High-precision numerical control rotary table with interchangeable workpiece pallets

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of CNC rotary tables, and provides a high-precision CNC rotary table with interchangeable workpiece trays, including a tray, an upper slide, a lower slide, a tray clamping and detection mechanism, a crossed cylindrical roller slewing bearing, and a rotary hydraulic circuit assembly. The bottom of the tray is equipped with a support roller mechanism, a pressure block, and a positioning sleeve, and the end is equipped with a drag hook; the top of the upper slide is equipped with a tray guiding and clamping mechanism, a tray positioning mechanism, and a positioning block, and the end is equipped with a tray stop; the top of the lower slide is equipped with a slide clamping / releasing mechanism, and the end is equipped with a dual servo motor drive system; the inner and outer rings of the crossed cylindrical roller slewing bearing are respectively mounted on the upper slide and the lower slide; the rotary hydraulic circuit assembly is installed in a circular countersunk hole between the upper slide and the lower slide, and a circular grating assembly is installed between the rotary hydraulic circuit assemblies. This invention's table can automatically exchange two workpiece trays through electrical control, shortening workpiece loading and unloading waiting time and improving machine tool utilization and processing efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of CNC rotary tables, and particularly relates to a high-precision CNC rotary table with interchangeable workpiece trays. Background Technology

[0002] CNC rotary tables are widely used in the mass production of workpieces in fields such as engineering machinery and automobiles. More and more products are being mass-produced using automated and intelligent production lines to improve work efficiency and working conditions. The requirements for equipment automation are increasing, processing steps are becoming more concentrated, and the demand for flexibility and intelligence is becoming increasingly prominent, requiring significant improvements in processing efficiency and reductions in auxiliary time such as tool and workpiece changes. Currently, CNC planer-boring machines equipped with CNC rotary tables can process multiple surfaces or holes on a workpiece in a single clamping operation, achieving multi-process machining. However, when the machine tool is used for batch processing, the workpiece loading and unloading time is relatively long, and the machine tool remains in standby mode during this period, resulting in low machine tool utilization. Therefore, designing a high-precision CNC rotary table with automatic pallet exchange suitable for planer-boring machines is an urgent problem to be solved in order to shorten workpiece loading and unloading time and improve machine tool utilization and processing efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a high-precision CNC rotary table with interchangeable workpiece trays, which can automatically exchange two workpiece trays through electrical control, shortening workpiece loading and unloading waiting time and improving machine tool utilization and processing efficiency.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a high-precision CNC rotary table with interchangeable workpiece pallets, comprising a pallet, an upper slide, a lower slide, a support roller mechanism, a pressure block, a positioning sleeve, a drag hook, a stop block, a pallet positioning mechanism, a positioning block, a pallet guiding clamping mechanism, a pallet clamping detection mechanism, a slide clamping / releasing mechanism, a dual servo motor transmission system, a cross-cylindrical roller slewing bearing, a rotary oil circuit assembly, and a circular grating assembly. The support roller mechanism, pressure block, and positioning sleeve are installed at the bottom of the pallet, and a drag hook is installed at the end; the pallet guiding clamping mechanism, pallet positioning mechanism, and positioning block are installed at the top of the upper slide, and a pallet stop block is installed at the end; the slide clamping / releasing mechanism is installed at the top of the lower slide, and a dual servo motor transmission system is installed at the end; the inner and outer rings of the cross-cylindrical roller slewing bearing are respectively installed on the upper slide and the lower slide; the rotary oil circuit assembly is installed in a circular countersunk hole between the upper slide and the lower slide, and the circular grating assembly is installed between the rotary oil circuit assemblies.

[0005] In the above technical solution, the upper part of the pallet is provided with a standard T-slot for clamping workpieces. The pallet and workpiece are pulled out or sent to the top of the upper slide by a tow hook installed at the end of the pallet. The bottom of the pallet is provided with a T-slot, the number of which can be greater than or equal to 2 according to the width dimension of the pallet. The bottom of the pallet is provided with two arc-shaped slots near the two side edges.

[0006] In the above technical solution, the array of supporting rollers is arranged in the T-shaped through groove at the bottom of the pallet body, and the number can be greater than or equal to 2×4 depending on the length dimension of the pallet body.

[0007] In the above technical solution, the pressure block is arranged on the edge of the T-shaped through groove at the bottom of the tray body, located on both sides of the support roller mechanism. The lower surface of the pressure block is higher than the bottom surface of the tray body, and its number can be greater than or equal to 2×8 depending on the arrangement of the support roller mechanism.

[0008] In the above technical solution, the positioning sleeves are arranged symmetrically at the middle position of the bottom of the tray body, and the quantity is 2.

[0009] In the above technical solution, the tow hook is installed at the end of the pallet body, the bottom surface of the tow hook is provided with a rectangular through groove, one end of the groove is provided with a chamfer, and the number of tow hooks is 1.

[0010] In the above technical solution, the top array of the upper slide block is provided with circular stepped countersunk holes, the number of which corresponds to the number of supporting roller mechanisms and can be greater than or equal to 2×8. The bottom of the upper slide block has multiple layers of annular stepped surfaces and annular T-shaped grooves, and multiple layers of annular stepped holes are provided in the middle.

[0011] In the above technical solution, the tray stop is installed at the center of the end of the upper slide block, and the number of stops is 1.

[0012] In the above technical solution, the pallet positioning mechanism is arranged on both sides of the upper slide near the edge, and the number is 2.

[0013] In the above technical solution, the positioning blocks are symmetrically arranged at the top center of the upper slide block, and the number of them is 2.

[0014] In the above technical solution, the pallet guide clamping mechanism is longitudinally installed on the top of the upper slide, and the number can be greater than or equal to 2 depending on the width of the pallet.

[0015] In the above technical solution, the top of the sliding seat is provided with a multi-layered annular stepped surface, and a circular stepped hole is arranged in a ring on the outer protrusion, penetrating the sliding seat, and the number of such holes is 8.

[0016] In the above technical solution, the limiting rod of the pallet clamping detection mechanism is fixed at the bottom of the T-shaped guide rail, the guide sleeve is installed on the top of the upper slide block, the proximity switch mounting cylinder is fixed on the side of the lower slide block, the limiting switch is inserted into the round hole at the end of the mounting through, and the number of T-shaped guide rail clamping detection mechanisms is 2.

[0017] In the above technical solution, the slide clamping / releasing mechanism is arranged in a ring on the top of the slide, and the number can be greater than or equal to 8 depending on the size of the slide table.

[0018] In the above technical solution, the dual servo motor drive system is arranged on one side of the end of the sliding seat.

[0019] In the above technical solution, the inner ring of the cross cylindrical roller slewing bearing is fixed to the bottom of the upper slide seat, and the outer ring is fixed to the top of the lower slide seat.

[0020] In the above technical solution, the rotary oil circuit assembly is installed in the central annular countersunk hole of the upper slide and the lower slide.

[0021] In the above technical solution, the circular grating assembly is installed inside the central circular hole at the top of the upper slide block.

[0022] In the above technical solution, the supporting roller mechanism includes a roller seat, a roller shaft, roller driven bearings, an annular pad, and a tapered set screw. The roller seat has a frustum structure with two through slots extending through the thickness of the roller seat at the top. A circular through hole is provided on the side of the roller seat. The roller shaft passes through the inner holes of the two roller driven bearings and the circular through hole of the roller seat to fix the bearings to the roller seat. The shaft is then fixed by the tapered set screw. The roller seat is fixed to the bottom of the T-shaped through slot at the lower end of the tray by screws.

[0023] When the pallet is dragged close to the upper slide, multiple T-shaped slots at the bottom of the pallet align with the T-shaped guide rail. At the same time, there are lead-in chamfers at the upper end and both sides of the T-shaped guide rail, and guide rollers are also installed at this end of the T-shaped guide rail. The pallet moves along the T-shaped guide rail by relying on the support rollers and guide rollers at the bottom of the T-shaped slots.

[0024] In the above technical solution, the pallet positioning mechanism includes a pallet positioning block, a small shaft, an end cap, a steel ball, and a spring. The small shaft, installed in the circular hole of the pallet positioning block, is pushed by the pre-compression of the spring, which presses the steel ball into the bottom conical hole. Simultaneously, the radius of the small ball is larger than the diameter of the top hole, preventing it from being pushed out. When the pallet moves horizontally towards the top of the slide on the CNC rotary table, its bottom sides are held in place by the steel ball from both sides, ensuring that the pallet's movement direction does not deviate. As the pallet continues to move, when its front end touches the pallet stop block installed at the end of the upper slide, the steel ball is positioned at the arc-shaped grooves on both sides of the bottom of the pallet. Due to the gap between the steel ball and the arc-shaped groove, the cylindrical pressure spring rebounds, pushing the small shaft and the steel ball together towards the pallet, pressing the steel ball against the arc-shaped groove and keeping the pallet at the center of the upper slide. The radius of the steel ball and the arc-shaped groove are the same.

[0025] In the above technical solution, the pallet guiding and clamping mechanism includes a T-shaped guide rail, a pallet clamping / releasing cylinder, a support block, a guide rail plate, roller shafts, and guide rollers. Guide wheels are installed at the ends of the T-shaped guide rail for guiding pallet movement. When the pallet is in position, the clamping oil circuit of the pallet clamping / releasing cylinder is energized, and the piston pulls the T-shaped guide rail downwards to clamp the pallet. At this time, the pressure block installed at the bottom of the pallet is in close contact with the support block installed at the top of the upper slide. When the releasing oil circuit of the pallet clamping / releasing cylinder is energized, the cylinder piston pushes the T-shaped guide rail upwards, releasing the pallet. At this time, air is energized to blow and clean the surfaces of the pressure block and the support block.

[0026] In the above technical solution, the pallet clamping detection mechanism includes a limit rod, a guide sleeve, a mounting cylinder, proximity switches, and hexagon socket head cap screws. The tail end of the limit rod is fixed to the bottom of the T-shaped guide rail by the hexagon socket head cap screws and can move up and down along the guide sleeve. The guide sleeve is fixed on the upper slide block and is equipped with an O-ring seal and a dustproof ring. The mounting cylinder is fixed on both sides of the lower slide block, and two proximity switches are installed vertically on the top of the mounting cylinder. By detecting the position of the frustum at the top of the limit rod, the release and clamping detection of the pallet is realized.

[0027] In the above technical solution, the slide clamping / releasing mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder, a guide pin, a T-shaped clamping rod, a set screw, and a straight-through pipe connector. When the hydraulic cylinder is not supplied with oil, a pre-compressed disc spring inside the cylinder provides tension, pulling the T-shaped clamping rod down to clamp the upper slide. When the hydraulic cylinder is supplied with oil, the cylinder piston pushes the T-shaped clamping rod upward, and the upper slide is in a relaxed state, which can drive the pallet and workpiece to rotate.

[0028] In the above technical solution, the rotary hydraulic circuit assembly includes an oil inlet plate, a fixed sleeve, a rotating shaft, an oil distribution plate, and an end straight-through pipe joint. Three passages—clamping, loosening, and air blowing—are provided at different positions around the circumference of the oil inlet plate. Clamping, loosening, and air blowing passages are also provided at different heights on the fixed sleeve, rotating shaft, and oil distribution plate, and are interconnected. Each passage is equipped with a sealing groove and a sealing ring, ultimately allowing hydraulic oil or compressed air entering from the clamping, loosening, and air inlets of the oil inlet plate to enter the corresponding passages of the upper slide block, achieving the clamping, loosening, and bottom compressed air purging cleaning of the tray.

[0029] In the above technical solution, each set of the dual servo motor drive system mainly includes a servo motor, a planetary reducer, a bushing, a bevel gear shaft, bevel gears, a gear shaft, and a large gear ring. The horizontally mounted servo motor drives the planetary reducer to rotate a pair of bevel gears, which in turn drive the vertically oriented gear shaft to rotate. This gear shaft meshes with the large gear ring mounted on the annular step surface at the bottom of the upper slide, thereby causing the upper slide and the tray to rotate together. Simultaneously, the dual servo motor drive system is synchronously controlled by a CNC system, automatically eliminating the transmission backlash between the gear shaft and the large gear ring through electrical adjustment, thus improving transmission accuracy and reliability.

[0030] In the above technical solution, the circular grating assembly includes a fixed disk, an outer ring fixing flange, an inner ring fixing flange, an adjusting shim, and a circular grating. The fixed disk is installed in the central circular hole of the upper slide block. The outer ring of the circular grating is installed on the upper end of the rotating oil circuit assembly fixing sleeve through the outer ring fixing flange. The inner ring of the circular grating is installed on the top of the fixed disk through the inner ring fixing flange. The axial clearance between the inner and outer rings of the circular grating is adjusted by the adjusting shim.

[0031] This invention relates to a high-precision CNC rotary table with interchangeable workpiece pallets. It features a compact structure, rational layout, and space-saving design. Through guiding, positioning, clamping, and detection mechanisms installed at the bottom of the pallet, it enables rapid pallet positioning and exchange, reducing workpiece loading and unloading waiting time and improving machine tool utilization and processing efficiency. Simultaneously, the clamping, rotating, and orienting mechanisms between the upper and lower slides ensure effective clamping of the rotary table, enhancing its rotational positioning accuracy and repeatability. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the rotary table of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 for Figure 1 View from A-axis (pallet bottom view).

[0034] Figure 3 for Figure 1 View from B (without tray).

[0035] Figure 4for Figure 1 View from the center (C-axis) (with the top slide removed).

[0036] Figure 5 for Figure 3 AA view.

[0037] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Enlarged view of section I in the middle.

[0038] Figure 7 for Figure 5 Enlarged view of section II in the middle.

[0039] Figure 8 for Figure 5 Enlarged view of section III.

[0040] Figure 9 for Figure 3 The views are aa, bb, ee, and gg.

[0041] Figure 10 for Figure 4 dd view in Chinese.

[0042] Figure 11 for Figure 4 BB view.

[0043] The components are: 1. Pallet, 2. Upper slide, 3. Lower slide, 4. Support roller mechanism, 41. Roller seat, 42. Roller shaft, 43. Roller driven bearing, 44. Set screw, 45. Annular pad, 5. Positioning sleeve, 6. Towing hook, 7. Pallet stop, 8. Pallet positioning mechanism, 81. Pallet positioning block, 82. Spring, 83. End cap, 84. Small shaft, 85. Steel ball, 9. Positioning block, 10. Pallet guide clamping mechanism, 101. Hydraulic cylinder A, 102. Support block, 103. T-shaped guide rail, 104. Hexagonal head screw, 105. Guide rail plate, 106. Plug, 107. Roller shaft, 108. Guide roller, 11. Pressure block, 12. Pallet clamping detection mechanism, 121. Mounting cylinder, 122. Proximity switch, 123. Limit rod, 12 4. Guide sleeve; 125. Socket head cap screw; 13. Slide clamping / releasing mechanism; 131. Hydraulic cylinder B; 132. Guide pin; 133. T-type clamping rod; 134. Set screw; 135. End straight-through pipe connector; 14. Dual servo motor drive system; 141. Servo motor; 142. Planetary reducer; 143. Bushing; 144. Bevel gear shaft; 145. Bevel gear; 146. Large gear ring; 147. Gear shaft; 15. Crossed cylindrical roller slewing bearing; 16. Rotary oil circuit assembly; 161. Oil inlet plate; 162. Fixed sleeve; 163. Rotary shaft; 164. Oil distributor plate; 165. End straight-through pipe connector; 171. Fixed plate; 172. Outer ring fixed flange; 173. Inner ring fixed flange; 174. Adjusting shim; 175. Circular grating. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be practiced in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0045] It should be noted that when a component is said to be "fixed to" another component, it can be directly attached to the other component or there may be an intervening component. When a component is said to be "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be an intervening component.

[0046] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0047] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the present invention provides a high-precision CNC rotary table with interchangeable workpiece pallets, including a pallet 1, an upper slide 2, a lower slide 3, a support roller mechanism 4, a positioning sleeve 5, a drag hook 6, a pallet stop 7, a pallet positioning mechanism 8, a positioning block 9, a pallet guiding clamping mechanism 10, a pressure block 11, a pallet clamping detection mechanism 12, a slide clamping / releasing mechanism 13, a dual servo motor transmission system 14, a cross cylindrical roller turntable bearing 15, a rotary oil circuit assembly 16, and a circular grating assembly 17.

[0048] like Figure 2 As shown, a tow hook 6 is installed at the end of the pallet 1 for the pallet exchange mechanism to move the pallet 1 and the workpiece clamped on it to realize pallet exchange. The support roller mechanism 4 is installed in the T-shaped through groove 1-1 at the bottom of the pallet 1 as a rolling support when the pallet 1 moves. The pressure block 11 is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the support roller mechanism 4 at the edge of the T-shaped through groove 1-1 at the bottom of the pallet 1. The positioning sleeve 5 is installed at the bottom of the pallet 1. When the pallet 1 moves along the length direction of the pallet guide clamping mechanism 10 to the front end and touches the pallet stop block 7 installed at the end of the upper slide block 2, the front steel ball 85 of the pallet positioning mechanism 8 just abuts against the arc groove 1-2 preset at the center position on both sides of the pallet 1. At this time, the two positioning sleeves 5 installed at the bottom of the pallet 1 and the two positioning blocks 9 installed at the top of the upper slide block 2 are coaxially aligned. When the clamping oil circuit of the pallet guide clamping mechanism 10 is opened, the pallet 1 moves downward and closes to the upper slide block 2. The end round frustum of the positioning block 9 is inserted into the round hole of the positioning sleeve 5. The pressure block 11 installed at the bottom of the pallet 1 and the support When the support block 104 is in contact with the upper slide 2, the tray 1 is clamped and positioned. Conversely, when the release oil passage of the tray guide clamping mechanism 10 is opened, the tray 1 moves upward away from the upper slide 2, and the positioning block 9 disengages from the positioning sleeve 5, thus releasing the tray 1. The tray clamping detection mechanism 12 installed between the upper slide 2 and the lower slide 3 can detect whether the clamping and release of the tray are in place. The slide clamping / releasing mechanism 13 is arranged in a ring on the top of the lower slide 3, which can realize the clamping and release of the upper slide 2 and the lower slide 3. The clamping and loosening of seat 3 is achieved by a dual servo motor transmission system 14 installed at the end of the lower slide seat 3, which drives the large gear ring 146 installed at the bottom of the upper slide seat 2 to rotate. Rotational rolling support is provided by the cross-cylindrical roller bearing 15 installed between the upper slide seat 2 and the lower slide seat 3, thereby realizing the rotational movement of the upper slide seat 2. The rotary oil circuit assembly 16 is installed in the circular countersunk hole between the upper slide seat 2 and the lower slide seat 3, supplying oil or air to the tray guide clamping mechanism 10 installed on the top of the upper slide seat 2. The circular grating assembly 17 is installed between the upper slide seat 2 and the rotary oil circuit assembly 16, providing fully closed-loop control for the rotational movement of the upper slide seat 2.

[0049] In the above embodiment, the top array of the upper slide block is provided with circular stepped countersunk holes, the number of which corresponds to the number of supporting roller mechanisms and can be greater than or equal to 2×8. The bottom of the upper slide block has multiple layers of annular stepped surfaces and annular T-shaped grooves, and multiple layers of annular stepped holes are provided in the middle.

[0050] In the above embodiment, the top of the sliding seat 3 is provided with a multi-layered annular stepped surface, and circular stepped holes are arranged in a ring on the outer protrusion, penetrating the sliding seat, with a quantity of 8. Figure 4 As shown.

[0051] In the above embodiment, the number of the drag hooks 6 is 1, the bottom surface is provided with a rectangular through groove, and one end of the groove is provided with an inlet chamfer for the pallet exchange mechanism to drag the workpiece pallet.

[0052] In the above embodiment, the number of T-shaped through slots 1-1 at the lower end of the tray 1 is 2, which are symmetrically arranged along the width direction of the tray 1. The number of slots can be greater than or equal to 2 depending on the width of the tray 1.

[0053] In the above embodiment, the number of supporting roller mechanisms 4 is 2×4, which are equidistantly arranged in a T-shaped through-slot bottom at the lower end of the tray 1. They include roller seats 41, roller shafts 42, roller driven bearings 43, tapered set screws 44, and annular pads 45. The top of the roller seat 41 is provided with two through-slots that penetrate the thickness direction for installing the roller driven bearings 43. A circular through hole is provided on the side of the roller seat 41. The roller shaft 42 passes through the circular through hole on the roller seat 41 and the inner holes of the two roller driven bearings 43 to combine the roller driven bearings 43 with the roller seat 41. The roller shaft 42 is then fixed by the set screw 44 at the center of the top of the roller seat 41. The roller seat 41 is fixed in the circular hole at the bottom of the T-shaped through-slot 1-1 by screws. The outer diameter of the roller seat 41 is adapted to the diameter of the circular hole. The installation depth of the supporting roller mechanism 4 can be adjusted by the annular pad 45 installed on the top of the roller seat.

[0054] In the above embodiment, the number of pressure blocks 11 is 16, arranged on the edge of the T-shaped through groove, located on both sides of each support roller mechanism 4, and the lower surface is higher than the bottom surface of the tray 1.

[0055] In the above embodiment, the number of positioning sleeves 5 is 2, which are centrally symmetrically arranged and installed on the bottom of the tray 1 along the length direction of the T-shaped through groove 1-1, and a circular stepped hole is provided at the center position.

[0056] In the above embodiment, the tray stop 7 is installed at the center of the end of the upper slide block 2, and the quantity is 1.

[0057] like Figure 6As shown, there are two pallet positioning mechanisms 8, symmetrically arranged on the top edge of the upper slide block 2. Each mechanism includes a pallet positioning block 81, a cylindrical steel wire compression spring 82, an end cap 83, a small shaft 84, and steel balls 85. The small shaft 84, installed in the circular hole on the side of the pallet positioning block 81, receives thrust from the pre-compression of the cylindrical steel wire compression spring 82, which pushes the steel balls 85 into the bottom conical hole. Simultaneously, the radius of the steel balls 85 is larger than the top hole diameter, preventing them from being squeezed out. When the pallet 1 moves horizontally towards the top of the slide block 2 on the CNC rotary table, its bottom sides are pushed by the steel balls 85. 5. The tray 1 is supported from both sides to ensure that the movement direction of the tray 1 will not be deflected. When the tray 1 continues to move, its front end touches the tray stop 7 installed at the end of the upper slide block 2. The steel ball 85 is exactly at the position of the arc groove 1-2 on both sides of the bottom of the tray 1. Because a gap is generated between the steel ball 85 and the arc groove 1-2, the round steel wire cylindrical pressure spring 82 rebounds and pushes the small shaft 84 and the steel ball 85 to move towards the tray 1 together. The steel ball 85 is just supported at the arc groove 1-2, keeping the tray 1 in the center position of the upper slide block 2. The radius of the steel ball 85 and the arc groove 1-2 are the same.

[0058] In the above embodiment, the number of positioning blocks 9 is 2, which are installed on the top of the upper slide block 2. The spacing is equal to that of the positioning sleeve 5. The top is provided with a boss, which is circular and rhomboid respectively. The outer diameter of the boss matches the size of the central circular hole of the positioning sleeve 5, thereby ensuring the positioning of the tray 1 when it is clamped with the upper slide block 2.

[0059] like Figure 9 As shown, the number of pallet guiding clamping mechanisms 10 is 2, which is equivalent to the number of T-shaped through slots 1-1 at the bottom of the pallet 1. It includes hydraulic cylinders A, support blocks 102, T-shaped guide rails 103, hexagonal cylindrical head screws 104, guide rail plates 105, plugs 106, roller shafts 107, and guide rollers 108. The guide rollers 108 are fixed to the front end of the T-shaped guide rails 103 through the roller shafts 107 for guiding the movement of the pallet 1. The T-shaped guide rails 103 are connected to multiple hydraulic cylinders A through hexagonal cylindrical head screws 104. The hydraulic cylinders A are arranged in an array on the top of the upper slide block 2, and their number and spacing are equal to those of the support roller mechanism 4. The three inlets at the bottom of the hydraulic cylinders A—clamping, releasing, and venting—are connected to the corresponding passages on the upper slide block 2, and O-rings are installed at the orifices.

[0060] When the clamping oil passage of cylinder A is filled with oil, its piston can drive the T-shaped guide rail 103 to move downward and press the T-shaped through groove 1-1 at the bottom of the tray 1. At the same time, the upper surface of the support block 102 installed on both sides of the piston of cylinder A is pressed against the lower surface of the bottom pressing block 11 of the tray 1, thereby achieving the clamping of the tray 1.

[0061] When the oil passage of the cylinder A is opened, its piston drives the T-shaped guide rail 103 to move upward and disengage from the T-shaped through groove 1-1 at the bottom of the tray 1, and then contacts the roller driven bearing 43 on the support roller mechanism 4. At the same time, the upper surface of the support block 102 disengages from the lower surface of the bottom pressure block 11 of the tray 1, thereby realizing the relaxation of the tray 1.

[0062] In the above embodiment, the upper surface of the T-shaped guide rail 103 is provided with a rectangular through groove, and a guide rail plate 105 is fixed in the groove. Its length and width are adapted to the rectangular through groove. When the tray 1 moves along the length direction of the T-shaped guide rail 103, the roller driven bearing 43 on the bottom support roller mechanism 4 only contacts the guide rail plate 105. The upper surface of the guide rail plate 105 is specially heat-treated to improve its surface hardness and wear resistance, thereby improving the service life of the T-shaped guide rail 103.

[0063] In the above embodiment, the number of hydraulic cylinders A is 8, which is equivalent to the support roller mechanism 4 at the bottom of the tray 1. The bottom of the cylinders A has three holes for clamping, releasing and venting, which are connected to the clamping, releasing and venting holes in the upper slide cylinder mounting hole, and are used for clamping, releasing and venting of hydraulic cylinders A.

[0064] In the above embodiment, the number of support blocks 102 is 16, which is equivalent to the number of pressure blocks 11 at the bottom of the tray 1. Ventilation holes are provided in the thickness direction, which communicate with the ventilation holes on the upper surface of the oil cylinder A, and O-rings are provided for sealing.

[0065] like Figure 7 As shown, the number of pallet clamping detection mechanisms 12 is two, including a mounting cylinder 121, a proximity switch 122, a limit rod 123, a guide sleeve 124, and an internal hexagon head screw 125. The tail end of the limit rod 123 is fixed to the bottom of the T-shaped guide rail 103 by the internal hexagon head screw 125. When the T-shaped guide rail 103 moves, it can drive the limit rod 123 to move up and down along the guide sleeve 124. The guide sleeve 124 is fixed to the top of the upper slide seat 102 and is equipped with an O-ring seal and a dustproof ring. The mounting cylinder 121 is fixed on both sides of the lower slide seat 2. Two proximity switches 122 are installed vertically on the top of the mounting cylinder 121. The relaxation and clamping of the pallet 1 can be detected by identifying the position of the frustum at the top of the limit rod 123.

[0066] like Figure 10As shown, the slide clamping / relaxing mechanism 13 consists of 8 components, including a hydraulic cylinder B, a guide pin 132, a T-shaped clamping rod 133, a set screw 134, and an end straight-through pipe connector 135. The hydraulic cylinder B is fixed in the top circular hole of the lower slide seat 2 by the set screw 134. The guide pin 132, pre-set on the cylinder B, matches the pin hole on the lower slide seat 2 to prevent the hydraulic cylinder B from rotating. When the end straight-through pipe connector 135 is not energized, the pre-set, compressed disc spring inside the hydraulic cylinder B provides tension, pulling the T-shaped clamping rod 133 down to clamp the annular T-shaped groove on the upper slide seat 2 together with the hydraulic cylinder B, thus achieving the clamping of the upper slide seat 2. When the end straight-through pipe connector 135 is energized, the piston of the hydraulic cylinder B pushes the T-shaped clamping rod 133 upwards, disengaging it from the annular T-shaped groove. At this time, the upper slide seat 2 is in a relaxed state, allowing the tray 1 and the workpiece to rotate together.

[0067] like Figure 8 As shown, the rotary oil circuit assembly 16 includes an oil inlet plate 161, a fixing sleeve 162, a rotating shaft 163, an oil distribution plate 164, and an end straight pipe connector 165. The oil inlet plate 161 is fixed to the end face of the bottom center circular hole of the sliding seat 3 by screws. Three passages for clamping, loosening, and blowing are provided at different positions on the circumference of the oil inlet plate 161. The fixing sleeve 162 is fixed to the oil inlet plate 161 by screws, and its outer diameter matches the center bottom hole diameter of the sliding seat 3. The oil distribution plate 164 is fixed to the end face of the top center circular hole of the upper sliding seat 2. The end of the rotating shaft 163 is fixed on the oil distribution plate 164. The bottom shaft diameter passes through the center hole of the oil distribution plate 164 and the fixed sleeve 162. The outer diameter matches the hole size. Clamping, loosening and air blowing passages are provided at different height positions of the fixed sleeve 162, the rotating shaft 163 and the oil distribution plate 164 and are connected. Each passage is provided with a sealing groove and a sealing ring. The hydraulic oil or compressed air entering through the clamping, loosening and air blowing inlets of the oil inlet plate 161 is sent to the clamping, loosening and air blowing inlets at the bottom of the cylinder A, respectively.

[0068] like Figure 11 As shown, the dual servo motor transmission system 14 mainly includes two sets of servo motors 141, two sets of planetary reducers 142, two sets of bushings 143, two sets of bevel gear shafts 144, two sets of bevel gears 145, a large gear ring 146, and two sets of gear shafts 147. When the tray 1, upper slide 2, and lower slide 3 are all clamped, the servo motors 141, which are horizontally fixed on the lower slide 2 via bushings 143, drive the bevel gear shafts 144, which are directly connected to the planetary reducers 142, to rotate. This drives the bevel gears 145 that mesh with the servo motors 144, which in turn drives the vertical gear shafts 147 to rotate. The gear shafts 147 mesh with the large gear ring 146, which is mounted on the annular step surface at the bottom of the upper slide 2, thereby causing the upper slide 2 and the tray 1 to rotate together. Simultaneously, the dual servo motor transmission system 14 is synchronously controlled by a CNC system. Through electrical adjustment, the transmission gap between the gear shafts 147 and the large gear ring 146 is automatically eliminated, improving transmission accuracy and reliability.

[0069] like Figure 8 As shown, the circular grating assembly includes a fixed disk 171, an outer ring fixing flange 172, an inner ring fixing flange 173, an adjusting shim 174, and a circular grating 175. The fixed disk 171 is installed in the central circular hole of the upper slide block 2. The circular grating 175 is installed on the upper circular platform of the fixing sleeve 162 of the rotating oil circuit assembly through the outer ring fixing flange 172. The rotation shaft of the circular grating 175 is installed on the top of the fixed disk 171 through the inner ring fixing flange 173. The assembly clearance of the circular grating 175 is adjusted by the adjusting shim 174 to provide full closed-loop control for the rotational movement of the upper slide block 2.

[0070] The contents not described in detail in this specification are existing technologies known to those skilled in the art.

[0071] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-precision numerical control rotary table of exchangeable workpiece pallets, characterized in that: The system includes a tray, an upper slide, a lower slide, a tray clamping and detection mechanism, a crossed cylindrical roller slewing bearing, a rotary oil circuit assembly, and a circular grating assembly. The tray has a supporting roller mechanism, a pressure block, and a positioning sleeve mounted at its bottom, and a tow hook at its end. The upper slide has a tray guiding and clamping mechanism, a tray positioning mechanism, and a positioning block mounted at its top, and a tray stop block at its end. The lower slide has a slide clamping / releasing mechanism mounted at its top, and a dual servo motor drive system mounted at its end. The inner and outer rings of the crossed cylindrical roller slewing bearing are respectively mounted on the upper slide and the lower slide. The rotary oil circuit assembly is located at the center of the upper slide and the lower slide, supplying oil to the tray guiding and clamping mechanism. Alternatively, air can be supplied. The circular grating assembly is installed between the rotating oil circuit assemblies to provide fully closed-loop control for the rotational movement of the upper slide. The number of tray guiding and clamping mechanisms is equivalent to the number of T-slots on the bottom of the tray. Each tray guiding and clamping mechanism includes cylinder A, support block, T-shaped guide rail, hexagonal cylindrical head screw, guide rail plate, plug, roller shaft, and guide roller. The guide roller is fixed to the front end of the T-shaped guide rail via the roller shaft for guiding the movement of the tray. The T-shaped guide rail is connected to multiple cylinders A via hexagonal cylindrical head screws. The cylinders A are arranged in an array on the top of the upper slide, and their number and spacing are equal to those of the support roller mechanism. The bottom of the cylinders A is equipped with clamping, releasing, and air venting mechanisms. Each inlet is connected to a corresponding passage on the upper slide block, and an O-ring is installed at the orifice. When the clamping oil circuit of the pallet guide clamping mechanism is energized, the piston of its cylinder A can drive the T-shaped guide rail to move downward and press against the T-shaped through groove at the bottom of the pallet. At the same time, the upper surface of the support blocks installed on both sides of the piston of cylinder A is pressed against the lower surface of the bottom pressing block of the pallet, thus achieving effective clamping between the pallet and the upper slide block. When the releasing oil circuit of the pallet guide clamping mechanism is energized, the piston of its cylinder A drives the T-shaped guide rail to move upward and disengage from the T-shaped through groove at the bottom of the pallet, then contacts the driven bearing of the roller on the support roller mechanism. At the same time, the upper surface of the support block disengages from the lower surface of the bottom pressing block of the pallet, thus achieving effective clamping between the pallet and the upper slide block. The slide seat can be quickly released. The slide seat clamping / releasing mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder B, a guide pin, a T-shaped clamping rod, a set screw, and an end straight pipe connector. The hydraulic cylinder B is fixed in the top circular hole of the lower slide seat by the set screw. The guide pin on the cylinder B is matched with the pin hole on the lower slide seat to prevent the hydraulic cylinder B from rotating. When the end straight pipe connector is not connected to oil, the disc spring in the hydraulic cylinder B, which is in a compressed state, provides tension to pull down the T-shaped clamping rod and clamp the annular T-shaped groove at the bottom of the upper slide seat together with the hydraulic cylinder B. When the end straight pipe connector is connected to oil, the piston of the hydraulic cylinder B pushes the T-shaped clamping rod to move upward and disengage from the annular T-shaped groove. At this time, the upper slide seat is in a relaxed state and can drive the tray and the workpiece to rotate.

2. The high precision CNC rotary table of interchangeable workpiece pallets according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pallet has a standard T-slot on top for clamping workpieces, a T-slot on the bottom, and an arc groove near the two side edges on the bottom.

3. The high precision CNC rotary table for interchangeable workpiece pallets according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom surface of the hook is provided with a rectangular through groove, and one end of the groove is provided with an inlet chamfer for the pallet exchange mechanism to drag the workpiece pallet.

4. The high-precision CNC rotary table with interchangeable workpiece trays according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supporting roller mechanism includes a roller seat, a roller shaft, a roller driven bearing, a tapered set screw, and an annular pad. The top of the roller seat has two through slots extending through the thickness direction for installing the roller driven bearing. A circular through hole is provided on the side of the roller seat. The roller shaft passes through the circular through hole on the roller seat and the inner holes of the two roller driven bearings, assembling the roller driven bearings with the roller seat. The roller shaft is then fixed by the tapered set screw. The roller seat is fixed to the bottom of the T-shaped through slot by screws. The installation depth of the supporting roller mechanism can be adjusted by the annular pad installed on the top of the roller seat.

5. The high-precision CNC rotary table with interchangeable workpiece trays according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure block is installed on both sides of the T-shaped through groove at the bottom of the tray, and the lower surface of the pressure block is higher than the bottom surface of the tray.

6. The high-precision CNC rotary table with interchangeable workpiece trays according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning sleeve is installed on the bottom of the tray, and a circular stepped hole is provided at its center.

7. The high-precision CNC rotary table with interchangeable workpiece trays according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tray stop is installed at the center of the end of the upper slide block, extending beyond the upper slide block by a certain height.

8. The high-precision CNC rotary table with interchangeable workpiece trays according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pallet positioning mechanism is located on the top edge of the upper slide block and includes a pallet positioning block, a round steel wire cylindrical pressure spring, an end cap, a small shaft, and steel balls. When the pallet moves horizontally towards the top of the slide block on the CNC rotary worktable, its bottom two sides are supported by steel balls from both sides, thus ensuring that the pallet's movement direction will not deviate. When the pallet continues to move and its front end touches the pallet stop block, the pre-compressed round steel wire cylindrical pressure spring holds the steel balls in the arc groove position, keeping the pallet in the center position of the upper slide block. The steel balls have the same radius as the arc grooves on both sides of the bottom of the pallet.

9. The high-precision CNC rotary table with interchangeable workpiece trays according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning blocks are installed on the top of the upper slide block. The tops of the two positioning blocks are provided with protrusions, which are circular and rhomboid in shape, respectively. The outer diameter of the protrusions matches the size of the central circular hole of the positioning sleeve.

10. The high-precision CNC rotary table with interchangeable workpiece trays according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pallet clamping detection mechanism includes a mounting cylinder, a proximity switch, a limit rod, a guide sleeve, and a hexagonal head screw. The tail end of the limit rod is fixed to the bottom of the T-shaped guide rail by the hexagonal head screw. When the T-shaped guide rail moves, it can drive the limit rod to move up and down along the guide sleeve. The guide sleeve is fixed to the top of the upper slide block and is equipped with an O-ring and a dustproof ring. The mounting cylinder is fixed to both sides of the lower slide block. A proximity switch is installed on the top of the mounting cylinder. The release and clamping of the pallet can be detected by identifying the position of the frustum at the top of the limit rod.

11. The high-precision CNC rotary table with interchangeable workpiece trays according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotary hydraulic circuit assembly includes an oil inlet plate, a fixed sleeve, a rotating shaft, an oil distributor plate, and an end straight pipe connector. The oil inlet plate is fixed to the end face of the bottom center circular hole of the sliding seat by screws. Three passages for clamping, loosening, and blowing are provided at different positions around the circumference of the oil inlet plate. The fixed sleeve is fixed to the oil inlet plate by screws, and its outer diameter matches the bottom center hole diameter of the sliding seat. The oil distributor plate is fixed to the end face of the top center circular hole of the upper sliding seat. The end of the rotating shaft is fixed to the oil distributor plate, and its bottom shaft diameter passes through the center hole of the oil distributor plate and the fixed sleeve. Its outer diameter matches the hole diameter. Clamping, loosening, and blowing passages are provided at different height positions of the fixed sleeve, the rotating shaft, and the oil distributor plate and are connected. Each passage is provided with a sealing groove and a sealing ring. The hydraulic oil or compressed air entering through the clamping, loosening, and air inlets of the oil inlet plate is sent to the three inlets at the bottom of the cylinder A, respectively.

12. The high-precision CNC rotary table with interchangeable workpiece trays according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dual servo motor transmission system includes two servo motors, two planetary reducers, two bushings, two bevel gear shafts, two bevel gears, a large gear ring, and two gear shafts. When the tray, upper slide, and lower slide are all clamped, the servo motors, which are horizontally fixed on the lower slide via bushings, drive the bevel gear shafts directly connected to the planetary reducers to rotate, thereby driving the bevel gears meshing with them, and in turn driving the vertical gear shafts to rotate. The gear shafts mesh with the large gear ring installed at the bottom of the upper slide, thereby driving the upper slide and the tray to rotate together. At the same time, the dual servo motor transmission system is synchronously controlled by a CNC system, and the transmission gap between the gear shafts and the large gear ring is automatically eliminated through electrical adjustment, improving transmission accuracy and reliability.

13. The high-precision CNC rotary table with interchangeable workpiece trays according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circular grating assembly includes a fixed plate, an outer ring fixing flange, an inner ring fixing flange, an adjusting shim, and a circular grating. The fixed plate is installed in the central circular hole at the top of the upper slide block. The circular grating is installed on the upper circular platform of the rotating oil circuit assembly fixing sleeve through the outer ring fixing flange. The rotation shaft of the circular grating is installed on the top of the fixed plate through the inner ring fixing flange. The assembly gap of the circular grating is adjusted by the adjusting shim, providing full closed-loop control for the rotational movement of the upper slide block and detecting the rotational position of the upper slide block.

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