Construction waste crushing and sorting complete equipment and process

Abstract

The application relates to a complete set of equipment and a process for crushing and sorting construction waste; the equipment comprises a dust removal system, a metal sorting assembly, a light material sorting assembly and a granular material sorting assembly; the application can sort masonry particles and concrete particles, and can remove dust from the primary crusher, the secondary crusher and the sorting device which are prone to raising powder by using the dust removal system, so that the purity of the sorted masonry particles and concrete particles can be ensured, resources can be saved, and the use efficiency of the masonry particles and the concrete particles is improved. The process considers the sorting of the masonry particles and the concrete particles and the dust removal of the primary crusher, the secondary crusher and the sorting device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of construction waste recycling, and in particular to a complete set of equipment and process for crushing and sorting construction waste. Background Technology

[0002] Construction waste mainly includes engineering waste, demolition waste, and renovation waste. Construction waste recycling refers to using construction waste to produce recycled aggregates, recycled building materials, and road materials, generally involving two key steps: crushing and sorting. Crushing includes primary crushing and secondary crushing; primary crushing pulverizes construction waste into coarse aggregates and sorts out mixed-in metal materials such as steel bars and lightweight materials such as plastics; secondary crushing further processes the coarse aggregates into finer aggregates with smaller particle sizes that can be used in recycling. However, the following problems easily arise in actual operation: Problem 1) During the dismantling and crushing processes, finer aggregate particles, i.e., powder, are easily generated; these powders easily cause air pollution during crushing and sorting, and easily mix into the fine aggregates at the end of sorting, reducing the purity and usability of the fine aggregates; Problem 2) Fine aggregates can be further divided into brick and stone particles and concrete particles according to their composition; concrete particles have a higher density than brick and stone particles and have higher usability. Currently, fine aggregates are often a mixture of brick and stone particles and concrete particles, and cannot be further subdivided, resulting in resource waste. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to solve the above problems and provide a complete set of equipment and process for crushing and sorting construction waste.

[0004] The technical solution of this invention is as follows: A complete set of equipment for crushing and sorting construction waste includes a dust removal system, a metal sorting component, a lightweight material sorting component, and a particulate matter sorting component connected in sequence; the metal sorting component is used to sort out metal objects; the lightweight material sorting component is used to sort out lightweight objects; the particulate matter sorting component is used to sort out concrete particles and brick / stone particles; the metal sorting component includes a primary crusher for comprehensive crushing of construction waste to ensure that the crushed construction waste particles reach approximately 50mm; the particulate matter sorting component includes a secondary crusher, a particle conveyor belt, and a sorting device connected in sequence; the secondary crusher performs secondary crushing of the construction waste particles, making the construction waste... The particles are approximately 10mm in diameter. Particle conveyor belt B is positioned below the output end of the secondary crusher and connects to the sorting device. The construction waste particles after secondary crushing are conveyed by particle conveyor belt B to the sorting device for separating concrete and masonry particles. This sorting device includes a sorting box, a guide ramp, and a bellows. The bottom of the sorting box has a concrete hopper and a masonry hopper, used to discharge concrete and masonry particles respectively. The guide ramp is positioned above the masonry hopper. The high end and both sides of the guide ramp are connected to the inner wall of the sorting box, sealing the masonry hopper and preventing construction waste particles from directly entering it. The low end of the guide ramp is connected to the concrete hopper, providing material for the construction waste particles to pass through. The tendency to slide down; the guide ramp includes a central ventilation area and screen areas on both sides; a longitudinal baffle extends upward from the junction of the ventilation area and the screen area; the longitudinal baffle separates the ventilation area and the screen area; the bellows is set between the ventilation area and the brick and stone hopper, and the air outlet range corresponds to and matches the ventilation area; the wind force provided by the bellows can act on the construction waste particles through the ventilation area; the sliding concrete particles pass through the ventilation area; the low-density brick and stone particles are blown up by the wind force, while the high-density concrete particles are not affected by the wind force, which is the basic reason for the formation of upper and lower layers of brick and stone particles and concrete particles; several herringbone plates with their pointed ends facing upwards are evenly distributed above the ventilation area along the length of the longitudinal baffle. The herringbone plates guide the brick and stone particles; a sliding gap is maintained between the middle of the herringbone plates and the ventilation area to allow concrete particles to slide smoothly into the concrete hopper; multiple herringbone plates ensure that the brick and stone particles completely enter the screen area; the two legs of the herringbone plates extend above the screen area, guiding the brick and stone particles into the screen area, and then through the screen area into the brick and stone hopper; in this way, concrete particles and brick and stone particles are separated; the tops of the primary crusher, secondary crusher, and sorting device are all connected to the dust removal system; the dust removal system can collect and process the dust raised by the primary crusher, secondary crusher, and sorting device, ensuring the purity of each material after sorting and facilitating the efficient utilization of materials.

[0005] Preferably, the metal sorting assembly further includes a magnetic conveyor belt, a permanent magnet iron-removing roller, and a sorting partition; the output end of the primary crusher is located at the input end of the magnetic conveyor belt; construction waste is fed into the primary crusher for comprehensive crushing; the crushed construction waste particles are conveyed to the lightweight material sorting assembly via the magnetic conveyor belt; the output end of the magnetic conveyor belt is equipped with a permanent magnet iron-removing roller that cooperates with the magnetic conveyor belt; the sorting partition is located below the permanent magnet iron-removing roller; the construction waste crushed material arriving at the output end of the magnetic conveyor belt carries metal objects along with the magnetic conveyor belt to the area below the permanent magnet iron-removing roller, where they fall off due to being away from the permanent magnet iron-removing roller; non-metallic materials are thrown off the magnetic conveyor belt at the output end; metal and non-metallic materials are sorted to both sides of the sorting partition; the metal objects are collected for reuse; the non-metallic materials enter the lightweight material sorting assembly for further sorting.

[0006] Furthermore, the sorting partition is a bent plate with the bent ribs facing upwards; the sorting partitions on both sides of the bent ribs guide the metal and non-metal objects respectively, so as to facilitate the collection of metal objects and the flow of non-metal objects; the metal sorting assembly also includes a metal collection box; the end of the sorting partition points to the inside of the metal collection box, so as to facilitate the smooth entry of metal objects into the metal collection box.

[0007] Preferably, the lightweight material sorting assembly includes a sorting tank, a settling tank, a lightweight material pipe, a negative pressure fan armor, and a particle conveyor belt armor. An inlet is located on the upper side wall of one side of the sorting tank; non-metallic materials enter the sorting tank through the inlet. A lightweight material sorting port and a coarse aggregate bin are located in the middle of the other side of the sorting tank, connected to one end of the lightweight material pipe. The other end of the lightweight material pipe is connected to the upper side wall of the settling tank. The top of the settling tank is connected to the negative pressure fan armor. The negative pressure fan armor provides negative pressure suction, giving the lightweight material pipe a certain negative pressure suction force. The airflow generated by this negative pressure suction force has a high velocity in the lightweight material pipe and a slow velocity at the top of the settling tank. A lightweight material discharge pipe is located at the bottom of the settling tank for discharging the lightweight materials inside. The lightweight material discharge pipe is equipped with a lightweight material control valve, ensuring that the negative pressure airflow only acts on the lightweight material pipe, guaranteeing sufficient airflow velocity within the lightweight material pipe. This negative pressure airflow acts on the falling crushed construction waste material. Lighter materials are drawn into a settling tank via a lighter material pipe. The lighter materials in the settling tank slowly settle due to the reduced flow rate and are eventually discharged via a lighter material discharge pipe. A coarse aggregate bin is located below the lighter material sorting port. An inclined fine aggregate filter plate is installed inside the sorting tank. The edge of the fine aggregate filter plate is in contact with the tank wall. The end of the fine aggregate filter plate near the coarse aggregate bin is lower than the coarse aggregate bin, while the end of the fine aggregate filter plate further away from the coarse aggregate bin is higher than the coarse aggregate bin. The fine aggregate filter plate only allows smaller particles to pass through. Larger coarse aggregate particles flow towards the coarse aggregate bin due to the inclination of the fine aggregate filter plate. This coarse aggregate no longer flows downwards but is re-input into the primary crusher. A fine aggregate discharge pipe is located at the bottom of the sorting tank to discharge the fine aggregate. A particle conveyor belt is located below the fine aggregate discharge pipe and connects to the input end of the secondary crusher.

[0008] Furthermore, the sorting tank's inlet is equipped with an inclined feed tray to facilitate the feeding of the initially crushed construction waste into the sorting tank.

[0009] Furthermore, the end of the lightweight material tube that connects to the lightweight material sorting port is inserted obliquely into the sorting tank, which can prevent some aggregate from entering the lightweight material tube and hinder the lightweight material from entering the settling tank.

[0010] Preferably, the bottom end of the longitudinal baffle is provided with a partition plate extending toward the inner wall of the sorting box to prevent brick and stone particles from accidentally entering the concrete hopper.

[0011] Preferably, a blocking block extends downward from the bottom of the tip of the herringbone slab; the end face of the blocking block coincides with the end face of the tip of the herringbone slab; the blocking block disperses the construction waste particles to both sides, reducing the mixing of concrete particles and brick particles, and facilitating the layering of concrete particles and brick particles.

[0012] Preferably, the lower section of the longitudinal baffle is provided with several installation steps; the number of herringbone plates is less than or equal to the number of installation steps; the two legs of the herringbone plates can be detachably installed on the installation steps; the herringbone plates installed on different installation steps will form sliding gaps of different sizes, which is conducive to obtaining better sorting effect of concrete particles and masonry particles.

[0013] Furthermore, a connecting plate A extends outward from the lower end of the mounting step; vertical connecting plates B are provided at both feet of the herringbone plate; connecting plate A has an adjustment elongated hole A perpendicular to the length direction of the longitudinal baffle; connecting plate B has an adjustment elongated hole B parallel to the length direction of the longitudinal baffle; the sorting device also includes mounting bolts and mounting nuts; the mounting bolts pass through the adjustment elongated holes A and B and are threadedly connected to the mounting nuts; the position of the herringbone plate can be adjusted to achieve the best sorting effect between concrete particles and masonry particles.

[0014] Preferably, the dust removal system includes a cyclone dust collector hood; the cyclone dust collector hood includes an outer shell, an acceleration pipe, and a dust-prevention shell connected from bottom to top; the top of the dust-prevention shell is connected to a negative pressure source, giving the cyclone dust collector hood negative pressure suction; the outer shell covers the tops of the primary crusher, secondary crusher, and sorting device, sealing the tops of the primary crusher, secondary crusher, and sorting device, which is beneficial for removing powder; the acceleration pipe includes a truncated cone shell and a conical box; an acceleration channel, wider at the bottom and narrower at the top, is formed between the inner wall of the truncated cone shell and the outer wall of the conical box; the powder flows upward through the acceleration channel under the action of negative pressure suction; in the acceleration channel, The powder's flow rate increases, effectively preventing powder from falling back; once the powder enters the dust-proof shell, the overall flow rate decreases, making it prone to dust accumulation; the dust-proof shell is truncated cone-shaped, which can partially accelerate the airflow again, reducing the possibility of dust accumulation; several spiral diversion strips are distributed around the inner wall of the dust-proof shell, causing the airflow near the dust-proof shell to form a spiral airflow; the airflow at the axis of the dust-proof shell is the central airflow; the spiral airflow velocity is greater than the central airflow velocity; the powder inside the spiral airflow is less likely to fall into dust; the powder inside the central airflow will not stick to the inner wall of the dust-proof shell and form dust accumulation due to the obstruction of the spiral airflow.

[0015] The process of the above-mentioned complete set of equipment for crushing and sorting construction waste includes the following steps: ① Sorting of metallic and nonmetallic materials The primary crusher performs primary crushing of construction waste, which is then conveyed to the lightweight material sorting component via a magnetic separation conveyor belt. At the output end of the magnetic separation conveyor belt, metallic materials fall to one side of the sorting partition due to the action of the permanent magnet iron removal roller; non-metallic materials are thrown to the other side of the sorting partition by the magnetic separation conveyor belt and enter the lightweight material sorting component. ② Sorting of lightweight materials and construction waste particles Non-metallic materials enter the sorting tank through the feed inlet; inside the sorting tank, the non-metallic materials fall; the negative pressure fan is activated, creating negative pressure suction in the lightweight material pipe; the lightweight materials within the non-metallic materials are drawn into the settling tank by the negative pressure suction in the lightweight material pipe; the lightweight materials entering the settling tank slow down and slowly settle to the bottom of the settling tank; when a certain amount of lightweight materials accumulate, the lightweight material control valve is opened to discharge the lightweight materials; the construction waste particles within the non-metallic materials fall onto the fine aggregate filter plate; the coarse aggregate slides down the fine aggregate filter plate into the coarse aggregate bin; when a certain amount of coarse aggregate accumulates, the coarse aggregate in the coarse aggregate bin is re-crushed; the fine aggregate passes through the fine aggregate filter plate into the bottom of the sorting tank and is discharged onto the particle conveyor belt through the fine aggregate discharge pipe; the particle conveyor belt transports the fine aggregate to the particle sorting components; ③ Sorting of concrete particles and masonry particles The sorted construction waste particles are fed into a secondary crusher for further crushing; the particle size of the construction waste particles is further reduced after secondary crushing; the crushed construction waste particles are then fed into a sorting device. After secondary crushing, the construction waste particles enter the guide ramp of the sorting box, between two longitudinal baffles. The particles slide down the guide ramp, gradually approaching a flattened state. They then enter the ventilation area, where the air box blows air upwards. Brick and stone particles in the construction waste are lifted by the airflow. Concrete particles, unaffected by the airflow, continue to slide down the guide ramp, resulting in a layered structure of brick and stone particles and concrete particles. The brick and stone particles are blocked by the herringbone plate and slide towards the screen areas on both sides. The concrete particles continue to slide down through the gaps and, constrained by the longitudinal baffles, continue to slide towards the concrete hopper, eventually being discharged from it. Each time a particle passes through a herringbone plate, a portion of the brick and stone particles is screened out. These particles enter the screen area, lose the airflow, and fall through the screen area into the brick and stone hopper, where they are eventually discharged. ④ Dust removal and powder collection The dust removal system extracts the powder generated by the primary crusher, secondary crusher, and sorting device.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The complete set of equipment for crushing and sorting construction waste of this invention has the following advantages: (1) The present invention can sort brick and stone particles and concrete particles, and use a dust removal system to remove dust from the primary crusher, secondary crusher and sorting device that are prone to dust raising, so as to ensure the purity of the sorted brick and stone particles and concrete particles, save resources and improve the utilization efficiency of brick and stone particles and concrete particles. (2) The dust removal system of the present invention centrally processes the powder; This process combines the sorting of brick and stone particles and concrete particles with dust removal using primary crushers, secondary crushers, and sorting devices. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the metal sorting component in Embodiment 1; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the lightweight material sorting component in Embodiment 1; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the particulate matter sorting component in Example 1; Figure 4 This is a perspective view of the dust cover in Embodiment 1; Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Vertical sectional view; Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A magnified view of the I-shaped image; Figure 7 yes Figure 5 AA section view; Figure 8 This is a perspective view of the sorting device in Embodiment 1; Figure 9 yes Figure 8 II magnified view; Figure 10 yes Figure 8 Vertical sectional view; Figure 11 yes Figure 10 III magnified view; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the dust removal system in Example 2; Figure 13 This is a process flow diagram of the complete set of construction waste crushing and sorting equipment of the present invention in Embodiment 3; Figure 14 This is a process flow diagram of the complete set of construction waste crushing and sorting equipment of the present invention in Embodiment 4; In the diagram: 11. Swirl-type dust collector hood; 111. Outer casing; 112. Accelerator tube; 1121. Frustum-shaped casing; 1122. Conical box; 1123. Acceleration channel; 113. Dustproof casing; 1131. Spiral diverter strip A; 114. Double-ended bolt; 115. Locking nut; 116. Flexible sleeve; 117. Suction pipe; 1171. Straight pipe; 11711. Spiral diverter strip B; 1172. Bend; 1173. Control valve; 12. Dust collection box; 13. Settling dust tank; 131 1311. Dust exhaust pipe, 14. Powder control valve, 21. Negative pressure fan B, 22. Primary crusher, 23. Magnetic separation conveyor belt, 24. Permanent magnet iron removal roller, 25. Sorting partition, 26. Metal collection box, 31. Frame, 31. Sorting tank, 311. Feed inlet, 3111. Feed tray, 312. Lightweight material sorting inlet, 313. Coarse aggregate bin, 314. Fine aggregate filter plate, 315. Fine aggregate discharge pipe, 3151. Fine aggregate control valve, 32. Settling tank, 321. Lightweight material discharge pipe 3211. Lightweight material control valve; 322. Lightweight material collection bin; 33. Lightweight material pipe; 34. Negative pressure fan A; 35. Particle conveyor belt A; 41. Secondary crusher; 42. Particle conveyor belt B; 43. Sorting device; 431. Sorting box; 4311. Concrete hopper; 4312. Brick and stone hopper; 432. Guide inclined plate; 4321. Ventilation area; 4322. Screen area; 4323. Longitudinal baffle; 43231. Divider plate; 43232. Installation steps; 43233. Connecting plate A, 432331. Adjustment long hole A, 4324. Herringbone plate, 43241. Blocking block, 43242. Connecting plate B, 432421. Adjustment long hole B, 43243. Slot, 4325. Sliding gap, 433. Air box, 4331. Rigid air duct, 434. Mounting bolt, 435. Mounting nut, 4361. Vibration motor, 4362. Buffer frame, 4363. Mounting base, 4364. Buffer spring, 4365. Guide screw, 437. Reinforcing crossbeam. Detailed Implementation

[0018] Example 1: See Figure 1-12A complete set of equipment for crushing and sorting construction waste includes a dust removal system and a metal sorting component, a lightweight material sorting component, and a particulate matter sorting component connected in sequence. The metal sorting component is used to sort out metal materials; the lightweight material sorting component is used to sort out lightweight materials; and the particulate matter sorting component is used to sort out concrete particles and brick / stone particles. The metal sorting component includes a primary crusher for comprehensive crushing of construction waste to ensure that the crushed construction waste particles reach a diameter of approximately 50mm. The particulate matter sorting component includes a secondary crusher 41, a particle conveyor belt 42, and a sorting device 43 connected in sequence. The secondary crusher 41 performs secondary crushing of the construction waste particles to a particle size of approximately 10mm. The particle conveyor belt 42 is installed at the secondary crusher. Below the output end of the crusher 41, it is connected to the sorting device 43; the construction waste particles after secondary crushing are transferred to the sorting device 43 via the particle conveyor belt 42 for the separation of concrete particles and brick particles; the sorting device 43 includes a sorting box 431, a guide inclined plate 432, and a bellows 433; the bottom of the sorting box 431 is equipped with a concrete hopper 4311 and a brick hopper 4312, which are used to discharge concrete particles and brick particles respectively; the guide inclined plate 432 is set above the brick hopper 4312; the high end and both sides of the guide inclined plate 432 are in contact with the inner wall of the sorting box 431, sealing the brick hopper 4312 and preventing construction waste particles from directly entering the brick hopper 4312; the low end of the guide inclined plate 432 is in contact with the concrete hopper 4311, providing... The construction waste particles tend to slide into the concrete hopper 4311; the guide ramp 432 includes a central ventilation area 4321 and screen areas 4322 on both sides; a longitudinal baffle 4323 extends upward from the junction of the ventilation area 4321 and the screen area 4322; the longitudinal baffle 4323 separates the ventilation area 4321 and the screen area 4322; the air box 433 is set between the ventilation area 4321 and the brick and stone hopper 4312, and the air outlet range corresponds to and matches the ventilation area 4321; the air force provided by the air box 433 can act on the construction waste particles through the ventilation area 4321; the sliding concrete particles pass through the ventilation area 4321; the low-density brick and stone particles are blown up by the wind, while the high-density concrete particles are not affected by the wind. This is the fundamental reason for the separation of brick and stone particles and concrete particles into upper and lower layers; several herringbone plates 4324 with their pointed ends facing upwards are evenly distributed above the ventilation area 4321 along the length of the longitudinal baffle 4323; the herringbone plates 4324 guide the brick and stone particles; a sliding gap 4325 is maintained between the middle of the herringbone plate 4324 and the ventilation area 4321 to allow the concrete particles to slide smoothly into the concrete hopper 4311; several herringbone plates 4324 ensure that the brick and stone particles completely enter the screen area 4322; the two ends of the herringbone plate 4324 extend into the screen area 4322, guiding the brick and stone particles into the screen area 4322, and then through the screen area 4322 into the brick and stone hopper 4312; in this way, concrete particles and brick and stone particles are separated.The primary crusher, secondary crusher 41, and sorting device 43 are all connected to a dust removal system at their tops. This system collects and processes the dust generated by the primary crusher, secondary crusher 41, and sorting device 43, ensuring the purity of the sorted materials and facilitating their efficient utilization. In this embodiment, a jaw crusher is used as the primary crusher, and an impact crusher is used as the secondary crusher 41.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can sort brick and stone particles and concrete particles, and uses a dust removal system to remove dust from the primary crusher, secondary crusher 41 and sorting device 43, which are prone to dust generation. This can ensure the purity of the sorted brick and stone particles and concrete particles, save resources and improve the utilization efficiency of brick and stone particles and concrete particles.

[0020] The metal sorting assembly also includes a magnetic conveyor belt 22, a permanent magnet iron-removing roller 23, and a sorting partition 24. The output end of the primary crusher is located at the input end of the magnetic conveyor belt 22. Construction waste is fed into the primary crusher for comprehensive crushing. The crushed construction waste particles are conveyed to the lightweight material sorting assembly via the magnetic conveyor belt 22. The output end of the magnetic conveyor belt 22 is equipped with a permanent magnet iron-removing roller 23 that works in conjunction with the magnetic conveyor belt 22. The sorting partition 24 is located below the permanent magnet iron-removing roller 23. When the crushed construction waste material reaches the output end of the magnetic conveyor belt 22, the metal objects move along the magnetic conveyor belt 22 to the area below the permanent magnet iron-removing roller 23 and then fall off due to the distance from the permanent magnet iron-removing roller 23. Non-metallic materials are thrown off the magnetic conveyor belt 22 at the output end. The metal and non-metallic materials are sorted to both sides of the sorting partition 24. The metal objects are collected for reuse, while the non-metallic materials enter the lightweight material sorting assembly for further sorting.

[0021] The sorting baffle 24 is a bent plate with the bent ribs facing upwards; the sorting baffles 24 on both sides of the bent ribs guide metal objects and non-metal objects respectively, so as to facilitate the collection of metal objects and the flow of non-metal objects; the metal sorting assembly also includes a metal collection box 25; the end of the sorting baffle 24 points into the metal collection box 25, so as to facilitate the smooth entry of metal objects into the metal collection box 25.

[0022] The metal sorting assembly also includes a frame 26; a primary crusher, a magnetic separator conveyor belt 22, a permanent magnet iron removal roller 23, and a sorting baffle 24 are all mounted on the frame 26; a metal collection box 25 is located below the frame 26. The frame 26 raises the position of the sorting baffle 24 so that the sorted non-metallic materials can enter the lightweight material sorting assembly.

[0023] The lightweight material sorting assembly includes a sorting tank 31, a settling tank 32, a lightweight material pipe 33, a negative pressure fan armor 34, and a particle conveyor belt armor 35. A feed inlet 311 is located on the upper side wall of one side of the sorting tank 31; non-metallic materials enter the sorting tank 31 through the feed inlet 311. A lightweight material sorting port 312 and a coarse aggregate bin 313 are located in the middle of the other side of the sorting tank 31, connected to one end of the lightweight material pipe 33. The other end of the lightweight material pipe 33 is connected to the upper side wall of the settling tank 32. The top of the settling tank 32 is connected to the negative pressure fan armor 34. The negative pressure fan... A34 provides negative pressure suction, giving the lightweight material pipe 33 a certain negative pressure suction. The airflow generated by this negative pressure suction has a fast flow velocity in the lightweight material pipe 33 and a slow flow velocity at the top of the settling tank 32. The bottom of the settling tank 32 is equipped with a lightweight material discharge pipe 321 for discharging the lightweight material inside the settling tank 32. The lightweight material discharge pipe 321 is equipped with a lightweight material control valve 3211 to ensure that the negative pressure airflow only acts on the lightweight material pipe 33, ensuring that the airflow inside the lightweight material pipe 33 has a sufficient flow velocity. This negative pressure airflow acts on the falling construction waste crushed material, causing it to... Lightweight materials are drawn into a settling tank 32 via a lightweight material pipe 33. The lightweight materials entering the settling tank 32 slowly settle due to the reduced flow rate and are eventually discharged via a lightweight material discharge pipe 321. A coarse aggregate bin 313 is located below the lightweight material sorting port 312. An inclined fine aggregate filter plate 314 is installed inside the sorting tank 31. The edge of the fine aggregate filter plate 314 is in contact with the pipe wall of the sorting tank 31. The end of the fine aggregate filter plate 314 near the coarse aggregate bin 313 is positioned below the coarse aggregate bin 313. The end of the fine aggregate filter plate 314 furthest from the coarse aggregate bin 313 is positioned lower than the coarse aggregate bin 313. The end of the fine aggregate filter plate 314 is set higher than that of the coarse aggregate bin 313; the fine aggregate filter plate 314 only allows fine aggregate with smaller particle size to pass through; the coarse aggregate with larger particle size flows into the coarse aggregate bin 313 by means of the slope of the fine aggregate filter plate 314; the coarse aggregate no longer flows down, but is put back into the primary crusher; the bottom of the sorting tank 31 is provided with a fine aggregate discharge pipe 315 to discharge fine aggregate; the particle conveyor belt A 35 is set below the fine aggregate discharge pipe 315 and is connected to the input end of the secondary crusher 41.

[0024] The sorting tank 31 has an inclined feed tray 3111 at its feed inlet 311 to facilitate the feeding of the initially crushed construction waste into the sorting tank 31.

[0025] The end of the lightweight material tube 33 that connects to the lightweight material sorting port 312 is inserted at an angle into the sorting tank 31, which can prevent some aggregate from entering the lightweight material tube 33 and hinder the lightweight material from entering the settling tank 32.

[0026] The lightweight material pipe 33 is S-shaped to better prevent aggregate from entering the settling tank 32.

[0027] The fine aggregate discharge pipe 315 is equipped with a fine aggregate control valve 3151, which is used to control the entry and exit of fine aggregate into the particle conveyor belt 35.

[0028] A lightweight material collection chamber 322 is provided below the settling tank 32; the lightweight material discharge pipe 321 is connected to the lightweight material collection chamber 322.

[0029] The bottom of the longitudinal baffle 4323 is provided with a partition plate 43231 extending toward the inner wall of the sorting box 431 to prevent brick and stone particles from accidentally entering the concrete hopper 4311.

[0030] A blocking block 43241 extends downward from the bottom of the tip of the herringbone 4324; the end face of the blocking block 43241 coincides with the end face of the tip of the herringbone 4324; the blocking block 43241 disperses the construction waste particles to both sides, reducing the mixing of concrete particles and brick particles, which is conducive to the layering of concrete particles and brick particles.

[0031] The lower section of the longitudinal baffle 4323 is provided with several installation steps 43232; the number of herringbone plates 4324 is less than or equal to the number of installation steps 43232; the two legs of the herringbone plates 4324 can be detachably installed on the installation steps 43232; the installation of the herringbone plates 4324 on different installation steps 43232 will form sliding gaps 4325 of different sizes, which is conducive to obtaining better sorting effect of concrete particles and masonry particles.

[0032] The lower end of the mounting step 43232 extends outward to form a connecting plate A 43233; both feet of the herringbone plate 4324 are provided with vertical connecting plates B 43242; the connecting plate A 43233 is provided with an adjustment elongated hole A 432331 perpendicular to the length direction of the longitudinal baffle 4323; the connecting plate B 43242 is provided with an adjustment elongated hole B 432421 parallel to the length direction of the longitudinal baffle 4323; the sorting device 43 also includes mounting bolts 434 and mounting nuts 435; the mounting bolts 434 pass through the adjustment elongated holes A 432331 and B 432421 and are threadedly connected to the mounting nuts 435; the position of the herringbone plate 4324 can be adjusted to achieve the best sorting effect between concrete particles and masonry particles.

[0033] The bottom of the two feet of the herringbone plate 4324 is provided with a slot 43243 that matches the installation step 43232; the slot 43243 cooperates with the installation step 43232 to realize the horizontal limit of the herringbone plate 4324 and ensure the stable installation of the herringbone plate 4324.

[0034] The sorting device 43 also includes a vibrating motor 4361, a buffer frame 4362, a mounting base 4363, a buffer spring 4364, and a guide screw 4365. There are two vibrating motors 4361, symmetrically installed on the side wall of the sorting box 431, driving the sorting box 431 to vibrate, thereby increasing the vibration of the construction waste particles and facilitating the stratification of brick and stone particles with concrete particles. The mounting base 4363 is installed on the side wall of the sorting box 431. The guide screw 4365 passes through the mounting base 4363 and the buffer spring 4364, and is threadedly connected to the top of the buffer frame 4362. The guide screw 4365 cooperates with the mounting base 4363 to limit the vertical vibration of the sorting box 431. The buffer spring 4364 provides elastic support to the sorting box 431 and can absorb the impact from the vibrating motor 4361.

[0035] The top of the sorting box 431 is provided with a reinforcing crossbeam 437 to enhance the structural strength of the sorting box 431.

[0036] The bottom of the air box 433 is connected to a rigid air duct 4331; the rigid air duct 4331 passes through the side wall of the brick bucket 4312; the rigid air duct 4331 is connected to a flexible air duct; the flexible air duct is connected to an external air source; the rigid air duct 4331 can vibrate together with the sorting box 431; the flexible air duct ensures the stable connection of the air path of the air box 433.

[0037] The dust removal system includes a cyclone dust collector hood 11; the cyclone dust collector hood 11 includes an outer casing 111, an acceleration pipe 112, and a dust-proof shell 113 connected from bottom to top; the top of the dust-proof shell 113 is connected to a negative pressure source, giving the cyclone dust collector hood 11 a negative pressure suction force; the outer casing 111 covers the tops of the primary crusher, the secondary crusher 41, and the sorting device 43, sealing the tops of the primary crusher, the secondary crusher 41, and the sorting device 43, which is beneficial for sucking away powder; the acceleration pipe 112 includes a frustum casing 1121 and a conical box 1122; an acceleration channel 1123, which is wider at the bottom and narrower at the top, is formed between the inner wall of the frustum casing 1121 and the outer wall of the conical box 1122; the powder passes through the acceleration channel 1123 under the action of negative pressure suction. 3. Upward flow; In the acceleration channel 1123, the powder flow speed increases, effectively preventing powder from falling back; When the powder enters the dustproof shell 113, the overall flow speed decreases, making it easier for dust to fall; The dustproof shell 113 is generally truncated cone-shaped, which can accelerate the airflow again to a limited extent, reducing the possibility of dust falling; Several spiral diversion strips 1131 are distributed around the inner wall of the dustproof shell 113, so that the airflow near the dustproof shell 113 forms a spiral airflow; The airflow at the axis of the dustproof shell 113 is the central airflow; The spiral airflow speed is greater than the central airflow speed; The powder inside the spiral airflow is less likely to fall; The powder inside the central airflow will not stick to the inner wall of the dustproof shell 113 and form dust due to the obstruction of the spiral airflow.

[0038] The vortex-type dust collector hood 11 also includes at least two double-ended bolts 114, a matching locking nut 115, and a flexible sleeve 116; the ends of the double-ended bolts 114 pass through the conical housing 1122, the flexible sleeve 116, and the frustum-shaped housing 1121, and are threadedly connected to the locking nut 115. The conical housing 1122 and the frustum-shaped housing 1121 are integrated.

[0039] The bottom end of the spiral diverter 1131 is inserted into the acceleration channel 1123, so that the airflow in the acceleration channel 1123 preferentially passes through the spiral diverter 1131 to form a spiral airflow, which achieves a better dust prevention effect.

[0040] The vortex-type dust collector hood 11 also includes a suction pipe 117; the suction pipe 117 is connected to the top of the dustproof shell 113; the suction pipe 117 includes a straight pipe 1171 and a curved pipe 1172; the ends where the straight pipe 1171 and the curved pipe 1172 meet are circumferentially distributed with spiral diverting strips B 11711; the spiral diverting strips B 11711 can further divide the airflow into a central airflow and a spiral airflow, preventing powder from falling into the curved pipe 1172.

[0041] Example 2: Example 2 is basically the same as Example 1, and the similarities will not be repeated. The difference is that the dust removal system also includes a dust collection box 12, a dust collection tank 13, and a negative pressure fan 14; the suction pipe 117 is connected to the upper side of the dust collection tank 13; the negative pressure fan 14 is connected to the top of the dust collection tank 13; the bottom of the dust collection tank 13 is provided with a dust discharge pipe 131; the dust discharge pipe 131 is provided with a powder control valve 1311; the dust discharge pipe 131 is connected to the dust collection box 12; the dust removal system centrally processes the powder.

[0042] The end of the suction pipe 117 that connects to the dust collection tank 13 is equipped with a control valve 1173 to control whether dust is removed at the corresponding position.

[0043] Example 3: See Figure 13 The process of a complete set of equipment for crushing and sorting construction waste according to Embodiment 2 includes the following steps: ① Sorting of metallic and nonmetallic materials The primary crusher performs primary crushing of construction waste, which is then conveyed to the lightweight material sorting component via magnetic separation conveyor belt 22. At the output end of magnetic separation conveyor belt 22, metal objects fall to one side of the sorting partition 24 due to the action of permanent magnet iron removal roller 23; non-metallic objects are thrown to the other side of the sorting partition 24 by magnetic separation conveyor belt 22 and enter the lightweight material sorting component; metal objects enter the metal collection box 25. ② Sorting of lightweight materials and construction waste particles Non-metallic materials enter the sorting tank 31 through the feed inlet 311; inside the sorting tank 31, the non-metallic materials fall; the negative pressure fan 34 is activated, creating negative pressure suction in the lightweight material pipe 33; the lightweight materials within the non-metallic materials are drawn into the settling tank 32 by the negative pressure suction of the lightweight material pipe 33; the lightweight materials entering the settling tank 32 slow down and slowly settle to the bottom of the settling tank 32; when a certain amount of lightweight materials accumulates, the lightweight material control valve 3211 is opened to discharge the lightweight materials; the lightweight materials have a dedicated lightweight material collection chamber 322; the discharged lightweight materials... Lightweight materials enter the lightweight material collection bin 322; construction waste particles in the non-metallic material bin fall onto the fine aggregate filter plate 314; coarse aggregate slides down the fine aggregate filter plate 314 into the coarse aggregate bin 313; when a certain amount of coarse aggregate accumulates, the coarse aggregate in the coarse aggregate bin 313 is subjected to primary crushing again; fine aggregate enters the bottom of the sorting tank 31 through the fine aggregate filter plate 314, and is discharged onto the particle conveyor belt A 35 through the fine aggregate discharge pipe 315; the particle conveyor belt A 35 transports the fine aggregate to the particle sorting component; ③ Sorting of concrete particles and masonry particles The sorted construction waste particles are fed into the secondary crusher 41 for secondary crushing; the particle size of the construction waste particles after secondary crushing is further reduced; the construction waste particles after secondary crushing are fed into the sorting device 43; the construction waste particles after secondary crushing enter the sorting device by using the particle conveyor belt 42. After secondary crushing, the construction waste particles enter the sorting box 431 between the guide ramp 432 and the two longitudinal baffles 4323. The particles slide down the guide ramp 432, gradually approaching a flattened state. They then enter the ventilation area 4321. The air box 433 blows air upwards through the ventilation area 4321. Brick and stone particles in the construction waste are lifted by the airflow. Concrete particles, unaffected by the airflow, continue to slide down the guide ramp 432, meaning the brick and stone particles and concrete particles are separated into layers. The particles are blocked by the herringbone plate 4324 and slide to the screen areas 4322 on both sides; the concrete particles continue to slide down through the sliding gap 4325 and, under the restriction of the longitudinal baffle 4323, continue to slide towards the concrete hopper 4311, and are finally discharged from the concrete hopper 4311; each time they pass through the herringbone plate 4324, a portion of the brick and stone particles are screened out; the brick and stone particles enter the screen area 4322, lose the effect of wind, fall through the screen area 4322 into the brick and stone hopper 4312, and are finally discharged from the brick and stone hopper 4312; ④ Dust removal and powder collection The dust removal system extracts the powder generated by the primary crusher, secondary crusher 41, and sorting device 43. The dust removal system extracts the powder generated by the primary crusher, secondary crusher 41, and sorting device 43 by using a vortex dust collector 11; the powder collected by the vortex dust collector 11 is placed in the dust settling tank 13 and finally enters the dust collection box 12.

[0044] Example 4: See Figure 14 Example 4 is basically the same as Example 3, and the similarities will not be repeated. The difference is that the process also includes ⑤ reuse, which is set between steps ③ and ④.

[0045] ⑤ Reuse The sorting device 43 separates brick and stone particles from concrete particles; the brick and stone particles are conveyed to a dedicated cyclone separator using a low-speed pneumatic tube; the concrete particles are conveyed to a dedicated cyclone separator using a high-speed pneumatic tube; the dedicated cyclone separator separates powder and brick and stone particles; the brick and stone particles enter the brick aggregate bin; the dedicated cyclone separator separates powder and concrete particles; the powder is collected in the dust collection box 12 by the dust collector; finally, the sorted brick and stone particles, concrete particles, and powder are mixed in a certain proportion to form recycled brick and stone aggregate. Lightweight materials such as plastics in the lightweight material collection bin 322 and metals in the metal collection bin 25 are recycled and reused as needed.

Claims

1. A complete set of equipment for crushing and sorting construction waste, characterized in that, The system includes a dust removal system and sequentially connected metal sorting, lightweight material sorting, and particulate matter sorting components. The metal sorting component includes a primary crusher. The particulate matter sorting component includes a secondary crusher, a particle conveyor belt (B), and a sorting device, all connected in sequence. The particle conveyor belt (B) is located below the output end of the secondary crusher and communicates with the sorting device. The sorting device includes a sorting box, a guide ramp, and an air box. The bottom of the sorting box has a concrete hopper and a brick / stone hopper. The guide ramp is located above the brick / stone hopper. The high end and both sides of the guide ramp are connected to the sorting box. The inner walls are connected, and the lower end connects to the concrete hopper; the guide inclined plate includes a central ventilation area and screen areas on both sides; a longitudinal baffle extends upward from the junction of the ventilation area and the screen area; the air box is set between the ventilation area and the brick hopper, and the air outlet range corresponds to and matches the ventilation area; several herringbone plates with their pointed ends are evenly distributed above the ventilation area along the length of the longitudinal baffle; a sliding gap is maintained between the middle of the herringbone plate and the ventilation area; the two feet of the herringbone plate extend into the screen area; the tops of the primary crusher, secondary crusher and sorting device are all connected to the dust removal system.

2. The complete set of equipment for crushing and sorting construction waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal sorting assembly also includes a magnetic separation conveyor belt, a permanent magnet iron removal roller, and a sorting partition; the output end of the primary crusher is located at the input end of the magnetic separation conveyor belt; the output end of the magnetic separation conveyor belt is equipped with a permanent magnet iron removal roller that cooperates with the magnetic separation conveyor belt; and the sorting partition is located below the permanent magnet iron removal roller.

3. The complete set of equipment for crushing and sorting construction waste according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The lightweight material sorting assembly includes a sorting tank, a settling tank, a lightweight material pipe, a negative pressure fan armor, and a particle conveyor belt armor. A feed inlet is located on the upper side wall of one side of the sorting tank. A lightweight material sorting port and a coarse aggregate bin are located in the middle of the other side of the sorting tank, connected to one end of the lightweight material pipe. The other end of the lightweight material pipe is connected to the upper side wall of the settling tank. The top of the settling tank is connected to the negative pressure fan armor. A lightweight material discharge pipe is located at the bottom of the settling tank. The lightweight material discharge pipe is equipped with a lightweight material control valve. The coarse aggregate bin is located below the lightweight material sorting port. An inclined fine aggregate filter plate is located inside the sorting tank. The edge of the fine aggregate filter plate is connected to the wall of the sorting tank pipe. The end of the fine aggregate filter plate near the coarse aggregate bin is lower than the coarse aggregate bin, while the end of the fine aggregate filter plate away from the coarse aggregate bin is higher than the coarse aggregate bin. A fine aggregate discharge pipe is located at the bottom of the sorting tank. The particle conveyor belt armor is located below the fine aggregate discharge pipe and is connected to the input end of the secondary crusher.

4. The complete set of equipment for crushing and sorting construction waste according to claim 3, characterized in that: The end of the lightweight material tube that connects to the lightweight material sorting port is inserted obliquely into the sorting tank.

5. The complete set of equipment for crushing and sorting construction waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the longitudinal baffle is provided with a partition plate that extends toward the inner wall of the sorting box.

6. The complete set of equipment for crushing and sorting construction waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: A blocking block extends downward from the bottom of the tip of the herringbone plate; the end face of the blocking block coincides with the end face of the tip of the herringbone plate.

7. The complete set of equipment for crushing and sorting construction waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower section of the longitudinal baffle is provided with several installation steps; the number of herringbone plates is less than or equal to the number of installation steps; the two legs of the herringbone plates can be detachably installed on the installation steps.

8. The complete set of equipment for crushing and sorting construction waste according to claim 7, characterized in that: The lower end of the mounting step extends outward to form a connecting plate A; both feet of the herringbone plate are provided with vertical connecting plates B; connecting plate A has an adjustment elongated hole A perpendicular to the length direction of the longitudinal baffle; connecting plate B has an adjustment elongated hole B parallel to the length direction of the longitudinal baffle; the sorting device also includes mounting bolts and mounting nuts; the mounting bolts pass through the adjustment elongated holes A and B and are threadedly connected to the mounting nuts.

9. The complete set of equipment for crushing and sorting construction waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dust removal system includes a cyclone dust collector hood; the cyclone dust collector hood includes an outer shell, an acceleration pipe, and a dust-prevention shell connected from bottom to top; the top of the dust-prevention shell is connected to a negative pressure source; the outer shell covers the top of the primary crusher, the secondary crusher, and the sorting device; the acceleration pipe includes a frustum shell and a conical box; an acceleration channel with a larger bottom and a smaller top is formed between the inner wall of the frustum shell and the outer wall of the conical box; the dust-prevention shell is frustum shaped as a whole, with several spiral diversion strips distributed around the inner circumference of the inner wall.

10. A process for a complete set of equipment for crushing and sorting construction waste as described in claim 2, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: ① Sorting of metallic and nonmetallic materials The primary crusher performs primary crushing of construction waste, which is then conveyed to the lightweight material sorting component via a magnetic separation conveyor belt. At the output end of the magnetic separation conveyor belt, metallic materials fall to one side of the sorting partition due to the action of the permanent magnet iron removal roller; non-metallic materials are thrown to the other side of the sorting partition by the magnetic separation conveyor belt and enter the lightweight material sorting component. ② Sorting of lightweight materials and construction waste particles ③ Sorting of concrete particles and masonry particles The sorted construction waste particles are fed into a secondary crusher for further crushing; the particle size of the construction waste particles after secondary crushing is further reduced; the construction waste particles after secondary crushing are then fed into a sorting device. After secondary crushing, the construction waste particles enter the guide ramp of the sorting box, between two longitudinal baffles. The particles slide down the guide ramp, gradually approaching a flattened state. They then enter the ventilation area, where the air box blows air upwards. Brick and stone particles in the construction waste are lifted by the airflow. Concrete particles, unaffected by the airflow, continue to slide down the guide ramp, resulting in a layered structure of brick and stone particles and concrete particles. The brick and stone particles are blocked by the herringbone plate and slide towards the screen areas on both sides. The concrete particles continue to slide down through the gaps and, constrained by the longitudinal baffles, continue to slide towards the concrete hopper, eventually being discharged from it. Each time a particle passes through a herringbone plate, a portion of the brick and stone particles is screened out. These particles enter the screen area, lose the airflow, and fall through the screen area into the brick and stone hopper, where they are eventually discharged. ④ Dust removal and powder collection The dust removal system extracts the powder generated by the primary crusher, secondary crusher, and sorting device.

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