A multi-directional quick-change tool interface system

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of machine tool machining tools, and discloses a multi-direction quick-change tool interface system, which comprises the following: an electric control driving module connected with a tool interface pull rod assembly, the pull rod assembly being connected with a T-shaped hole of a tool handle; a signal acquisition module for collecting original signals in a tool changing process; a signal processing module connected with the signal acquisition module, which gradually processes the original signals, including feature extraction, fusion, prediction analysis, window detection and health index construction, and state information including a health index and detection results; and a pre-warning control module connected with the signal processing module, which is connected with the signal processing module and outputs a first pre-warning, a second pre-warning and a maintenance pre-warning based on state information grading, so that real-time monitoring, stability prediction and grading pre-warning of a clamping state of the tool interface are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tool interface technology, and more specifically, to a multi-directional quick-change tool interface system. Background Technology

[0002] Quick-change tool interfaces, as crucial components in CNC machine tools for rapid tool changing, are widely used in automotive parts processing, aerospace parts manufacturing, and precision mold machining. Existing quick-change tool interfaces typically rely on mechanical clamping structures to clamp and remove tools, shortening tool change time and improving machine tool efficiency. However, in actual use, the clamping state of the tool interface is easily affected by various factors, such as slight deviations in clamping stroke, insufficient locking force, and wear or contamination of the contact surface between the tool holder and the interface. Unstable clamping can lead to tool vibration, machining errors, or even tool slippage during high-speed cutting, causing equipment damage or safety accidents.

[0003] Existing tool interfaces cannot fully reflect the stability of the clamping process. Furthermore, most existing tool interfaces lack reliable early warning mechanisms, typically relying on manual inspection and operational experience, resulting in issues of delayed detection and untimely maintenance.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to design a multi-directional quick-change tool interface system to solve the problems existing in the current technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention proposes a multi-directional quick-change tool interface system, which aims to solve the problems of unstable clamping and delayed early warning caused by mechanical clamping deviation, wear or contamination in existing tool interfaces.

[0006] In one aspect, the present invention proposes a multi-directional quick-change tool interface system, comprising: An electronically controlled drive module is configured to be connected to a pull rod assembly of the tool interface, the pull rod assembly being connected to a T-hole provided in the tool holder; The signal acquisition module is configured to acquire raw signals during the tool changing process, including: displacement signals acquired by the displacement sensor, pressure signals acquired by the pressure sensor, and contact signals acquired by the contact sensor. A signal processing module, configured to be connected to a signal acquisition module, performs stepwise processing on the original signal. This stepwise processing includes: decomposing the original signal into long-term trend features and short-term abrupt change features using a feature extraction unit; fusing the long-term trend features, short-term abrupt change features, and the original signal using a fusion unit to generate an interface state estimate; predicting the stability of several future tool change cycles using a prediction analysis unit based on the interface state estimate and the long-term trend features, and outputting the prediction result; verifying the consistency between the interface state estimate and the prediction result using a window detection unit, and outputting the detection result; and normalizing the interface state estimate, adjusting the trend amplification coefficient of the prediction result, and correcting the consistency of the detection result using a health index construction unit, and then generating an interface health index using a weighted fusion method. The interface health index and the detection results together constitute the status information. The early warning control module is configured to be connected to the signal processing module. The early warning control module is configured to output early warnings in a hierarchical manner based on the status information. The hierarchical output of early warnings includes a first-level early warning, a second-level early warning, and a maintenance early warning.

[0007] Furthermore, when processing the original signal, the feature extraction unit includes: forming a time series of displacement signal, pressure signal and contact signal according to the same time interval, and dividing the components below a preset time threshold into low-frequency components and components above a preset time threshold into high-frequency components by frequency domain division, defining the time domain sequence corresponding to the low-frequency components as long-term trend features, and defining the time domain sequence corresponding to the high-frequency components as short-term abrupt change features.

[0008] Furthermore, the method for determining the preset time threshold includes: Set the action time constant according to the duration range of the tool change action; Compare the action time constant with the sensor sampling interval; The boundary value is selected as the preset time threshold for long-term trend characteristics and short-term mutation characteristics.

[0009] Furthermore, when generating the interface state estimate, the fusion unit includes: Long-term trend characteristics and short-term mutation characteristics are arranged according to the same time series; At the same time point, the displacement signal value and the pressure signal value are paired as a set of data, and the synchronicity of the changes in the displacement signal value and the pressure signal value is compared. The synchronicity of the changes refers to whether the displacement signal value and the pressure signal value change synchronously. Compare the endpoint positions of the contact signal and the displacement signal; After completing the corresponding arrangement, pairing and comparison, the long-term trend characteristics, short-term mutation characteristics and the three types of original signals are combined in sequence to form the interface state estimate.

[0010] Furthermore, when outputting prediction results, the prediction analysis unit includes: Using the interface state estimate as a benchmark, the data sequence is extended into several cycles according to the time order of the tool change cycle. At each cycle node, the long-term trend characteristics are compared with the benchmark to obtain the deviation direction of the displacement signal and pressure signal; The comparison results of each cycle node are arranged sequentially to form the displacement change sequence and locking force change sequence for several future tool change cycles, and the result is output as a prediction.

[0011] Furthermore, the method for dividing the cyclic nodes includes: At the start of each tool change action, the initial position is taken as the starting point when the displacement signal reaches the initial position; The end point is when the pressure signal enters the stable phase at the end of each locking action; The signal segment between the start point and the end point is marked as a tool change cycle, and tool change cycle nodes are obtained at the start point and the end point respectively.

[0012] Furthermore, when outputting the detection result, the window detection unit includes: The interface state estimates and prediction results are arranged in chronological order and divided into several continuous windows with a preset time length. Within each window, compare the range of difference between the interface state estimate and the prediction result, and mark the fluctuation amplitude; If differences exceed the limit in three or more adjacent windows, the detection result is determined to be a persistent fault, and the detection result is output.

[0013] Furthermore, the health index construction unit, when generating the interface health index, includes: The interface state estimate is normalized to obtain the state value; A trend amplification factor is introduced to adjust the forecast results, resulting in a forecast value with enhanced trend. A consistency correction factor is introduced to adjust the test results, resulting in corrected test values; The state value, predicted value, and detected value are weighted and fused according to a preset ratio to generate an interface health index, which is then divided into a first-level warning and a second-level warning.

[0014] Furthermore, the early warning control module includes the following when outputting early warnings in a tiered manner: When a Level 1 warning is triggered, a second tightening is performed, and the original signal is collected again for processing after the second tightening. When a level 2 warning is triggered, an alarm signal is activated, and the interface status estimate, prediction result, and detection result are recorded as abnormal data. When a Level 1 warning is triggered several times in a row, the detection result is determined to be a persistent fault. At this time, a maintenance warning is triggered, maintenance prompt information is generated, and the interface status estimate, prediction result and historical data of the detection result are synchronized to the machine tool control terminal.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: by introducing an electronically controlled drive module and a multi-source signal acquisition module on the basis of the traditional mechanical locking structure, the tool interface can be monitored and intelligently managed throughout the clamping process. The electronically controlled drive module ensures the accuracy and response speed of the action between the tie rod assembly and the T-hole of the tool holder during clamping and unclamping. The signal acquisition module synchronously collects the displacement signal output by the displacement sensor, the pressure signal output by the pressure sensor, and the contact signal output by the contact sensor, so that the clamping status of the tool interface can be comprehensively reflected from three dimensions: stroke accuracy, clamping force, and fit. The signal processing module performs feature extraction, fusion analysis, trend prediction, time window detection, and health index construction on the raw signals in sequence, transforming complex multi-source signals into quantifiable interface status information. The early warning control module then outputs first-level, second-level, and maintenance early warnings based on the status information composed of the interface health index and the detection results. This allows the system to automatically perform secondary adjustments when there are slight fluctuations in the clamping status, to promptly alarm with audible and visual signals when serious abnormalities occur, and to trigger maintenance prompts and synchronize historical data when persistent abnormalities occur, thus forming a closed-loop control link from signal acquisition and status analysis to hierarchical early warning. Therefore, the multi-directional quick-change tool interface system of this application can not only significantly reduce the risk of vibration, tool loosening and machining error caused by poor clamping of the tool interface, but also realize real-time diagnosis and preventive maintenance of the tool interface, thereby improving the safety, stability and production efficiency of CNC machine tools under complex working conditions.

[0016] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a multi-directional quick-change tool interface, wherein the multi-directional quick-change tool interface system described above includes: The connecting base is equipped with a tool base and a pull rod assembly; The tool base is disposed at one end of the connecting base. The tool base is provided with a groove, a control switch, a receiving base and a contact sensor. The receiving base is disposed in the groove. The contact sensor and the control switch are embedded in the side wall of the tool base. The pull rod assembly passes through the connecting base and the tool base. The receiving base is equipped with a base adjustment switch and a displacement sensor; The pull rod assembly includes a locking pawl and a drive rod. The locking pawl is connected to one end of the drive rod. The drive rod is disposed inside the connecting base and the cutter base. A pressure sensor is disposed on the side wall of the locking pawl. The locking pawl is disposed in the groove. The tool holder is provided with a T-shaped hole for connecting to the locking claw.

[0017] It is understandable that the aforementioned multi-directional quick-change tool interface system has the same beneficial effects, which will not be elaborated upon here. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings: Figure 1 A flowchart of the multi-directional quick-change tool interface system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a functional framework diagram of the multi-directional quick-change tool interface system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A functional framework diagram of the step-by-step processing procedure provided in the embodiments of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the multi-directional quick-change tool interface provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] In the diagram: 10, connecting base; 20, tool base; 201, groove; 202, control switch; 203, contact sensor; 30, receiving base; 301, base adjustment switch; 302, displacement sensor; 40, drive rod; 401, locking claw; 402, pressure sensor; 50, tool holder; 501, T-hole. Detailed Implementation

[0020] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0021] In some embodiments of this application, see Figure 1-3 As shown, a multi-directional quick-change tool interface system includes: The electronically controlled drive module is configured to connect to the lever assembly of the tool interface, and the lever assembly is connected to the T-hole provided in the tool holder; The signal acquisition module is configured to acquire raw signals during the tool change process. The raw signals include: displacement signals acquired by the displacement sensor, pressure signals acquired by the pressure sensor, and contact signals acquired by the contact sensor. The signal processing module is configured to connect to the signal acquisition module and process the raw signal step by step. The step-by-step processing includes: decomposing the raw signal into long-term trend features and short-term abrupt change features through a feature extraction unit; fusing the long-term trend features and short-term abrupt change features with the raw signal through a fusion unit to generate an interface state estimate; predicting the stability of several tool change cycles in the future through a prediction analysis unit based on the interface state estimate and long-term trend features, and outputting the prediction result; verifying the consistency between the interface state estimate and the prediction result through a window detection unit, and outputting the detection result; and normalizing the interface state estimate, adjusting the trend amplification coefficient of the prediction result, and correcting the consistency of the detection result through a health index construction unit, and then generating an interface health index through a weighted fusion method. Among them, the interface health index and the detection results together constitute the status information; The early warning control module is configured to be connected to the signal processing module. The early warning control module is configured to output early warnings in a hierarchical manner based on status information. The hierarchical output of early warnings includes first-level early warning, second-level early warning, and maintenance early warning.

[0022] Specifically, in the operation of the multi-directional quick-change tool interface system of this application, the electronically controlled drive module is connected to the tie rod assembly. When a control command is received, the tie rod assembly is driven to move axially and engage with the T-hole on the tool holder. During the pulling process, a compression state is gradually formed, so that the tool holder and the tie rod assembly are in a state of force compression, achieving stable clamping. When the drive module reverses its action, the compression state is released, and the tool holder can be released, thereby completing the quick tool change. During this process, the signal acquisition module continuously collects raw signals. The displacement signal output by the displacement sensor is used to reflect the stroke change of the tie rod assembly, the pressure signal output by the pressure sensor is used to reflect the force situation during the locking process, and the contact signal output by the contact sensor is used to reflect the contact state between the tool holder and the interface. The three types of sensors work synchronously to ensure data consistency. After receiving the raw signals, the signal processing module completes the processing flow sequentially. First, the feature extraction unit decomposes the raw signals into long-term trend signals. The interface status is estimated by using potential characteristics and short-term abrupt change characteristics to distinguish between slow degradation and instantaneous fluctuations. Then, the fusion unit arranges these characteristics with the original signals under a unified time reference and performs pairing comparison to generate interface status estimates. Subsequently, the prediction and analysis unit predicts the stability of several future tool change cycles based on the interface status estimates and long-term trend characteristics and outputs the prediction results. The window detection unit then verifies the correspondence between the interface status estimates and the prediction results to output the detection results. The health index construction unit normalizes the interface status estimates, performs trend adjustment on the prediction results, corrects the detection results, and generates the interface health index through weighted fusion. Finally, the interface health index and the detection results together constitute the status information input to the early warning control module. The early warning control module outputs hierarchical information based on the status information, including first-level early warning, second-level early warning, and maintenance early warning, thereby realizing real-time monitoring and risk warning of the interface operation status.

[0023] Understandably, by using an electronically controlled drive module to automatically clamp and release the tool interface, eliminating reliance on a single mechanical elastic locking method, clamping actions can be executed under control commands, improving tool changing efficiency and clamping reliability. The signal acquisition module simultaneously collects displacement, pressure, and contact signals, comprehensively reflecting the clamping status from three dimensions: stroke, force, and fit, avoiding misjudgments caused by relying on a single parameter in existing technologies. The signal processing module sequentially performs feature extraction, fusion, predictive analysis, window detection, and health index construction, simultaneously identifying slow degradation and instantaneous disturbances during the tool changing cycle, and summarizing analysis results from different sources into an interface health index, thereby achieving continuous monitoring and trend prediction of the interface status. Finally, the early warning control module converts the health index and detection results into graded early warning signals, allowing operators to be alerted at the early stages of clamping anomalies and to perform maintenance before serious failures occur, improving the operational safety of the tool interface and the stability of machine tool processing.

[0024] In some embodiments of this application, the feature extraction unit, when processing the original signal, includes: forming a time series of displacement signal, pressure signal and contact signal at the same time interval, and dividing the components below a preset time threshold into low-frequency components and components above a preset time threshold into high-frequency components by frequency domain division, defining the time domain sequence corresponding to the low-frequency components as long-term trend features, and defining the time domain sequence corresponding to the high-frequency components as short-term abrupt change features.

[0025] Understandably, after receiving displacement, pressure, and contact signals, the feature extraction unit first records each signal at a uniform sampling interval, enabling different physical quantities to establish a correspondence on the same time axis and form continuous time-series data. Subsequently, the feature extraction unit performs frequency domain analysis on this time series, extracting the components with concentrated energy in the low-frequency region of the spectrum as the low-frequency part, which reflects the gradual changes in rod displacement, interface force, and contact state over time; and extracting the components with concentrated energy in the high-frequency region of the spectrum as the high-frequency part, which corresponds to instantaneous impacts, rapid jitter, or local anomalies that may occur during tool changing. Finally, the feature extraction unit defines the reconstructed sequence of the low-frequency part in the time domain as a long-term trend feature, used to describe the cumulative changes in the interface over multiple cycles; and defines the reconstructed sequence of the high-frequency part in the time domain as a short-term abrupt change feature, used to capture sudden anomalies or instantaneous fluctuations that occur during clamping. This decomposition method ensures the uniformity of the three types of sensor signals while providing multi-layered information input that includes both long-term stability and instantaneous anomalies for subsequent data fusion and predictive analysis.

[0026] In some embodiments of this application, the preset time threshold is determined by means of: Set the action time constant according to the duration range of the tool change action; Compare the action time constant with the sensor sampling interval; The boundary value is selected as the preset time threshold for long-term trend characteristics and short-term mutation characteristics.

[0027] Specifically, when determining the preset time threshold, firstly, based on the duration of a single tool change action from the start of the lever movement to the completion of locking, an action time constant representing the overall duration of the action is set. This time constant reflects the complete changes in displacement, force, and contact state during the tool change process. Subsequently, this action time constant is compared with the sensor sampling interval. The action time constant is used to represent a slow change process, while the sensor sampling interval is used to represent an instantaneous fluctuation process. The ratio of the two determines the distinguishing criterion. When the change period of the signal is greater than the duration corresponding to the ratio, it is classified as a slow trend; when the change period of the signal is less than the duration corresponding to the ratio, it is classified as a rapid change. Thus, the duration corresponding to the ratio is determined as the dividing point and used as the preset time threshold to ensure that signals above the threshold reflect long-term trend characteristics, while signals below the threshold reflect short-term abrupt change characteristics, thereby providing clear parameter basis for the signal decomposition of the feature extraction unit.

[0028] In some embodiments of this application, the fusion unit, when generating interface state estimates, includes: Long-term trend characteristics and short-term mutation characteristics are arranged according to the same time series; At the same time point, the displacement signal value and the pressure signal value are paired as a set of data, and the synchronicity of the changes in the displacement signal value and the pressure signal value is compared. The synchronicity of the changes refers to whether the displacement signal value and the pressure signal value change synchronously. Compare the endpoint positions of the contact signal and the displacement signal; After completing the corresponding arrangement, pairing and comparison, the long-term trend characteristics, short-term mutation characteristics and the three types of original signals are combined in sequence to form the interface state estimate.

[0029] Specifically, when generating interface state estimates, the fusion unit first uses the same time series as a benchmark to arrange long-term trend features and short-term abrupt change features in a corresponding manner, ensuring that the two types of features remain consistent on the time axis. This allows the unit to reflect the superposition of slow changes and instantaneous fluctuations at the same moment. Subsequently, at each identical time point, the displacement signal value and pressure signal value are combined into a set of data. By comparing the synchronicity of their changes, the unit determines whether there is a deviation or incoordination between the lever stroke and the locking force. Based on this, the fusion unit further compares the endpoint positions of the contact signal and the displacement signal to verify whether the tool holder achieves the expected fit and positioning state when entering the interface end. After completing the above corresponding arrangement, pairing comparison, and endpoint verification, the fusion unit sequentially combines the long-term trend features, short-term abrupt change features, and the three types of original signals (displacement, pressure, and contact) to obtain an interface state estimate that comprehensively reflects the interface's operating state. The interface state estimate includes information on both slow-changing trends and instantaneous disturbances, and incorporates the interrelationships between different physical quantities, providing unified and complete basic data for subsequent predictive analysis and detection.

[0030] In some embodiments of this application, the prediction analysis unit, when outputting prediction results, includes: Using the interface state estimate as a benchmark, the data sequence is extended into several cycles according to the time order of the tool change cycle. At each cycle node, the long-term trend characteristics are compared with the benchmark to obtain the deviation direction of the displacement signal and pressure signal; The comparison results of each cycle node are arranged sequentially to form the displacement change sequence and locking force change sequence for several future tool change cycles, and the result is output as a prediction.

[0031] Specifically, when outputting prediction results, the predictive analysis unit first uses the interface state estimate as a reference benchmark. It then extends the interface state estimate according to the time sequence of the tool change cycle, constructing a data sequence covering several future cycles, allowing each cycle node to be compared under a unified benchmark. At each cycle node, the predictive analysis unit compares the long-term trend characteristics with the benchmark state. By comparing the changing trends of the displacement signal and the pressure signal, it determines whether there is a gradual deviation in the tie rod stroke and whether the locking force weakens or exhibits an abnormal trend. After obtaining the deviation results for each cycle node, these comparison results are arranged sequentially in time to form a continuous prediction trajectory, specifically including the sequence of displacement changes and the sequence of locking force changes in several future tool change cycles. Finally, the predictive analysis unit outputs this continuous trajectory as the prediction result, providing reference trend data for subsequent detection and health index construction.

[0032] In some embodiments of this application, the methods for dividing cyclic nodes include: At the start of each tool change action, the initial position is taken as the starting point when the displacement signal reaches the initial position; The end point is when the pressure signal enters the stable phase at the end of each locking action; The signal segment between the start and end points is marked as a tool change cycle, and tool change cycle nodes are obtained at the start and end points respectively.

[0033] Specifically, the division of cycle nodes is achieved by referencing the key processes of the tool changing action: when the electronically controlled drive module starts to drive the lever assembly, the displacement signal gradually increases. When the displacement signal reaches the preset initial position, this time point is marked as the starting point of the tool changing cycle; as the action continues, the pressure signal gradually rises. When it enters the relatively stable locking section, this time point is marked as the ending point of the tool changing cycle; the signal segment between the starting point and the ending point is considered as a complete tool changing cycle process, thus clearly distinguishing the boundaries of each cycle in the signal sequence and forming tool changing cycle nodes at the starting and ending positions respectively. These nodes provide standardized segmentation references for predictive analysis and provide time alignment basis for subsequent detection and health index construction.

[0034] In some embodiments of this application, the window detection unit, when outputting the detection result, includes: The interface state estimates and prediction results are arranged in chronological order and divided into several continuous windows with a preset time length. Within each window, compare the range of difference between the interface state estimate and the prediction result, and mark the fluctuation amplitude; If differences exceed the limit in three or more adjacent windows, the detection result is determined to be a persistent fault, and the detection result is output.

[0035] Specifically, when generating detection results, the window detection unit first arranges the interface state estimate and prediction results sequentially according to time, ensuring they correspond on the same time axis. Then, based on the overall duration of the tool change action, it divides this duration into several relatively fixed time periods, using one of these periods as a benchmark to preset the window length. This ensures that each window covers the critical stage of a tool change action, guaranteeing consistency between the comparison process and the actual process. After forming multiple consecutive windows, the window detection unit compares the differences between the interface state estimate and prediction results within each window and compares these differences with an allowable deviation threshold. The allowable deviation threshold is determined by: collecting multiple batches of displacement, pressure, and contact signals under long-term normal interface operation conditions, calculating the difference sequence between the estimate and prediction results within each window, and obtaining the mean and fluctuation amplitude of the differences. Based on this, the tolerance range of locking force and fit is corrected according to process requirements, and the mean plus several times the fluctuation amplitude is selected as the allowable deviation threshold. This ensures that it can cover natural fluctuations under normal operating conditions while also reacting sensitively to significant deviations. If the difference within a certain window exceeds the allowable deviation threshold, the window is marked as abnormal and the fluctuation range is recorded. When three or more consecutive windows are marked as abnormal, the window detection unit recognizes this continuous deviation as persistent fault information and outputs the detection result, which serves as the input basis for subsequent health index construction and early warning control.

[0036] In some embodiments of this application, the health index construction unit, when generating the interface health index, includes: The interface state estimate is normalized to obtain the state value; A trend amplification factor is introduced to adjust the forecast results, resulting in a forecast value with enhanced trend. A consistency correction factor is introduced to adjust the test results, resulting in corrected test values; The status value, predicted value, and detected value are weighted and merged according to a preset ratio to generate an interface health index, which is then divided into a first-level warning and a second-level warning.

[0037] Specifically, when generating the interface health index, the health index construction unit first normalizes the interface state estimate, unifying the numerical ranges of displacement, pressure, and contact signals into the same standard interval to eliminate differences caused by different units and obtain directly comparable state values. Then, a trend amplification coefficient is introduced based on the prediction results. This coefficient amplifies the prediction values ​​according to the magnitude of the long-term offset, highlighting potential degradation trends and resulting in enhanced prediction values. Simultaneously, a consistency correction factor is introduced into the detection results. This factor is set based on whether the detection results within adjacent windows are continuous and consistent. If a detection result appears repeatedly in multiple windows, its reliability is increased; if it appears only occasionally in a single window, its weight is reduced, thus obtaining the corrected detection value. After completing the above processing, the health index construction unit fuses the status values, trend-enhanced predicted values, and corrected detection values ​​according to a preset ratio. This preset ratio refers to the weight of each type of value in the overall fusion. This weight is set based on the importance of each signal in the interface stability judgment. For example, the pressure signal has the highest correlation with locking reliability, so its corresponding value has the largest weight; the displacement signal is next; and the contact signal is mainly used for fit verification, so its weight is smaller. Simultaneously, this ratio also refers to the distribution of multiple batches of data collected during historical operation and is corrected in conjunction with the allowable fluctuation range of locking force and clamping accuracy in the process, thus forming a reasonable weight setting method. Finally, the fused result is output as the interface health index and further divided into different numerical intervals. A numerical interval refers to segmenting the continuous numerical range of the health index according to different operating states: the portion within the historical normal fluctuation range is defined as the safe interval, indicating stable interface operation; when approaching the allowable lower limit of locking force or displacement accuracy, it is defined as the warning interval, indicating potential risks; and when exceeding the above allowable range, it is defined as the danger interval, triggering a high-level warning. By combining this weighting and interval division, the interface health index can accurately reflect the overall state of multi-source signals and provide a clear and hierarchical input basis for the early warning and control module.

[0038] In some embodiments of this application, the early warning control module includes the following when outputting early warnings in a tiered manner: When a Level 1 warning is triggered, a second tightening is performed, and the original signal is collected and processed again after the second tightening. When a level 2 warning is triggered, an alarm signal is activated, and the interface status estimate, prediction result, and detection result are recorded as abnormal data. When a Level 1 warning is triggered several times in a row, the detection result is determined to be a persistent fault. At this time, a maintenance warning is triggered, maintenance prompt information is generated, and the interface status estimate, prediction result and historical data of the detection result are synchronized to the machine tool control terminal.

[0039] Specifically, when the early warning control module outputs warnings in a tiered manner, it triggers different processing flows based on the status information constituted by the interface health index and detection results: When a level one warning is triggered, the system determines that the interface may have a slight clamping abnormality. At this time, the early warning control module will immediately issue an instruction to the electronic control drive module to perform a first and second tightening operation to further enhance the clamping force between the pull rod assembly and the tool holder T-hole. After the second tightening is completed, the displacement signal, pressure signal, and contact signal are re-acquired, and the newly acquired signals are sent to the signal processing module for further processing to verify whether the abnormality has been eliminated; when a level two warning is triggered, the system determines that the interface has a significant abnormality, and the early warning control module... The block will trigger an alarm signal to provide an alert, and will automatically record the estimated value, prediction result, and detection result of the current interface status as abnormal data for subsequent tracing and analysis. When a Level 1 warning is triggered in several consecutive tool change cycles, the system determines that the interface abnormality shows a continuous trend. At this time, the warning control module will trigger a maintenance warning and generate maintenance prompts to remind operators to inspect or replace the interface. At the same time, relevant historical data will be synchronized to the machine tool control terminal so as to form a maintenance file in the equipment management system, realizing long-term retention and tracking of abnormal operation. The triggering conditions for maintenance warnings can be set by the user, for example, triggering a maintenance warning when the number of consecutive Level 1 warnings is ≥3.

[0040] Understandably, when a Level 1 warning is triggered, the system performs a secondary tightening and re-acquisition of signals to immediately correct and verify minor anomalies, avoiding unnecessary downtime due to occasional fluctuations. When a Level 2 warning is triggered, the alarm information provides immediate alerts to operators, and relevant data is recorded as anomaly information, ensuring accurate tracing of abnormal states. When a Level 1 warning is triggered multiple times consecutively, the system escalates to a maintenance warning, generating maintenance prompts and synchronizing historical data to the machine tool control terminal. This allows the interface's operational status to be incorporated into the equipment management system, enabling long-term monitoring and preventative maintenance. Through this tiered warning mechanism, the system possesses self-recovery capabilities for minor anomalies, immediate alarm capabilities for severe anomalies, and maintenance prompts and data tracing capabilities for persistent anomalies, thereby improving the safety, stability, and maintainability of the tool interface in practical applications.

[0041] In another preferred embodiment based on the above embodiments, see [reference] Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment provides a tool interface that applies the above-described multi-directional quick-change tool interface system, including: The connecting base 10 is equipped with a tool base 20 and a pull rod assembly; The tool base 20 is located at one end of the connecting base 10. The tool base 20 is provided with a groove 201, a control switch 202, a receiving base 30 and a contact sensor 203. The receiving base 30 is located in the groove 201. The contact sensor 203 and the control switch 202 are embedded in the side wall of the tool base 20. The pull rod assembly passes through the connecting base 10 and the tool base 20. The base 30 is equipped with a base adjustment switch 301 and a displacement sensor 302; The pull rod assembly includes a locking claw 401 and a drive rod 40. The locking claw 401 is connected to one end of the drive rod 40. The drive rod 40 is located inside the connecting base 10 and the tool base 20. A pressure sensor 402 is provided on the side wall of the locking claw 401. The locking claw 401 is located in the groove 201. The tool holder 50 is provided with a T-shaped hole 501 for connecting with the locking claw 401.

[0042] Specifically, the tool interface is structurally based on a connecting base 10, with a tool base 20 fixed to one end of the connecting base 10. The tool base 20 has a groove 201 inside, and a receiving base 30 is set within the groove 201 to support the positioning of the tool holder 50 during insertion. A contact sensor 203 and a control switch 202 are embedded in the side wall of the tool base 20. The contact sensor 203 is used to collect real-time data on the contact state between the tool holder 50 and the tool base 20, while the control switch 202 assists in controlling the clamping action. The receiving base 30 is equipped with a base adjustment switch 301 and a displacement sensor 302. The base adjustment switch 301 allows for fine-tuning of the receiving position for different tool holder 50 specifications, and the displacement sensor 302 detects the travel displacement of the pull rod assembly during clamping. The pull rod assembly consists of a drive rod 40 and a locking jaw 401, with the drive rod 40 passing through and connecting the base 10 and... Inside the tool holder 20, its end is connected to the locking claw 401. When the drive rod 40 moves inward under the action of the electronically controlled drive module, the locking claw 401 forms radial compression with the T-shaped hole 501 and also with the side wall of the groove 201, thereby achieving reliable locking of the tool holder 50. When the drive rod 40 moves outward, the locking claw 401 gradually exits the T-shaped hole 501, the tool holder 50 is released, and the tool is released. A pressure sensor 402 is provided on the side wall of the locking claw 401 to detect the magnitude of the locking force during the clamping process, so as to ensure that the clamping strength meets the process requirements. The T-shaped hole 501 on the tool holder 50 and the locking claw 401 cooperate with each other. Combined with the detection results of the displacement sensor 302, pressure sensor 402 and contact sensor 203, the clamping status can be monitored in real time, and relevant signals can be fed back to the multi-directional quick-change tool interface system to achieve dynamic monitoring and safety control of the clamping process.

[0043] It is understandable that the tool interface, by setting up multiple mating relationships between the connecting base 10, the tool base 20, and the pull rod assembly, ensures that the tool holder 50 is locked not only by the radial compression between the locking claw 401 and the T-hole 501 during the clamping process, but also by the support of the receiving base 30 and the restriction of the side wall of the groove 201. This provides stable constraint in both the axial and radial directions. The axial constraint is mainly provided by the receiving base 30, ensuring that the tool holder 50 will not loosen or move along the axial direction after clamping. The radial constraint is achieved by the compression fit between the locking claw 401 and the T-hole 501 and the side wall of the groove 201, thus forming a reliable clamping effect. Meanwhile, the displacement sensor 302, pressure sensor 402, and contact sensor 203 form complementary detection during clamping: the displacement sensor 302 reflects whether the travel of the drive rod 40 and the locking claw 401 is complete; the pressure sensor 402 reflects the clamping strength between the locking claw 401 and the T-hole 501; and the contact sensor 203 senses the degree of contact between the tool holder 50 and the tool base 20 in real time. These three types of information corroborate each other, enabling identification and early warning in the early stages of clamping abnormalities. By feeding back the above sensor information to the multi-directional quick-change tool interface system in real time, the system can automatically determine the health status of the tool interface without manual inspection. This improves the timeliness of detection and provides a reliable data foundation for subsequent predictive analysis and early warning control, thereby significantly improving the safety and stability of the quick-change tool interface under complex working conditions.

[0044] Understandably, the operation of the tool interface is as follows: When the tool holder 50 is inserted into the tool base 20, the T-shaped hole 501 on the tool holder 50 aligns with the locking claw 401. The end of the tool holder 50 is first axially positioned by the receiving base 30 to ensure that the tool holder 50 remains stable in the longitudinal direction. When the electronically controlled drive module drives the drive rod 40 to move inward, the locking claw 401 engages with the inner wall of the T-shaped hole 501. Subsequently, under the continuous movement of the drive rod 40, the locking claw 401 and the T-shaped hole 501... The sidewall generates radial compression and simultaneously restricts the movement of the groove 201, thus reliably locking the tool holder 50. During the locking process, the displacement sensor 302 detects whether the stroke of the drive rod 40 reaches the set range, the pressure sensor 402 monitors whether the clamping force between the locking claw 401 and the T-hole 501 meets the requirements, and the contact sensor 203 detects the contact state between the tool holder 50 and the tool base 20. These three types of signals are synchronously transmitted to the system for comparison and analysis. When it is necessary to release the tool holder 50, the electronically controlled drive module drives the drive rod 40 to move outward, the locking claw 401 gradually exits the T-hole 501, the receiving base 30 releases its axial support on the tool holder 50, and the tool holder 50 can be released, thus completing the tool replacement. Throughout the entire operation, the insertion and positioning of the tool holder 50, the locking engagement, the clamping monitoring, and the release are all performed sequentially, and the safety and controllability of the clamping and releasing process are ensured through multi-sensor collaborative detection.

[0045] It is important to understand that during a tool change operation, the tool holder 50 first inserts into the locking jaw 401, and is axially positioned by the receiving base 30, ensuring the tool holder 50 is fixed in the longitudinal direction. The electronically controlled drive module then moves the pull rod assembly inward, causing the locking jaw 401 to insert into the T-hole 501 of the tool holder 50 and form a clamping fit. Simultaneously, it is constrained by the sidewall of the groove 201, thus clamping the tool holder 50 in the radial direction. At this time, the displacement sensor 302 collects the real-time displacement of the drive rod 40, the pressure sensor 402 collects the clamping force of the locking jaw 401, and the contact sensor 203 collects the contact state between the tool holder 50 and the tool base 20. These three types of raw signals are transmitted to the data processing module, where they undergo frequency domain division by the feature extraction unit, signal correspondence arrangement and pairing analysis by the fusion unit, multi-cycle extension comparison by the predictive analysis unit, and time window consistency verification by the window detection unit. Finally, they are fused into an interface health index in the health index construction unit. If the interface health index is within the normal range, the system continues to operate; if it enters the first-level warning range, the system triggers a second tightening and re-acquires signals for confirmation; if it enters the second-level warning range, the system triggers an audible and visual alarm and records abnormal data; if it enters the first-level warning range multiple times consecutively, a maintenance warning is triggered and historical data is synchronized to the machine tool control terminal. This operational process demonstrates that the system of this application achieves a complete closed loop of data acquisition, processing, prediction, detection, and early warning within a single tool change cycle, avoiding the lag and uncertainty caused by traditional interfaces relying on manual inspection.

[0046] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program goods. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program goods embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0047] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program goods according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart... Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0048] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0049] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0050] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-directional quick-change tool interface system, characterized in that, include: An electronically controlled drive module is configured to be connected to a pull rod assembly of the tool interface, the pull rod assembly being connected to a T-hole provided in the tool holder; The signal acquisition module is configured to acquire raw signals during the tool changing process, including: displacement signals acquired by the displacement sensor, pressure signals acquired by the pressure sensor, and contact signals acquired by the contact sensor. A signal processing module, configured to be connected to a signal acquisition module, performs stepwise processing on the original signal. This stepwise processing includes: decomposing the original signal into long-term trend features and short-term abrupt change features using a feature extraction unit; fusing the long-term trend features, short-term abrupt change features, and the original signal using a fusion unit to generate an interface state estimate; predicting the stability of several future tool change cycles using a prediction analysis unit based on the interface state estimate and the long-term trend features, and outputting the prediction result; verifying the consistency between the interface state estimate and the prediction result using a window detection unit, and outputting the detection result; and normalizing the interface state estimate, adjusting the trend amplification coefficient of the prediction result, and correcting the consistency of the detection result using a health index construction unit, and then generating an interface health index using a weighted fusion method. The interface health index and the detection results together constitute the status information; The early warning control module is configured to be connected to the signal processing module. The early warning control module is configured to output early warnings in a hierarchical manner based on the status information. The hierarchical output of early warnings includes a first-level early warning, a second-level early warning, and a maintenance early warning.

2. The multi-directional quick-change tool interface system according to claim 1, characterized in that, When processing the original signal, the feature extraction unit includes: forming a time series of displacement signal, pressure signal and contact signal according to the same time interval, and dividing the components below the preset time threshold into low-frequency components and components above the preset time threshold into high-frequency components by frequency domain division, defining the time domain sequence corresponding to the low-frequency components as long-term trend features, and defining the time domain sequence corresponding to the high-frequency components as short-term mutation features.

3. The multi-directional quick-change tool interface system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The methods for determining the preset time threshold include: Set the action time constant according to the duration range of the tool change action; Compare the action time constant with the sensor sampling interval; The boundary value is selected as the preset time threshold for long-term trend characteristics and short-term mutation characteristics.

4. The multi-directional quick-change tool interface system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The fusion unit, when generating interface state estimates, includes: Long-term trend characteristics and short-term mutation characteristics are arranged according to the same time series; At the same time point, the displacement signal value and the pressure signal value are paired as a set of data, and the synchronicity of the changes in the displacement signal value and the pressure signal value is compared. The synchronicity of the changes refers to whether the displacement signal value and the pressure signal value change synchronously. Compare the endpoint positions of the contact signal and the displacement signal; After completing the corresponding arrangement, pairing and comparison, the long-term trend characteristics, short-term mutation characteristics and the three types of original signals are combined in sequence to form the interface state estimate.

5. The multi-directional quick-change tool interface system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The predictive analysis unit, when outputting prediction results, includes: Using the interface state estimate as a benchmark, the data sequence is extended into several cycles according to the time order of the tool change cycle. At each cycle node, the long-term trend characteristics are compared with the benchmark to obtain the deviation direction of the displacement signal and pressure signal; The comparison results of each cycle node are arranged sequentially to form the displacement change sequence and locking force change sequence for several future tool change cycles, and the result is output as a prediction.

6. The multi-directional quick-change tool interface system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The methods for dividing the cyclic nodes include: At the start of each tool change action, the initial position is taken as the starting point when the displacement signal reaches the initial position; The end point is when the pressure signal enters the stable phase at the end of each locking action; The signal segment between the start point and the end point is marked as a tool change cycle, and tool change cycle nodes are obtained at the start point and the end point respectively.

7. The multi-directional quick-change tool interface system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The window detection unit, when outputting the detection result, includes: The interface state estimates and prediction results are arranged in chronological order and divided into several continuous windows with a preset time length. Within each window, compare the range of difference between the interface state estimate and the prediction result, and mark the fluctuation amplitude; If differences exceed the limit in three or more adjacent windows, the detection result is determined to be a persistent fault, and the detection result is output.

8. The multi-directional quick-change tool interface system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The health index construction unit, when generating the interface health index, includes: The interface state estimate is normalized to obtain the state value; A trend amplification factor is introduced to adjust the forecast results, resulting in a forecast value with enhanced trend. A consistency correction factor is introduced to adjust the test results, resulting in corrected test values. The state value, predicted value, and detected value are weighted and fused according to a preset ratio to generate an interface health index, which is then divided into a first-level warning and a second-level warning.

9. The multi-directional quick-change tool interface system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The early warning control module includes the following when outputting early warnings in a tiered manner: When a Level 1 warning is triggered, a second tightening is performed, and the original signal is collected again for processing after the second tightening. When a level 2 warning is triggered, an alarm signal is activated, and the interface status estimate, prediction result, and detection result are recorded as abnormal data. When a Level 1 warning is triggered several times in a row, the detection result is determined to be a persistent fault. At this time, a maintenance warning is triggered, maintenance prompt information is generated, and the interface status estimate, prediction result and historical data of the detection result are synchronized to the machine tool control terminal.

10. A tool interface, employing the multi-directional quick-change tool interface system as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, include: The connecting base is equipped with a tool base and a pull rod assembly; The tool base is disposed at one end of the connecting base. The tool base is provided with a groove, a control switch, a receiving base and a contact sensor. The receiving base is disposed in the groove. The contact sensor and the control switch are embedded in the side wall of the tool base. The pull rod assembly passes through the connecting base and the tool base. The receiving base is equipped with a base adjustment switch and a displacement sensor; The pull rod assembly includes a locking pawl and a drive rod. The locking pawl is connected to one end of the drive rod. The drive rod is disposed inside the connecting base and the cutter base. A pressure sensor is disposed on the side wall of the locking pawl. The locking pawl is disposed in the groove. The tool holder is provided with a T-shaped hole for connecting to the locking claw.

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