Three-dimensional rigid arch structure for preventing partial subsidence collapse of primary support

Abstract

The application provides a three-dimensional rigid arch structure for preventing local subsidence collapse of initial support, relates to the field of tunnel design and construction technology, and comprises a plurality of steel arches arranged along the extension direction of the tunnel, a plurality of profile steel connecting pieces arranged between two adjacent steel arches through a fixing structure, the plurality of profile steel connecting pieces being equidistantly distributed along the extension direction of the steel arch, the end faces of the steel arch and the profile steel connecting piece being in the shape of an I-beam, and two grooves being formed on the steel arch and the profile steel connecting piece. The steel arches can be spliced into a three-dimensional structure, the three-dimensional structure can increase the stress area, the subsidence pressure can be dispersed on a larger stratum, the subsidence is less likely to occur, the multi-point linkage can effectively avoid uneven subsidence, the three-dimensional structure has the advantages of good supporting effect, and the problems of uneven subsidence caused by upper surrounding rock deformation and affected by the construction process in the existing combined support system of the shotcrete and anchor and the steel arch are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel design and construction technology, specifically to a three-dimensional rigid arch frame structure that prevents local settlement and collapse of the initial support. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, the scale of tunnel construction has been continuously expanding, with an increasing number of projects traversing large-scale karst areas. When tunnels pass through particularly large-scale karst sections, the filling soil within the karst caves has high water content, high compressibility, and complex composition, with a significant difference in compression modulus compared to the surrounding rock sections. This makes the tunnel highly susceptible to significant relative settlement, leading to problems such as lining cracking and water leakage, and uneven track alignment, seriously threatening tunnel safety and service life.

[0003] When tunnel construction cannot avoid large, filled karst caves, traversing these cave fillings becomes the inevitable choice. However, the transition from rock to soil sections significantly increases construction risks, with frequent accidents such as collapses, water inrushes, and roof falls. Simultaneously, differential settlement caused by abrupt changes in foundation properties can damage the lining structure, directly impacting subsequent driving safety and ride comfort. Therefore, developing targeted karst cave treatment and pretreatment solutions is crucial for ensuring the safety of tunnel construction in karst areas.

[0004] Currently, the industry's conventional approach to handling such conditions mainly involves removing the filler or grouting reinforcement. During construction, a combined system of upper and lower steps, shotcrete and steel arch support, is commonly used. The invention, with publication number CN218816441U, entitled "A Steel Arch Support Device for Safe Construction of Tunnel Structures," includes a portal-shaped support trolley. The bottom of both sides of the support trolley are equipped with trolley screw fixing mechanisms and side support mechanisms. A hydraulic cylinder support plate is fixed to the top of the support trolley. At least three hydraulic cylinders are installed laterally on the hydraulic cylinder support plate. Each hydraulic cylinder has an arc-shaped support frame rod connected to its top. An arc-shaped support plate is installed on the arc-shaped support frame rod, and a first rubber pad layer is connected to the upper surface of the arc-shaped support plate. The invention, with publication number CN214787442U, is entitled "A Channel Steel Arch Support Beam for Preventing Tunnel Settlement and Deformation." It includes a first anchor rod, a buckle, and a threaded rod. A first channel steel is connected to the surface of the first anchor rod, and an insert rod is connected through the surface of the first channel steel. One end of the insert rod is connected to a fixing block, and a second channel steel is connected to one side of the fixing block. A soft plug is fitted onto the surface of the fixing block.

[0005] However, actual engineering projects show that after the upper step is excavated and the initial support is completed, the steel arch frame is prone to settlement due to deformation of the surrounding rock when supported by the filling layer. Moreover, the uneven settlement problem is prominent due to the influence of construction procedures. Although existing methods such as clearing and backfilling and grouting reinforcement have certain effects, they have the disadvantages of high construction costs and long cycles, and it is difficult to ensure that the uneven settlement of the steel arch frame can be effectively controlled after the filling layer is reinforced.

[0006] Therefore, we propose a three-dimensional rigid arch frame structure to prevent local settlement and collapse of the initial support and solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and propose a three-dimensional rigid arch frame structure to prevent local settlement and collapse of the initial support. It can splice the steel arch frames into a three-dimensional structure, increase the stress area by utilizing the three-dimensional structure, distribute the settlement pressure over a larger stratum, and make it less prone to settlement. Moreover, the multi-point linkage effectively avoids uneven settlement and has the advantage of good support effect. It solves the problems of existing shotcrete and steel arch frame combined support systems that are prone to settlement due to deformation of the surrounding rock above and uneven settlement due to the influence of construction procedures.

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a three-dimensional rigid arch frame structure for preventing local settlement and collapse of the initial support, comprising multiple steel arch frames installed along the tunnel extension direction, multiple steel connectors installed between two adjacent steel arch frames through a fixing structure, the multiple steel connectors being distributed at equal distances along the extension direction of the steel arch frames, the end faces of the steel arch frames and the steel connectors being I-shaped, and two grooves being formed on both the steel arch frames and the steel connectors.

[0009] Furthermore, the end of the steel connector is movably inserted into a groove on the steel arch frame.

[0010] Furthermore, the fixing structure is a weld, and the steel arch frame and the steel connecting parts are fixedly connected by welds.

[0011] Furthermore, the fixing structure includes a metal plate, a bolt body, and a screw hole. The metal plate is welded to the end of the steel connector. The side of the metal plate away from the steel connector contacts the inner wall of the steel arch. The bolt body is movably inserted into the metal plate. The screw hole is opened on the inner wall of the steel arch. The bolt body is inserted into the screw hole and the two are threaded together.

[0012] Furthermore, the end face of the steel connector is in contact with the side of the steel arch frame, and the outer side of the steel connector is flush with the outer side of the steel arch frame.

[0013] Furthermore, the fixing structure includes a constraint slider, bolt holes, through holes, and fixing screws. The constraint slider is fixedly connected to the end face of the steel connector. The constraint slider is slidably inserted into the groove on the steel arch frame. Bolt holes are opened on the constraint slider. Through holes are opened on the inner side of the steel arch frame. Fixing screws pass through the through holes and are inserted into the bolt holes. The fixing screws are threadedly engaged with the bolt holes.

[0014] Furthermore, a reinforcing structure is installed in the groove on the upper side of the steel connector. The reinforcing structure includes a reinforcing strip and anti-slip protrusions. The reinforcing strip is movably inserted into the groove on the upper side of the steel connector. The anti-slip protrusions are fixedly connected to the surface of the reinforcing strip away from the steel connector. There are multiple anti-slip protrusions, which are evenly distributed on the surface of the reinforcing strip.

[0015] Furthermore, the steel connector is internally equipped with a compensation mechanism, which includes a positioning groove, a displacement sliding hole, a fixing block, and a U-shaped fastener. The positioning groove is located on the surface of the reinforcing strip away from the anti-slip protrusion. Five right-angled inclined blocks are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the positioning groove. The displacement sliding hole is located on the inner side wall of the steel connector. Two grooves on the steel connector are connected through the displacement sliding hole. The fixing block is fixedly installed in another groove on the steel connector. A compensation screw is movably inserted inside the fixing block, and five compensation sliders are threaded onto the outside of the compensation screw. A displacement slider is fixedly connected to the upper side of the compensation slider. The other end of the displacement slider passes through the displacement sliding hole and is fixedly connected to a force-applying slider. The force-applying slider is slidably inserted into the positioning groove. A force-applying inclined surface is opened at one corner of the force-applying slider. The force-applying inclined surface is slidably connected to the inclined surface on the right-angle inclined surface block. A driven bevel gear is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the compensation screw. A U-shaped fastener is fixedly connected to the surface of the steel connector away from the reinforcing strip. A drive bolt is rotatably inserted into the U-shaped fastener. A drive bevel gear is fixedly connected to the end of the drive bolt. The drive bevel gear meshes with the driven bevel gear.

[0016] Furthermore, a pre-tightening structure is provided at the end of the steel arch frame. The pre-tightening structure includes a load-bearing plate, and two load-bearing arms are welded to the top surface of the load-bearing plate. The two load-bearing arms are slidably inserted into two grooves on the steel arch frame. A pre-tightening hydraulic cylinder located between the two load-bearing arms is fixedly installed on the top surface of the load-bearing plate, and the top surface of the pre-tightening hydraulic cylinder abuts against the end face of the steel arch frame.

[0017] Furthermore, a locking bolt is inserted through the load-bearing arm, the locking bolt is threaded with the load-bearing arm, and the end of the locking bolt is adapted to the inner wall of the steel arch frame.

[0018] Furthermore, positioning grooves are provided on the two surfaces of the two load-bearing arms that are close to each other. Positioning sliders are slidably inserted into the positioning grooves. Locking bolts are rotatably inserted into the positioning sliders. Multiple equally spaced interlocking moving teeth are connected to the other side of the positioning sliders. Multiple interlocking tooth grooves are provided on the inner side of the steel arch frame. The interlocking moving teeth are adapted to the interlocking tooth grooves.

[0019] Compared with existing technologies, this three-dimensional rigid arch frame structure for preventing local settlement and collapse of the initial support has the following advantages:

[0020] I. This invention uses a fixed structure to fix steel connectors between two adjacent steel arch frames, allowing the two adjacent steel arch frames to be spliced ​​into a three-dimensional structure through the cooperation of the steel connectors and the fixed structure. This three-dimensional structure provides overall support within the tunnel. Specifically, areas within the tunnel that have not experienced settlement can be supported by this three-dimensional structure in areas prone to settlement, distributing local settlement pressure across a larger, more solid stratum, making settlement less likely. Furthermore, since there are multiple solid strata within the tunnel, this creates multi-point stress distribution and multi-point linkage, effectively preventing uneven settlement and providing better support. This enhances the practicality of the three-dimensional rigid arch frame structure for preventing local settlement and collapse of initial support.

[0021] II. By setting the outer surface of the steel connector to be flush with the outer surface of the steel arch frame, the steel arch frame supports the surrounding rock of the tunnel while the steel connector also supports the surrounding rock. This prevents settlement in the surrounding rock area between the two steel arch frames, thus increasing the support effect. Through the reinforcement structure, the three-dimensional structure can apply a restraining force to the surrounding rock. This restraining force prevents the surrounding rock from sliding along the direction perpendicular to the tunnel extension, thereby preventing settlement between the two adjacent steel connectors. This further increases the support effect and avoids uneven settlement, resulting in better support and improving the practicality of the three-dimensional rigid arch frame structure for preventing local settlement and collapse of the initial support.

[0022] Third, this invention, through a compensation mechanism, enables the three-dimensional structure to provide better support to the surrounding rock during the initial installation phase. Furthermore, after the three-dimensional structure lowers in height due to settlement, workers can use the compensation mechanism to drive the reinforcement structure, increasing its support force on the surrounding rock and further enhancing the support effect. The pre-tightening structure also allows the three-dimensional structure to provide better support to the surrounding rock during the initial installation phase. Moreover, after the three-dimensional structure lowers in height due to settlement, workers can use the pre-tightening structure to control the steel arch frame and steel connectors to rise, increasing the reinforcement structure's support force on the surrounding rock and further enhancing the support effect. This results in better support and prevents uneven settlement, improving the practicality of this three-dimensional rigid arch frame structure for preventing local settlement and collapse during initial support.

[0023] Other advantages, objectives and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination or study, or may be learned from the practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the third embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the steel arch frame in the third embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the fourth embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the steel arch frame in the fifth embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the steel connector in the fifth embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional three-dimensional structural diagram of the fifth embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the steel connector in the sixth embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the reinforcement structure in the sixth embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 11 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the steel connector in the sixth embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 12 For the present invention Figure 11 A three-dimensional structural diagram of a medium-sized steel connector;

[0036] Figure 13 For the present invention Figure 11 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the central reinforcing strip;

[0037] Figure 14 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the seventh embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 15 For the present invention Figure 14 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the pre-tightening structure.

[0039] In the picture:

[0040] 1. Steel arch frame; 2. Steel connecting parts; 3. Fixing structure; 4. Metal plate; 5. Bolt body; 6. Bolt holes;

[0041] 301. Constraint slider; 302. Bolt hole; 303. Through hole; 304. Fixing screw;

[0042] 7. Reinforced structure; 701. Reinforcing strip; 702. Anti-slip protrusions;

[0043] 8. Compensation mechanism; 801. Positioning slide groove; 802. Right-angle inclined block; 803. Displacement slide hole; 804. Fixing block; 805. Compensation screw; 806. Compensation slider; 807. Displacement slider; 808. Force-applying slider; 809. Force-applying inclined plane; 810. Driven bevel gear; 811. U-shaped fastener; 812. Drive bolt; 813. Drive bevel gear;

[0044] 9. Pre-tightening structure; 901. Load-bearing plate; 902. Load-bearing arm; 903. Pre-tightening hydraulic cylinder; 904. Locking bolt; 905. Positioning groove; 906. Positioning slider; 907. Engaging moving gear; 908. Engaging tooth groove. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] Please see Figures 1-15 The present invention provides the following implementation scheme: a three-dimensional rigid arch frame structure for preventing local settlement and collapse of the initial support, comprising multiple steel arch frames 1 installed along the tunnel extension direction, wherein the steel arch frame 1 is composed of a circular arc segment and a vertical segment.

[0047] Please refer to this carefully. Figure 1 Multiple steel connectors 2 are installed between two adjacent steel arch frames 1 through a fixing structure 3. The multiple steel connectors 2 are distributed at equal distances along the extension direction of the steel arch frame 1. The end faces of the steel arch frame 1 and the steel connectors 2 are both I-shaped, and two grooves are formed on both the steel arch frame 1 and the steel connectors 2.

[0048] Two adjacent steel arch frames 1 are spliced ​​together into a three-dimensional structure through the cooperation of steel connectors 2 and fixing structures 3. In this way, all the steel arch frames 1 are spliced ​​together into a three-dimensional structure. This three-dimensional structure plays an overall supporting role in the tunnel. Specifically, the areas in the tunnel that have not settled can support the areas in the tunnel that are prone to settlement through this three-dimensional structure. It disperses the local settlement pressure on a larger solid stratum, making it less likely to settle. Moreover, there are more than one solid stratum area in the tunnel, thus forming a multi-point force-bearing effect and achieving a multi-point linkage effect, effectively avoiding uneven settlement and providing better support.

[0049] Please refer to this carefully. Figure 1 In the first embodiment of the present invention, the end of the steel connector 2 is movably inserted into the groove on the steel arch frame 1.

[0050] This allows workers to quickly place the steel connector 2 between two adjacent steel arch frames 1, making it convenient for workers to fix the steel arch frame 1 and the steel connector 2.

[0051] During installation, the steel connector 2 is inserted into the vertical section of the groove on the steel arch frame 1. Then, the steel arch frame 1 is fixed on the ground inside the tunnel. Next, the steel connector 2 is pushed along the groove on the steel arch frame 1 until it reaches the installation position. Then, the fixing structure 3 is used to fix the steel arch frame 1 and the steel connector 2 together.

[0052] Please refer to this carefully. Figure 2 In the second embodiment of the present invention, the fixing structure 3 is a weld, and the steel arch frame 1 and the steel connecting piece 2 are fixedly connected by the weld.

[0053] This connection method is suitable for installations where there is a power source nearby.

[0054] When the steel connector 2 reaches the installation position, the steel arch frame 1 and the steel connector 2 are welded together using welding equipment.

[0055] Please refer to this carefully. Figure 3 and Figure 4 In the third embodiment of the present invention, the fixing structure 3 includes a metal plate 4, a bolt body 5 and a screw hole 6. The metal plate 4 is welded to the end of the steel connector 2. The side of the metal plate 4 away from the steel connector 2 contacts the inner wall of the steel arch frame 1. The bolt body 5 is movably inserted into the metal plate 4. The screw hole 6 is opened on the inner wall of the steel arch frame 1. The bolt body 5 is inserted into the screw hole 6 and the two are threaded together.

[0056] The steel arch frame 1 and the steel connector 2 are installed together by the threaded engagement of the bolt body 5 and the screw hole 6. This connection method can be used regardless of whether there is a power source near the installation location, making it more versatile.

[0057] When the steel connector 2 reaches the installation position, the bolt body 5 is passed through the hole on the metal plate 4 and screwed into the bolt hole 6 to fix the steel arch frame 1 and the steel connector 2 together.

[0058] Please refer to this carefully. Figure 5 In the fourth embodiment of the present invention, the end face of the steel connector 2 is in contact with the side of the steel arch frame 1, and the outer side of the steel connector 2 is flush with the outer side of the steel arch frame 1.

[0059] By setting the outer side of the steel connector 2 to be flush with the outer side of the steel arch frame 1, the steel arch frame 1 can support the surrounding rock of the tunnel, while the steel connector 2 can also support the surrounding rock of the tunnel, thus preventing settlement of the surrounding rock area between the two steel arch frames 1 and increasing the support effect.

[0060] Please refer to this carefully. Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 In the fifth embodiment of the present invention, the fixing structure 3 includes a constraint slider 301, a bolt hole 302, a through hole 303, and a fixing screw 304. The constraint slider 301 is fixedly connected to the end face of the steel connector 2. The constraint slider 301 is slidably inserted into the groove on the steel arch frame 1. The bolt hole 302 is opened on the constraint slider 301. The through hole 303 is opened on the inner side of the steel arch frame 1. The fixing screw 304 passes through the through hole 303 and is inserted into the bolt hole 302. The fixing screw 304 is threadedly engaged with the bolt hole 302.

[0061] By setting the constraint slider 301, the steel connector 2 can support the surrounding rock of the tunnel, while enabling workers to quickly set the steel connector 2 between two adjacent steel arch frames 1, making it convenient for workers to fix the steel arch frame 1 and the steel connector 2.

[0062] The steel arch frame 1 and the steel connector 2 are fixed together by bolt holes 302, through holes 303 and fixing screws 304. Fewer fixing screws 304 are used, making installation easier and faster.

[0063] By placing the through hole 303 and the fixing screw 304 on the inner side of the steel arch frame 1, the operating space is made larger and the operation is easier.

[0064] During installation, the constraint slider 301 is inserted into the vertical section of the slide groove on the steel arch frame 1. Then, the steel arch frame 1 is fixed on the ground inside the tunnel. Next, the steel connector 2 is moved along the slide groove on the steel arch frame 1. When the steel connector 2 reaches the installation position, the bolt hole 302 is aligned with the through hole 303. Then, the fixing screw 304 is installed in the through hole 303 and the fixing screw 304 to achieve the purpose of fixing the steel arch frame 1 and the steel connector 2 together.

[0065] Please refer to this carefully. Figure 9 and Figure 10 In the sixth embodiment of the present invention, a reinforcing structure 7 is installed in the groove on the upper side of the steel connector 2. The reinforcing structure 7 includes a reinforcing strip 701 and an anti-slip protrusion 702. The reinforcing strip 701 is movably inserted into the groove on the upper side of the steel connector 2. The anti-slip protrusion 702 is fixedly connected to the surface of the reinforcing strip 701 away from the steel connector 2. There are multiple anti-slip protrusions 702, and the multiple anti-slip protrusions 702 are evenly distributed on the surface of the reinforcing strip 701.

[0066] The anti-slip protrusion 702 increases the resistance between the reinforcing strip 701 and the surrounding rock, so that the surrounding rock in contact with the anti-slip protrusion 702 is subject to greater restraint, thus preventing the surrounding rock from sliding and settling.

[0067] Please refer to this carefully. Figure 9 , Figure 11 , Figure 12 and Figure 13In the seventh embodiment of the present invention, the steel connector 2 is provided with a compensation mechanism 8. The compensation mechanism 8 includes a positioning groove 801, a displacement sliding hole 803, a fixing block 804, and a U-shaped fastener 811. The positioning groove 801 is formed on the surface of the reinforcing strip 701 away from the anti-slip protrusion 702. Five right-angled inclined blocks 802 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the positioning groove 801. The displacement sliding hole 803 is formed on the inner side wall of the steel connector 2. Two grooves on the steel connector 2 are connected through the displacement sliding hole 803. The fixing block 804 is fixedly installed in another groove on the steel connector 2. A compensation screw 805 is movably inserted into the fixing block 804. Five compensation sliders 806 are threaded onto the outside of the compensation screw 805. A displacement slider 807 is fixedly connected to the upper side of 806. The other end of the displacement slider 807 passes through the displacement sliding hole 803 and is fixedly connected to a force-applying slider 808. The force-applying slider 808 is slidably inserted into the positioning slide groove 801. A force-applying inclined surface 809 is provided at a corner of the force-applying slider 808. The force-applying inclined surface 809 is slidably connected to the inclined surface on the right-angle inclined surface block 802. A driven bevel gear 810 is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the compensating screw 805. A U-shaped fastener 811 is fixedly connected to the surface of the steel connector 2 away from the reinforcing strip 701. A drive bolt 812 is rotatably inserted into the U-shaped fastener 811. A drive bevel gear 813 is fixedly connected to the end of the drive bolt 812. The drive bevel gear 813 meshes with the driven bevel gear 810.

[0068] By rotating the drive bolt 812, the drive bolt 812 drives the compensating screw 805 to rotate through the meshing action between the drive bevel gear 813 and the driven bevel gear 810. Then, under the action of the threaded engagement between the compensating slider 806 and the compensating screw 805, the force-applying slider 808 moves towards the direction of the right-angle inclined block 802 through the displacement slider 807. Then, the force-applying inclined surface 809 applies a lifting force to the positioning groove 801 through the inclined surface on the right-angle inclined block 802. After that, the positioning groove 801 moves upward with the reinforcing strip 701, and then the reinforcing strip 701 moves upward with the anti-slip protrusion 702. This is used to increase the support force of the reinforcing strip 701 on the surrounding rock and also to increase the constraint force applied by the anti-slip protrusion 702 to the surrounding rock.

[0069] Please refer to this carefully. Figure 14 and Figure 15 In the eighth embodiment of the present invention, a short vertical section is provided at the end of the steel arch frame 1, and a pre-tightening structure 9 is provided at the end of the steel arch frame 1. The pre-tightening structure 9 includes a load-bearing plate 901, and two load-bearing arms 902 are welded to the top surface of the load-bearing plate 901. The two load-bearing arms 902 are respectively slidably inserted into two grooves on the steel arch frame 1. A pre-tightening hydraulic cylinder 903 located between the two load-bearing arms 902 is fixedly installed on the top surface of the load-bearing plate 901, and the top surface of the pre-tightening hydraulic cylinder 903 abuts against the end face of the steel arch frame 1.

[0070] The steel arch frame 1 is driven to move upward by the pre-tightening hydraulic cylinder 903, so that the steel arch frame 1 and the steel connecting piece 2 are pressed against the surrounding rock, thereby enabling the three-dimensional rigid arch frame structure to provide support for the surrounding rock after installation, and the support effect is better.

[0071] By controlling the extension of the pre-tightening hydraulic cylinder 903, the load-bearing plate 901 is moved away from the steel arch frame 1, thereby causing the steel arch frame 1 to rise.

[0072] Please refer to this carefully. Figure 15 In the ninth embodiment of the present invention, a locking bolt 904 is inserted through the load-bearing arm 902. The locking bolt 904 is threadedly engaged with the load-bearing arm 902, and the end of the locking bolt 904 is adapted to the inner wall of the steel arch frame 1.

[0073] The load-bearing arm 902 is fixed relative to the steel arch frame 1 by locking bolt 904, so the pre-tightening hydraulic cylinder 903 does not need to work all the time.

[0074] Please refer to this carefully. Figure 15 In the tenth embodiment of the present invention, positioning grooves 905 are provided on two surfaces of the two load-bearing arms 902 that are close to each other. Positioning sliders 906 are slidably inserted into the positioning grooves 905. Locking bolts 904 are rotatably inserted into the positioning sliders 906. Multiple equally spaced interlocking moving teeth 907 are connected to the other side of the positioning sliders 906. Multiple interlocking tooth grooves 908 are provided on the inner side of the steel arch frame 1. The interlocking moving teeth 907 are adapted to the interlocking tooth grooves 908.

[0075] Through the interlocking action of the moving tooth 907 and the tooth groove 908, the position of the load-bearing arm 902 relative to the steel arch frame 1 is made more stable, ensuring that the load-bearing arm 902 will not slide relative to the steel arch frame 1, thereby enabling the three-dimensional rigid arch frame structure to stably provide support for the surrounding rock.

[0076] During operation, rotating the locking bolt 904 causes it to move into the gap between the two load-bearing arms 902 due to the threaded engagement between the bolt and the load-bearing arm 902. Then, the locking bolt 904 moves synchronously with the engaging moving tooth 907 via the positioning slider 906. The engaging moving tooth 907 then inserts into the corresponding engaging tooth groove 908. Subsequently, the position of the load-bearing plate 901 relative to the steel arch frame 1 remains fixed due to the interlocking action between the engaging moving tooth 907 and the engaging tooth groove 908 and the interlocking action between the positioning slider 906 and the positioning groove 905, ensuring that the three-dimensional rigid arch frame structure provides stable support for the surrounding rock.

[0077] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional rigid arch frame structure for preventing local settlement and collapse of initial support, comprising multiple steel arch frames (1) installed along the tunnel extension direction, characterized in that: Multiple steel connectors (2) are installed between two adjacent steel arch frames (1) through a fixing structure (3). The multiple steel connectors (2) are distributed at equal distances along the extension direction of the steel arch frame (1). The end faces of the steel arch frame (1) and the steel connectors (2) are both I-shaped. Two grooves are formed on both the steel arch frame (1) and the steel connectors (2). A reinforcing structure (7) is installed in the groove on the upper side of the steel connector (2). The reinforcing structure (7) includes a reinforcing strip (701) and an anti-slip protrusion (702). The reinforcing strip (701) is movably inserted into the groove on the upper side of the steel connector (2). The anti-slip protrusion (702) is fixedly connected to the surface of the reinforcing strip (701) away from the steel connector (2). There are multiple anti-slip protrusions (702), and the multiple anti-slip protrusions (702) are evenly distributed on the surface of the reinforcing strip (701). The steel connector (2) is provided with a compensation mechanism (8) inside. The compensation mechanism (8) includes a positioning groove (801), a displacement sliding hole (803), a fixing block (804), and a U-shaped fastener (811). The positioning groove (801) is opened on the surface of the reinforcing strip (701) away from the anti-slip protrusion (702). Five right-angled inclined blocks (802) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the positioning groove (801). The displacement sliding hole (803) is opened on the inner side wall of the steel connector (2). Two grooves on the steel connector (2) are connected through the displacement sliding hole (803). The fixing block (804) is fixedly installed in another groove on the steel connector (2). A compensation screw (805) is movably inserted inside the fixing block (804). Five compensation sliders (806) are threaded onto the outside of the compensation screw (805). A displacement slide bar (807) is fixedly connected to the upper side. The other end of the displacement slide bar (807) passes through the displacement slide hole (803) and is fixedly connected to a force-applying slider (808). The force-applying slider (808) is slidably inserted into the positioning slide groove (801). A force-applying inclined surface (809) is provided at a corner of the force-applying slider (808). The force-applying inclined surface (809) is slidably connected to the inclined surface on the right-angle inclined surface block (802). A driven bevel gear (810) is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the compensation screw (805). A U-shaped fastener (811) is fixedly connected to the surface of the steel connector (2) away from the reinforcing strip (701). A drive bolt (812) is rotatably inserted into the U-shaped fastener (811). A drive bevel gear (813) is fixedly connected to the end of the drive bolt (812). The drive bevel gear (813) meshes with the driven bevel gear (810).

2. The three-dimensional rigid arch frame structure for preventing local settlement and collapse of the initial support according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end of the steel connector (2) is movably inserted into the groove on the steel arch frame (1).

3. A three-dimensional rigid arch frame structure for preventing local settlement and collapse of initial support according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fixed structure (3) is a weld, and the steel arch frame (1) and the steel connecting piece (2) are fixedly connected by the weld.

4. A three-dimensional rigid arch frame structure for preventing local settlement and collapse of initial support according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fixing structure (3) includes a metal plate (4), a bolt body (5) and a screw hole (6). The metal plate (4) is welded to the end of the steel connector (2). The side of the metal plate (4) away from the steel connector (2) is in contact with the inner wall of the steel arch frame (1). The bolt body (5) is movably inserted into the metal plate (4). The screw hole (6) is opened on the inner wall of the steel arch frame (1). The bolt body (5) is inserted into the screw hole (6) and the two are threaded together.

5. A three-dimensional rigid arch frame structure for preventing local settlement and collapse of initial support according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end face of the steel connector (2) is in contact with the side of the steel arch frame (1), and the outer side of the steel connector (2) is flush with the outer side of the steel arch frame (1).

6. A three-dimensional rigid arch frame structure for preventing local settlement and collapse of initial support according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fixing structure (3) includes a constraint slider (301), a bolt hole (302), a through hole (303), and a fixing screw (304). The constraint slider (301) is fixedly connected to the end face of the steel connector (2). The constraint slider (301) is slidably inserted into the groove on the steel arch frame (1). The bolt hole (302) is opened on the constraint slider (301). The through hole (303) is opened on the inner side of the steel arch frame (1). The fixing screw (304) passes through the through hole (303) and is inserted into the bolt hole (302). The fixing screw (304) is threadedly engaged with the bolt hole (302).

7. A three-dimensional rigid arch frame structure for preventing local settlement and collapse of initial support according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: The steel arch frame (1) is provided with a pre-tightening structure (9) at its end. The pre-tightening structure (9) includes a load-bearing plate (901). Two load-bearing arms (902) are welded to the top surface of the load-bearing plate (901). The two load-bearing arms (902) are slidably inserted into two grooves on the steel arch frame (1). A pre-tightening hydraulic cylinder (903) is fixedly installed on the top surface of the load-bearing plate (901) between the two load-bearing arms (902). The top surface of the pre-tightening hydraulic cylinder (903) abuts against the end face of the steel arch frame (1).

8. A three-dimensional rigid arch frame structure for preventing local settlement and collapse of initial support according to claim 7, characterized in that: A locking bolt (904) is inserted on the load-bearing arm (902). The locking bolt (904) is threaded with the load-bearing arm (902), and the end of the locking bolt (904) is adapted to the inner wall of the steel arch frame (1). Positioning grooves (905) are provided on the two close surfaces of the two load-bearing arms (902). Positioning sliders (906) are slidably inserted into the positioning grooves (905). Locking bolts (904) are rotatably inserted into the positioning sliders (906). Multiple equally spaced interlocking moving teeth (907) are connected to the other side of the positioning sliders (906). Multiple interlocking tooth grooves (908) are provided on the inner side of the steel arch frame (1). The interlocking moving teeth (907) are adapted to the interlocking tooth grooves (908).

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