A drilling device for oil extraction

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of oil exploitation, and discloses a drilling device special for oil exploitation, which mainly comprises a drill pipe part, a detachable drill bit part and a casing part; the drill pipe part and the casing part form a sandwich channel, which is communicated with a heat exchange cavity of the drill bit part to form a circulating water path; a driving assembly and a linear transmission part are arranged in the casing part; the linear transmission part drives a fluid switching mechanism to move in the sandwich channel to control the opening and closing of a sludge passage on the side wall of the drill pipe; when the linear transmission part blocks the water path and opens the sludge passage, a flow guiding mechanism coupled with the driving assembly is separated from a flow guiding port, and is switched to a impeller form to enhance the negative pressure of a bottom cavity of the inner pipe through vortex flow guiding, thereby assisting sludge discharge; the device realizes automatic switching of a fluid path through mechanical linkage, has the functions of circulating cooling and efficient desilting, and has compact structure and coherent operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oil extraction technology, and more specifically to a drilling device specifically designed for oil extraction. Background Technology

[0002] In oil extraction operations, drilling is typically used to establish extraction channels to extract crude oil. To improve drilling efficiency, various drilling equipment improvement schemes have emerged in the existing technology. For example, Chinese patent document CN109281605A discloses a drilling device specifically for oil extraction, which includes a support body with a positioning cylinder at the lower end and raised edges on both sides of the bottom of the positioning cylinder. A through hole is provided in the center of the support body, and a drill rod is installed inside the through hole, with a drill bit connected to the lower end of the drill rod. A rotary motor is installed on the top of the support body, and the motor shaft is connected to the top of the drill rod. A protrusion is installed on the outer wall of the drill rod, and a positioning block is correspondingly provided on the inner wall of the through hole. A buffer assembly is provided between the protrusion and the positioning block. This device has a relatively simple structure, is easy to operate, can achieve preliminary positioning of the drilling position, and reduces vibration during drilling through the buffer assembly, thus protecting the drill bit to a certain extent. In addition, the drill bit used has high strength and wear resistance, which helps to extend its service life.

[0003] However, in practical applications, it has been found that the above-mentioned drilling equipment still has significant shortcomings: On the one hand, the drill bit generates a lot of heat due to the intense friction with the rock formation during continuous drilling, causing the drill bit temperature to rise sharply. The existing structure does not have an effective heat dissipation mechanism, and the high-temperature environment will significantly aggravate the wear and structural fatigue of the drill bit, affecting its service life; on the other hand, the rock cuttings and sludge generated during drilling are difficult to be discharged from the well in a timely and effective manner, and tend to accumulate around the drill bit and inside the wellbore. This not only increases the rotational resistance of the drill bit and reduces drilling efficiency, but also further aggravates the wear and heat generation of the drill bit, which has an adverse effect on drilling quality and the long-term stable operation of the drill bit. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the technical problem that this application actually aims to solve is: how to provide an oil drilling device that can effectively reduce the working temperature of the drill bit and remove the mud in the well in a timely manner, so as to extend the service life of the drill bit and ensure drilling efficiency.

[0005] This invention provides the following technical solution: a drilling device for oil extraction, comprising a drill pipe section, a drill head detachably mounted at the bottom of the drill pipe section, and a casing section sleeved inside the drill pipe section. A sandwich channel is formed between the drill pipe section and the casing section and can communicate with a pre-set heat exchange chamber in the drill head, thereby constructing a circulating water circuit. A drive assembly is coaxially arranged inside the casing section, and a linear transmission section that can move longitudinally along the inner cavity of the casing section under the drive of the drive assembly. A movable part within the sandwich channel is mounted on the side of the linear transmission section. The fluid switching mechanism has a flow diversion mechanism coupled to the periphery of the drive assembly. During movement, the fluid switching mechanism can open / close the channel on the side wall of the drill pipe for the entry of cuttings or sludge into the wellbore, thus creating a sludge channel. When the linear transmission unit blocks the circulating water path and opens the sludge channel under the drive of the drive assembly, the flow diversion mechanism disengages from the pre-set flow port on the side wall of the casing to complete the fluid path switching and transforms itself into an impeller shape to enhance the negative pressure in the bottom cavity of the casing by vortex flow diversion, thus assisting in the discharge of mud.

[0006] Furthermore, the outer interface of the drill pipe section is in direct contact with the rock cuttings deposit layer or silt layer in the wellbore, with the contact surface being the silt side; the drill pipe section consists of a main drill pipe and an end pipe integrally formed at its bottom end, with a silt inlet opened on the circumference of the main drill pipe near the end pipe end.

[0007] Furthermore, the top end of the main drill pipe is rigidly connected to the output end of the external drilling drive device; the output end of the drilling drive device consists of a rotary power end and a linear delivery end, and the top end of the casing is coupled to the linear delivery end only through an axial constraint mechanism.

[0008] Furthermore, the casing section is composed of an inner casing body, which is coaxially assembled inside the main drill pipe with a clearance fit, and its bottom end forms a non-constrained surface contact with the top wall of the end pipe; the radial sidewall of the inner casing body is symmetrically fixed with ribs located at 0° and 180° azimuth angles, and the ribs divide the interlayer channel between the drill pipe section and the casing section into two mutually mirror-like semi-arc channels; the end of each semi-arc channel corresponds to a flow channel interface preset at the circumferential position of the end pipe, and the flow channel interface realizes the turbulent-free connection between the semi-arc channel and the heat exchange cavity.

[0009] Furthermore, the drive assembly is composed of a drive housing. The bottom limit position of the drive housing forms a non-constrained surface contact with the top wall of the end tube, which has a degree of freedom. The drive housing is provided with two chambers, an upper chamber and a lower chamber, which are a transmission chamber and a drive chamber, respectively. A reversible motor is installed in the drive chamber, and a commutation adjustment unit is installed in the transmission chamber. A lead screw is coaxially provided at the center of the drive housing. The lead screw is coupled to the commutation adjustment unit and connected to the reversible motor. The reversible motor drives the lead screw and the commutation adjustment unit simultaneously to drive the linear transmission unit to perform linear movement and the circumferential deflection action of the diversion mechanism, respectively.

[0010] Furthermore, a top cover is detachably installed on the top of the transmission cavity. The top cover is rigidly connected to a column parallel to the lead screw. A base coaxial with the lead screw is fixedly installed on the top of the column. This base is directly connected to the output end of the mud pump. The mud pump is integrated into the linear delivery end of the drilling drive device output end.

[0011] Furthermore, the reversing adjustment unit includes a driving bevel gear rotatably mounted in the transmission compartment. The top of the driving bevel gear meshes with a plurality of driven bevel gears evenly distributed along the circumference. The output shaft end of each driven bevel gear passes through the side wall of the transmission compartment and is connected to the diversion mechanism for power coupling. The driving bevel gear is rigidly connected to the lead screw. The driving bevel gear transmits torque through the meshing driven bevel gears, so that the diversion mechanism is stabilized in a 35-45 degree tilt state after multiple rotations.

[0012] Furthermore, the top end of the lead screw is threaded through the linear transmission part, which is composed of a sliding block that is threaded onto the surface of the lead screw. The sliding block is movably penetrated by the column and its periphery is rigidly connected to a connecting arm that does not interfere with the column. The shaft end of the connecting arm is rigidly connected to the ring frame, and the ring frame is rotatably connected to the fluid switching mechanism.

[0013] Furthermore, the fluid switching mechanism is composed of a switching link. The bent end of the switching link passes through a pre-set through groove on the side wall of the inner casing body and is rigidly connected to an arc-shaped retaining ring. The bottom end of the switching link is fixedly connected to a flow channel blocking bolt. A side wing slide plate is rigidly connected to the section of the switching link between the arc-shaped retaining ring and the flow channel blocking bolt. The side wing slide plate is in close contact with the inner wall of the main drill pipe. A flow guide hole is opened on the surface of the side wing slide plate. When the flow guide hole is aligned with the sludge inlet, the flow channel blocking bolt has completed the sealing and insertion of the flow channel interface. An elastic sealing strip that is passed through by the bent end of the switching link is sealed and connected in the through groove.

[0014] Furthermore, the drainage mechanism is composed of a telescopic drive unit, the telescopic end of which is coupled to the sealing plug. The telescopic drive unit includes a hollow blade plate, one end of which is fixedly connected to the sealing plug and the other end is slidably fitted with an inner liner blade body. The hollow blade plate and the inner liner blade body are connected by an elastic telescopic rod. The inner liner blade body is rigidly connected to the shaft end of the driven bevel gear.

[0015] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows: When the device of this invention is in water-cooled mode, high-pressure water enters through the semi-arc-shaped channel between the drill pipe section and the casing section, and is guided into the heat exchange chamber through the flow channel interface to form a vortex. At the same time, the drill pipe section and the drill head perform drilling operations. After the water completes heat exchange in the heat exchange chamber under the disturbance of the heat flow plate, it is discharged through the symmetrical flow channel interface back channel, thereby establishing a circulating water circuit inside the drill head. This design effectively prevents the drill head from being damaged by high temperature through continuous physical cooling, while maintaining the stability of drilling operations and achieving efficient coordination between cooling and operation.

[0016] This invention achieves vertical movement of the linear transmission unit along the inner cavity of the casing and circumferential deflection of the drainage mechanism by controlling the transmission of the lead screw and the reversing adjustment unit. Under the constraint of the column, the sliding block drives the arc-shaped retaining ring, switching linkage, side wing slide plate and flow channel blocking bolt to move in coordination, which can block the circulating water path and open the sludge channel. The active bevel gear transmits torque through the driven bevel gear to make the sealing plug disengage from the drainage port to complete the fluid switching and form an impeller. Then, the telescopic drive unit can enhance the negative pressure of the bottom cavity of the casing by vortex drainage. The sludge is discharged by the pump after mixing with the water flow through the sludge inlet and the guide hole. This mechanism realizes efficient switching between drilling and sewage discharge modes, with no interference between moving parts and reliable sealing. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 Anatomical and enlarged schematic diagram of the structure.

[0019] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Further dissection and enlarged schematic diagram of the structure.

[0020] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Further dissection and enlarged schematic diagram of the structure.

[0021] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 A further anatomical diagram of the structure.

[0022] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing the transformation of the structure from water cooling mode to sewage discharge mode.

[0023] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the connection structure between the drive assembly and the diversion mechanism.

[0024] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the drainage mechanism of the present invention.

[0025] The attached figures are labeled as follows: 1. Drill pipe section; 11. Main drill pipe; 111. Sludge inlet; 12. End pipe; 121. Flow channel interface; 2. Drill head; 21. Drill bit body; 22. Heat exchange chamber; 23. Hot flow plate; 3. Casing section; 31. Inner casing body; 32. Rib plate; 4. Fluid switching mechanism; 41. Switching linkage; 42. Side wing slide plate; 421. Guide hole; 43. Flow channel blocking bolt; 44. Arc-shaped retaining ring; 4 5. Elastic sealing strip; 5. Linear transmission unit; 51. Sliding block; 52. Connecting arm; 53. Ring frame; 6. Drive assembly; 61. Drive housing; 62. Lead screw; 63. Reversing adjustment unit; 631. Driving bevel gear; 632. Driven bevel gear; 64. Column; 7. Drainage mechanism; 71. Telescopic drive unit; 711. Hollow blade; 712. Inner liner blade; 713. Elastic telescopic rod; 72. Sealing plug. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In addition, the forms of the various structures described in the following embodiments are merely illustrative. The drilling device for oil extraction involved in the present invention is not limited to the structures described in the following embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Reference Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the present invention provides a drilling device for oil extraction, including a drill pipe section 1, a drill head 2 detachably installed at the bottom end of the drill pipe section 1, and a casing section 3 sleeved inside the drill pipe section 1; a sandwich channel is formed between the drill pipe section 1 and the casing section 3 and can communicate with a heat exchange chamber 22 preset in the drill head 2, thereby constructing a circulating water circuit; a drive assembly 6 is coaxially arranged inside the casing section 3, and a linear transmission section 5 can move longitudinally along the inner cavity of the casing section 3 under the drive of the drive assembly 6; symmetrically mounted on the side of the linear transmission section 5 are movable within the sandwich channel. The fluid switching mechanism 4 is driven by a flow diversion mechanism 7 coupled to the periphery of the drive assembly 6. During movement, the fluid switching mechanism 4 can open / close the channel on the side wall of the drill pipe section 1 for the entry of rock cuttings or silt into the wellbore, thus creating a silt channel. When the linear transmission section 5 blocks the circulating water path and opens the silt channel under the drive of the drive assembly 6, the flow diversion mechanism 7 disengages from the pre-set flow diversion port on the side wall of the casing section 3 to complete the fluid path switching. It also transforms into an impeller shape to enhance the negative pressure in the bottom cavity of the casing section 3 by vortex flow diversion, thus assisting in the discharge of mud.

[0028] In this embodiment, it should be noted that the outer interface of the drill pipe section 1 is in direct contact with the rock cuttings deposit layer or silt layer in the wellbore, and the contact surface is the silt side; the drill pipe section 1 consists of the main drill pipe 11 and the end pipe 12 integrally formed at its bottom end, and the circumferential side of the main drill pipe 11 near the end pipe 12 is provided with a silt inlet 111. The drill bit 2 includes a drill bit body 21, wherein the drill bit body 21 and the end tube 12 are detachably rigidly connected by bolts; the drill bit body 21 has a heat exchange cavity 22 machined inside, and several rigidly connected heat flow plates 23 are evenly distributed on the inner ring wall; during the drilling operation, when the fluid flows through, the circumferential arrangement of the heat flow plates 23 can induce the formation of a stable vortex field in the heat exchange cavity 22. The top end of the main drill pipe 11 is rigidly connected to the output end of the external drilling drive device, ensuring that the drill pipe section 1 and the drill head 2 maintain coaxial rotation and downward movement under the control of the drilling drive device, thereby completing the drilling operation; the output end of the drilling drive device consists of a rotary power end and a linear delivery end, and the top end of the casing section 3 is coupled to the linear delivery end through an axial constraint mechanism, so that the casing section 3 can achieve synchronous axial displacement with the drill pipe section 1, while maintaining its own static positioning in the circumferential degree of freedom; The casing section 3 is composed of an inner casing body 31, which is coaxially assembled inside the main drill pipe 11 with a clearance fit. Its bottom end forms a non-constrained surface contact with the top wall of the end pipe 12. Ribs 32 located at 0° and 180° azimuth angles are symmetrically fixed to the radial side wall of the inner casing body 31. The ribs 32 divide the interlayer channel between the drill pipe section 1 and the casing section 3 into two mirror-image semi-arc channels. The end of each semi-arc channel corresponds to a flow channel interface 121 preset at the circumferential position of the end pipe 12. The flow channel interface 121 realizes the turbulent-free connection between the semi-arc channel and the heat exchange cavity 22.

[0029] Reference Figures 5 to 8 As shown, the drive assembly 6 is composed of a drive housing 61. The bottom limit position of the drive housing 61 forms a non-constrained surface contact with the top wall of the end tube 12 with a degree of freedom. The drive housing 61 is provided with two chambers, an upper and a lower chamber, which are a transmission chamber and a drive chamber, respectively. A reversible motor is installed in the drive chamber, and a reversing adjustment part 63 is installed in the transmission chamber. A lead screw 62 is coaxially provided at the center of the drive housing 61. The lead screw 62 is coupled to the reversing adjustment part 63 and connected to the reversible motor. The reversible motor drives the lead screw 62 and the reversing adjustment part 63 simultaneously to drive the linear transmission part 5 to perform linear movement and the circumferential deflection action of the diversion mechanism 7, respectively.

[0030] In this embodiment, it should be noted that the top of the transmission cavity is detachably mounted with a top cover, which is rigidly connected to a column 64 parallel to the lead screw 62. A base coaxial with the lead screw 62 is fixedly mounted on the top of the column 64, and this base is directly connected to the output end of the mud pump. The mud pump is integrated into the linear delivery end of the drilling drive device output end, so that the drive assembly 6 moves downward while maintaining synchronization with the casing section 3. It can obtain circumferential rotational torque independently of the casing section 3 and driven by the mud pump. Note: The lead screw 62 does not contact or connect with the base / mud pump. To avoid the winding phenomenon that occurs when the reversible motor rotates together with the drive assembly 6, an improved scheme is implemented for its control circuit: the drive cavity integrates a storage power supply, a wireless receiving module and a control unit; the storage power supply provides power to the wireless receiving module, the control unit and the reversible motor; the wireless receiving module is responsible for receiving external wireless command signals and transmitting control commands to the control unit; and the control unit generates drive signals for the reversible motor. In addition, maintenance hatches are provided on the periphery of the drive chamber, casing section 3 and drill pipe section 1 so that the storage power supply can be opened and replaced after drilling operations are completed. The reversing adjustment unit 63 includes a driving bevel gear 631 rotatably mounted in the transmission compartment. The top of the driving bevel gear 631 meshes with a plurality of driven bevel gears 632 evenly distributed along the circumference. The output shaft end of each driven bevel gear 632 passes through the side wall of the transmission compartment and is connected to the diversion mechanism 7 for power coupling. The driving bevel gear 631 is rigidly connected to the lead screw 62. The driving bevel gear 631 transmits torque through the meshing driven bevel gears 632, so that the diversion mechanism 7 is stabilized in a 35-45 degree tilt state after multiple rotations.

[0031] In order to enable the linear transmission unit 5 to carry the linear displacement of the fluid switching mechanism 4 and to ensure that the rotational motion of the linear transmission unit 5 and the drive assembly 6 is not affected by the fluid switching mechanism 4 after reaching the predetermined position, the connection structure of the linear transmission unit 5 needs to be optimized. Specifically, the top end of the lead screw 62 is threaded through the linear transmission unit 5. The linear transmission unit 5 is composed of a sliding block 51 that is threaded onto the surface of the lead screw 62. The sliding block 51 is movably penetrated by the column 64 and its periphery is rigidly connected to a connecting arm 52 that does not interfere with the column 64. The shaft end of the connecting arm 52 is rigidly connected to the ring frame 53. The ring frame 53 is rotatably connected to the fluid switching mechanism 4. To achieve rapid switching of the fluid path by the fluid switching mechanism 4 during the movement of the linear transmission unit 5, the structural design of the fluid switching mechanism 4 needs to be optimized. Specifically, the fluid switching mechanism 4 is composed of a switching link 41. The bent end of the switching link 41 passes through a pre-set through groove on the side wall of the inner sleeve body 31 and is rigidly connected to the arc-shaped retaining ring 44. The arc-shaped retaining ring 44 and the ring frame 53 are engaged by rotational snap-fit. The bottom end of the switching link 41 is fixedly connected to the flow channel blocking bolt 43. A side wing slide plate 42 is rigidly connected to the section of the switching link 41 between the arc-shaped retaining ring 44 and the flow channel blocking bolt 43. The side wing slide plate 42 is in close contact with the inner wall of the main drill pipe 11. A guide hole 421 is opened on the surface of the side wing slide plate 42. When the guide hole 421 is aligned with the sludge inlet 111, the flow channel blocking bolt 43 has completed the sealing and insertion of the flow channel interface 121, realizing the blocking of the circulating water path and the opening of the sludge channel. The through groove is sealed with an elastic sealing strip 45 through which the bent end of the switching link 41 passes; the elastic sealing strip 45 adapts to the displacement of the switching link 41, ensuring that the switching link 41 slides smoothly along the through groove on the side wall of the inner sleeve body 31 and remains sealed. In order to achieve the stable blocking and removal function of the drainage mechanism 7 on the side wall drainage port of the inner sleeve body 31, the structural design of the drainage mechanism 7 needs to be optimized. Specifically, the drainage mechanism 7 is composed of a telescopic drive part 71. The telescopic end of the telescopic drive part 71 is coupled to the sealing plug 72. The telescopic drive part 71 includes a hollow blade plate 711. One end of the hollow blade plate 711 is fixedly connected to the sealing plug 72, while the other end is slidably fitted with an inner liner blade 712. The hollow blade plate 711 and the inner liner blade 712 are connected by an elastic telescopic rod 713. The inner liner blade 712 is rigidly connected to the shaft end of the driven bevel gear 632. The sealing plug 72 can be made of a tough material, so that it can dynamically adapt to and closely fit the inner wall contour of the sleeve part 3 when the drainage mechanism 7 rotates to a specific angle. When the drainage mechanism 7 rotates back to the vertical state, the sealing plug 72 can be re-embedded into the drainage port of the inner sleeve body 31 to close the sewage channel.

[0032] Working principle of this invention: When the device is in water-cooling mode, such as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, high-pressure water can enter from the semi-arc-shaped channel on one side between the drill pipe section 1 and the casing section 3, and be introduced into the heat exchange chamber 22 through the connected flow channel interface 121. At the same time, the drill pipe section 1 and the drill head 2 perform drilling operations under the control of the drilling drive device. The water flow forms a vortex in the heat exchange chamber 22 under the disturbance of the heat flow plate 23, and is then guided back to the semi-arc-shaped channel on the same side through the symmetrical flow channel interface 121 on the other side and finally discharged. This establishes a circulating water path inside the drill head 2, and achieves physical cooling through continuous heat exchange, effectively preventing the drill head 2 from being damaged due to excessive temperature. When the equipment drills to a certain depth and needs to clean the rock cuttings and silt accumulated in the wellbore, the equipment switches from water-cooled mode to sewage discharge mode. Figure 5 The state shown transforms into Figure 6 As shown, the core mechanism is as follows: the reversible motor in the drive cavity of the drive housing 61 synchronously controls the forward / reverse transmission of the lead screw 62 and the reversing adjustment part 63 to adjust the longitudinal displacement of the linear transmission part 5 and the circumferential deflection angle of the diversion mechanism 7 respectively; specifically, when the output shaft of the reversible motor drives the lead screw 62 and the active bevel gear 631 to rotate in the forward direction, the sliding block 51 threaded onto the surface of the lead screw 62, under the constraint of the column 64, allows the entire linear transmission part 5 to make a vertical downward linear displacement along the inner cavity of the sleeve part 3. During this period, the ring frame 53 will pull the arc-shaped retaining ring 44, the switching link 41, the side wing slide plate 42 and the flow channel blocking bolt 43 to move downward together. The elastic sealing strip 45 adapts to the displacement of the switching link 41, ensuring that the switching link 41 slides smoothly along the through groove on the side wall of the inner sleeve body 31 and maintains a seal. When the guide hole 421 is aligned with the sludge inlet 111, the flow channel blocking bolt 43 has completed the convection. The sealing and insertion of the interface 121 achieves the blocking of the circulating water path and the opening of the sludge channel. Simultaneously, the active bevel gear 631 transmits torque through the meshing driven bevel gear 632, so that the diversion mechanism 7 stabilizes at a 35-45 degree tilt after multiple rotations. The sealing plug 72 disengages from the diversion port on the side wall of the inner casing body 31, completely realizing the switching of the fluid channel. At this time, the mud pump is started, and its output shaft carries the drive assembly 6 to rotate coaxially via the column 64. The linear transmission part 5 adapts to the rotation along the arc-shaped retaining ring 44 through the ring frame 53 to avoid interference. The diversion mechanism 7 rotates centrifugally inside the casing part 3. The telescopic drive part 71 enhances the negative pressure in the bottom cavity of the casing part 3 through vortex diversion. The sludge can enter the semi-arc channel from the connected sludge inlet 111 and the guide hole 421 to mix with the water flow. After flowing into the inner cavity of the casing part 3 through the diversion port, it is discharged by the mud pump. Note: The drilling drive device must be stopped during this process to prevent motion interference. The mechanism by which the equipment resets from the sewage discharge mode to the water cooling mode is the reverse operation of the sewage discharge start-up process described above: when the output shaft of the reversible motor drives the lead screw 62 and the active bevel gear 631 to rotate in opposite directions, the sliding block 51, which is threaded onto the surface of the lead screw 62, causes the linear transmission part 5 to make a vertical upward linear displacement along the inner cavity of the sleeve part 3 under the constraint of the column 64. The ring frame 53 pushes the arc-shaped retaining ring 44, the switching connecting rod 41, the side wing slide plate 42, and the flow channel blocking bolt 43 to move upward as a whole until the guide hole. 421 is misaligned with the sludge inlet 111 and the flow channel blocking plug 43 is withdrawn from the flow channel interface 121, restoring the connection of the circulating water circuit; synchronously, the active bevel gear 631 transmits reverse torque through the driven bevel gear 632 to make the diversion mechanism 7 rotate in the opposite direction to the vertical state, and the sealing plug 72 is re-embedded into the inner sleeve body 31 to close the sewage discharge channel; after the mud pump stops, the drilling drive device starts and the drilling operation resumes, and the high-pressure water flows through the flow channel interface 121 into the heat exchange chamber 22 to form a cooling cycle.

[0033] The above is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, in accordance with the technical plan and its improved concept, should be included under the protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A drilling device for oil extraction, comprising a drill pipe section (1), a drill head (2) detachably mounted at the bottom end of the drill pipe section (1), and a casing section (3) sleeved inside the drill pipe section (1), characterized in that: A sandwich channel is formed between the drill pipe section (1) and the casing section (3) and communicates with the heat exchange chamber (22) preset in the drill head (2), thus constructing a circulating water circuit; a drive assembly (6) is coaxially arranged inside the casing section (3), and a linear transmission section (5) that can move longitudinally along the inner cavity of the casing section (3) under the drive of the drive assembly (6). A fluid switching mechanism (4) that can move in the sandwich channel is assembled on the side of the linear transmission section (5), and a flow diversion mechanism is coupled to the periphery of the drive assembly (6). 7) The fluid switching mechanism (4) can connect or close the channel on the side wall of the drill pipe section (1) for the entry of rock cuttings or silt in the wellbore during the movement process, that is, to construct the silt channel. When the linear transmission section (5) blocks the circulating water path and opens the silt channel under the transmission of the drive assembly (6), the diversion mechanism (7) disengages from the pre-set diversion port on the side wall of the casing section (3) to complete the switching of the fluid path, and transforms itself into an impeller shape to enhance the negative pressure of the bottom cavity of the casing section (3) in the vortex diversion method, and assists the mud flow to be discharged.

2. The drilling device for oil extraction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer interface of the drill pipe section (1) is in direct contact with the rock cuttings deposit layer or silt layer in the well hole, and the contact surface is the silt side; the drill pipe section (1) consists of the main drill pipe (11) and the end pipe (12) integrally formed at its bottom end, and the silt inlet (111) is opened on the periphery of the main drill pipe (11) near the end pipe (12).

3. The drilling device for oil extraction according to claim 2, characterized in that: The top end of the main drill pipe (11) is rigidly connected to the output end of the external drilling drive device; the output end of the drilling drive device consists of a rotary power end and a linear delivery end, and the top end of the casing (3) is coupled to the linear delivery end through an axial constraint mechanism.

4. The drilling device for oil extraction according to claim 3, characterized in that: The casing section (3) includes an inner casing body (31), which is coaxially assembled inside the main drill pipe (11) with a clearance fit. Its bottom end forms a non-constrained surface contact with the top wall of the end pipe (12). The radial sidewall of the inner casing body (31) is symmetrically fixed with ribs (32) located at 0° and 180° azimuth angles. The ribs (32) divide the interlayer channel between the drill pipe section (1) and the casing section (3) into two semi-arc channels that are mirror images of each other. Each semi-arc channel has a pre-set flow channel interface (121) at the circumferential position of the end pipe (12) corresponding to the terminal of the semi-arc channel. The flow channel interface (121) realizes the turbulent connection between the semi-arc channel and the heat exchange cavity (22).

5. The drilling device for oil extraction according to claim 4, characterized in that: The drive assembly (6) includes a drive housing (61). The bottom limit position of the drive housing (61) forms a non-constrained surface contact with the top wall of the end tube (12) with a degree of freedom. The drive housing (61) is provided with two chambers, an upper and a lower chamber, which are a transmission chamber and a drive chamber, respectively. A reversible motor is installed in the drive chamber and a reversing adjustment part (63) is installed in the transmission chamber. A lead screw (62) is coaxially provided in the center of the drive housing (61). The lead screw (62) is coupled to the reversing adjustment part (63) and connected to the reversible motor. The reversible motor drives the lead screw (62) and the reversing adjustment part (63) at the same time to drive the linear transmission part (5) to perform linear movement and the circumferential deflection action of the diversion mechanism (7).

6. The drilling device for oil extraction according to claim 5, characterized in that: The top of the transmission cavity is detachably installed with a top cover, which is rigidly connected to a column (64) parallel to the lead screw (62). A base coaxial with the lead screw (62) is fixedly installed at the top of the column (64), and the base is directly connected to the output end of the mud pump. The mud pump is integrated into the linear delivery end of the output end of the drilling drive device.

7. The drilling device for oil extraction according to claim 6, characterized in that: The reversing adjustment unit (63) includes a driving bevel gear (631) rotatably mounted in the transmission cavity. The top of the driving bevel gear (631) meshes with a plurality of driven bevel gears (632) evenly distributed along the circumference. The output shaft end of each driven bevel gear (632) passes through the side wall of the transmission cavity and is connected to the diversion mechanism (7) for power coupling. The driving bevel gear (631) is rigidly connected to the lead screw (62). The driving bevel gear (631) transmits torque through the meshing driven bevel gears (632), so that the diversion mechanism (7) is stabilized in a 35-45 degree tilt state after multiple rotations.

8. The drilling apparatus for oil extraction according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: The top end of the lead screw (62) is threaded through the linear transmission part (5). The linear transmission part (5) includes a sliding block (51) threaded onto the surface of the lead screw (62). The sliding block (51) is movably penetrated by the column (64) and its periphery is rigidly connected to a connecting arm (52) that does not interfere with the column (64). The shaft end of the connecting arm (52) is rigidly connected to the ring frame (53). The ring frame (53) is rotatably connected to the fluid switching mechanism (4).

9. The drilling device for oil extraction according to claim 8, characterized in that: The fluid switching mechanism (4) includes a switching link (41). The bent end of the switching link (41) passes through a pre-set through groove on the side wall of the inner sleeve body (31) and is rigidly connected to the arc-shaped retaining ring (44). The bottom end of the switching link (41) is fixedly connected to the flow channel blocking bolt (43). A side wing slide plate (42) is rigidly connected on the section of the switching link (41) between the arc-shaped retaining ring (44) and the flow channel blocking bolt (43). The side wing slide plate (42) is in close contact with the inner wall of the main drill pipe (11). A guide hole (421) is opened on the surface of the side wing slide plate (42). When the guide hole (421) is aligned with the sludge inlet (111), the flow channel blocking bolt (43) has completed the sealing and insertion of the flow channel interface (121). An elastic sealing strip (45) through which the bent end of the switching link (41) passes is sealed in the through groove.

10. The drilling apparatus for oil extraction according to claim 7, characterized in that: The drainage mechanism (7) includes a telescopic drive unit (71), the telescopic end of which is coupled to the sealing plug (72). The telescopic drive unit (71) includes a hollow blade plate (711), one end of which is fixedly connected to the sealing plug (72) and the other end is slidably fitted with an inner liner blade (712). The hollow blade plate (711) and the inner liner blade (712) are connected by an elastic telescopic rod (713). The inner liner blade (712) is rigidly connected to the shaft end of the driven bevel gear (632).

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