the circumferential direction on the inner wall of the inner ring groove of the double-ring groove seeding regulating barrel 5. An internal threaded sleeve 3 is axially movable and threadedly fitted onto the outer surface of the dosing adjustment tank 5, located below the vent B5-1. The internal threaded sleeve 3 is either closed or open-fitted with the vent B5-1. A dosing adjustment tank 4 is axially movable and threadedly fitted into the central hole of the double-ring groove dosing adjustment tank 5. The wall of the dosing adjustment tank 4 is either closed or open-fitted with the vent C5-2. A vent A4-1 is formed along the circumferential direction on the lower side of the wall of the dosing adjustment tank 4. The vent A4-1 is connected to the double-ring groove dosing adjustment tank 5. The inner wall of the central hole of the section barrel 5 is either closed or open; the central blind hole of the seeding regulating barrel 4, the inner ring groove and the outer ring groove on the double-ring groove seeding regulating barrel 5 are connected to the central through hole, the circular two-ring through hole and the circular three-ring through hole of the seeding and discharging disc 11 respectively; the sealing plate 7 is rotatably installed inside the rear cavity shell 2 by means of the cylindrical pin 17, the negative pressure air pipe 10 and the intermittent positive pressure air pipe 6 are fixed on the outside of the rear cavity shell 2 respectively, and the sealing seat 8 is fixed inside the cavity of the rear cavity shell 2, and the sealing seat 8 cooperates with the sealing plate 7.

[0014] During operation, seeds are fed into the filling area of ​​the front cavity shell 12 through the seed inlet pipe 18 and with the help of the seed separator plate 14. The external rotational power drives the filling and discharging disc 11 through the transmission shaft 9, which in turn drives the double-ring groove seeding adjustment tank 5, the inner threaded sleeve 3, and the seeding adjustment tank 4 to rotate. The negative pressure gas in the negative pressure air pipe 10 begins to draw in air, creating a negative pressure chamber between the sealing seat 8 and the rear cavity shell 2. When the filling and discharging disc 11 drives the double-ring groove seeding adjustment tank 5, the inner threaded sleeve 3, and the seeding adjustment tank 4 to rotate into the negative pressure chamber, the seeds accumulated in the filling area of ​​the front cavity shell 12 are adsorbed onto the filling and discharging disc 11. In the seed filling hole group 11-1 on the 1, as the seed filling and discharging disc 11 continues to rotate, the sealing plate 7 is opened by the seed quantity regulating barrel 4 and the double-ring groove seed quantity regulating barrel 5. The inner threaded sleeve 3, the seed quantity regulating barrel 4, and the double-ring groove seed quantity regulating barrel 5 enter the positive pressure chamber formed by the sealing plate 7 and the inner cavity of the rear cavity shell 2. The sealing plate 7 closes. When the seed quantity regulating barrel 4 and the double-ring groove seed quantity regulating barrel 5 coincide with the seed filling hole group 11-1 on the seed filling and discharging disc 11, the positive pressure airflow blown out by the intermittent positive pressure air pipe 6 is guided by the seed inlet plate 15 to forcefully accelerate the seeds into the seed outlet pipe 1, completing the negative pressure seed suction and positive pressure seed discharging operation.

[0015] When seed sowing rate adjustment is required, before sowing, remove the rear cavity shell 2 from the front cavity shell 12. ① Use the internal threaded sleeve 3 to close the vent hole B5-1, rotate the seed sowing rate adjustment barrel 4 to move it axially on the double-ring groove seed sowing rate adjustment barrel 5, and detach the vent hole A4-1 from the central hole of the double-ring groove seed sowing rate adjustment barrel 5. Then, fix the rear cavity shell 2 to the front cavity shell 12. The negative pressure chamber in the rear cavity shell 2 is connected to the central through hole of the seed filling through hole group 11-1 on the seed filling and discharging disc 11 through the vent hole A4-1 and the barrel cavity of the seed sowing rate adjustment barrel 4, thus completing the seed sowing rate adjustment.

[0016] ② On the basis of operation ①, continue to rotate the seeding adjustment barrel 4 to open the vent C5-2 on the inner wall of the double-ring groove seeding adjustment barrel 5. The negative pressure chamber in the rear cavity shell 2 is connected to the central through hole and the circular double ring through hole of the seed filling through hole group 11-1 on the seed filling and discharging disc 11 through the vent A4-1, the barrel cavity of the seeding adjustment barrel 4 and the vent C5-2, and the inner ring groove of the double-ring groove seeding adjustment barrel 5, thereby completing the seeding adjustment.

[0017] ③ Based on the operation in ②, rotate the inner threaded sleeve 3 on the double-ring groove seeding adjustment barrel 5 to open the vent hole B5-1. The negative pressure chamber in the rear cavity shell 2 is connected to the seeding through the vent hole A4-1, the barrel cavity of the seeding adjustment barrel 4 and the vent hole C5-2, the inner ring groove of the double-ring groove seeding adjustment barrel 5, the vent hole B5-1, the outer ring groove of the double-ring groove seeding adjustment barrel 5 and the center through hole, the circular two-ring through hole and the circular three-ring through hole of the seeding and discharging disc 11, thus completing the seeding adjustment.

[0018] ④ Close all ventilation holes A4-1 and C5-2, and open ventilation hole B5-1. The negative pressure chamber inside the rear cavity shell 2 is connected to the circular three-ring through hole of the filling through hole group 11-1 on the filling and discharging disc 11 through ventilation hole B5-1 and the outer ring groove of the double-ring groove seeding adjustment barrel 5, thereby completing the seeding adjustment.

[0019] ⑤ Based on the operation in ①, open the vent B5-1. The negative pressure chamber inside the rear cavity shell 2 is connected to the central through hole and the circular three-ring through hole of the seed filling through hole group 11-1 on the seed filling and discharging disc 11 through the vent A4-1, the barrel cavity of the seeding adjustment barrel 4, the vent B5-1, and the outer ring groove of the double-ring groove seeding adjustment barrel 5, respectively, to complete the seeding adjustment.

[0020] This device allows for five different seeding rates to be adjusted.

Claims

1. A positive and negative pressure combined adjustable seeding metering device, characterized in that: The front cavity shell (12) and the rear cavity shell (2) are coaxially fixed to each other; a drive shaft (9) is rotatably inserted into the center of the rear cavity shell (2), and a seed filling and discharging disc (11) is fixed at the inner end of the drive shaft (9) in the cavity between the front cavity shell (12) and the rear cavity shell (2). A seed filling through hole group (11-1) is evenly distributed along the circumference on the seed filling and discharging disc (11). The seed filling through hole group (11-1) consists of a central through hole, a circular two-ring through hole, and a circular three-ring through hole, and the number of through holes increases from the inside to the outside; a seed inlet tube ( 18) and seed outlet tube (1), seed cleaning brush (13), seed separator plate (14) and base (16) are fixedly installed in the front cavity shell (12) respectively, and seed introduction plate (15) is fixedly installed on base (16); double ring groove seeding regulating barrel (5) is evenly distributed and fixedly installed on one side wall of the rear cavity shell (2) of the seed filling and discharging disc (11) in the circumferential direction, and ventilation hole B (5-1) is opened on the bottom wall of the outer ring groove of the double ring groove seeding regulating barrel (5) in the circumferential direction, and ventilation hole C (5-2) is opened on the inner wall of the inner ring groove of the double ring groove seeding regulating barrel (5) in the circumferential direction. An internal threaded sleeve (3) is axially movable via a threaded fit on the exterior, located below the vent B (5-1). The internal threaded sleeve (3) is in a closed or open fit with the vent B (5-1). A dispensing adjustment barrel (4) is axially movable via a threaded fit inside the center hole of the double-ring groove dispensing adjustment barrel (5). The barrel wall of the dispensing adjustment barrel (4) is in a closed or open fit with the vent C (5-2). A vent A (4-1) is formed along the circumferential direction on the lower side of the barrel wall of the dispensing adjustment barrel (4). The vent A (4-1) is in a closed or open fit with the center of the double-ring groove dispensing adjustment barrel (5). The inner wall of the hole is either closed or open; the blind hole in the center of the seeding regulating barrel (4), the inner ring groove and the outer ring groove on the double-ring groove seeding regulating barrel (5) are connected to the center through hole, the circular two-ring through hole and the circular three-ring through hole of the seeding and discharging disc (11) respectively; the sealing plate (7) is rotatably installed inside the rear cavity shell (2) by means of a cylindrical pin (17), the negative pressure air pipe (10) and the intermittent positive pressure air pipe (6) are fixed on the outside of the rear cavity shell (2) respectively, and the sealing seat (8) is fixed inside the cavity of the rear cavity shell (2), and the sealing seat (8) cooperates with the sealing plate (7).

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