Coaxial type pressure and suction integrated ventilation system and ventilation method for limited space

Abstract

The application provides a coaxial type pressure and suction integrated ventilation system and method for a limited space, relates to the technical field of intelligent ventilation safety space of the limited space, and the system comprises a geometric variable air distributor, a reinforced curtain air diffuser, an outer layer suction pipeline, an inner layer pressure pipeline, a pressure air compressor, a sealing cover and an air extractor; the inner layer pressure pipeline is coaxially arranged with the outer layer suction pipeline, the outer layer suction pipeline contains the inner layer pressure pipeline, one end of the inner layer pressure pipeline is communicated with an output pipe of the pressure air compressor, and the other end of the inner layer pressure pipeline is connected with the geometric variable air distributor; the system adopts a pressure-in type air cover structure, fresh air is supplied in the inner layer, and polluted air is sucked out in the outer layer, so that a positive pressure environment is formed. Through closed loop control cooperation, the control system ensures that ventilation dynamically adapts to environmental changes and is suitable for various scenes, such as factory storage tanks or underground pipeline maintenance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of intelligent ventilation and safe space technology for confined spaces, and in particular to a coaxial integrated pressure-extraction ventilation system and ventilation method for confined spaces. Background Technology

[0002] In confined space operations such as storage tanks, underground pipelines, and mines, traditional ventilation systems generally employ a fixed airflow design. Their single forced-in or extracted modes are insufficient to create a stable positive pressure environment: forced-in systems are prone to residual pollutants, leading to the accumulation of toxic gases (such as hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, and methane), while extracted systems may create negative pressure zones, causing backflow of external pollutants. Simultaneously, the system lacks dynamic response capabilities and cannot adjust the airflow according to real-time changes in environmental parameters (gas concentration, temperature, humidity, etc.), potentially threatening personnel safety due to insufficient ventilation or wasting energy due to excessive ventilation. Furthermore, existing technologies rely on manual experience or simple threshold control, resulting in insufficient accuracy in predicting wind speed in the breathing zone of workers, especially under complex conditions involving nonlinearity and multivariate coupling; their air distribution devices are structurally rigid, unable to flexibly adjust the radial / axial airflow distribution ratio, and have weak air curtain protection and limited pollutant isolation effectiveness. Despite attempts to introduce variable frequency control into intelligent ventilation technology, key bottlenecks remain: low reliability of prediction models (based on linear rules or shallow neural networks, they are difficult to adapt to dynamic environments), and poor coordination between intake and exhaust equipment (independent operation leads to airflow path conflicts and low replacement efficiency). Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a coaxial integrated pressure-extraction ventilation system and method for confined spaces. By real-time monitoring of environmental parameters (such as hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, methane, temperature, and humidity), a genetic neural network algorithm predicts the wind speed at the breathing point of workers, and a PID controller enables real-time variable frequency ventilation, ensuring the monitored wind speed closely approximates the predicted value. Furthermore, the system employs a pressure-injection hood structure, comprising three core components: a geometrically variable air distributor, a reinforced air curtain diffuser, and an axial channel, along with an integrated pressure-extraction coaxial duct design. The inner layer supplies fresh air, while the outer layer extracts contaminated air, creating a positive pressure environment. The control system, through closed-loop control coordination, ensures that ventilation dynamically adapts to environmental changes, making it suitable for various scenarios, such as factory storage tank or underground pipeline maintenance. Specifically, it includes:

[0004] A coaxial integrated compression and extraction ventilation system for confined spaces includes: a geometrically variable air distributor, an enhanced curtain diffuser, an outer exhaust duct, an inner compressed air duct, an air compressor, a sealing cover, and an exhaust fan.

[0005] The air compressor and the air pump are located outside the confined space;

[0006] The compressor's output pipe is enclosed by the sealing cover, one end of which is mounted on the compressor's outer casing, and the other end of which is connected to the outer exhaust pipe.

[0007] The suction pipe of the air extractor is connected to the sealing cover through a three-way pipe;

[0008] The inner compressed air pipe and the outer exhaust pipe are coaxially arranged. The outer exhaust pipe encloses the inner compressed air pipe. One end of the inner compressed air pipe is connected to the output pipe of the compressor, and the other end of the inner compressed air pipe is connected to the geometrically variable air distributor.

[0009] The geometrically variable air distributor is installed inside the enhanced curtain diffuser, which extends into a confined space.

[0010] The outer exhaust duct extends into the confined space away from the sealing cover;

[0011] The output end of the enhanced curtain diffuser protrudes from the exhaust end of the outer exhaust duct.

[0012] Among them, the geometrically variable air distributor supports adjusting the distribution ratio of radial airflow and axial airflow.

[0013] Optionally, the geometrically variable air distributor includes: an outer cage and an inner cage arranged coaxially, wherein the axis of the inner cage is mounted on the axis of the outer cage via a bearing, and the inner cage supports rotation within the outer cage;

[0014] When the inner cage rotates, the ratio of the axial air outlet area to the radial air outlet area of ​​the geometrically variable air distributor changes accordingly.

[0015] Optionally,

[0016] The outer cage includes an outer cover and a mounting column tube. The outer cover is cylindrical and has a cylindrical storage space inside. The outer cover is installed inside a reinforced curtain diffuser, and the airflow output from the outer cover is discharged through the reinforced curtain diffuser.

[0017] Multiple axial air outlets are provided on one side of the circular end face of the outer cover. The multiple axial air outlets are evenly arrayed around the center of the circular end face at their respective positions. The axial air outlets are arranged in a fan shape, and the opening of the axial air outlets gradually increases from the center of the circular end face to the edge of the circular end face.

[0018] Multiple radial air outlets are provided on the side wall of the outer cover, and the multiple radial air outlets are evenly distributed on the side wall of the outer cover.

[0019] The mounting column connects the geometrically variable air distributor and the inner compressed air pipeline; the diameter of the mounting column is smaller than the diameter of the outer cover, and the mounting column is located on the side of the outer cover away from the axial air outlet;

[0020] The inner cage is installed within the storage space of the outer cover. The inner cage is an open-top cylindrical structure. The center of the circular end face of the inner cage is mounted on the center of the circular end face of the outer cover via a bearing.

[0021] The layout of the axial air outlets on the circular end face of the inner cage is the same as the layout of the axial air outlets on the circular end face of the outer cover.

[0022] The layout of the radial air outlets on the side wall of the inner cage is the same as the layout of the radial air outlets on the outer cover.

[0023] Optionally,

[0024] The outer casing structure between any two adjacent radial air outlets can completely block one radial air outlet.

[0025] The outer casing structure between any two adjacent axial air outlets can completely block one axial air outlet.

[0026] Optionally, an arc-shaped channel is provided on the end face of the outer cover opposite to the axial air outlet;

[0027] The inner cage is provided with a mounting plate on the end face away from the axial air outlet, and bolt holes are provided on the mounting plate;

[0028] When the inner cage is assembled into the storage space of the outer cage, the bolts pass through the arc-shaped channel and the bolt holes on the mounting plate for connection.

[0029] When adjusting the ratio of the open area of ​​the radial air outlet to the open area ratio of the radial air outlet, loosening the bolt will cause the inner cage to rotate.

[0030] When the ratio of the open area of ​​the radial air outlet to the open area of ​​the radial air outlet reaches the preset requirement, tighten the bolts to fix the position of the inner cage relative to the outer cage.

[0031] Optionally, the enhanced curtain diffuser includes: a coaxially arranged outer shell and a central channel shell.

[0032] The outer shell is arranged in the form of a round-square gradually transitioning frustum, and the diameter of the circular port of the outer shell is less than the length of the square port of the outer shell.

[0033] The intermediate channel housing is arranged in the form of a round-to-square tapered frustum, and the diameter of the circular port of the intermediate channel housing is less than the length of the square port of the intermediate channel.

[0034] The intermediate channel is located inside the outer casing, and the square port of the intermediate channel housing is on the same plane as the directional port of the outer casing.

[0035] The length of the square port of the intermediate channel housing is less than the length of the square port of the outer shell. A Laval-like nozzle is arranged circumferentially between the square port of the intermediate channel housing and the square port of the outer shell. The Laval-like nozzle is used to transmit radial airflow.

[0036] The height of the intermediate channel housing is less than the height of the outer shell, and the outer cover is installed between the circular port of the outer shell and the circular port of the intermediate channel housing;

[0037] The circular end face of the outer cover is connected to the circular end hole of the intermediate channel housing, and the inner cavity of the intermediate channel housing is used to transmit axial airflow.

[0038] Optionally, the outer exhaust duct and the inner compressed air duct are flexible ducts;

[0039] An air guide platform is provided at the end of the outer exhaust duct away from the sealing cover, and the opening diameter of the side of the air guide platform away from the outer exhaust duct is greater than the diameter of the outer exhaust duct.

[0040] A coaxial pressure-extraction integrated ventilation method for confined spaces, comprising the aforementioned ventilation system, and further comprising:

[0041] S1. Construct a ventilation system within a limited space, deploy a sensor group within the limited space, and obtain environmental parameters based on the sensor group;

[0042] S2. Based on environmental parameters, combined with genetic neural network and genetic algorithm to optimize neural network weights, and through training to learn the optimal wind speed in different scenarios, predict the required wind speed at the breathing point of the workers.

[0043] S3. Based on the actual wind speed at the breathing point of the operator, the coaxial pressure-extraction integrated ventilation system is used to ensure that the wind speed at the breathing point of the operator reaches the required wind speed.

[0044] Optionally, the environmental parameters in S1 include:

[0045] The concentration, temperature, and humidity of harmful gases within a confined space, wherein the harmful gases include hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, and methane.

[0046] The above technical solution has at least the following advantages compared with the existing technology:

[0047] This invention focuses on intelligent ventilation and safe space creation technology for the management of toxic gases in confined spaces. The system monitors real-time environmental parameters (such as hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, methane, temperature, and humidity), uses a genetic neural network algorithm to predict the wind speed at the breathing point of workers, and implements real-time variable frequency ventilation through a PID controller, ensuring that the monitored wind speed closely approximates the predicted value. This technology is suitable for various scenarios, such as factories, mines, or underground spaces, aiming to improve safety and efficiency.

[0048] This invention employs an air curtain generating device based on a Laval nozzle to generate an enhanced air curtain, thereby producing an air bag composed of fresh air to prevent the accumulation of toxic gases in confined spaces and create a safe confined space. At the same time, this invention uses an integrated pressure and extraction sleeve to achieve efficient replacement of toxic gases, and uses intelligent control technology to assist in variable frequency ventilation, realizing dynamic regulation of the required air volume. Attached Figure Description

[0049] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0050] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention used in a limited space.

[0051] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure and a schematic diagram of the geometrically variable air distributor according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the geometrically variable air distributor according to one embodiment of the present invention from two different perspectives.

[0053] Figure 4 This is a split schematic diagram of a geometrically variable air distributor according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a partial cross-section of one embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 6 This is a partial three-dimensional cross-sectional schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, showing the outer exhaust duct and the inner compressed air duct structure.

[0056] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an enhanced air curtain diffuser according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the adjustment of a geometrically variable air distributor according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0058] Figure label:

[0059] 1. Variable geometry air distributor; 11. Outer cage; 12. Inner cage; 111. Outer cover; 112. Mounting column; 113. Arc-shaped duct; 12. Inner cage; 13. Bearing; 14. Bolt; A. Axial air outlet; B. Radial air outlet;

[0060] 2. Reinforced air curtain diffuser; 21. Outer shell; 22. Intermediate channel shell; 23. Laval-like nozzle;

[0061] 3. Outer exhaust duct;

[0062] 4. Inner layer compressed air pipeline;

[0063] 5. Compressor; 51. Output pipe;

[0064] 6. Sealing cover;

[0065] 7. Vacuum pump; 71. Vacuum pipe;

[0066] 8. Air guide platform. Detailed Implementation

[0067] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0068] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms “first,” “second,” and similar terms used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Similarly, the terms “an,” “a,” or “the,” and similar terms do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the presence of at least one. The terms “comprising,” “including,” or “including,” and similar terms mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the element or object listed following the word and its equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. The terms “connected,” “linked,” or “connected,” and similar terms are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect.

[0069] This invention aims to address the limitations of traditional ventilation systems in dealing with the accumulation of toxic gases in complex environments. The system monitors environmental parameters (such as hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, methane, temperature, and humidity) in real time, uses a genetic neural network algorithm to predict the wind speed at the breathing point of workers, and implements real-time variable frequency ventilation through a PID controller, ensuring the monitored wind speed closely approximates the predicted value. Furthermore, the system employs a forced-inlet hood structure, comprising three core components: a geometrically variable air distributor 1, a reinforced air curtain diffuser 2, and an axial channel, along with an integrated coaxial air duct design that supplies fresh air to the inner layer and extracts contaminated air from the outer layer, creating a positive pressure environment. The control system, through closed-loop control collaboration, ensures that ventilation dynamically adapts to environmental changes, making it suitable for various scenarios, such as factory storage tank or underground pipeline maintenance. Specifically, this invention includes:

[0070] The present invention provides a coaxial integrated pressure-extraction ventilation system for confined spaces, comprising: a geometrically variable air distributor 1, an enhanced curtain diffuser, an outer exhaust duct 3, an inner compressed air duct 4, an air compressor 5, a sealing cover 6, and an exhaust fan 7; the air compressor 5 and the exhaust fan 7 are disposed outside the confined space; the output pipe 51 of the air compressor 5 is contained within the sealing cover 6, one end of the sealing cover 6 is mounted on the outer shell of the air compressor 5, and the other end of the sealing cover 6 is connected to the outer exhaust duct 3; the exhaust pipe 71 of the exhaust fan 7 is connected to the sealing cover 6 via a T-junction pipe;

[0071] The inner compressed air duct 4 and the outer exhaust duct 3 are coaxially arranged, and the outer exhaust duct 3 encloses the inner compressed air duct 4. One end of the inner compressed air duct 4 is connected to the output pipe 51 of the compressor 5, and the other end of the inner compressed air duct 4 is connected to the geometrically variable air distributor 1. The geometrically variable air distributor 1 is installed inside the enhanced curtain diffuser, which extends into the confined space. The outer exhaust duct 3 extends into the confined space away from the sealing cover 6. The output end of the enhanced curtain diffuser protrudes from the exhaust end of the outer exhaust duct 3. The geometrically variable air distributor 1 supports adjustment of the radial airflow and axial airflow distribution ratio.

[0072] In one specific implementation, the geometrically variable air distributor 1 includes an outer cage 11 and an inner cage 1212 coaxially arranged. The axis of the inner cage 1212 is mounted on the axis of the outer cage 11 via a bearing 13, and the inner cage 1212 is supported to rotate within the outer cage 11. When the inner cage 1212 rotates, the ratio of the axial air outlet A area to the radial air outlet B area of ​​the geometrically variable air distributor 1 changes accordingly.

[0073] The outer cage 11 includes an outer cover 111 and a mounting column 112 tube. The outer cover 111 is cylindrical and has a cylindrical storage space inside. The outer cover 111 is installed inside a reinforced curtain diffuser, and the airflow output from the outer cover 111 is discharged through the reinforced curtain diffuser. Multiple axial air outlets A are provided on a circular end face of one side of the outer cover 111. The multiple axial air outlets A are evenly arranged in a circumferential array around the center of the circular end face at their respective locations, and the axial air outlets A are arranged in a fan shape. From the center of the circular end face to the edge of the circular end face, the opening of the axial air outlet A gradually increases in size; multiple radial air outlets B are provided on the side wall of the outer cover 111, and the multiple radial air outlets B are evenly distributed on the side wall of the outer cover 111; the mounting column 112 pipe connects the geometrically variable air distributor 1 and the inner compressed air pipe 4; the diameter of the mounting column 112 pipe is smaller than the diameter of the outer cover 111, and the mounting column 112 pipe is located on the side of the outer cover 111 away from the axial air outlet A.

[0074] The inner cage 1212 is installed within the containment space of the outer cover 111. The inner cage 1212 is an open-top cylindrical structure. The center of the circular end face of the inner cage 1212 is mounted on the center of the circular end face of the outer cover 111 via a bearing 13. The layout of the axial air inlets A on the circular end face of the inner cage 1212 is the same as that on the circular end face of the outer cover 111. The layout of the radial air inlets B on the side wall of the inner cage 1212 is the same as that on the outer cover 111. The structure of the outer cover 111 between any two adjacent radial air inlets B can completely block one radial air inlet B; the structure of the outer cover 111 between any two adjacent axial air inlets A can completely block one axial air inlet A. The structural distribution of the axial and radial air inlets on the outer and inner cages is exactly the same, so when the two rotate relative to each other, the air inlets can completely overlap. An arc-shaped channel 113 is provided on the end face of the outer cover 111 opposite to the axial air outlet A; an mounting plate is provided on the end face of the inner cage 1212 opposite to the axial air outlet A, and bolt holes 14 are provided on the mounting plate; when the inner cage 1212 is assembled in the storage space of the outer cage 11, the bolts 14 pass through the arc-shaped channel 113 and are connected to the bolt holes 14 on the mounting plate; when adjusting the ratio of the open area of ​​the radial air outlet to the open area of ​​the radial air outlet B, after loosening the bolts 14, the inner cage 1212 is driven to rotate; when the ratio of the open area of ​​the radial air outlet to the open area of ​​the radial air outlet B reaches the preset requirement, the bolts 14 are tightened, and the position of the inner cage 1212 relative to the outer cage 11 is fixed. In addition, the axial air outlets on the inner cage 1212 are concentrically arranged with multiple reinforcing ribs from the center of the circular end face to the end face. The axial air outlets on the outer cage 11 are not arranged, but reinforcing ribs are arranged at intervals between two adjacent axial air outlets on the outer cage 11. The arrangement is the same as the reinforcing rib design layout of the inner cage 1212.

[0075] Additionally, a scale can be installed on the side of the curved slide, for example:

[0076] (1) When bolt 14 slides down the arc-shaped slide to the position marked P1:

[0077] Bolt 14 drives the inner cage 1212 to rotate, so that the axial ventilation port of the inner cage 1212 is completely aligned with the axial ventilation port of the outer cage 11, and the gap between two adjacent radial ventilation ports of the inner cage 1212 completely blocks the radial ventilation port of the outer cage 11.

[0078] (2) When bolt 14 slides down the arc-shaped slide to the position marked P2:

[0079] Bolt 14 drives the inner cage 1212 to rotate, so that the axial ventilation opening of the outer cage 11 is blocked by one-quarter by the inner cage 1212, and the axial ventilation opening of the outer cage 11 is opened by one-quarter.

[0080] (3) When bolt 14 slides down the arc-shaped slide to the position marked P3:

[0081] Bolt 14 drives the inner cage 1212 to rotate, so that the axial ventilation opening of the outer cage 11 is blocked by half by the inner cage 1212, and the axial ventilation opening of the outer cage 11 is opened by half.

[0082] (4) When bolt 14 slides down the arc-shaped slide to the position marked P4:

[0083] Bolt 14 drives the inner cage 1212 to rotate, so that the axial ventilation opening of the outer cage 11 is blocked by three-quarters by the inner cage 1212, and the axial ventilation opening of the outer cage 11 is opened by three-quarters.

[0084] (5) When bolt 14 slides down the arc-shaped slide to the position marked P4:

[0085] Bolt 14 drives the inner cage 1212 to rotate, so that the axial ventilation opening of the outer cage 11 is completely blocked by the inner cage 1212, and the axial ventilation opening of the outer cage 11 is fully opened.

[0086] The geometrically variable air distributor 1 consists of an inner cage 1212, an outer cage 11, bearings 13, bolts 14, an arc-shaped slide rail, an axial air outlet A, a radial air outlet B, and a manual adjustment dial. This device allows for simultaneous adjustment of the airflow direction and the opening area of ​​the radial and axial exhaust ports by sliding the bolts 14 within the arc-shaped slide rail. Under constant ventilation conditions, the radial and axial airflow distribution ratio can be precisely adjusted by changing the knob position, thus adapting to diverse ventilation needs. The control knob and the inner wall of the inner cage 1212 are mechanically linked, and an optional electric actuator can be used for remote control. The air inlet and the compressor are rigidly connected to ensure stable airflow input; the inner and outer cages 11 employ a specially designed axial and radial opening structure to achieve airflow output in different directions, and relative rotation is achieved through the bearings 13. The adjustable opening mechanism allows for continuous adjustment of the outlet area in both horizontal and vertical directions, supporting both manual and automatic control modes. In manual mode, the outlet area can be directly adjusted via the dial; in automatic mode, the rotation angle of the inner cage 1212 can be remotely adjusted via the electric actuator. This innovative geometrically variable structural design gives the air distributor excellent adaptability to various operating conditions.

[0087] In one specific embodiment, the enhanced curtain diffuser includes: an outer shell 21 and an intermediate channel shell arranged coaxially.

[0088] The outer shell 21 is arranged in the form of a round-square gradient frustum, and the diameter of the round port of the outer shell 21 is less than the length of the square port of the outer shell 21; (specifically, the round-square gradient frustum is set with a round opening at one end and a square opening at the other end, and the connecting surface between the two openings is set with a lofted surface. In addition, the diameter of the circle is smaller than the length of the square, and the square opening faces the confined space to discharge air into the confined space.)

[0089] The intermediate channel housing is arranged in the form of a round-to-square tapered frustum, and the diameter of the circular port of the intermediate channel housing is less than the length of the square port of the intermediate channel.

[0090] The intermediate channel is located inside the outer casing, and the square port of the intermediate channel casing is on the same plane as the directional port of the outer casing 21;

[0091] The length of the square port of the intermediate channel housing is less than the length of the square port of the outer shell 21. A Laval-like nozzle 23 is arranged circumferentially between the square port of the intermediate channel housing and the square port of the outer shell 21. The Laval-like nozzle 23 is used to transmit radial airflow.

[0092] The height of the intermediate channel housing is less than the height of the outer shell 21, and the outer cover 111 is installed between the circular port of the outer shell 21 and the circular port of the intermediate channel housing;

[0093] The circular end face of the outer cover 111 is connected to the circular end hole of the intermediate channel housing, and the inner cavity of the intermediate channel housing is used to transmit axial airflow.

[0094] The enhanced air curtain diffuser 2 mainly consists of three parts: a Laval-like nozzle 23, a radial channel (the channel formed by the outer shell 21 and the intermediate channel shell), and an axial channel (the inner cavity of the intermediate channel shell). The Laval-like nozzle 23, as the core acceleration device, utilizes the radial exhaust ports of the geometrically variable air distributor 1 to provide airflow, forming a highly efficient protective air curtain through the radial channel. This nozzle includes three key components: a throat that acts as an airflow acceleration zone, enabling wind speeds to reach subsonic peak speeds; a nozzle body tightly connected to the diffuser to effectively prevent airflow leakage; and a rectangular outlet design to ensure stable connection with the air curtain system. The axial channel system is responsible for maintaining air quality in the workspace, with its airflow primarily provided by the axial exhaust ports of the geometrically variable air distributor 1. This device is optimized for low-pressure operating conditions of industrial fans, acquiring and accelerating airflow through the hood outlet to provide power support for the air curtain system. Four surrounding air curtains constitute a complete isolation system, achieving reliable protection through the high-speed airflow generated by the nozzles and precise guiding design. The system integrates the air supply port of the hood with the forced air duct through a pipeline connection to achieve a stable delivery of clean airflow.

[0095] In one specific embodiment, the outer exhaust duct 3 and the inner compressed air duct 4 are flexible ducts; an air guide platform 8 is provided at the end of the outer exhaust duct 3 away from the sealing cover 6, and the opening diameter of the side of the air guide platform 8 away from the outer exhaust duct is greater than the diameter of the outer exhaust duct 3.

[0096] In this invention, the path for delivering fresh air to the confined space via the compressor 5 is: the output pipe 51 of the compressor 5 - the inner layer compressor pipe 4 - the geometrically variable air distributor 1 - the enhanced curtain diffuser; the path for discharging contaminated air to the outside via the exhaust fan 7 is: the air guide platform 8 - the outer layer exhaust pipe 3 - the sealing cover 6 - the exhaust pipe 71 of the compressor 5.

[0097] This device is an integrated extraction and pressurization system. Fresh air is supplied through the inner compressed air duct 4, and sludge is exhausted through the outer exhaust duct 3. Both can operate simultaneously, forming an integrated extraction and pressurization system through a coaxial design. This saves costs and improves ventilation efficiency. Connections must ensure stable airflow. All inner ducts are primarily connected to the forced-in fan, while all outer ducts are connected to the exhaust fan. The inner compressed air duct 4 is flexible: it draws in fresh air from the external forced-in fan, enhances the curtain diffuser, and delivers fresh air to the confined space. Furthermore, the flexible design of the inner compressed air duct 4 allows for extension, enabling it to be extended into various corners of the confined space. While the outer exhaust duct 3 is also flexible, its length does not need to be longer than the inner compressed air duct 4; it only needs to be inserted into the confined space for exhaust. Additionally, because the inner compressed air duct 4 can be extended, it can be positioned according to the specific location of personnel in the confined space, directing fresh air towards them and preventing exposure to harmful gases.

[0098] The device of the present invention is applicable to intelligent ventilation and safe space creation methods in multiple scenarios. In a second aspect, the present invention provides a coaxial pressure-extraction integrated ventilation method for confined spaces, including the aforementioned ventilation system, and further comprising:

[0099] S1. Construct a ventilation system within a limited space, deploy a sensor group within the limited space, and obtain environmental parameters based on the sensor group;

[0100] Environmental parameters include:

[0101] The concentration, temperature, and humidity of harmful gases within a confined space, wherein the harmful gases include hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, and methane.

[0102] The sensor module includes detectors for hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, and methane gases, as well as sensors for temperature, humidity, and wind speed. These devices are deployed within a confined space to monitor environmental parameters in real time. The monitoring data is transmitted to the control system in real time via wired or wireless transmission, providing operators with a basis for safety assurance and comfort assessment.

[0103] S2. Based on environmental parameters, combined with genetic neural network and genetic algorithm to optimize neural network weights, and through training to learn the optimal wind speed in different scenarios, predict the required wind speed at the breathing point of the workers.

[0104] In this step, the required wind speed at the predicted point can be obtained by combining the relevant control algorithms in the intelligent ventilation control system for tunnel faces based on mobile environmental monitoring devices, which is based on existing technology application number 202211178462.3.

[0105] S3. Based on the actual wind speed at the breathing point of the operator, the coaxial pressure-extraction integrated ventilation system is used to ensure that the wind speed at the breathing point of the operator reaches the required wind speed.

[0106] A prediction model based on a genetic neural network algorithm is used to determine the wind speed required for workers' breathing points. This model integrates genetic algorithms and neural network technology, optimizing network weight parameters to achieve accurate predictions of the optimal wind speed under different working conditions. During model construction, the system uses environmental parameters collected by sensors as input variables, including key indicators such as gas concentration, temperature, and humidity. After processing by the neural network, the predicted wind speed value is output. Through comprehensive analysis of multi-dimensional environmental factors, this model can effectively improve the accuracy and reliability of wind speed prediction.

[0107] The ventilation system is optimized through an advanced control system comprising two core modules: a PID-based wind speed regulation system that adjusts fan speed in real time to accurately track predicted values; and integrated variable frequency control technology that precisely regulates fan speed, improving response speed and reducing energy consumption for efficient and energy-saving operation. The PID-based wind speed regulation follows the relevant control algorithm in the existing technology application (application number 202211178462.3) for an intelligent ventilation control system for tunnel faces based on a mobile environmental monitoring device.

[0108] This invention focuses on intelligent ventilation and safe space creation technology for the management of toxic gases in confined spaces. The system monitors real-time environmental parameters (such as hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, methane, temperature, and humidity), uses a genetic neural network algorithm to predict the wind speed at the breathing point of workers, and implements real-time variable frequency ventilation through a PID controller, ensuring that the monitored wind speed closely approximates the predicted value. This technology is suitable for various scenarios, such as factories, mines, or underground spaces, aiming to improve safety and efficiency.

[0109] This invention employs an air curtain generating device based on a Laval nozzle 23 to generate an enhanced air curtain, thereby producing an air bag composed of fresh air to prevent the accumulation of toxic gases in confined spaces and create a safe confined space. At the same time, this invention uses an integrated pressure and extraction sleeve to achieve efficient replacement of toxic gases, and uses intelligent control technology to assist in variable frequency ventilation, realizing dynamic regulation of the required air volume.

[0110] The following points need to be explained:

[0111] (1) The accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention only involve the structures involved in the embodiments of the present invention. Other structures can refer to the general design.

[0112] (2) For clarity, the thickness of layers or regions is enlarged or reduced in the drawings used to describe embodiments of the invention, i.e., these drawings are not drawn to scale. It is understood that when an element such as a layer, film, region or substrate is referred to as being “above” or “below” another element, the element may be “directly” located “above” or “below” the other element or there may be intermediate elements.

[0113] (3) Where there is no conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other to obtain new embodiments.

[0114] The above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. The scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A coaxial pressure-extraction integrated ventilation system for confined spaces, characterized in that, include: Geometrically variable air distributor, enhanced curtain diffuser, outer exhaust duct, inner compressed air duct, compressor, sealing cover and exhaust fan; The air compressor and the air pump are located outside the confined space; The compressor's output pipe is enclosed by the sealing cover, one end of which is mounted on the compressor's outer casing, and the other end of which is connected to the outer exhaust pipe. The suction pipe of the air extractor is connected to the sealing cover through a three-way pipe; The inner compressed air pipe and the outer exhaust pipe are coaxially arranged. The outer exhaust pipe encloses the inner compressed air pipe. One end of the inner compressed air pipe is connected to the output pipe of the compressor, and the other end of the inner compressed air pipe is connected to the geometrically variable air distributor. The geometrically variable air distributor is installed inside the enhanced curtain diffuser, which extends into a confined space. The outer exhaust duct extends into the confined space away from the sealing cover; The output end of the enhanced curtain diffuser protrudes from the exhaust end of the outer exhaust duct. Among them, the geometrically variable air distributor supports adjusting the distribution ratio of radial airflow and axial airflow; The geometrically variable air distributor includes an outer cage and an inner cage arranged coaxially, wherein the axis of the inner cage is mounted on the axis of the outer cage via a bearing, and the inner cage supports rotation within the outer cage. When the inner cage rotates, the ratio of the axial air outlet area to the radial air outlet area of ​​the geometrically variable air distributor changes accordingly. The outer cage includes an outer cover and a mounting column tube. The outer cover is cylindrical and has a cylindrical storage space inside. The outer cover is installed inside a reinforced curtain diffuser, and the airflow output from the outer cover is discharged through the reinforced curtain diffuser. Multiple axial air outlets are provided on one side of the circular end face of the outer cover. The multiple axial air outlets are evenly arrayed around the center of the circular end face at their respective positions. The axial air outlets are arranged in a fan shape, and the opening of the axial air outlets gradually increases from the center of the circular end face to the edge of the circular end face. Multiple radial air outlets are provided on the side wall of the outer cover, and the multiple radial air outlets are evenly distributed on the side wall of the outer cover. The mounting column connects the geometrically variable air distributor and the inner compressed air pipeline; the diameter of the mounting column is smaller than the diameter of the outer cover, and the mounting column is located on the side of the outer cover away from the axial air outlet. The inner cage is installed within the storage space of the outer cover. The inner cage is an open-top cylindrical structure. The center of the circular end face of the inner cage is mounted on the center of the circular end face of the outer cover via a bearing. The layout of the axial air outlets on the circular end face of the inner cage is the same as the layout of the axial air outlets on the circular end face of the outer cover. The layout of the radial air outlets on the side wall of the inner cage is the same as the layout of the radial air outlets on the outer cover.

2. The coaxial pressure-extraction integrated ventilation system for confined spaces according to claim 1, characterized in that, Its features are, The outer casing structure between any two adjacent radial air outlets can completely block one radial air outlet. The outer casing structure between any two adjacent axial air outlets can completely block one axial air outlet.

3. The coaxial pressure-extraction integrated ventilation system for confined spaces according to claim 2, characterized in that, An arc-shaped channel is provided on the end face of the outer cover away from the axial air outlet; The inner cage is provided with a mounting plate on the end face away from the axial air outlet, and bolt holes are provided on the mounting plate; When the inner cage is assembled into the storage space of the outer cage, the bolts pass through the arc-shaped channel and the bolt holes on the mounting plate for connection. When adjusting the ratio of the open area of ​​the radial air outlet to the open area ratio of the radial air outlet, loosening the bolt will cause the inner cage to rotate. When the ratio of the open area of ​​the radial air outlet to the open area of ​​the radial air outlet reaches the preset requirement, tighten the bolts to fix the position of the inner cage relative to the outer cage.

4. The coaxial pressure-extraction integrated ventilation system for confined spaces according to claim 3, characterized in that, The enhanced curtain diffuser includes: a coaxially arranged outer shell and a middle channel shell. The outer shell is arranged in the form of a round-square gradually transitioning frustum, and the diameter of the circular port of the outer shell is less than the length of the square port of the outer shell. The intermediate channel housing is arranged in the form of a round-to-square tapered frustum, and the diameter of the circular port of the intermediate channel housing is less than the length of the square port of the intermediate channel. The intermediate channel is located inside the outer casing, and the square port of the intermediate channel housing is on the same plane as the directional port of the outer casing. The length of the square port of the intermediate channel housing is less than the length of the square port of the outer shell. A Laval-like nozzle is arranged circumferentially between the square port of the intermediate channel housing and the square port of the outer shell. The Laval-like nozzle is used to transmit radial airflow. The height of the intermediate channel housing is less than the height of the outer shell, and the outer cover is installed between the circular port of the outer shell and the circular port of the intermediate channel housing; The circular end face of the outer cover is connected to the circular end hole of the intermediate channel housing, and the inner cavity of the intermediate channel housing is used to transmit axial airflow.

5. The coaxial pressure-extraction integrated ventilation system for confined spaces according to claim 4, characterized in that, The outer exhaust duct and the inner compressed air duct are flexible ducts; An air guide platform is provided at the end of the outer exhaust duct away from the sealing cover, and the opening diameter of the side of the air guide platform away from the outer exhaust duct is greater than the diameter of the outer exhaust duct.

6. A coaxial pressure-extraction integrated ventilation method for confined spaces, characterized in that, The ventilation system comprising any one of claims 1 to 5 further comprises: S1. Construct a ventilation system within a limited space, deploy a sensor group within the limited space, and obtain environmental parameters based on the sensor group; S2. Based on environmental parameters, combined with genetic neural network and genetic algorithm to optimize neural network weights, and through training to learn the optimal wind speed in different scenarios, predict the required wind speed at the breathing point of the workers. S3. Based on the actual wind speed at the breathing point of the operator, the coaxial pressure-extraction integrated ventilation system is used to ensure that the wind speed at the breathing point of the operator reaches the required wind speed.

7. The coaxial pressure-extraction integrated ventilation method for confined spaces according to claim 6, characterized in that, The environmental parameters in S1 include: The concentration, temperature, and humidity of harmful gases in a confined space, including hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, and methane.

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