Lead-acid battery electric two-wheeler charging management system and charging control method

Abstract

The application discloses a lead-acid battery charging control method, which comprises the following stages: constant current charging: inputting a charger module maximum rated current to a charging loop; voltage limiting charging: when the voltage of the lead-acid battery rises to a preset charging limit voltage, the charger module maintains the voltage on the charging loop at the charging limit voltage, the current on the charging loop gradually decreases, and the current on a heating loop gradually increases for heating the battery; current limiting charging: when the charging current on the charging loop decreases to a preset charging limit current, the charger module maintains the charging limit current input to the charging loop, and the remaining output power of the charger module is used for the heating loop; constant voltage charging: the charger module maintains the voltage on the charging loop at the highest limit voltage of the battery for charging. The problems of insufficient endurance of the battery in a low-temperature environment and influence of long-time charging in a high-voltage area on the service life are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to a lead-acid battery charging control method, and more particularly to a charging management system and charging control method for electric two-wheeled vehicles based on lead-acid batteries. Background Technology

[0002] When using or charging lead-acid batteries in ordinary household electric two-wheelers in low-temperature environments, users often complain about problems such as the vehicle not being able to travel far and the battery not lasting long.

[0003] The main reasons are: 1. The activity of lead-acid batteries decreases under low temperature conditions, resulting in a reduction in charge and discharge capacity;

[0004] 2. Conventional chargers use a three-stage charging mode (constant current, constant voltage, and float charging), with the high-voltage phase of the constant voltage stage lasting approximately 120 minutes. Laboratory data shows that excessively long high-voltage periods can cause battery water loss, leading to a rapid decline in battery life and affecting its charge / discharge capacity. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention discloses a charging control method for lead-acid batteries, which solves the problems of insufficient battery life when charging in low-temperature environments and the impact on battery life when charging in high-voltage areas for extended periods.

[0006] A lead-acid battery charging control method, programmed into a control chip within a charger module, is used to control the input power in the charging and heating circuits of the lead-acid battery during charging. The method includes the following stages:

[0007] Constant current charging: The charger module's maximum rated current is input to the charging circuit for battery charging;

[0008] Voltage-limited charging: Based on the preset lead-acid battery charging limit voltage, when the lead-acid battery voltage rises to the charging limit voltage, the charger module maintains the voltage on the charging circuit at the charging limit voltage, the current on the charging circuit gradually decreases, and the current on the heating circuit gradually increases to heat the battery;

[0009] Current-limited charging: According to the preset charging circuit charging limit current, when the charging current in the charging circuit drops to the charging limit current, the charger module maintains the charging limit current input to the charging circuit, and the remaining output power of the charger module is used for heating the circuit.

[0010] Constant voltage charging: The charger module maintains the voltage on the charging circuit at the battery's maximum limit voltage during charging to prevent overcharging.

[0011] In this application, a constant current to voltage-limited to current-limited to constant voltage charging method is adopted. By limiting the charging voltage in the voltage-limited charging stage, the power of the charger module is transferred to heat the battery to a suitable operating temperature, thereby increasing the battery capacity. In the current-limited charging stage, the charging current is reduced to avoid overcharging and the battery is charged to near full capacity, thereby shortening the duration of the subsequent constant voltage charging stage. This helps to reduce the charging time of the battery at its maximum limiting voltage, avoid battery water loss, and extend battery life.

[0012] Several alternative methods are provided below, but they are not intended as additional limitations on the overall solution above. They are merely further additions or optimizations. Provided there are no technical or logical contradictions, each alternative method can be combined individually with respect to the overall solution above, or multiple alternative methods can be combined with each other.

[0013] Optionally, the sum of the currents in the charging circuit and the heating circuit is equal to the maximum rated current of the charger module.

[0014] Optionally, in the constant current charging stage, constant current charging is performed in response to the voltage value of the lead-acid battery when the voltage value is lower than the charging limit voltage.

[0015] Optionally, the charging limiting voltage is 80%-95% of the battery's maximum limiting voltage.

[0016] Optionally, in the voltage-limiting charging stage, voltage-limiting charging is performed in response to the voltage value of the lead-acid battery when the voltage value reaches the charging limit voltage.

[0017] During the current-limited charging phase, in response to the voltage value of the lead-acid battery and the charging current value in the charging circuit, the lead-acid battery is current-limited charged when the voltage value is at the charging limit voltage and the charging current value reaches the charging limit current.

[0018] Optionally, in the constant voltage charging stage, constant voltage charging is performed after the voltage value of the lead-acid battery reaches the battery's maximum limiting voltage, in response to the voltage value of the lead-acid battery.

[0019] Optionally, the charging control method further includes a trickle charging stage, wherein the constant voltage charging stage has a preset limited charging time, and trickle charging begins after the preset time is reached, in order to solve the problem of battery phantom charge.

[0020] Optionally, the charging control method further includes a battery preheating stage, in which a battery preheating time is preset, and the charger module responds to a cloud server signal to supply power to the charging circuit and the heating circuit.

[0021] This application also discloses a charging management system for electric two-wheeled vehicles based on lead-acid batteries, used to implement the above-mentioned charging control method, including a charger module, a battery module, and a charging management circuit;

[0022] The battery module contains a lead-acid battery pack and an electric heating element. The charger module is connected to the battery module to form a charging circuit that supplies power to the lead-acid battery pack and a heating circuit that supplies power to the electric heating element.

[0023] The charging management circuit operates on the charging circuit and the heating circuit respectively, and is used to collect the charging current value, the lead-acid battery voltage value, and the current value on the heating circuit.

[0024] The charger module is communicatively connected to the charging management circuit and receives data collected by the charging management circuit to control the on / off state of the charging circuit and the heating circuit, as well as the magnitude of the conduction current.

[0025] Optionally, the above-mentioned charging management system also includes a 4G module, which is connected to the charging management circuit and is used to communicate with the cloud server and receive signals from the cloud server.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows:

[0027] 1. Used to control the staged charging of lead-acid batteries, reduce the charging time of the battery in the high voltage area, and avoid battery water loss problems;

[0028] 2. By using the excess power of the charger module for battery heating during the voltage-limited charging phase, the battery capacity is increased. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1a This is a block diagram of an embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 1b This is a block diagram of another embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a charger module in one embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a battery module in one embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a charging management circuit in one embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a block diagram of an embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 6This is a voltage / current diagram of the charging circuit in one embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 7 This is a current diagram of the heating circuit in one embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 8 This is a general circuit diagram of one embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 9 This is a circuit diagram of a 5-volt power supply circuit in one embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 10 This is a circuit diagram of a temperature sampling circuit in one embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 11 This is a circuit diagram of a battery voltage sampling circuit in one embodiment of this application;

[0041] Figure 12 This is a circuit diagram of the charging current sampling circuit and the heating current sampling circuit in one embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 13 This is a circuit diagram of a heating control circuit in one embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 14 This is a circuit diagram of a bidirectional charger with a single-line circuit and a microcontroller in one embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0045] It should be noted that when a component is said to be "connected" to another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or it can be connected to a component in between. When a component is said to be "set on" another component, it can be directly set on the other component or it may be set to a component in between.

[0046] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the application. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] One embodiment of this application discloses a charging control method for electric two-wheeled vehicles based on lead-acid batteries, which is applied to a battery pack module with electric heating function.

[0049] The aforementioned battery module with electric heating function is pluggably connected to the charger module, thereby forming a charging circuit for charging the lead-acid battery pack and a heating circuit for powering the electric heating element.

[0050] The above-mentioned charging control method includes: when the battery pack module is charging, collecting the charging current value and charging voltage value of the charging circuit where the lead-acid battery pack is located; the heating current value of the heating circuit where the electric heating element is located; and the battery temperature value of the battery pack module as a whole.

[0051] Based on the above values, when the charger module is working, it allocates or controls its total output power for battery heating and battery charging, that is, it adjusts the current in the heating circuit and the charging circuit.

[0052] This aims to increase battery capacity and reduce charging time in high-voltage areas under cold conditions, thereby avoiding problems such as insufficient battery life and battery water loss.

[0053] As an explanation, conventional charger modules on the market currently have a built-in microcontroller to implement three charging modes (constant current, constant voltage, and float charging). This microcontroller is used to program the charging strategy and acts as a controller to switch from constant current to constant voltage to float charging.

[0054] In the control method adopted in this application, the control method is also programmed into the microcontroller of the charger module. After the battery pack module is connected to the charger module, the charging strategy is changed according to the data collected above.

[0055] refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7 The above-mentioned charging control method specifically includes dividing the charging of the battery pack module into the following stages:

[0056] Phase 1: Constant Current Charging

[0057] During this stage, the entire power of the charger module is allocated to the charging circuit to charge the lead-acid battery pack at its maximum rated current, enabling fast charging of the lead-acid battery pack. (This maximum rated current refers to the charger's maximum output current.)

[0058] refer to Figure 6 In Phase 1, in response to the current voltage value on the lead-acid battery pack, when the battery voltage value is less than the charging limit voltage V2 (the battery is in a low remaining capacity state), the charger module adopts a constant current charging mode with a current I1. a This serves as the charging current.

[0059] Phase Two: Voltage-Limited Charging

[0060] During this stage, the charging voltage of the lead-acid battery pack is limited to maintain a constant voltage value, and the current in the charging circuit gradually decreases. Simultaneously, the reduced current is redistributed by the charger module to the heating circuit for heating the lead-acid battery pack, bringing the battery to a suitable charging temperature, which helps improve battery capacity at low temperatures.

[0061] refer to Figure 6 Phase Two: In response to the charging voltage value (charging voltage, i.e., the battery voltage in the charging circuit), when the charging voltage value reaches the charging limit voltage V2, the charging voltage supplied by the charger module to the battery is limited, maintaining the current voltage value at the charging limit voltage V2. At this time, the charging current value gradually decreases, such as current I2. a Conversely, the heating current value shows a gradual increasing trend, such as Figure 7 Medium current I2 b .

[0062] Furthermore, the current I2 a With current I2 b The sum equals the maximum rated current I1 a .

[0063] Phase 3: Current-limited charging

[0064] During this stage, while heating the lead-acid battery pack, a small current is maintained to charge it until the battery pack is nearly fully charged. Using a small current for charging offers the advantage of high controllability and avoids overcharging.

[0065] refer to Figure 6 In response to the charging current value, when the charging current value decreases to current I3 a When (charging current is limited), it will remain at current I3. a Charge the battery. Simultaneously, control and maintain the current I3. b Used for battery heating. This stage uses a small current to charge the battery until the battery voltage is close to the full charge voltage, reducing damage to the battery electrodes and electrolyte decomposition, which helps extend the battery's cycle life. Furthermore, using a small current for charging offers the advantage of high controllability and avoids overcharging.

[0066] Phase 4: Constant Voltage Charging

[0067] During this stage, the lead-acid battery pack is charged at its maximum limiting voltage to bring it to its maximum voltage value and prevent overcharging.

[0068] refer to Figure 6 Phase four: Maintain the charging voltage at V4.

[0069] In one embodiment of this application, the battery charging stage further includes:

[0070] Phase 5: Trickle Charging

[0071] In this stage, the issue of virtual battery charge is addressed. After a preset charging time t3 in stage four, the battery is considered fully charged. Then, the battery is charged with a small current for a preset charging time T4. After the preset charging time T4 is reached, the charger stops working.

[0072] Phase Six: Battery Preheating

[0073] During this stage, in response to the battery temperature value and the control signal from the cloud server, the system receives the control signal from the cloud server via the 4G module and controls the power supply to supply power to the charging circuit and the heating circuit before the predicted usage time is reached.

[0074] Phase six above is applied to travel in cold weather. Preheating the battery before travel improves battery life. It predicts usage time by analyzing user operation logs to understand weekday battery usage and departure times, allowing for preheating of the battery in advance.

[0075] Users should ensure the battery is at a suitable operating temperature before setting off to extend the driving range.

[0076] The table below shows the charging voltage / current values ​​of lead-acid batteries charged using the above-described charging control method.

[0077]

[0078] Note: The charging voltage in the table refers to the voltage of a single battery cell. For example, if a 72V battery is in the first stage of constant current charging, the charging voltage is 13.8V × 6 = 82.8V.

[0079] To facilitate understanding, the above charging control method will be further explained (refer to the table above, ...). Figure 6 , Figure 7 ).

[0080] in, Figure 6 Voltage / current diagram of the charging circuit when charging the battery. Figure 7 Current diagram of the heating circuit when charging the battery.

[0081] In traditional battery charging, the battery quickly reaches a high voltage through constant current charging, and then maintains this high voltage for constant voltage charging. Prolonged high-voltage charging can cause lead-acid batteries to lose water, leading to a reduction in battery life.

[0082] The differences between stages one through four above and traditional battery charging modes (constant current to constant voltage) are as follows:

[0083] Traditional battery charging mode: The battery voltage is charged to 90% of the battery capacity using constant current charging, and then the battery is charged to 100% of the battery capacity using constant voltage charging with the battery's maximum limit voltage.

[0084] In this application, firstly, in the first stage, constant current charging is used to charge the battery to the charging limit current V2 (the value of the charging limit current V2 is selected in the range of 80%-95% of the value of the highest charging limit voltage V4, usually 85% of the value of the highest charging limit voltage V4 is selected, which can also be understood as 85% of the battery capacity).

[0085] Then, in stage two, the voltage is limited to the charging limit current V2, and a portion of the current in the charging circuit is allocated to the heating circuit to regulate the battery temperature and improve the battery capacity.

[0086] Phase 3, using a small current (charging limit current I3) a This gradually charges the battery to near its maximum limiting voltage, V4. This reduces the time the battery spends charging in the high-voltage zone, decreases water loss, and extends battery life.

[0087] Finally, in stage four, the lead-acid battery pack is charged at the maximum limiting voltage V4 to bring it to its maximum voltage value and prevent overcharging.

[0088] To address the issue of water loss in lead-acid batteries caused by prolonged high-voltage charging (referring to charging the battery at its maximum limiting voltage), thus extending battery life, this application improves upon the following: In stage two, the charging current is allocated to the heating circuit to increase battery capacity in cold environments; in stage three, a small-current constant-current charging method is used to bring the battery close to full charge. This smaller current is more controllable, preventing overcharging and reducing the charging time at the battery's maximum limiting voltage.

[0089] Example 2

[0090] refer to Figure 1a and Figure 1b This application discloses a charging management system for electric two-wheeled vehicles based on lead-acid batteries, used to implement the charging control method in Embodiment 1 above. The charging management system includes a charger module, a charging management circuit, and a battery module.

[0091] The charging management system includes a charging circuit and a heating circuit. The charger module outputs current to the charging circuit and the heating circuit. The charging management circuit works with the charger module to control the magnitude and on / off state of the current in the charging circuit and the heating circuit. The battery module includes a lead-acid battery pack connected to the charging circuit and an electric heating element connected to the heating circuit.

[0092] It should be noted that the above-mentioned charging management circuit can be integrated into the charger module, integrated into the battery module, or set up as a separate charging management module on the electric two-wheeler.

[0093] Furthermore, during operation, the charger module can acquire its own output power (including current and voltage) in real time; the charging management module can measure the temperature inside the battery module to obtain the battery temperature value, as well as the battery operating values ​​on the charging circuit (including real-time charging current and charging voltage values).

[0094] By comparing the battery operating values ​​and battery temperature values ​​with the corresponding preset reference values, the charging management module allocates power to the battery module in the charging circuit and heating circuit, provided that the preset conditions are met.

[0095] The charger module connects to an external power source and outputs DC power to the lead-acid battery pack and the heating element, forming a charging circuit and a heating circuit respectively.

[0096] The charging management circuit includes a first control chip and a heating control circuit. The first control chip is connected to the heating control circuit to control the current flow in the heating circuit.

[0097] The charger module is communicatively connected to and cooperates with the charging management circuit to execute the charging control method in Example 1 based on the above-mentioned charging current and charging voltage values.

[0098] For details, please refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 In one embodiment of this application, the charging management circuit is modularized to form an independent charging management module.

[0099] The charging management module also includes a heating current detection circuit connected to the heating circuit, a voltage sampling circuit and a charging current sampling circuit connected to the charging circuit, and a battery temperature detection circuit.

[0100] The heating current detection circuit is used to detect the current on the heating element and works with the heating control circuit to protect the heating element from short circuits and overcurrent.

[0101] A voltage sampling circuit is used to obtain the charging voltage value.

[0102] The charging current sampling circuit is used to obtain the above charging current value to prevent overcharging and undercharging, and to dynamically adjust the charging strategy based on the battery charging data fed back by the charging current sampling circuit.

[0103] The battery temperature detection circuit is partially located inside the battery module. It monitors the temperature inside the battery module in real time through a temperature sensor, obtains the battery temperature value, and feeds it back to the first control chip. This serves as the basis for the heating control circuit to control the on / off state or magnitude of the current on the heating element, and is used to adjust the current distribution strategy of the charging circuit and the heating circuit.

[0104] Furthermore, the charging management module also includes a runaway protection circuit, which achieves runaway protection by blowing a fuse. The runaway protection circuit is located on the heating circuit.

[0105] In some embodiments, the heating control circuit may use a MOSFET to control the magnitude and on / off state of the current in the heating circuit, and receive the battery temperature value, charging voltage value, and charging current value through the first control chip for dynamic adjustment.

[0106] The first control chip can be an N32L43x series microcontroller.

[0107] refer to Figure 2 and Figure 5 In some embodiments, the charger module includes a transformer and rectifier circuit for converting external power into rated DC power for output, as well as a charger current detection circuit and a charging switch control circuit.

[0108] The transformer converts the input voltage from the external power supply into the charging voltage required by the battery by adjusting the turns ratio of the primary and secondary coils. The rectifier circuit converts pulsating current into smooth current, reducing fluctuations and obtaining a stable DC voltage. Simultaneously, it blocks reverse current, preventing damage to other components of the charger from reverse connection of the digital battery or reverse electromotive force from the load.

[0109] The charging switch control circuit is used to control the conduction and disconnection of the current in the charger module, so as to realize the synchronous and rapid switching of the charging circuit and the heating circuit. This can reduce the energy consumption during conduction and improve the charging efficiency. When combined with the monitoring circuit (such as the charger current detection circuit mentioned above), it can realize power-off protection in case of short circuit, overcurrent and overheating.

[0110] Further reference Figure 1a A communication circuit is provided between the charger module and the charging management module, which can be used to transmit control signals from the charging management module and information on the current output power of the charger module.

[0111] The aforementioned communication circuit can be one of the following: bidirectional one-wire communication circuit, CAN communication, or 485 communication.

[0112] Furthermore, due to the pin count limitation of the external wiring harness connector on the charger module, and to avoid designing a dedicated connector from scratch, a bidirectional one-wire communication circuit is used as the communication circuit. This reduces the number of wiring harnesses and makes it easier to adapt to the pin count of the external wiring harness connector on the charger module.

[0113] In this application, the charger module is equipped with a second control chip, which is model CM9M13X.

[0114] Furthermore, the second control chip is used to program the charging control method in Embodiment 1 as an improved charging method, and also programs the existing constant current to constant voltage charging method as the default charging method.

[0115] The second control chip is connected to the first control chip via a bidirectional one-wire communication circuit. After the charger module is connected to the battery module, the second control chip and the first control chip transmit handshake signals through the bidirectional one-wire communication circuit for identification. Successful identification between the second control chip and the first control chip serves as a prerequisite for executing the charging control method in the first embodiment.

[0116] Furthermore, the aforementioned current values, charging voltage values, and battery temperature values ​​are transmitted via a two-way one-wire communication circuit as the basis for executing a certain stage of the charging control method in Embodiment 1.

[0117] If the handshake signal recognition fails or the above parameters fail to be recognized, charging will proceed using the default charging method.

[0118] refer to Figure 1b In one embodiment of this application, the charging management circuit can be integrated into the charger module, which can improve the adaptability of this charging management system and connect it to more two-wheeled electric vehicles with battery heating function to form the charging management system in this application.

[0119] Furthermore, when the charging management circuit is integrated into the charger module, the charger module may not need to have a second control chip. Instead, the charging control method described in Embodiment 1 above can be directly programmed into the first control chip as an improved charging method, and an existing constant current to constant voltage charging method can be programmed as the default charging method.

[0120] Furthermore, the current on the MOSFET is controlled by the first control chip to distribute the current between the heating circuit and the charging circuit.

[0121] refer to Figure 1a The aforementioned charging management system also includes a 4G communication module for connecting to the Internet, uploading user usage data to a cloud server, and then organizing and classifying the user usage data. Through clustering algorithms and time series prediction models, it anticipates future demand and remotely controls the charging management system.

[0122] The aforementioned user data includes sensor data and operation logs. The methods of collecting user data include data acquisition through sensors installed on the electric bicycle and uploading battery usage information.

[0123] The sensor data includes records of daily usage times, geographical location and mileage trajectory, and ambient temperature, obtained through built-in sensors (timestamp, GPS, temperature sensor). The operation logs include historical behavioral data such as user charging and discharging frequency and battery load changes.

[0124] Then, through sorting and categorizing, the cycle is divided according to natural days to identify high-frequency and low-frequency usage periods (such as weekday morning and evening commuting periods); typical scenarios are marked (such as marking based on historical travel: user's home address and company address), and a behavior classification library is established for charging planning to improve the level of intelligence; key indicators of daily use are quantified: usage period, frequency, time, fixed mileage, and distance.

[0125] User usage data uploaded to the cloud server based on the 4G communication module can be used for intelligent charging planning (e.g., adjusting heating strategies according to different ambient temperatures; preheating the battery by energizing the heating circuit according to the user's commuting distance and time period), and for charging reminders, etc.

[0126] Specifically, regarding the method for collecting user data, please refer to the patent publication text of the applicant's earlier application with publication number "CN202510333859.2" entitled "A Data Acquisition Method Device Electronic Equipment and Storage Medium".

[0127] It should be noted that the charger module, battery module, and charging management module mentioned above can be independent of each other, or the circuits contained in the charging management module can be merged into one or both of the charger module and charging management module, thus changing the external form.

[0128] Example 3

[0129] To implement the charging management system and charging control method in Embodiments 1 and 2 above, this application also discloses a circuit for the above-mentioned charging management system.

[0130] refer to Figure 8 The circuit disclosed includes a battery voltage sampling circuit, a 5-volt power supply circuit, a temperature sampling circuit, a charging current sampling circuit, a heating current sampling circuit, a runaway protection circuit, a heating control circuit, a bidirectional charger one-line circuit, and a microcontroller U1 (i.e., the first control chip in the above embodiment).

[0131] like Figure 11As shown, the battery voltage sampling circuit includes resistors R27, R31, and R28 for voltage division. By measuring the voltage across resistor R28, the voltage is transmitted to pin 22 of the microcontroller U1 to obtain the aforementioned charging voltage value.

[0132] like Figure 9 As shown, the 5V power supply circuit includes a switching power supply chip U10 for controlling the control current output, capacitor C3 for filtering the current entering the switching power supply chip U10 from VCC1, and an LC filter network consisting of capacitor L2 and inductor C15 is set at the output terminal (VCC2) of the switching power supply chip U10 to output a stable 5V power supply.

[0133] like Figure 10 As shown, the temperature sampling circuit includes an RTC thermistor, a voltage divider resistor R17, and a filter capacitor C6, which transmit the data to pin 17 of the microcontroller U1 to obtain the battery temperature value.

[0134] like Figure 12 As shown, the constant current source chip U4 provides a 3.6V input, which serves as the reference voltage for current amplifiers U2 and U3;

[0135] The charging current sampling circuit includes a current amplifier U2, and current sensing resistors R39, R37, and R38 are connected in series at the negative terminal of the battery for current sampling. The current amplifier U2 amplifies the differential signal and transmits it to pin 15 of the microcontroller U1 to obtain the charging current value.

[0136] The heating current sampling circuit (same as the heating current detection circuit in Embodiment 1) includes a current amplifier U3, which is connected to the heating circuit and transmits the data to pin 14 of the microcontroller U1 to obtain the heating circuit current value.

[0137] refer to Figure 13 In the heating control circuit, when the microcontroller U1 determines that the battery needs to be heated, pin 18 of the microcontroller U1 controls the MOSFET Q5 to conduct, thus powering on the heating circuit.

[0138] The runaway protection circuit uses the output signal of the microcontroller U1 to control the conduction of transistor Q3, and the sequential conduction or deactivation of transistors Q2 and Q1, which, together with the three-terminal fuse F1, realizes the runaway protection of the heating circuit.

[0139] like Figure 14 As shown, the bidirectional charger has a single-wire circuit.

[0140] It should be noted that, for the sake of brevity, the naming of some circuits in this embodiment differs from that of the circuits in each module of Embodiment 1. The functions of each circuit in this embodiment can be compared with the functions of the circuits in each module of Embodiment 1.

[0141] The technical features of the embodiments described above can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as the combination of these technical features does not contradict each other, it should be considered to be within the scope of this specification. When technical features of different embodiments are embodied in the same drawing, it can be regarded as the drawing also disclosing examples of combinations of the various embodiments involved.

[0142] The embodiments described above are merely examples of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A lead-acid battery charging control method, wherein the method is programmed into a control chip within a charger module, and is used to control the input power of the charging circuit and heating circuit within the lead-acid battery during charging, characterized in that... The following stages are included in sequence: Constant current charging: The charger module's maximum rated current is input to the charging circuit for battery charging; Voltage-limited charging: Based on the preset lead-acid battery charging limit voltage, when the lead-acid battery voltage rises to the charging limit voltage, the charger module maintains the voltage on the charging circuit at the charging limit voltage, the current on the charging circuit gradually decreases, and the current on the heating circuit gradually increases to heat the battery; Current-limited charging: According to the preset charging circuit charging limit current, when the charging current in the charging circuit drops to the charging limit current, the charger module maintains the charging limit current input to the charging circuit, and the remaining output power of the charger module is used for heating the circuit. Constant voltage charging: The charger module maintains the voltage on the charging circuit at the battery's maximum limit voltage during charging to prevent overcharging.

2. The lead-acid battery charging control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sum of the currents in the charging circuit and the heating circuit is equal to the maximum rated current of the charger module.

3. The lead-acid battery charging control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the constant current charging phase, constant current charging is performed in response to the voltage value of the lead-acid battery when the voltage value is lower than the charging limit voltage.

4. The lead-acid battery charging control method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The charging limit voltage is 80%-95% of the battery's maximum limit voltage.

5. The lead-acid battery charging control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the voltage-limited charging phase, voltage-limited charging is performed in response to the voltage value of the lead-acid battery when the voltage value reaches the charging limit voltage. During the current-limited charging phase, in response to the voltage value of the lead-acid battery and the charging current value in the charging circuit, the lead-acid battery is current-limited charged when the voltage value is at the charging limit voltage and the charging current value reaches the charging limit current.

6. The lead-acid battery charging control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the constant voltage charging phase, constant voltage charging is performed in response to the voltage value of the lead-acid battery, after the voltage value reaches the battery's maximum limiting voltage.

7. The lead-acid battery charging control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The charging control method further includes a trickle charging stage, wherein the constant voltage charging stage has a preset limited charging time, and trickle charging begins after the preset time is reached, in order to solve the problem of battery phantom charge.

8. The lead-acid battery charging control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The charging control method further includes a battery preheating stage, in which a battery preheating time is preset, and the charger module responds to a cloud server signal to supply power to the charging circuit and the heating circuit.

9. A charging management system for electric two-wheeled vehicles based on lead-acid batteries, used in the charging control method of claim 1, characterized in that, Includes a charger module, a battery module, and a charging management circuit; The battery module is equipped with a lead-acid battery pack and an electric heating element. The charger module is connected to the battery module to form a charging circuit that supplies power to the lead-acid battery pack and a heating circuit that supplies power to the electric heating element. The charging management circuit operates on the charging circuit and the heating circuit respectively, and is used to collect the charging current value, the lead-acid battery voltage value, and the current value on the heating circuit. The charger module is communicatively connected to the charging management circuit and receives data collected by the charging management circuit to control the on / off state of the charging circuit and the heating circuit, as well as the magnitude of the conduction current.

10. The charging management system for electric two-wheeled vehicles based on lead-acid batteries according to claim 9, characterized in that, It also includes a 4G module, which is connected to the charging management circuit and is used to communicate with the cloud server and receive signals from the cloud server.

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