Railway along the chain topology data link selection method based on internet of things equipment

Abstract

The application discloses a chain topology data link selection method based on railway line Internet of Things equipment, establishes a chain topology structure network, and initializes and sets nodes in the chain network, wherein the nodes store information of all other nodes in the signal coverage range of the nodes; after the nodes listen to a message, it is judged whether the node is a target node of the message according to a target address in the message, if yes, the message content is parsed and responded; if the node is not the target node but needs to forward the message, the message is directly forwarded to the target node by trying to establish communication with the target node; if the direct forwarding is unsuccessful, an optimal routing node is tried to be acquired, and the message is forwarded to the target node through the routing node. The method can improve the stability and reliability of the whole link communication.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of communication technology, and more specifically to a method for selecting chain-type topology data links based on Internet of Things (IoT) devices along railway lines. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of information technology, chain topology has been widely used in data transmission, network communication, and industrial automation. Chain topology, with its simple structure and ease of expansion, exhibits high efficiency and flexibility in processing logic. However, although the processing logic of chain topology is generally concise and clear—each node only needs to understand its own connection relationships with its superior and subordinate nodes—in practical applications, this topology still faces some significant potential faults, seriously affecting the stability and reliability of the device.

[0003] The main problem with chain topologies in practical applications lies in their structural fragility, especially in equipment along railway lines. If a node in the link fails—such as due to hardware damage, software errors, or network interruption—the entire link will "break down," preventing subsequent nodes from receiving data from upstream, and upstream nodes from transmitting data downstream. This single point of failure is particularly pronounced in chain topologies because each node plays a crucial role in connecting upstream and downstream processes. In real-world communication environments, signal instability and low device battery levels are also significant factors contributing to intermittent link failures. In wireless communication, weather changes, electromagnetic interference, and terrain can all affect signal stability, leading to data transmission interruptions or losses. In wired communication, aging lines and poor connections can also cause signal transmission problems. Furthermore, low device battery levels can lead to decreased device performance or even shutdown, further exacerbating link instability.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, while existing chain topologies have implemented measures to improve fault tolerance and stability, such as adding backup nodes and employing redundant communication lines, these methods often increase the complexity and cost of the device and cannot completely eliminate potential faults. Therefore, researching a data link selection method for chain topologies to improve the stability and reliability of the device has significant practical implications and broad application prospects. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a method for selecting data links in a chain topology based on IoT devices along railway lines, in order to solve the problems of poor signal stability and fault tolerance in existing chain topologies.

[0006] According to a first aspect, one embodiment provides a chain-based topology data link selection method based on IoT devices along a railway line, the method comprising:

[0007] Establish a chain-like topology network and initialize the nodes in the chain network, where each node stores information about all other nodes within its signal coverage area;

[0008] After a node receives a message, it first determines whether it is the target node of the message based on the target address in the message. If so, it parses the message content and responds.

[0009] If it is not the target node but needs to forward messages, it will skip the step-by-step transmission and try to establish communication directly with the target node to forward messages.

[0010] If direct forwarding fails, then try to obtain the optimal routing node and forward the message to the target node through the routing node.

[0011] Furthermore, the node stores information about all other nodes within its signal coverage area, specifically including:

[0012] When a new node joins the chain topology network for the first time, it acquires and stores information about all nodes within the signal coverage area of ​​the new node. This includes more nodes than directly connected neighboring nodes, or information about all nodes in the entire link.

[0013] Furthermore, when a node joins the chain topology network for the first time, it acquires and stores node information within its signal coverage area, specifically including:

[0014] The new node will send signals to its surroundings and listen for response signals or probe packets from other nodes;

[0015] The new node parses the detected response signals or backtracking probe signals to obtain the link status information between the current new node and other nodes within its coverage area, and obtains the neighboring nodes directly connected to the new node to establish link connection relationships, and establishes a neighboring node table, which includes the current node's parent node and the next-level node.

[0016] Furthermore, if it is not the target node but needs to forward messages, it will skip the hierarchical transmission and attempt to directly establish communication with the target node to forward messages. Specifically, this includes:

[0017] The node forwards the message directly to the target node. If the node successfully receives the response message from the target node, the message forwarding is successful.

[0018] Furthermore, if direct forwarding fails, an attempt is made to obtain the optimal routing node, specifically including:

[0019] Based on the current communication environment and link quality, the node dynamically selects the optimal routing node within the signal coverage area to transmit messages, aiming to maximize the transmission distance and minimize the number of hops.

[0020] Furthermore, the method also includes:

[0021] If a message is neither sent to itself nor requested to be forwarded by itself as a routing node, then the node does not need to take any action.

[0022] Furthermore, the method also includes:

[0023] If a node can hear messages sent by other nodes, it assumes that the node sending the message is within the current node's signal coverage area and dynamically updates its own signal coverage area based on the location of the node sending the message.

[0024] According to a second aspect, one embodiment provides a chain-type topology data link selection device based on IoT devices along a railway line, the device comprising:

[0025] The initialization module is used to establish a chain-like topology network and initialize the nodes in the chain network. Each node stores information about all other nodes within its signal coverage area.

[0026] The message transmission module is used by nodes to first determine whether they are the target node of the message based on the target address in the message after listening to the message. If so, the node will parse the message content and respond.

[0027] If it is not the target node but needs to forward messages, it will skip the step-by-step transmission and try to establish communication directly with the target node to forward messages.

[0028] If direct forwarding fails, then try to obtain the optimal routing node and forward the message to the target node through the routing node.

[0029] According to a third aspect, one embodiment provides an electronic device, the device comprising: a processor and a memory;

[0030] The memory is used to store one or more program instructions;

[0031] The processor is configured to run one or more program instructions to perform the steps of a chain topology data link selection method based on Internet of Things (IoT) devices along a railway line as described in any of the preceding claims.

[0032] According to a fourth aspect, one embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of a chain topology data link selection method based on Internet of Things (IoT) devices along a railway line as described in any of the preceding claims.

[0033] This application provides a chain-topology data link selection method based on IoT devices along railway lines. A chain-topology network is established, and the nodes in the chain network are initialized. Each node stores information about all other nodes within its signal coverage area. After receiving a message, a node first determines whether it is the target node based on the destination address in the message. If so, it parses the message content and responds. If it is not the target node but needs to forward the message, it skips the hierarchical transmission and attempts to directly establish communication with the target node to forward the message. If direct forwarding fails, it then attempts to obtain the optimal routing node and forward the message to the target node through the routing node. This method improves the stability and reliability of the entire link communication. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a chain-like topology.

[0035] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating the processing logic of nodes receiving messages in a chain-like topology.

[0036] Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating a chain-topology data link selection method based on IoT devices along a railway line, as provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of signal message transmission in a chain topology data link selection method based on Internet of Things (IoT) devices along a railway line, provided as an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 This is an overall architecture diagram of a chain topology data link selection device based on Internet of Things (IoT) devices along a railway line, provided as an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. Similar elements in different embodiments are referred to by associated similar element reference numerals. In the following embodiments, many details are described to facilitate a better understanding of this application. However, those skilled in the art will readily recognize that some features may be omitted in different situations, or may be replaced by other elements, materials, or methods. In some cases, certain operations related to this application are not shown or described in the specification. This is to avoid obscuring the core parts of this application with excessive description. For those skilled in the art, detailed description of these related operations is not necessary; they can fully understand the related operations based on the description in the specification and general technical knowledge in the art.

[0040] Furthermore, the features, operations, or characteristics described in the specification can be combined in any suitable manner to form various embodiments. At the same time, the steps or actions in the method description can be rearranged or adjusted in a manner obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the various orders in the specification and drawings are only for the clear description of a particular embodiment and do not imply a necessary order, unless otherwise stated that a particular order must be followed.

[0041] Existing topology: Figure 1 The diagram shows the topology formed by the wireless communication between the collector and the aggregator. The light blue circle represents the wireless communication module (LoRa), the middle square represents the aggregator, and the other three squares represent one-to-one, one-to-many, and chain topologies, respectively.

[0042] Based on project requirements, a chain topology was added. Characteristics of different network topologies:

[0043]

[0044]

[0045] Based on project requirements, a chain topology should be selected if the coverage area is wide, the number of aggregators is small, and the communication distance of a single LoRa device cannot be directly covered.

[0046] Chain structure characteristics:

[0047] In chain-topology communication, each node needs to know:

[0048] ●The message contains directional information

[0049] ○ Downward movement: From the root node to the leaf node

[0050] ○Upward: From leaf node to root node

[0051] ●Information of the parent node

[0052] ● Own node information

[0053] ●Next-level node information

[0054] The communication message contains the destination address. If the destination node is not itself, it continues to be transmitted depending on whether it is an uplink or downlink message. If the destination node is itself, it parses and processes the message content, executes the corresponding instructions, and responds.

[0055] like Figure 2 B in the node:

[0056] ●If you receive a message:

[0057] ○ Determine whether to send to itself (is the target node node B):

[0058] ■If so, then parse, execute, and respond.

[0059] ■If not:

[0060] ●Downlink message: sent to C

[0061] ●Uplink message: Sent to A

[0062] ●The processing logic for other nodes after receiving the message is the same as above.

[0063] The above-described general chain topology processing logic is simple; each node in the link only needs to know its corresponding superior and inferior nodes. However, it also has significant potential for failure:

[0064] 1. When a node on the link fails, the entire link will be "disconnected" from that point.

[0065] 2. In actual communication, situations such as unstable signal or low device power may occur, causing a device to temporarily malfunction and resulting in intermittent link interruptions.

[0066] To improve the stability of the entire communication link, such as Figure 3 As shown in the first embodiment of the present invention, a data link selection method for a chain topology structure is provided. The main improvements of this method are as follows:

[0067] 1. Modify the system from storing only information about its own superior and subordinate nodes to storing more node information, and even the link relationships of the entire line.

[0068] Initialize storage:

[0069] When a node joins a chain-based communication system for the first time, it acquires and stores information about its directly connected upstream and downstream nodes through initial communication and handshake processes between nodes. Based on this, the node further expands its stored link relationship information.

[0070] Newly joined nodes send signals to their surroundings, including node identification information such as node ID and address. They also listen for response signals or probe packets from other nodes, containing the identification information of the responding nodes and link status information between them and the new node.

[0071] The new node parses the received response signals or return probe packets to identify its directly connected neighbor nodes and establish link connections. Through parsing, the new node can determine which nodes are its parent nodes (i.e., the nodes that sent data to it) and its next-level nodes (i.e., the nodes to which its data will reach).

[0072] Establish a neighbor node table to store information about directly connected neighbor nodes, including the neighbor node's identification information, link status (such as connectivity, signal strength, etc.), and possible routing information.

[0073] 2. Each time a message is delivered, it can be attempted to travel further within the "coverage range".

[0074] The node dynamically selects the optimal routing node for message transmission based on the current communication environment and link quality.

[0075] 3. If the coverage area of ​​a node is much larger than the distance between nodes, then it is not necessary to pass the information level by level, and it is convenient to "skip" faulty nodes.

[0076] like Figure 4 As shown, AB, C, D, and E are five nodes on the link. The signal coverage of node A is shown by the green circle in the figure, which can cover B, C, and D. At this time, four nodes AB and D are working normally, while node C is experiencing a transmission failure. When node A transmits data to a node after node C, such as node D, node A first determines that node D is within its signal coverage range and will directly send data to node D. After receiving the data, D will also respond, and A can then know that the message transmission is complete. Instead of transmitting data step by step from A to B, B to C, and C to D, if the data were transmitted step by step, the failure of node C would prevent the data from being sent to node D.

[0077] 4. Set the maximum number of hops per communication to reduce the number of transmissions and improve communication efficiency.

[0078] Because the communication includes a response confirmation mechanism, whether the communication is successful is ultimately confirmed by the response message. Initially, each node can assume that its own signal covers the entire link. When communicating, it always starts from the target node and tries to communicate with surrounding nodes in the way that is furthest away and has the fewest hops. In addition, whenever it hears a communication message from another node, it can know that it is within the signal coverage of that node and can assume that the node is also within its own signal coverage.

[0079] The following is combined Figure 3 The specific implementation steps of the chain topology data link selection method based on Internet of Things (IoT) devices along railway lines provided in the first embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.

[0080] like Figure 3 As shown, in step S100, a chain topology network is established, and the nodes in the chain network are initialized, wherein each node stores information about all other nodes within its signal coverage area.

[0081] In this embodiment, the nodes in the chain network are initialized, including setting the network number, channel, network address, and all node information for the entire link. In chain communication, the head node and tail node are located at opposite ends of the link, and each node's position in the link is determined by system parameter configuration.

[0082] The above steps specifically include:

[0083] When a new node joins the chain topology network for the first time, it acquires and stores information about all nodes within the signal coverage area of ​​the new node. This includes more nodes than directly connected neighboring nodes, or information about all nodes in the entire link.

[0084] Specifically, the new node sends signals to its surroundings and listens for response signals or probe packets from other nodes. By parsing the listened response signals or probe packets, the new node obtains the link status information between itself and other nodes within its coverage area, and obtains the neighboring nodes directly connected to it to establish link connections. It also establishes a neighboring node table, which includes the current node's parent node and the next-level node.

[0085] like Figure 3 As shown, in step S200, after a node hears a message, it first determines whether it is the target node of the message based on the target address in the message. If so, it parses the message content and responds.

[0086] Specifically, after receiving a message, the node determines whether the message was sent to itself. If so, it repeats the message to respond.

[0087] like Figure 3As shown, in step S300, if it is not the target node but needs to forward messages, it first skips the step-by-step transmission and tries to establish communication directly with the target node to forward messages; if direct forwarding fails, it then tries to obtain the optimal routing node and forwards the messages to the target node through the routing node.

[0088] Specifically, if a node needs to forward information, it should first try to find the target node. If it cannot directly send information to the target node, it should find a suitable routing node and send a message to that node, requesting it to forward the message to the target node. The node dynamically selects the optimal routing node within its signal coverage area for message transmission, based on the current communication environment and link quality, aiming for the longest possible transmission distance and the fewest hops. When a node directly forwards a message to the target node, if it successfully receives a response message from the target node, the message forwarding is considered successful.

[0089] Furthermore, the method also includes: if the message is neither sent to itself nor requests itself to act as a routing node for forwarding, then no further action needs to be performed.

[0090] Furthermore, the method also includes: if a node can hear messages sent by other nodes, it considers the node that sent the message to be within the signal coverage range of the current node, and dynamically updates the current node's own signal coverage range according to the location of the node that sent the message.

[0091] Corresponding to the above-disclosed method for selecting chain topology data links based on IoT devices along railway lines, this invention also discloses a device for selecting chain topology data links based on IoT devices along railway lines, such as... Figure 5 As shown, it specifically includes:

[0092] The initialization module is used to establish a chain-like topology network and initialize the nodes in the chain network. Each node stores information about all other nodes within its signal coverage area.

[0093] The message transmission module is used by nodes to first determine whether they are the target node of the message based on the target address in the message after listening to the message. If so, the node will parse the message content and respond.

[0094] If it is not the target node but needs to forward messages, it will skip the step-by-step transmission and try to establish communication directly with the target node to forward messages.

[0095] If direct forwarding fails, then try to obtain the optimal routing node and forward the message to the target node through the routing node.

[0096] It should be noted that for a detailed description of the chain topology data link selection device based on IoT devices along railway lines provided in the embodiments of the present invention, please refer to the relevant description of the chain topology data link selection method based on IoT devices along railway lines provided in the embodiments of this application, which will not be repeated here.

[0097] In addition, embodiments of the present invention also provide an electronic device, the device comprising: a processor and a memory; the memory being used to store one or more program instructions; the processor being used to execute one or more program instructions to perform the steps of a chain topology data link selection method based on railway Internet of Things devices as described in any of the preceding embodiments.

[0098] It should be noted that for a detailed description of an electronic device provided in the embodiments of the present invention, please refer to the relevant description of a chain topology data link selection method based on IoT devices along railway lines provided in the embodiments of this application, which will not be repeated here.

[0099] In addition, embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of a chain topology data link selection method based on IoT devices along a railway line as described in any of the preceding claims.

[0100] It should be noted that for a detailed description of a computer-readable storage medium provided in the embodiments of the present invention, please refer to the relevant description of a chain topology data link selection method based on IoT devices along railway lines provided in the embodiments of this application, which will not be repeated here.

[0101] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the functions of the various methods in the above embodiments can be implemented by hardware or by computer programs. When all or part of the functions in the above embodiments are implemented by computer programs, the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, which may include: read-only memory, random access memory, disk, optical disk, hard disk, etc., and the program is executed by a computer to achieve the above functions. For example, the program can be stored in the memory of a device, and when the program in the memory is executed by the processor, all or part of the above functions can be achieved. In addition, when all or part of the functions in the above embodiments are implemented by computer programs, the program can also be stored in a storage medium such as a server, another computer, disk, optical disk, flash drive, or portable hard drive, and can be downloaded or copied to the memory of a local device, or the device version of the local device can be updated. When the program in the memory is executed by the processor, all or part of the functions in the above embodiments can be achieved.

[0102] The above examples illustrate the present invention only to aid in understanding it and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Those skilled in the art can make various simple deductions, modifications, or substitutions based on the principles of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for selecting chain-like topology data links based on IoT devices along railway lines, characterized in that, The method includes: Establish a chain topology network and initialize the nodes in the chain topology network, where each node stores information about all other nodes within its signal coverage area; After a node receives a message, it first determines whether it is the target node of the message based on the target address in the message. If so, it parses the message content and responds. If it is not the target node but needs to forward messages, it will skip the step-by-step transmission and try to establish communication directly with the target node to forward messages. If direct forwarding fails, then try to obtain the optimal routing node and forward the message to the target node through the routing node. Specifically, the node dynamically selects the optimal routing node within the signal coverage area to forward the message based on the current communication environment and link quality, with the goal of maximizing the transmission distance and minimizing the number of hops. When a node joins a chain topology network for the first time, it acquires and stores node information within the node's signal coverage area, specifically including: The new node will send signals to its surroundings and listen for response signals or probe signals from other nodes; The new node parses the detected response signals or backtracking probe signals to obtain the link status information between the current new node and other nodes within its coverage area, and obtains the neighboring nodes directly connected to the new node to establish link connection relationships, and establishes a neighboring node table, which includes the current node's parent node and the next-level node.

2. The method for selecting chain-like topology data links based on IoT devices along railway lines as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The node stores information about all other nodes within its signal coverage area, specifically including: When a new node joins the chain topology network for the first time, it acquires and stores information about all nodes within the signal coverage area of ​​the new node. This includes more nodes than directly connected neighboring nodes, or information about all nodes in the entire link.

3. The method for selecting chain-like topology data links based on IoT devices along railway lines as described in claim 1, characterized in that, If it is not the target node but needs to forward messages, it will skip the hierarchical transmission and attempt to establish communication directly with the target node to forward the messages. Specifically, this includes: The node forwards the message directly to the target node. If it successfully receives a response message from the target node, the message forwarding is successful.

4. The method for selecting chain-like topology data links based on IoT devices along railway lines as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: If a message is neither sent to itself nor requested to be forwarded by itself as a routing node, then the node does not need to take any action.

5. The method for selecting chain-type topology data links based on IoT devices along railway lines as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: If a node can hear messages sent by other nodes, it assumes that the node sending the message is within the current node's signal coverage area and dynamically updates its own signal coverage area based on the location of the node sending the message.

6. A chain-type topology data link selection device based on IoT devices along a railway line, characterized in that, The device includes: The initialization module is used to establish a chain topology network and initialize the nodes in the chain topology network. Each node stores information about all other nodes within its signal coverage area. The message transmission module is used by nodes to first determine whether they are the target node of the message based on the target address in the message after listening to the message. If so, the node will parse the message content and respond. If it is not the target node but needs to forward messages, it will skip the step-by-step transmission and try to establish communication directly with the target node to forward messages. If direct forwarding fails, then try to obtain the optimal routing node and forward the message to the target node through the routing node. Specifically, the node dynamically selects the optimal routing node within the signal coverage area to forward the message based on the current communication environment and link quality, with the goal of maximizing the transmission distance and minimizing the number of hops. When a node joins a chain topology network for the first time, it acquires and stores node information within the node's signal coverage area, specifically including: The new node will send signals to its surroundings and listen for response signals or probe signals from other nodes; The new node parses the detected response signals or backtracking probe signals to obtain the link status information between the current new node and other nodes within its coverage area, and obtains the neighboring nodes directly connected to the new node to establish link connection relationships, and establishes a neighboring node table, which includes the current node's parent node and the next-level node.

7. An electronic device, characterized in that, The device includes: a processor and a memory; The memory is used to store one or more program instructions; The processor is configured to run one or more program instructions to perform the steps of a chain topology data link selection method based on Internet of Things (IoT) devices along a railway line as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

8. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of a chain-topology data link selection method based on Internet of Things (IoT) devices along a railway line as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

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