Fermentation device for preparing organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of fermentation equipment, and specifically discloses a fermentation device for preparing organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure, which comprises a bottom frame, a film covering and a static aeration pipe group. The bottom frame is a rectangular frame, and a cushion layer is arranged in the hollow part of the bottom frame. The mixture of livestock and poultry manure and fermentation bacteria is stacked on the cushion layer to form a pile. The film covering is used to cover the top of the pile. The static aeration pipe group comprises a plurality of pipe fittings which penetrate the film covering and the pile in sequence. Each pipe fitting comprises a pre-buried pipe, a wind collector and a ventilation pipe valve. The pre-buried pipe comprises a first pipe body and a second pipe body. The wind collector is inserted into one end of the second pipe body on the windward side. The ventilation pipe valve is inserted into the other end of the second pipe body. The present application realizes oxygen-heat balance based on the strip pile composting fermentation technology, is suitable for the regions with low temperature and large diurnal temperature difference in spring, does not need turning pile treatment on the basis of covering and heat preservation measures, greatly reduces the labor cost, and can better meet the demand of balancing heat preservation and oxygen supply.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of fermentation equipment technology, and specifically relates to a fermentation device for preparing organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure. Background Technology

[0002] The agro-pastoral transition zone in northern my country has abundant organic fertilizer resources, such as cow manure. However, untreated cow manure not only has low fertilizer efficiency but also pollutes grasslands and subsequently enters water bodies with rainfall, causing serious non-point source pollution. Fermenting livestock and poultry manure into organic fertilizer is an important way to realize the resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure.

[0003] Windrow composting is a technology that uses continuous, long windrows to compost organic materials, employing natural ventilation or mechanical turning to regulate environmental conditions and achieve aerobic decomposition. It is a common method for the resource utilization of agricultural waste and livestock manure. The core principle of windrow composting is based on the metabolic activity of aerobic microorganisms, which decompose carbon, nitrogen, and other components in livestock manure into stable humus (organic fertilizer) under aerobic conditions. Through reasonable size design and turning operations, the windrow structure ensures sufficient oxygen and a suitable temperature inside the windrow (55-70℃ high temperature period can kill pathogens and weed seeds), ultimately achieving the harmless and resource-based transformation of the material.

[0004] In areas with low temperatures and large diurnal temperature variations during the spring planting season, windrow composting has significant drawbacks: low temperatures severely inhibit the activity of aerobic microorganisms, leading to a sharp drop in organic matter decomposition efficiency and extending the composting period from the normal 4-8 weeks to 10-16 weeks, often missing the window of opportunity for fertilizer application during spring planting. Forcibly shortening the period can result in uncomposted material that, when applied to farmland, competes for soil nitrogen or burns crop roots. Large diurnal temperature variations make it difficult for the compost pile to maintain temperatures above 55°C, failing to completely kill pathogens and weed seeds, resulting in poor harmlessness. Simultaneously, low temperatures slow water evaporation, making the compost pile prone to creating an anaerobic environment due to excessive moisture content, producing foul odors and causing nitrogen loss; low nighttime temperatures can also trigger freeze-thaw cycles, damaging the material structure and exacerbating aeration. To alleviate this problem, additional covering and insulation measures are needed (such as using PE film, HDPE film, etc.). However, since windrow composting relies on an aerobic environment, turning the compost is also necessary when using covering and insulation measures to balance the needs of "insulation" and "oxygen supply". Frequent turning undoubtedly increases material and labor costs, and the turning process can easily exacerbate heat loss, creating a vicious cycle. Ultimately, the compost often exhibits an uneven state of "internal ripening and external slag formation", resulting in poor nutrient balance and further affecting fertilizer efficiency.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of windrow composting fermentation technology to better balance the needs of "heat preservation" and "oxygen supply" in order to be suitable for areas with low temperatures and large temperature differences between day and night during the spring plowing season. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems, the purpose of this invention is to provide a fermentation device for preparing organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure, which better balances the needs for "heat preservation" and "oxygen supply," and is suitable for areas with low temperatures and large diurnal temperature differences during the spring plowing season.

[0007] The technical solution of this invention is: a fermentation device for preparing organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure, comprising a base frame, a covering membrane, and a static ventilation pipe assembly. The base frame is a rectangular frame with a pad layer in its hollow center. A mixture of livestock and poultry manure and fermentation agents is piled on top of the pad layer to form a pile. The covering membrane is used to cover the pile and is fixed to the base frame. The static ventilation pipe assembly includes multiple pipes that pass through the covering membrane and the pile in sequence. Each pipe includes a pre-embedded pipe, an air collection hood, and a ventilation valve. The pre-embedded pipe includes a first pipe body and a second pipe body. The middle section of the first pipe body is pre-embedded in the pile body, and multiple first ventilation holes are provided on the side wall of the middle section of the first pipe body. The middle section of the second pipe body is slidably fitted inside the first pipe body, and multiple second ventilation holes with the same structure as the first ventilation holes are provided on the side wall of the middle section of the second pipe body. The second pipe body slides along the length of the first pipe body, so that the second ventilation holes are misaligned with the first pipe body to reduce the size of the effective ventilation holes. The air collection hood is inserted at one end of the second pipe body on the windward side; the ventilation valve is inserted at the other end of the second pipe body.

[0008] Enhanced heat preservation and moisture retention to resist low temperature fluctuations: The membrane is fixed on the bottom frame to form a relatively closed space for the stack, which can effectively reduce the heat loss of the stack to the outside, alleviate the sudden drop in temperature caused by the temperature difference between day and night, and prolong the high temperature period; the padding layer in the hollow part of the bottom frame can isolate the low temperature of the ground and prevent the bottom of the stack from losing heat. At the same time, the membrane reduces excessive evaporation of water or rainwater infiltration, stabilizes the moisture content of the stack, and provides a suitable environment for microbial activity.

[0009] Dynamic ventilation control balances oxygen and heat demand: Multiple components of the static ventilation duct assembly are adjusted by sliding the second duct body, causing the second ventilation hole to be misaligned with the first ventilation hole of the first duct body. This allows for flexible control of ventilation volume based on diurnal temperature variations: ventilation holes are reduced at night when temperatures are low to minimize heat loss; ventilation is increased during the day when temperatures rise to replenish oxygen. The air collection hood utilizes natural wind to enhance airflow exchange without requiring additional power. Ventilation valves can assist in adjustment, balancing the maintenance of an aerobic environment with heat retention, thus avoiding the anaerobic spoilage problems caused by the conflict between ventilation and insulation in traditional windrow stacking.

[0010] Improved ease of operation and adaptability: The fittings of the static ventilation pipe assembly can be adjusted by sliding, and can be quickly opened and closed with the ventilation pipe valve to adapt to the oxygen demand at different stages of composting, such as high oxygen demand during high temperature period and oxygen control and heat preservation during low temperature period.

[0011] Ensuring compost quality and efficiency: Controllable ventilation through static ventilators reduces nitrogen loss and odor emissions, while the bedding layer prevents bottom material from caking and improves the uniformity of composting. Through coordinated control of temperature, humidity, and oxygen, the composting cycle in low-temperature environments can be shortened, avoiding the risk of "uncomposted" compost and ensuring that organic fertilizer meets standards in a timely manner during the spring planting season.

[0012] Furthermore, there are M×N first ventilation holes. M first ventilation holes are distributed circumferentially along the pipe axis of the first pipe to form a group of first ventilation holes, and N groups of first ventilation holes are distributed sequentially along the length of the first pipe.

[0013] M primary ventilation holes are distributed circumferentially along the pipe axis, releasing oxygen in 360° directions around the primary pipe, forming a "planar grid + three-dimensional radial" oxygen supply network. This avoids localized over- or under-oxygen supply caused by unidirectional ventilation. N sets of holes, distributed sequentially along the pipe length, cover the full depth of the pipe insertion into the pile. This three-dimensional hole distribution pattern, with its "circumferential encirclement + axial progression," can evenly deliver oxygen to different radial and axial regions of the pile without turning it over. This completely solves the problem of "central oxygen deficiency and peripheral over-oxygenation" caused by the lack of turning in traditional windrows, keeping the oxygen concentration difference between different parts of the pile within 5%, and significantly reducing the risk of localized anaerobic putrefaction.

[0014] Furthermore, the M second ventilation holes constitute a group of second ventilation holes, and the inside of the second pipe body is also provided with N first wind baffles. The first wind baffles are ring-shaped structures, and the outer ring of the first wind baffles is fixed on the inner wall of the second pipe body. The N first wind baffles are distributed in sequence corresponding to the N groups of second ventilation holes, and the first wind baffles are located on the side of the second ventilation hole group away from the air collecting hood.

[0015] The first wind deflector is located on the side of the second ventilation hole group furthest from the air intake shroud. It forms a "flow guide barrier" for the airflow introduced by the air intake shroud: when the airflow enters the second tube from the air intake shroud, the first wind deflector prevents the airflow from spreading irregularly to the rear end of the tube, forcing the airflow to preferentially enter the reactor body through the corresponding second and first ventilation holes. This directional flow guidance reduces energy loss caused by airflow turbulence inside the tube, improving ventilation efficiency by more than 20% compared to a design without a wind deflector. Especially in low-temperature environments, it allows limited natural wind energy to be more concentratedly delivered to the oxygen-requiring areas of the reactor body.

[0016] The circumferentially distributed array of M second ventilation holes, under the action of the first windbreak, creates a uniform pressure field for the airflow within the pipe at the hole array. After the windbreak blocks the airflow, the pressure inside the pipe increases in the hole array area, forcing the airflow to be uniformly ejected from the M circumferential holes. This avoids the problem of excessive ventilation in some holes and no ventilation in others due to differences in airflow velocity within the pipe. This pressure equalization effect keeps the airflow deviation of each ventilation hole within the same group within 5%. Combined with the matrix pipe layout with 30cm spacing, this further ensures the uniformity of oxygen supply throughout the entire pile and reduces localized differences in composting when the pile is not turned over.

[0017] Furthermore, the inner ring diameter of the N first wind deflectors decreases sequentially along the direction from the air collecting hood toward the ventilation duct valve.

[0018] As the inner diameter of the windbreak gradually decreases, the airflow pressure within the second pipe increases progressively: the pressure in the front perforation area is lower, meeting the basic oxygen supply needs of the surface layer; the pressure in the middle and rear perforation areas gradually increases, satisfying the high air pressure requirements of deep, compacted materials, which require stronger airflow to penetrate. This pressure gradient precisely matches the depth distribution of the N groups of second ventilation holes, increasing the ventilation volume of the deep perforation groups by 20%-30% compared to a uniform diameter design. This solves the problem of insufficient deep oxygen supply in traditional uniformly distributed perforations, further ensuring uniform composting throughout the entire pile when it is not turned over.

[0019] At night, when temperatures are low, cold air from outside can easily intrude through the ventilation openings. The gradually decreasing diameter of the wind deflectors creates a multi-level barrier: the inner diameter of the front wind deflector is larger, initially blocking most of the reverse airflow; the inner diameter of the middle and rear wind deflectors is smaller, creating a secondary barrier against the small amount of cold air penetrating the front. The smaller the diameter, the larger the blocking area and the stronger the effect. This gradual attenuation mechanism, combined with the closing of the ventilation valve, can create a gradient windbreak within the duct, making it more suitable for environments with large day-night temperature differences.

[0020] Furthermore, the inner ring diameter of the first windbreak is 1 / 5 to 1 / 3 of the diameter of the second pipe. This 1 / 5 to 1 / 3 diameter ratio effectively guides the airflow through the annular structure, forcing the airflow to preferentially exit from the second ventilation hole, while preventing airflow blockage within the pipe due to an excessively small inner ring. If the ratio is less than 1 / 5, the inner ring will be too narrow, easily causing airflow congestion and increasing pressure loss within the pipe; if it is greater than 1 / 3, the windbreak effect will be weakened, and directional airflow cannot be achieved. This ratio range allows 70% to 80% of the airflow to enter the reactor body through the ventilation hole, with only 20% to 30% of the airflow flowing backward along the pipe body. This ensures oxygen supply efficiency while reserving the necessary airflow for the rear hole group, adapting to the oxygen demand differences in reactor bodies at different depths.

[0021] Furthermore, multiple first ventilation holes are spirally distributed on the first pipe body. This spiral distribution creates a continuous spiral trajectory for the first ventilation holes in the circumference and axial direction of the first pipe body. Combined with the airflow guided by the first baffle, this allows oxygen to diffuse spirally into the pile body. This diffusion method breaks the airflow overlap blind zone of traditional linear hole distribution, creating rotational disturbances within the pile body and increasing the contact area with the material. Compared to an M×N matrix distribution pattern, the effective diffusion radius of oxygen within the pile body is significantly expanded, allowing deeper materials to come into more sufficient contact with oxygen even without turning the pile. Moreover, the spirally distributed first ventilation holes gradually change their circumferential position along the pipe length, adapting to density differences caused by gravity compaction at different depths of the pile body: shallow materials are loose, allowing the ventilation holes at the beginning of the spiral to quickly release oxygen; medium-deep materials are compacted, allowing the ventilation holes in the subsequent sections of the spiral, through staggered positions, to deliver oxygen to denser areas at different angles.

[0022] Furthermore, multiple second ventilation holes are spirally distributed on the second pipe body. Inside the second pipe body, a second wind baffle is also provided. This second wind baffle has a spiral structure and is fixed to the inner wall of the second pipe body, located on the side of the second ventilation hole furthest from the air collection hood. The spiral structure of the second wind baffle creates a rotating pressure field inside the pipe, ensuring uniform jet pressure at the spiral second ventilation holes. The airflow deviation at each hole along the same spiral trajectory is controlled within 1%. Simultaneously, the rotating airflow can cause micro-disturbance of the material in the pile, reducing localized oxygen stagnation dead zones and lowering the oxygen concentration difference in any area of ​​the pile to below 1%, completely solving the problem of uneven composting in non-turning scenarios.

[0023] Furthermore, the second wind deflector is a continuous spiral blade structure, with its outer spiral diameter completely fitted and fixed to the inner wall of the ventilation duct, and its inner spiral diameter forming a through-hole central channel. This continuous spiral blade structure efficiently converts the straight airflow introduced by the wind collector hood into a strong rotating airflow. The tight fit between the outer spiral diameter and the inner wall of the duct ensures no airflow leakage, with all airflow participating in rotational acceleration. This rotational kinetic energy causes the airflow to generate stronger radial penetration when ejected through the second ventilation hole, increasing the diffusion radius by 15%-20% compared to a non-continuous spiral structure. This allows it to easily penetrate the compacted material layer caused by low temperatures during spring plowing, increasing the oxygen concentration in the core area of ​​the pile by more than 20%, fully meeting the deep oxygen supply needs in scenarios where the pile is not turned over. The through-hole central channel formed by the spiral inner diameter can serve as an axial airflow supplement path: when the local oxygen demand in the pile increases sharply, some airflow can reach the rear end of the duct through the central channel and then be ejected through the second ventilation hole in the corresponding area, forming a dual-mode oxygen supply of "spiral diffusion as the main method and axial supplementation as a supplement." This design has significant advantages in low-temperature environments. It can provide oxygen evenly through rotating airflow and respond quickly to local hypoxia through the central channel. Compared with structures without a central channel, the oxygen supply response speed is improved by 30%.

[0024] Furthermore, the inner diameter of the spiral is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the diameter of the second tube. This 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 spiral inner diameter provides ample circumferential space for the rotating airflow, creating a channel between the blades and the tube wall, ensuring that 70% to 80% of the airflow participates in spiral acceleration, forming a highly penetrating rotating oxygen supply. Simultaneously, it retains 20% to 30% of the axial air supply through the central channel, enabling rapid response to local oxygen demand fluctuations in the reactor core. If the inner diameter is less than 1 / 3, the central channel is too narrow, resulting in insufficient axial air supply and an inability to cope with sudden oxygen deficiency; if it is greater than 1 / 2, the rotating airflow space is compressed, weakening the penetrating power. This proportional range maximizes the synergistic efficiency of the "rotating oxygen supply + axial air supply" dual-mode, further improving the oxygen supply response speed by 15% compared to a proportionally unbalanced design.

[0025] Furthermore, the wind collection hood is inserted into one end of the second pipe via a telescopic tube. In actual use, the position of the wind collection hood can be changed three-dimensionally via the telescopic tube. Due to the variable wind direction during the spring plowing season, the three-dimensional adjustment function allows the wind collection hood to flexibly adjust its orientation horizontally, vertically, and rotationally via the telescopic tube, always facing the oncoming wind direction. This dynamic wind-following capability improves wind collection efficiency by 30% to 40% compared to a design that can only adjust the distance. Even in weak winds, it can collect sufficient airflow through precise orientation, ensuring the oxygen supply to the reactor.

[0026] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are as follows: The membrane and bottom frame of this invention form a closed space for placing the compost, which can reduce heat diffusion, alleviate cooling caused by temperature differences, and prolong the high-temperature period; the padding layer of the bottom frame can insulate against the low temperature of the ground, and together with the membrane, stabilize the moisture content, providing a suitable environment for microorganisms. By sliding the second pipe, the second ventilation hole is misaligned with the first ventilation hole of the first pipe, which can adjust the ventilation volume, achieving nighttime hole contraction for heat preservation, daytime hole expansion for oxygen supplementation, and the air collection hood utilizing natural wind. The ventilation valve assists in regulation, balancing oxygen supply and heat preservation, and preventing anaerobic putrefaction. Furthermore, the sliding adjustment of the pipe, combined with the opening and closing of the ventilation valve, adapts to the oxygen requirements of different stages of composting.

[0027] This invention achieves oxygen and heat balance based on windrow composting fermentation technology. It is suitable for areas with low temperatures and large diurnal temperature differences during the spring plowing season. With the addition of insulation measures, there is no need for turning the compost pile, which greatly reduces labor costs and can better meet the needs of balancing "insulation" and "oxygen supply". Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is an exploded view of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the pipe fitting in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the pipe fitting in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a structural comparison diagram of the first and second tubes before and after misalignment in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the pipe fitting in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the pipe fitting in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the pipe fitting in Embodiment 3 of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the pipe fitting in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0029] Among them, 1-bottom frame, 10-pad layer, 2-film covering, 3-static ventilation pipe assembly, 30-pipe fitting, 31-embedded pipe, 311-first pipe body, 3110-first ventilation hole, 312-second pipe body, 3120-second ventilation hole, 3131-first windbreak, 3132-second windbreak, 32-air collection hood, 33-ventilation pipe valve, 34-telescopic pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The following is combined Figures 1 to 9 The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0031] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature; in the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0032] Example 1 like Figure 1 , Figure 2 The fermentation device for preparing organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure shown includes a base frame 1, a covering membrane 2, and a static ventilation pipe assembly 3. The base frame 1 is a rectangular frame, with a pad 10 placed in its hollow center. A mixture of livestock and poultry manure and fermentation inoculants is piled on top of the pad 10 to form a pile. The covering membrane 2 is used to cover the pile and is fixed to the base frame 1. The static ventilation pipe assembly 3 includes multiple pipes 30 that sequentially penetrate the covering membrane 2 and the pile, such as… Figure 3As shown, each pipe fitting 30 includes a pre-embedded pipe 31, an air collection hood 32, and a ventilation valve 33, such as Figure 4 As shown, the pre-embedded pipe 31 includes a first pipe body 311 and a second pipe body 312. The middle section of the first pipe body 311 is pre-embedded in the stack body, and multiple first ventilation holes 3110 are provided on the side wall of the middle section of the first pipe body 311. The middle section of the second pipe body 312 is slidably fitted inside the first pipe body 311, and multiple second ventilation holes 3120, which correspond one-to-one with the first ventilation holes 3110 and have the same structure, are provided on the side wall of the middle section of the second pipe body 312. The second pipe body 312 slides along the length of the first pipe body 311, so that the second ventilation holes 3120 are misaligned with the first pipe body 311 to reduce the size of the effective ventilation holes. A wind collector hood 32 is inserted at one end of the second pipe body 312 on the windward side; a ventilation valve 33 is inserted at the other end of the second pipe body 312.

[0033] It should be noted that: in this embodiment, a groove is provided on the bottom frame 1, and the edge of the covering film 2 passes through the groove and is fixed to the covering film 2. The padding layer 10 is specifically made of coarse fiber materials such as straw and branches. In this embodiment, the padding layer 10 is made of straw with a thickness of 2cm to 5cm. The pipe fittings 30 are arranged horizontally in a matrix, and the distance between two adjacent pipe fittings 30 is 30cm. Filter screens are provided on both the first ventilation hole 3110 and the second ventilation hole 3120.

[0034] Enhanced heat preservation and moisture retention to resist low temperature fluctuations: The membrane 2 is fixed on the bottom frame 1 to form a relatively closed space for the pile, which can effectively reduce the heat diffusion of the pile to the outside, alleviate the sudden drop in temperature caused by the temperature difference between day and night, and prolong the high temperature period; the pad 10 in the hollow part of the bottom frame 1 can isolate the low temperature of the ground and prevent the bottom of the pile from losing heat. At the same time, in conjunction with the membrane 2, it can reduce excessive evaporation of water or rainwater infiltration, stabilize the moisture content of the pile, and provide a suitable environment for microbial activity.

[0035] Dynamic ventilation control balances oxygen and heat demand: Multiple pipe fittings 30 of the static ventilation pipe assembly 3 are adjusted by sliding the second pipe body 312, causing the second ventilation hole 3120 to be misaligned with the first ventilation hole 3110 of the first pipe body 311. This allows for flexible control of ventilation volume based on day-night temperature differences: the ventilation holes are reduced at night when temperatures are low to minimize heat loss; ventilation is increased during the day when temperatures rise to replenish oxygen. The air collecting hood 32 utilizes natural wind to enhance airflow exchange without requiring additional power. The ventilation valve 33 provides auxiliary adjustment, balancing the maintenance of an aerobic environment with heat retention, thus avoiding the anaerobic spoilage problem caused by the conflict between ventilation and insulation in traditional windrow stacks.

[0036] Improved ease of operation and adaptability: The fittings 30 of the static ventilation pipe group 3 can be adjusted by sliding and quickly opened and closed in conjunction with the ventilation pipe valve 33, which can adapt to the oxygen demand of different stages of composting, such as high oxygen demand during high temperature period and oxygen control and heat preservation during low temperature period.

[0037] Ensuring compost quality and efficiency: Controllable ventilation of static ventilator group 3 reduces nitrogen loss and odor emissions, while bedding layer 10 prevents bottom material from caking and improves compost uniformity. Through the coordinated regulation of temperature, humidity, and oxygen, the composting cycle under low-temperature conditions can be shortened, avoiding the risk of "uncomposted" compost and ensuring that organic fertilizer meets standards in a timely manner during the spring planting season.

[0038] The core highlight is the sliding fit design between the first pipe body 311 and the second pipe body 312 in fitting 30: by changing the degree of misalignment between the second ventilation hole 3120 and the first ventilation hole 3110, the total area of ​​the effective ventilation holes can be continuously adjusted, from fully open to partially blocked or even nearly closed. In the low-temperature environment of spring plowing, this adjustment capability can precisely match the changing needs caused by the diurnal temperature difference. When the temperature drops sharply at night, sliding the second pipe body 312 significantly misaligns the ventilation holes, reducing the entry of cold air into the compost pile and maximizing the retention of heat generated by microbial metabolism to maintain the core temperature of the compost pile. After the daytime temperature rises, sliding the pipe body in the opposite direction increases the ventilation holes, accelerating the entry of outside air and meeting the oxygen demand after the increased activity of aerobic microorganisms. This "on-demand control" mode perfectly solves the inherent contradiction in traditional windrow composting where "ventilation and oxygenation lead to heat dissipation, while heat preservation leads to oxygen deficiency."

[0039] Multiple pipes 30 penetrate the membrane 2 and the material, allowing for the uniform release of oxygen to different depths and areas within the stack. This effectively compensates for the shortcomings of traditional windrows, which rely solely on surface ventilation and suffer from poor internal material permeability. It prevents the formation of an anaerobic environment in the lower and middle parts of the stack due to lack of turning, reduces the generation of malodorous gases such as hydrogen sulfide, and minimizes nitrogen loss. No turning operations are required, significantly reducing manual labor. The wind collector hood 32 passively collects natural wind, creating a directional airflow through the pipes 30. This enhances stack ventilation without additional power, meeting the simplified operation and cost-reduction requirements of stacks that do not require turning. The airflow velocity within the pipes 30 can be controlled via the ventilation valve 33; for example, it can be closed at extremely low temperatures to further reduce heat loss.

[0040] Preferred, such as Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, there are M×N first ventilation holes 3110. M first ventilation holes 3110 are distributed circumferentially along the pipe axis of the first pipe body 311 to form a first ventilation hole group. N first ventilation hole groups are distributed sequentially along the pipe length of the first pipe body 311.

[0041] M primary ventilation holes 3110 are distributed circumferentially along the tube axis, releasing oxygen in 360° directions around the primary tube 311, forming a "planar grid + three-dimensional radial" oxygen supply network, avoiding local oversupply or undersupply caused by unidirectional ventilation; while N sets of holes distributed sequentially along the tube length cover the full depth of the tube 30 inserted into the pile. This three-dimensional hole distribution pattern of "circumferential encirclement + axial progression" can evenly deliver oxygen to different radial and axial areas of the pile without turning it over, completely solving the problem of "central oxygen deficiency and peripheral oversupply" caused by the lack of turning over in traditional windrows, and significantly reducing the risk of local anaerobic putrefaction.

[0042] Due to the horizontal distribution of the pipe components 30 in this embodiment and the 30cm spacing between adjacent components, the M holes in the circumferential direction diffuse oxygen around the pipe components 30 in a 360° direction, and the N sets of holes in the axial direction cover the entire depth of the pile. In addition, the 30cm spacing between the pipe components is exactly matched with the effective radius of oxygen diffusion of the compost material, so that the distance from any point in the pile to the nearest ventilation hole does not exceed 20cm, and the oxygen concentration difference can be controlled within 3%. This completely solves the problem of "central oxygen deficiency and edge hyperoxygenation" in traditional windrows without turning, and can even keep the oxygen content in the core area of ​​the pile basically the same as that on the surface.

[0043] When the second tube 312 is slidably adjusted, the misalignment of the M×N distributed first ventilation holes 3110 and second ventilation holes 3120 can achieve "synchronous control across the entire area" or "precise adjustment in a localized area": ​​if it is necessary to reduce the overall ventilation volume, all holes can be misaligned synchronously; if it is necessary to reduce the ventilation at a certain depth, such as when more insulation is needed at the bottom of the stack at night, the holes at the corresponding axial positions can be misaligned by partially sliding the second tube 312. This flexible airflow distribution capability can better match the real-time oxygen demand of different areas of the stack without turning the stack over.

[0044] Example 2 Unlike Example 1, preferred embodiment, such as Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, M second ventilation holes 3120 constitute a group of second ventilation holes. The second pipe body 312 is also provided with N first wind baffles 3131. The first wind baffles 3131 are ring-shaped structures. The outer ring of the first wind baffles 3131 is fixed on the inner wall of the second pipe body 312. The N first wind baffles 3131 are distributed in sequence corresponding to the N groups of second ventilation holes. The first wind baffles 3131 are located on the side of the second ventilation hole group away from the air collecting hood 32.

[0045] The first wind deflector 3131 is located on the side of the second ventilation hole group away from the wind collector shroud 32, and can form a "flow guide barrier" for the airflow introduced by the wind collector shroud 32: when the airflow enters the second pipe body 312 from the wind collector shroud 32, the first wind deflector 3131 can prevent the airflow from spreading irregularly to the rear end of the pipe body, forcing the airflow to preferentially enter the reactor body through the corresponding second ventilation hole 3120 and first ventilation hole 3110. This directional flow guidance reduces the energy loss caused by airflow turbulence in the pipe, and improves the ventilation efficiency by more than 20% compared with the design without a wind deflector. Especially in low temperature environments, it can more concentratedly deliver limited natural wind energy to the oxygen-requiring area of ​​the reactor body.

[0046] The circumferentially distributed group of M second ventilation holes 3120, under the action of the first windbreak 3131, can create a uniform pressure field for the airflow in the pipe at the group of holes: after the windbreak blocks the airflow, the pressure inside the pipe increases in the area of ​​the group of holes, forcing the airflow to be ejected uniformly from the M circumferential holes, avoiding the problem of excessive ventilation in some holes and no airflow in others due to differences in airflow velocity inside the pipe. This pressure equalization effect keeps the airflow deviation of each ventilation hole in the same group within 5%, and together with the matrix pipe layout with a spacing of 30cm, it further ensures the uniformity of oxygen supply throughout the pile and reduces local maturity differences when the pile is not turned.

[0047] In addition, the annular structure of the first windbreak 3131 is fixed to the inner wall of the second tube 312, providing radial support to the tubular structure and reducing deformation of the second tube 312 under sliding adjustment or airflow impact, especially in scenarios where the tube material is prone to embrittlement at low temperatures. Simultaneously, the corresponding distribution of the windbreak and the hole group disperses stress concentration in the hole group area, reducing the risk of cracking of the ventilation holes due to long-term airflow impact, extending the service life of the tube 30 by more than 30%, and meeting the needs of frequent adjustments and long-term use during the spring plowing season.

[0048] Preferably, the inner ring diameter of the N first wind deflectors 3131 decreases sequentially along the direction from the air collecting cover 32 toward the ventilation pipe valve 33.

[0049] As the inner diameter of the windbreak gradually decreases, the airflow pressure within the second pipe 312 increases progressively: the pressure in the front hole group area is lower, suitable for the basic oxygen supply needs of the surface pile; the pressure in the middle and rear hole group areas gradually increases, meeting the high air pressure requirements of deep, compacted materials, which require stronger airflow to penetrate. This pressure gradient precisely matches the depth distribution of the N groups of second ventilation holes, increasing the ventilation volume of the deep hole groups by 20%-30% compared to a uniform diameter design. This solves the problem of insufficient deep oxygen supply in traditional uniformly distributed holes, further ensuring uniform composting throughout the pile when it is not turned over.

[0050] At night, when temperatures are low, cold air from outside can easily intrude through the ventilation holes. The gradually decreasing diameter wind deflectors can form a "multi-level barrier": the inner diameter of the front wind deflector is larger, which can initially block most of the reverse airflow; the inner diameter of the middle and rear wind deflectors is smaller, which forms a secondary barrier against the small amount of cold air penetrating the front. The smaller the diameter, the larger the blocking area and the stronger the effect. This step-by-step attenuation mechanism, combined with the closing of the ventilation valve 33, can form a "gradient windproof zone" inside the pipe, which is more suitable for environments with large day-night temperature differences.

[0051] When airflow passes through the pipe, abrupt changes in the diameter of the baffle can easily generate eddies, leading to energy waste. A gradually changing diameter design allows the airflow to transition smoothly along the pipe wall, reducing turbulence. Especially at the M circumferentially distributed second ventilation holes 3120, the smooth airflow can be ejected more evenly from each hole, further reducing the airflow deviation of ventilation holes within the same group to less than 3%. Combined with the matrix pipe layout, this allows for more precise oxygen supply to every point in the reactor, avoiding oxygen supply fluctuations caused by local eddies.

[0052] Preferably, the inner ring diameter of the first windbreak 3131 is 1 / 5 to 1 / 3 of the diameter of the second pipe body 312.

[0053] A diameter ratio of 1 / 5 to 1 / 3 effectively guides airflow through the annular structure, forcing it to preferentially exit from the second ventilation hole 3120, while preventing airflow blockage within the pipe due to an excessively small inner ring. If the ratio is less than 1 / 5, the narrow inner ring can easily cause airflow congestion, increasing pressure loss within the pipe; if it is greater than 1 / 3, the wind-blocking effect is weakened, and directional airflow cannot be achieved. This ratio range allows 70% to 80% of the airflow to enter the reactor body through the ventilation holes, with only 20% to 30% flowing backward along the pipe body. This ensures oxygen supply efficiency while reserving the necessary airflow for the rear hole group, adapting to the oxygen demand differences in reactor bodies at different depths.

[0054] The inner ring diameter within this range, while blocking reverse cold air, forms a physical barrier through its ring structure, reducing the intrusion of reverse airflow by more than 70%, while also retaining a certain amount of internal channel. When the reactor needs rapid ventilation due to special circumstances, auxiliary exhaust can be achieved at the rear end of the pipe by opening the ventilation pipe valve 33, avoiding the airflow "dead zone" caused by complete closure. This dual function of "normal isolation + emergency circulation" is more practical than designs with an inner ring that is too narrow or too wide.

[0055] The inner ring diameter of this range ensures that the airflow inside the pipe can be evenly distributed to the M circumferentially distributed second ventilation holes 3120 after passing through the wind deflector. The balance between pressure and air volume controls the ventilation deviation of the same group of holes to within 2%. Combined with the matrix pipe layout with a spacing of 30cm, the oxygen concentration difference in any area of ​​the pile can be ≤2%, which completely solves the problem of uneven local composting in non-turning scenarios. It is especially suitable for the characteristics of microbial activity sensitivity in low-temperature environments.

[0056] Example 3 Unlike Example 1, preferred embodiment, such as Figure 8 As shown, multiple first ventilation holes 3110 are spirally distributed on the first pipe body 311.

[0057] The spiral distribution creates a continuous spiral trajectory for the first ventilation hole 3110 in the circumferential and axial directions of the first pipe body 311. Combined with the airflow guided by the first wind deflector 3131, oxygen can diffuse into the pile body in a spiral pattern. This diffusion method breaks the airflow superposition blind zone of traditional linear hole distribution, causing the airflow to form a rotating disturbance within the pile body, increasing the contact area with the material. Compared with the M×N matrix distribution pattern, the effective diffusion radius of oxygen within the pile body is significantly expanded, allowing deeper materials to come into more complete contact with oxygen even without turning the pile.

[0058] Furthermore, the spirally distributed first ventilation holes 3110 gradually change their circumferential positions along the length of the pipe, which can adapt to the density differences caused by gravity compaction at different depths of the pile: the shallow material is loose, and the ventilation holes at the beginning of the spiral can quickly release oxygen; the medium and deep material is compact, and the ventilation holes in the subsequent sections of the spiral can deliver oxygen to the dense areas at different angles by staggering their positions.

[0059] The spiral perforation design makes the stress distribution of the first tube 311 more uniform, avoiding the stress superposition problem in the concentrated areas of the perforation group in the matrix distribution. In low-temperature environments, the tube is prone to cracking due to embrittlement, while the spiral distribution can disperse the impact of the perforations on the tube strength.

[0060] Preferably, a plurality of second ventilation holes 3120 are spirally distributed on the second pipe body 312. The second pipe body 312 is also provided with a second wind baffle 3132. The second wind baffle 3132 has a spiral structure and is fixed on the inner wall of the second pipe body 312. The second wind baffle 3132 is located on the side of the second ventilation hole 3120 away from the wind collector hood 32.

[0061] The spiral distribution of the second ventilation hole 3120 and the spiral structure of the second wind deflector 3132 form a "double spiral flow guide": the airflow introduced by the air collecting hood 32 is guided by the second wind deflector 3132, forming a rotating airflow inside the second pipe body 312, and then through the precise docking of the spiral-shaped second ventilation hole 3120 and the first ventilation hole 3110, oxygen diffuses into the pile body in a spiral trajectory. This rotating airflow has stronger kinetic energy and can penetrate deeper layers of compacted materials.

[0062] The spiral structure of the second windbreak component 3132 creates a rotating pressure field inside the pipe, ensuring that the airflow receives uniform injection pressure at the spiral-shaped second ventilation hole 3120. The airflow deviation at each hole along the same spiral trajectory is controlled within 1%. At the same time, the rotating airflow can cause micro-disturbance of the material in the pile, reducing local oxygen stagnation dead zones and reducing the oxygen concentration difference in any area of ​​the pile to below 1%, thus completely solving the problem of uneven composting in non-turning scenarios.

[0063] Preferably, the second windbreak 3132 is a continuous spiral blade structure, with its outer spiral diameter completely fitted and fixed to the inner wall of the ventilation duct, and its inner spiral diameter forming a through central channel.

[0064] The continuous spiral blade structure efficiently transforms the straight airflow introduced by the air collector shroud 32 into a strong rotating airflow. The tight fit between the spiral outer diameter and the inner wall of the pipe ensures no airflow leakage, with all airflow participating in rotational acceleration. This rotational kinetic energy causes the airflow to be ejected through the second ventilation hole 3120, forming a stronger radial penetration force. Compared to the diffusion radius of the discontinuous spiral structure, it expands by 15%-20%, easily penetrating the compacted material layer caused by low temperatures during spring plowing. This increases the oxygen concentration in the core area of ​​the pile by more than 20%, fully meeting the deep oxygen supply needs in scenarios where the pile is not turned over. The through-center channel formed by the spiral inner diameter can serve as an axial airflow supplement path: when the local oxygen demand in the pile increases sharply, some airflow can reach the rear end of the pipe through the central channel and then be ejected through the second ventilation hole 3120 in the corresponding area, forming a dual-mode oxygen supply of "spiral diffusion as the main mode and axial supplementation as a supplement." This design has significant advantages in low-temperature environments, as it can provide uniform oxygen supply through rotating airflow and quickly respond to local oxygen deficiency problems through the central channel. Compared to structures without a central channel, the oxygen supply response speed is increased by 30%.

[0065] The outer diameter of the continuous helical blades is completely fitted with the inner wall of the second tube 312, forming an integrated "tube-blade" support structure. This effectively enhances the radial reinforcement of the tube compared to a discontinuous structure, effectively resisting tube deformation caused by low-temperature embrittlement. Simultaneously, the helical blades disperse the stress concentration caused by the openings in the tube, effectively improving the crack resistance of the second tube 312. Combined with the reduced airflow resistance from the central channel, this reduces component wear during sliding adjustment, extending the overall service life.

[0066] Preferably, the inner diameter of the spiral is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the diameter of the second tube (312). This 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 inner diameter provides ample circumferential space for the rotating airflow, creating a channel between the blades and the tube wall, ensuring that 70% to 80% of the airflow participates in spiral acceleration, forming a powerful rotating oxygen supply. Simultaneously, it retains 20% to 30% of the axial air supply through the central channel, enabling rapid response to local oxygen demand fluctuations in the reactor core. If the inner diameter is less than 1 / 3, the central channel is too narrow, resulting in insufficient axial air supply and an inability to cope with sudden oxygen deficiency. If it is greater than 1 / 2, the rotating airflow space is compressed, weakening the penetration. This ratio range maximizes the synergistic efficiency of the "rotating oxygen supply + axial air supply" dual-mode, further improving the oxygen supply response speed by 15% compared to a design with an unbalanced ratio.

[0067] Example 4 The difference from Example 2 is: Preferably, the air collecting hood 32 is inserted into one end of the second tube body 312 via a telescopic tube 34. In actual use, the position of the air collecting hood 32 can be changed in three dimensions via the telescopic tube 34.

[0068] Due to the variable wind direction during the spring plowing season, the three-dimensional adjustment function allows the wind collection hood 32 to flexibly adjust its orientation in the horizontal, vertical, and rotational directions via the telescopic tube 34, always facing the direction of the incoming wind. This dynamic wind-following capability improves wind collection efficiency by 30% to 40% compared to a design that can only adjust the distance. Even in weak winds, it can collect sufficient airflow through precise orientation to ensure the oxygen supply to the reactor.

[0069] The matrix-distributed pipes 30 may create localized airflow shadow areas due to the reactor's shape and surrounding obstacles. By adjusting the telescopic pipes 34 in three dimensions, the air collection hoods 32 of the shadowed pipes can be extended to areas with unobstructed airflow, or their angles adjusted to avoid obstruction, ensuring a balanced air intake for each pipe 30. Combined with a 30cm spacing layout, this completely eliminates oxygen supply blind spots caused by uneven airflow within the reactor, resulting in a more stable oxygen concentration difference across the entire area.

[0070] When encountering extreme weather such as strong winds and heavy rain, the wind collector hood 32 can be rotated to the windward direction and retracted to its shortest distance through three-dimensional adjustment, reducing wind resistance and the risk of rainwater intrusion. The multi-angle deformation capability of the telescopic tube 34 can disperse impact stress. Combined with the structural support of the second windbreak component 3132, the wind resistance level of the tube component 30 can be effectively improved, reducing the damage rate compared to a fixed-direction design and extending the equipment life in low-temperature environments.

[0071] The above specific embodiments further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fermentation device for preparing organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure, characterized in that, include: The base frame is a rectangular frame with a bedding layer in the hollow part of the base frame. The mixture of livestock and poultry manure and fermentation agent is piled on top of the bedding layer to form a pile. The bedding layer is made of coarse fiber material and is 2cm to 5cm thick. The membrane is used to cover the top of the stack, and the membrane is fixed to the bottom frame; A static ventilation duct assembly includes multiple pipe fittings that sequentially penetrate the membrane and the stack body, with a spacing of 30cm between adjacent pipe fittings. Each pipe fitting includes an embedded pipe, an air collection hood, and a ventilation valve. The embedded pipe includes: a first pipe body, with its middle section embedded in the stack body, and multiple first ventilation holes provided on the side wall of the middle section of the first pipe body; and a second pipe body, with its middle section slidably fitted inside the first pipe body, and multiple second ventilation holes with the same structure as the first ventilation holes provided on the side wall of the middle section of the second pipe body. The second pipe body slides along the length of the first pipe body, causing the second ventilation holes to be misaligned with the first pipe body to reduce the effective ventilation. The size of the air vents; the air collecting hood is inserted into one end of the second pipe body on the windward side via a telescopic tube; the ventilation valve is inserted into the other end of the second pipe body; multiple pipe fittings slide the second pipe body to misalign the second ventilation vent with the first ventilation vent of the first pipe body, thereby adjusting the size of the ventilation vents. At night when temperatures are low, the ventilation vents are reduced to minimize heat loss; during the day when temperatures rise, ventilation is increased to replenish oxygen; the air collecting hood utilizes natural wind to enhance airflow exchange without additional power; the ventilation valve assists in adjustment, balancing the maintenance of an aerobic environment with heat retention; the pipe fittings, through sliding adjustment, work in conjunction with the ventilation valve to quickly open and close to adapt to the oxygen requirements of different stages of decomposition; Multiple first ventilation holes are spirally distributed on the first pipe body; Multiple second ventilation holes are spirally distributed on the second pipe body. The second pipe body is also provided with a second wind baffle. The second wind baffle has a spiral structure and is fixed on the inner wall of the second pipe body. The second wind baffle is located on the side of the second ventilation hole away from the air collecting hood. The second wind deflector is a continuous spiral blade structure, with its outer spiral diameter completely fitted and fixed to the inner wall of the ventilation duct, and its inner spiral diameter forming a through central channel.

2. The fermentation device for preparing organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The inner diameter of the spiral is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the diameter of the second tube.

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