Rotary fermentation device and method for treating organic waste

Abstract

The application discloses a rotary fermentation device and method for treating organic garbage, which comprises a rotary cylinder, a negative pressure treatment box, a wind supplement system and a temperature measurement and constant temperature assembly. The right end of the rotary cylinder is connected with a reverse material pushing cylinder. The circumferential inner wall of the reverse material pushing cylinder is provided with reverse pushing blades, which play a role of pushing materials in the opposite direction and prevent the materials from flowing into the negative pressure treatment box. The left end of the reverse material pushing cylinder is provided with two sealing moving rings in the circumferential direction, and an annular sealing groove is formed between the two sealing moving rings. The air inlet of the negative pressure treatment box is clamped in the annular sealing groove and does not contact the groove bottom of the annular sealing groove. The negative pressure treatment box is a fixed structure and does not affect the rotation of the reverse material pushing cylinder. A static sealing body is arranged between the negative pressure treatment box and the reverse material pushing cylinder. The inside of the negative pressure treatment box is provided with a sterilization and interception assembly. Through the arrangement of the negative pressure tail gas sterilization channel, the high-temperature inactivation of bacteria, viruses and peculiar smell gas in fermentation tail gas is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of waste fermentation technology, specifically to a rotary fermentation device and method for treating organic waste. Background Technology

[0002] The treatment of organic components in municipal solid waste, such as kitchen scraps, straw, and agricultural waste, has become an important issue in environmental governance and resource recycling. Aerobic fermentation technology is widely used to achieve harmless, reduced-volume, and resource-efficient utilization, but it still faces several technical challenges in practice.

[0003] Conventional treatment methods include incineration, pit decomposition, and deep burial. While each has its advantages, they are all difficult to balance in terms of treatment efficiency, pollution control, resource recovery, and operating costs, and lack a truly comprehensive solution.

[0004] Patent document CN117358736A discloses an aerobic fermentation device and ecological treatment system for municipal solid waste. It uses wind-powered turning and oxygen-enriched aeration to improve the oxygen supply efficiency of materials, and combines water washing and purification with hydroponic plant modules to construct an ecological cycle system. Although the solution has certain innovations in ecological synergistic treatment, it still has limitations such as low temperature regulation precision, static composting structure, mild exhaust gas treatment method, and inability to achieve gas-solid-liquid separation. It is difficult to meet the comprehensive requirements of efficient, closed, and automated fermentation treatment.

[0005] Patent document CN113443930B proposes an organic waste recycling device based on aerobic fermentation. It employs a molecular airflow membrane to construct a semi-closed fermentation space, combining bottom aeration, a stirring structure, and a blower-oxygen supply system to improve fermentation efficiency, making it suitable for small-scale distributed scenarios. While this solution demonstrates some innovation in energy saving and structural integration, it still suffers from limitations such as limited stirring efficiency, static structure, insufficient exhaust purification capacity, slow temperature control response, and a lack of continuous automatic discharge and three-phase separation, making it difficult to meet the needs of medium- to large-scale high-efficiency fermentation treatment.

[0006] Patent document CN215440260U proposes a fermentation device for kitchen waste treatment suitable for community-level applications. It possesses basic functions of crushing, static fermentation, temperature control, and compression into blocks, and incorporates a solar power system. However, its structure consists of a static tank, lacks integrated continuous unloading and exhaust gas treatment modules, and does not feature a multi-point temperature feedback and closed-loop constant temperature control system. This makes it difficult to meet the comprehensive technical requirements of medium to large-scale projects for fermentation efficiency, exhaust gas purification, and resource utilization. Similarly, patent documents CN104016746A, CN105732145A, and CN209854009U also suffer from the same problems.

[0007] The following are some typical technical challenges commonly found in existing organic waste fermentation devices: 1. Slow and uneven temperature control response: Most devices use only single-point heating or rely on external temperature difference regulation, resulting in uneven temperature field distribution inside the fermentation tank, which easily forms "temperature dead zones", leading to low local fermentation efficiency and, in severe cases, affecting the activity of the strain and the fermentation cycle.

[0008] Second, the exhaust gas treatment methods are rudimentary or even nonexistent: a large amount of odorous gas is released during the fermentation process, and most existing devices are only equipped with primary filtration or no treatment system, resulting in serious health, safety and environmental hazards from the emissions.

[0009] 3. Poor sealing performance and serious gas leakage: Traditional sealing structures mostly adopt the form of pressure caps, O-rings, etc. During dynamic rotation, negative pressure suction or unloading, the seal is easily affected by wear, negative pressure fluctuations and other factors, resulting in the leakage of fermentation gas; it cannot meet the needs of actual use. Therefore, a rotary fermentation device and method for treating organic waste is proposed to break through the existing technical bottlenecks and realize a complete closed-loop control and efficient operation mechanism from feeding to fermentation, temperature control, purification and emission. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The technical problem this invention aims to solve is to overcome existing defects and provide a rotary fermentation device and method for treating organic waste. By setting up a negative pressure exhaust gas sterilization channel, it achieves high-temperature inactivation of bacteria, viruses, and odorous gases in the fermentation exhaust gas. It adopts a multi-point adaptive sealing design and a continuous unloading structure to ensure closed operation and system safety throughout the fermentation process. In the end-of-life treatment stage, it innovatively introduces a gas-solid-liquid three-phase automatic separation and leachate recovery structure to construct a closed-loop fermentation system that highly integrates resource utilization, harmlessness, and automation, which can effectively solve the problems in the background technology.

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a rotary fermentation device and method for treating organic waste, comprising a rotary drum, a negative pressure treatment chamber, a make-up air system, and a temperature measuring and constant temperature component. A reverse-displacement material cylinder is connected to the right end of the rotary drum. Reverse-displacement blades are provided on the inner circumference of the reverse-displacement material cylinder, which reverse the material flow and prevent it from flowing into the negative pressure treatment chamber. Two sealing moving rings are provided on the left circumference of the reverse-displacement material cylinder, forming an annular sealing groove between them. The air inlet of the negative pressure treatment chamber is inserted into the annular sealing groove but does not contact the bottom of the groove. The negative pressure treatment chamber is a fixed structure and does not affect the rotation of the reverse-displacement material cylinder. A static seal is provided between the negative pressure treatment chamber and the reverse-displacement material cylinder. The treatment chamber is equipped with a sterilization and interception assembly, which includes a vibration guide frame, an inverted U-shaped partition, and a middle partition. The lower end of the middle partition contacts the bottom of the negative pressure treatment chamber, while the upper end is positioned within the inverted U-shaped partition. The two sides of the middle partition form sterilization and interception channels. This channel design helps to prolong the gas's time within the negative pressure treatment chamber, allowing for sufficient contact with the high-temperature gas to achieve a sterilization effect, realizing the thermal inactivation of bacteria and viruses, and meeting the requirements for sterile or low-bacterial emissions. Vibration guide columns are installed between the U-shaped partitions, reliably connecting the U-shaped partitions and the middle partition, increasing structural strength, and providing mechanical support and a vibration guide path. Heating tubes are evenly spaced on the vibration guide columns, heating the gas and maintaining the sterilization and interception channels at 150°C. The sterilization and interception channel is equipped with a temperature sensor that monitors the temperature in real time, reaching ~200℃. The heating element and the vibration guide column form an interception net with several layers to initially intercept large particles from air pores. A vibration transmission rod is installed at the upper end of the U-shaped partition, connected to an external transducer. Ultrasonic vibration is used to automatically clean the sterilization and interception components and intercept impurities deposited on their surface. Feed blades are installed inside the rotating cylinder, and a feed sealing plate is located at the left end. The air supply system includes hot air distribution ducts and cold air distribution ducts, one end of which extends into the interior of the rotating cylinder. The temperature measurement and constant temperature component includes a temperature distribution tube, one end of which extends into the interior of the rotating cylinder and runs along the circumference of the rotating cylinder. The rotary fermentation unit features a temperature distribution tube with a stirring distribution plate for material distribution. The tubes on the same plane have varying lengths, and temperature probes are installed at their inner ends. This design allows for continuous temperature monitoring of different locations on the same plane, with real-time feedback of the temperature signals to the central control system for dynamic temperature adjustment. This integrated design combines temperature measurement, material distribution, and stirring within the temperature distribution tube. A discharge port is located on the rotary drum, below which is a discharge hopper. The discharge hopper is connected to a negative pressure treatment box via a negative pressure pipeline, which in turn is connected to the plant's negative pressure system. This rotary fermentation unit is suitable for large-scale integrated fermentation systems in industrial and rural areas.

[0012] This invention designs a triple-sealing synergistic structure between the dynamically rotating cylinder and the negative pressure system: a lip seal + a rubber outer ring + a sealing moving ring, wherein: The outer sealing ring will automatically increase the negative pressure adsorption force as the sealing lip wears down, thus achieving a self-enhancing sealing effect driven by negative pressure; The sealing moving ring is not the main sealing component, but serves as a flexible protection and compensation mechanism after the sealing structure fails, and has a "redundant protection" function in its design logic. This type of "negative pressure response + wear triggering + dynamic and static complementarity" structural sealing design is the first of its kind in organic waste fermentation devices, breaking through the problem of traditional O-ring seals being prone to aging and failure.

[0013] Furthermore, the left end of the reverse feed cylinder is fixedly connected to the rotary cylinder body with screws. Specifically, a flange is installed at the left end of the reverse feed cylinder, and screws are used to connect it to the rotary cylinder body through the flange. The rotation of the rotary cylinder body can drive the reverse feed cylinder to rotate together. A perforated baffle can also be installed inside the reverse feed cylinder to block material, or it can be omitted, depending on the actual situation. The left end of the reverse feed cylinder is designed with a tapered constriction structure. When a small amount of material is driven by negative pressure or irregular movement, it will fall onto the reverse feed cylinder. The structure facilitates the material's sliding onto the counter-rotating blades under gravity, further preventing material from entering the negative pressure treatment chamber. A metal frame is installed within the static seal body, with a rubber sealing structure vulcanized on its outer surface. The left side of the static seal body is fixed to the negative pressure treatment chamber, and a sealing outer ring is located at its right end. This sealing outer ring contacts and seals against the inclined surface of the counter-rotating cylinder. The inclined surface seal not only increases the sealing area but also improves the sealing effect under negative pressure. Because the sealing outer ring is made of rubber, it has a certain degree of flexibility and will not affect... The static seal body features a double-lip sealing structure, which ensures a tight seal while maintaining the rotation of the reverse-displacement cylinder. Two inner lips are provided below the static seal body, with their lower ends aligning with the bottom of the annular sealing groove. Under normal conditions, the inner lips seal the connection between the negative pressure treatment box and the rotating reverse-displacement cylinder. However, due to prolonged operation, the inner lips may wear down, potentially causing the seal to fail. The outer sealing ring then experiences greater negative pressure, increasing the contact force between it and the inclined surface of the reverse-displacement cylinder, thus providing a seal. This static seal body cleverly utilizes negative pressure to achieve a dual, adaptively switchable sealing structure. The right-side moving sealing ring is located between the two moving sealing rings, with its outer circumference corresponding to but not in contact with the static seal body. This structure not only protects the static seal body but also provides support when both seals fail due to wear, ensuring the sealing structure continues to maintain its effectiveness. The static seal body allows for ±10mm axial displacement adaptive compensation.

[0014] Furthermore, a slag discharge door is provided at the bottom of the negative pressure treatment box, through which the debris inside the negative pressure treatment box can be cleaned periodically. A filter screen is provided on the left side of the sterilization and interception component. This filter screen is a conventional filter screen, generally composed of a filter screen support and a high-temperature filter layer. The filter screen support can be made of stainless steel / ceramic structure, with a closed frame and an embedded design. A support beam is provided in the middle of the negative pressure treatment box, and slide rails are provided on the support beam and the inner wall of the negative pressure treatment box. The filter screen slides in contact with the slide rails. This structure allows the filter screen to be pulled out of the negative pressure treatment box for easy replacement.

[0015] Furthermore, a perforated plate is installed inside the reverse feed cylinder. This perforated plate serves to initially intercept large particles of material. A connecting rod is installed between the vibration guide frame and the perforated plate to achieve the vibration guiding effect. The vibration of the vibration guide frame is used to achieve the purpose of cleaning the screen of the perforated plate.

[0016] Furthermore, several temperature measuring and constant temperature components are set horizontally, and the temperature distribution tube is made of stainless steel. A stirring shaft is set on the temperature distribution tube, and the stirring shaft is evenly arranged along the circumference of the temperature distribution tube. This technology can not only measure the temperature accurately, but also break up the organic waste into lumps, so that the organic waste can be fully fermented at all times and reach the optimal state.

[0017] Conventional fermentation equipment is mostly designed in a split manner, which has problems such as temperature measurement blind spots, uneven stirring, and stagnation in dead areas; the temperature measurement and constant temperature component of this invention innovatively incorporates: Temperature probe, stirring blades, and fabric structure are integrated into the same stainless steel distribution pipe; The non-uniform length pipe layout design ensures that there are temperature measurement points and stirring power at different locations on the same horizontal level. The stirring shaft is arranged around the circumference to form a ring-shaped turbulent flow field, which can automatically break up the accumulated material and improve heat transfer and fermentation uniformity; This results in a functionally integrated component that combines temperature control, fabric application, and mixing. This structural integration innovation reduces system complexity and improves reliability.

[0018] Furthermore, a fixed discharge channel is provided on the circumference of the rotating cylinder corresponding to the discharge port. This fixed discharge channel does not contact the surface of the rotating cylinder and will not affect the rotation of the rotating cylinder. The discharge port follows the rotation of the rotating cylinder to discharge material. The material is collected through the fixed discharge channel and discharged centrally. The lower end of the fixed discharge channel is connected to the inlet of the discharge hopper through a flexible connecting pipe. A star-shaped unloader is provided at the discharge port. The star-shaped unloader can achieve continuous discharge and maintain an airtight environment, achieving "discharge and sealing at the same time". The star-shaped unloader adopts a cast steel or stainless steel shell + multi-impeller cavity; it is driven by a motor and the speed can be adjusted by a PLC. The star-shaped unloader is existing technology, and the specific setting method will not be described in detail here. A strainer is provided in the discharge hopper. The strainer can separate garbage and air to achieve the purpose of separation. The gas is drawn into the negative pressure treatment box through the negative pressure pipeline. After the gas is treated, it is discharged to meet environmental protection requirements. This structure achieves the separation of air and material.

[0019] The bottom of the unloading hopper can also be connected to a liquid collection tank, which can be connected to a storage tank or drainage system through a drain pipe to realize the recovery of fermentation liquid resources.

[0020] Furthermore, a material inlet is provided on the feed sealing plate, and a sealing fish scale is provided between the feed sealing plate and the rotary cylinder. The sealing fish scale contacts and seals with the rotary cylinder. A flexible plate is provided on the outer side of the sealing fish scale. The flexible plate, the sealing fish scale, and the feed sealing plate are fixedly connected by bolts. This structure can seal the outer side of the feed end of the rotary cylinder. The circumferential direction of the flexible plate is further fixed by a clamping ring to increase the structural strength. A sealing ring assembly is provided between the feed sealing plate and the inner wall of the right end of the rotary cylinder. The sealing ring assembly includes a dynamic inner ring, a dynamic outer ring, and a static T-shaped ring. The static T-shaped ring is an integral structure with the feed sealing plate. The dynamic inner ring is located inside the dynamic outer ring. The side of the dynamic outer ring contacts and seals with the vertical surface of the static T-shaped ring. The upper ends of the dynamic outer ring and the dynamic inner ring correspond to the horizontal surface of the static T-shaped ring but do not contact it. This sealing structure can effectively seal the feed end of the rotary cylinder through a combination of dynamic and static sealing, ensuring both solid particle sealing and air sealing.

[0021] Furthermore, a double-layer heat-insulating structure is provided on the outer surface of the rotary drum. This structure includes an outer heat-insulating jacket and an inner heat-insulating jacket, which are respectively installed on the outer and inner surfaces of the rotary drum. This double-layer heat-insulating structure isolates the external temperature from the drum temperature, ensuring that the internal temperature of the drum is an effectively controllable variable. The hot air distribution duct is spirally arranged within the heat-insulating layer, ensuring that the inlet air temperature is close to the internal temperature of the drum. The cold air distribution duct bypasses the heat-insulating layer and is directly exposed to the external air. One end of both the hot and cold air distribution ducts extends to the center of the rotary drum's axis. The inner ends of both the hot and cold air distribution ducts are designed with elbow-type terminal structures to prevent material from escaping. Inside the rotary drum, the temperature fluctuates during the fermentation of organic waste. This air supply system design maintains a constant set temperature. Both the hot and cold air distribution ducts are equipped with airlock valves at their inlets to prevent airflow.

[0022] Furthermore, a rotary fermentation method for treating organic waste includes the following steps: Step 1: Feeding and sealing. The pre-treated organic waste and bacteria are fed into the rotary drum through the feed port of the feed sealing plate. The feeding process is completed by the feed sealing plate sealing structure. Fish scale sealing and dynamic and static ring structure are adopted to ensure that no gas escape or particle leakage occurs when the material is fed. Step 2: Establishing the rotary fermentation environment. Start the rotary drum to rotate at low speed, so that the material inside the drum is gradually mixed during the tumbling process and pushed towards the discharge port; the rotary drum is equipped with a double-layer heat-insulating layer structure, which is filled with heat-insulating material to maintain a constant temperature fermentation environment. Step 3: Dynamic adjustment of temperature and air supply. During the fermentation process, the air supply system adjusts the temperature in real time. Both the hot air distribution pipe and the cold air distribution pipe are equipped with airlock valves, which are automatically opened or closed by the PLC system according to the internal temperature changes. Step 4: Integrated control of temperature measurement, material distribution, and mixing. Temperature measurement distribution tubes are arranged along the circumference inside the rotating cylinder. Each temperature measurement tube is equipped with a temperature probe at the end to collect temperature information from different parts of the cylinder in real time. The stirring shaft and stirring distribution plate on the temperature measurement distribution tubes disperse and distribute the material evenly during rotation, preventing accumulation dead corners and improving fermentation efficiency. Step 5: Exhaust gas negative pressure extraction and high-temperature sterilization treatment. After the fermentation reaches the set time, the negative pressure system is turned on. The fermentation exhaust gas in the rotary drum is introduced into the negative pressure treatment box through the reverse material cylinder. The heating tube in the negative pressure treatment box heats the sterilization channel to 150~200℃; high-temperature inactivation and airflow disturbance purification of bacteria and harmful microorganisms in the exhaust gas. Step Six: Continuous unloading. After fermentation is complete, the material moves to the unloading port position with the rotation of the rotary drum. The star-shaped unloader is driven by a motor to rotate the impeller, which discharges the material quantitatively and continuously, while maintaining the airtightness and operational stability of the fermentation system. Step 7: Gas-solid separation. The discharged fermented material enters the lower unloading hopper, where the internal baffle separates the solid organic matter from the residual exhaust gas. The separated exhaust gas is then returned to the negative pressure treatment box through the negative pressure pipeline for further treatment, ensuring that the emissions meet environmental protection standards. Step 8: Slag discharge and system reset. After running continuously for a period of time, large particles of impurities or residues accumulated in the negative pressure treatment box are discharged through the slag discharge door located at the bottom of the box. After replacing or cleaning the filter screen, the entire system can restart the next cycle.

[0023] Traditional methods for treating fermentation exhaust gases only involve simple filtration or biological deodorization, which is insufficient to meet high environmental standards. This method proposes: Negative pressure guidance + high temperature sterilization channel, physical inactivation of exhaust gas at 150~200℃; An interception net, a vibration-guided cleaning net, and a filter replacement system enhance exhaust gas cleanliness. The built-in baffle in the unloading hopper enables three-phase separation of solid, gas and liquid, leachate recovery and utilization, and exhaust gas recycling treatment; This approach significantly improves the safety, stability, and resource recovery rate of exhaust gas treatment, providing a structural solution for "automatic + environmentally friendly + closed-loop" waste fermentation.

[0024] The method of this invention is not a simple improvement of a single component or process, but a multi-dimensional integrated innovation and systematic reconstruction of the entire fermentation process. It achieves synergistic optimization in multiple key technical points such as temperature control strategy, sealing structure, exhaust purification and material separation. It has significant advantages in high integration, environmental friendliness, intelligent response and continuous operation, and has strong application value and technological creativity in the field of industrial and rural solid waste treatment.

[0025] The temperature probe transmits the temperature signal to the central control system. When the temperature at any measuring point is higher than the set upper limit, the central control system controls the airlock valve of the cold air distribution duct to open for ventilation and cooling. When the temperature is lower than the set lower limit, it controls the airlock valve of the hot air distribution duct to open for hot air replenishment. This achieves dynamic adjustment of the internal temperature of the rotating cylinder, keeping it within the preset constant temperature range.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention employs a rotary drum dynamic fermentation method, combined with a linkage control system of temperature probes and hot / cold air supply systems, to achieve real-time monitoring and intelligent adjustment of the temperature at multiple points inside the drum. The temperature distribution tube is set along the circumference and integrates a temperature probe, stirring shaft, and material distribution plate. This not only enables continuous temperature detection at different locations but also simultaneously completes material stirring and uniform distribution, significantly reducing temperature dead zones and uneven fermentation. The system receives temperature feedback signals from each point via a PLC and automatically controls the hot or cold air lock valves to maintain the fermentation zone at an optimal constant temperature, ensuring the activity and efficient metabolism of aerobic bacteria, effectively shortening the fermentation cycle and improving conversion efficiency.

[0027] 2. The exhaust gas through the reverse-displacement cylinder is drawn into the treatment chamber by negative pressure and enters a multi-stage sterilization and interception channel composed of inverted U-shaped baffles, heating tubes, and guide columns. This channel can heat the exhaust gas to 150~200℃ to achieve thermal inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms and meet the sterile or low-bacterial emission standards. At the same time, the guide columns generate a vibration turbulence effect, combined with an ultrasonic vibration cleaning mechanism, to prevent impurities from clogging the screen and ensure long-term operational stability. Compared with traditional exhaust gas treatment methods that only filter, this system has stronger sterilization, deodorization, and emission compliance capabilities.

[0028] 3. A metal-framed vulcanized rubber seal is installed at the connection between the reverse feed cylinder and the negative pressure treatment box to achieve adaptive sealing switching. Under negative pressure, this sealing structure ingeniously achieves a dual adaptive sealing structure, avoiding the risk of leakage caused by wear, load changes, or high-temperature operation. At the same time, the star-shaped unloader in the system adopts a "rotating and sealing discharge" design, which effectively avoids the spread of odor and safety hazards caused by open discharge, and ensures that the entire fermentation system maintains airtight and stable operation throughout the entire process of feeding, fermentation, pumping, and discharging.

[0029] 4. During the unloading process at the end of fermentation, this device is designed with a solid-gas separation baffle and a liquid collection layer to achieve automatic three-phase separation of gas, solid, and liquid in the fermentation products of organic waste. Solid fermentation residue is continuously discharged by a star-shaped unloader, while liquid leachate is recovered into the storage unit through the liquid collection tank at the bottom of the unloading hopper and can be further reused as fertilizer. The remaining gas is then purified and discharged again through a negative pressure pipeline into the sterilization treatment system. This structure maximizes resource utilization and minimizes pollutant release, breaking through the pain points of traditional systems such as "three-phase mixing, resource waste, and heavy pollution," and improving the green, intelligent, and closed-loop treatment capabilities of the entire fermentation system, bringing a sustainable solution to the organic waste treatment industry. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the negative pressure treatment box of the present invention; Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 A magnified structural diagram at point B; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 1 A magnified structural diagram at point A; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the sterilization and interception component structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the air distribution duct layout structure of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement structure of the stainless steel temperature measuring tube of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the left-side structure of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the insulation sleeve arrangement structure of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention with a perforated plate; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention.

[0031] In the diagram: 1. Rotary cylinder, 2. Feed blades, 3. Feed sealing plate, 4. Star-shaped unloader, 5. Unloading hopper, 6. Strainer plate, 7. Flexible connecting pipe, 8. Unloading port, 9. Reverse feed cylinder, 10. Sterilization and interception assembly, 11. Negative pressure treatment box, 12. Vibration transmission rod, 13. Fixed discharge channel, 14. Support beam, 15. Filter screen, 16. Slide rail, 17. Vibration guide frame, 18. 19 Inverted U-shaped baffle, 20 Reverse blade, 21 Slag discharge door, 22 Intermediate baffle, 23 Sealing moving ring, 24 Sealing inner lip, 25 Sealing outer ring, 26 Static sealing body, 27 Dynamic inner ring, 28 Flexible plate, 29 Dynamic outer ring, 30 Sealing fish scale plate, 31 Static T-shaped ring, 32 Heating tube, 33 Vibration guide column, 34 Hot air distribution duct, 35 Airlock valve, 36 Cold air distribution duct, 37 Elbow-type terminal structure, 38 Stirring shaft, 49 Temperature distribution pipe, 40 Stirring distribution plate, 41 Temperature probe, 42 Insulation outer jacket, 43 Insulation inner jacket, 44 Negative pressure pipeline, 45 Perforated plate, 46 Connecting rod. Detailed Implementation

[0032] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0033] Please see Figure 1-11This invention provides a technical solution: a rotary fermentation device and method for treating organic waste, comprising a rotary drum 1, a negative pressure treatment chamber 11, a make-up air system, and a temperature measuring and constant temperature component. A reverse-displacement material cylinder 9 is connected to the right end of the rotary drum 1. Reverse-displacement blades 19 are provided on the inner circumference of the reverse-displacement material cylinder 9. These blades reverse-displacement blades 19 reverse the material flow, preventing the material from flowing into the negative pressure treatment chamber 11. Two sealing moving rings 22 are provided on the left circumference of the reverse-displacement material cylinder 9, forming a seal between them. The air inlet of the negative pressure treatment box 11 is inserted into the annular sealing groove and does not contact the bottom of the groove. The negative pressure treatment box 11 is a fixed structure and will not affect the rotation of the reverse feed cylinder 9. A static sealing body 25 is provided between the negative pressure treatment box 11 and the reverse feed cylinder 9. The inside of the negative pressure treatment box 11 is provided with a sterilization interception component 10, including a vibration guide frame 17, an inverted U-shaped partition 18, and a middle partition 21. The lower end of the middle partition 21 contacts the bottom of the negative pressure treatment box 11, and the lower end is located in the inverted U-shaped partition 18. The middle partition 21 forms sterilization and interception channels on both sides. Vibration guide columns 32 are installed between the U-shaped partitions 18. The vibration guide columns 32 are connected to the middle partition 21 and are equipped with equally spaced heating tubes 31. The heating tubes 31 heat the gas to raise the channel temperature to 150~200℃. A temperature sensor is installed inside the sterilization and interception channel to monitor the temperature in real time. The heating tubes 31 and the vibration guide columns 32 form a multi-layered interception network to initially intercept large particles. A vibration transmission rod 12 is installed at the upper end of the U-shaped partition 18 to connect to an external transducer, realizing ultrasonic vibration cleaning. The rotary cylinder 1 has a feed blade 2 inside and a feed sealing plate 3 at the left end; the air supply system includes a hot air distribution pipe 33 and a cold air distribution pipe 35, which extend into the cylinder; the temperature measurement and constant temperature component includes a temperature distribution pipe 38 arranged along the circumference of the cylinder, equipped with a temperature probe 40 and a stirring distribution plate 39, and the temperature measurement signal is fed back to the central control system; the cylinder 1 has a discharge port 8, and below it is a discharge hopper 5 connected to the negative pressure treatment box 11 through a negative pressure pipe 43, which is suitable for large-scale industrial or rural fermentation systems.

[0034] Working principle: In this embodiment, the rotary drum 1 rotates slowly during fermentation, and the feed blades 2 push the material to the right. During this period, the temperature at each position is continuously monitored by the temperature distribution pipe 38, and the set constant temperature is maintained by the hot air / cold air replenishment system. The material is gradually pushed to the reverse feed cylinder 9, and the reverse blades 19 prevent it from entering the negative pressure treatment box 11. The gas generated during fermentation is introduced into the negative pressure treatment box 11 through the reverse feed cylinder 9. The gas enters the sterilization interception channel composed of the vibration guide column 32, the middle partition 21 and the U-shaped partition 18, and bacteria and viruses are inactivated at high temperature. The heating pipe 31 and the vibration guide device in this channel work together to heat and sterilize on the one hand, and prevent dirt from adhering on the other. Finally, the gas is guided to the exhaust port through the sealing structure. The central control system dynamically adjusts the replenishment air through the temperature feedback signal to achieve closed-loop constant temperature control.

[0035] Beneficial effects: The design of the reverse feed cylinder 9 and reverse blades 19 effectively prevents materials from entering the negative pressure treatment box 11, preventing blockage and foreign object contamination; the multi-seal structure improves the sealing stability of the device under dynamic rotation and negative pressure environments; the sterilization and interception component 10 not only achieves high-temperature inactivation of exhaust gas, but also has self-cleaning ability, improving the continuity of operation; the temperature distribution tube 38 integrates temperature measurement, material distribution and stirring functions, improving fermentation efficiency and temperature control accuracy; the entire structure realizes integrated closed-loop operation of feeding-fermentation-temperature control-exhaust gas treatment, which is suitable for industrial-scale processing scenarios.

[0036] In one possible implementation, the left end of the counter-displacement cylinder 9 is fixedly connected to the rotary cylinder 1 by screws. Specifically, the left end of the counter-displacement cylinder 9 is provided with a flange, and screws are used to connect it to the rotary cylinder 1 through the flange, so that when the rotary cylinder 1 rotates, it drives the counter-displacement cylinder 9 to rotate synchronously. The left end of the counter-displacement cylinder 9 is set with a conical constriction structure, so that under negative pressure or irregular material movement, some material slides onto the counter-displacement blade 19, achieving a second displacement and further preventing material from entering the negative pressure treatment box 11. Optionally, the counter-displacement cylinder 9 is provided with a perforated baffle to block material, which can be configured or removed according to actual needs. The static sealing body 25 has a metal skeleton inside, and its outer surface has a vulcanized rubber sealing structure. Fixed to the negative pressure treatment box 11, the right end is provided with a sealing outer ring 24 that contacts the inclined surface of the reverse-pushing cylinder 9. Under the action of negative pressure, the contact force is enhanced to improve the sealing effect. The sealing outer ring 24 is made of flexible rubber material, which ensures the sealing performance without affecting the rotation of the cylinder. There are two sealing inner lips 23 below the static sealing body 25, which contact the bottom of the annular sealing groove to form a double seal. The sealing inner lips 23 may wear during long-term operation, and the sealing outer ring 24 assumes the function of auxiliary sealing after the seal fails. This sealing structure achieves adaptive enhancement of sealing performance through negative pressure adsorption. In addition, there is a sealing moving ring 22 on the right side, which does not usually contact the static sealing body 25, but provides structural support and sealing compensation after other seals fail.

[0037] Working principle: In this embodiment, the reverse feed cylinder 9 is fixed to the rotary cylinder 1 by flange bolts, so that they rotate synchronously; the constriction structure at the left end guides the material down to the reverse blade 19 when the material is disturbed, which enhances the anti-clogging effect; the perforated plate 44 can further intercept large particles and improve the material control capability of the system; in terms of sealing structure, the static seal body 25 formed by the metal skeleton rubber covering, together with the sealing outer ring 24 and the sealing inner lip 23, constitutes a multi-layer sealing design; during operation, the sealing lip first provides basic sealing, and after wear, the outer ring 24 compensates for the sealing force, and the negative pressure enhances its adhesion to ensure airtightness; if the first two seals are completely worn, the sealing moving ring 22 is connected to play a supporting role, and a multi-level defense line of "main seal - emergency seal - redundant support" is constructed to maintain the sealing performance of the system under high load and long cycle operation.

[0038] Beneficial effects: This embodiment achieves stable synchronous rotation of the reverse feed cylinder 9 and the rotary cylinder 1 through flange connection, ensuring structural integrity and power transmission efficiency; the combination of the constriction structure and the perforated plate realizes multi-stage material anti-blocking and interception, improving the cleanliness of the exhaust gas introduction system; the sealing structure innovatively adopts a composite structure of metal skeleton + rubber coating + sealing lip + moving ring support, forming a three-level sealing barrier, which has the advantages of automatically adapting to negative pressure, wear resistance, and maintaining high sealing performance during continuous operation, breaking through the limitations of traditional O-rings such as short life and easy leakage, and improving the reliability and safety of system operation.

[0039] In one possible implementation, the bottom of the negative pressure treatment box 11 is provided with a slag discharge door 20 for periodically cleaning the debris accumulated inside the box to keep the system clean and ensure smooth exhaust. A filter screen 15 is installed on the left side of the sterilization and interception component 10. The filter screen 15 has a conventional structure, generally consisting of a filter screen support and a high-temperature filter layer. The filter screen support is preferably made of stainless steel or ceramic material, which has high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and structural stability. The filter screen 15 has an embedded structure, and its mounting frame is sealed to ensure that there is no gas leakage. A support beam 14 is provided in the middle of the negative pressure treatment box 11. A slide rail 16 is provided between the support beam 14 and the inner wall. The filter screen 15 slides along the slide rail 16 to achieve smooth insertion and removal, which is convenient for later replacement or cleaning, and the operation and maintenance are convenient and quick.

[0040] Working principle: During system operation, the waste gas generated by fermentation is introduced into the negative pressure treatment box 11 through the reverse feed cylinder 9. It is first sterilized at high temperature by the sterilization interception component 10. After sterilization, the exhaust gas continues to the filter screen 15 area. The filter screen 15 intercepts residual particulate matter and a small amount of untreated impurities through the high temperature filter layer, achieving further purification of the exhaust gas. This filter screen is set at the end of the flow path, playing a second-stage filtration role and improving the cleanliness of the exhaust gas. To facilitate maintenance and ensure long-term stable operation of the system, the filter screen 15 is designed as a removable structure and is installed on the slide rail 16. With the support of the support beam 14, it can be pushed and pulled along the slide rail direction for replacement. The slag discharge door 20 is set at the bottom of the negative pressure treatment box 11. After several operating cycles, the slag discharge door 20 is opened to discharge larger solid particles or tar condensates accumulated below the sterilization component, reducing the risk of equipment blockage or airflow obstruction.

[0041] Beneficial effects: This embodiment effectively solves the problems of particle accumulation and insufficient exhaust gas cleanliness during operation by adding a slag discharge door 20 and a pull-out filter screen 15 to the negative pressure treatment box 11; the slag discharge door 20 has a simple structure, which is convenient for regular manual or automatic cleaning and extends the service life of the treatment box; the filter screen 15 has a modular structure and is made of high-temperature corrosion-resistant materials, which can effectively block residual particles and has good replaceability, significantly improving the exhaust gas purification efficiency and system maintenance convenience; the introduction of the sliding rail structure makes filter screen maintenance more convenient and positioning more accurate, and is particularly suitable for continuous fermentation devices operating in complex environments with high temperature and high humidity.

[0042] Alternative or modified implementation methods The material of filter 15 can be selected from glass fiber filter layer, ceramic honeycomb or metal mesh composite type according to the nature of exhaust gas, so as to adapt to different dust particle size and temperature and humidity environment; The filter holder can be designed as a foldable or multi-module combination structure, which facilitates volume optimization and quick replacement; The slide rail 16 can be of different types, such as roller type, V-shaped rail or magnetic guide rail, to improve sliding stability and sealing. The slag discharge gate 20 can be equipped with an electric drive mechanism to achieve remote timed or sensor-based slag discharge.

[0043] In one possible implementation, a perforated plate 44 is provided inside the reverse feed cylinder 9 to initially intercept large particles entering the area, preventing them from entering the negative pressure treatment box 11 with the airflow and affecting the stable operation of the exhaust gas purification system. The perforated plate 44 is a metal sheet structure with uniformly distributed perforations, the size of which is designed according to the typical particle size of the material. The vibration guide frame 17 is connected to the perforated plate 44 via a connecting rod 45. During system operation, the vibration guide frame 17 receives vibration signals from the transducer or motor and transmits the vibration to the perforated plate 44 via the connecting rod 45, generating periodic vibrations, thereby effectively shaking off solid materials adhering to the surface of the perforated plate 44, achieving the purpose of "vibration cleaning" and ensuring unobstructed gas passage.

[0044] Working principle: In this embodiment, the perforated plate 44 serves as an internal structural component of the reverse feed cylinder 9, intercepting large particles of material. Simultaneously, under negative pressure, it works in conjunction with the reverse blades 19 to further prevent material from entering the negative pressure treatment chamber 11 with the airflow. In actual operation, due to the moisture or high viscosity of the material, it easily accumulates on the surface of the perforated plate 44, causing blockage. Therefore, a connecting rod 45 is provided to connect the perforated plate 44 to the vibration guide frame 17. The vibration transmitted from the vibration guide frame 17 causes the perforated plate 44 to vibrate at high frequency, thereby shaking off the material adhering to the surface, maintaining unobstructed passage and stable processing capacity. This vibration mode can be started at a time by a program control or automatically triggered by a pressure sensor detecting a blockage signal.

[0045] Beneficial effects: By setting the perforated plate 44 and connecting it to the vibration guide frame 17 to achieve screen cleaning vibration, this embodiment significantly improves the anti-clogging performance of the reverse feed cylinder 9 and the operational stability of the exhaust gas purification channel; the perforated plate 44 not only constructs a physical barrier between materials and exhaust gas to prevent large particles from entering the negative pressure treatment system, but also maintains its own permeability under the action of the vibration screen cleaning mechanism, reducing the frequency of manual maintenance; the connecting rod 45, as a flexible vibration transmission unit, can accurately introduce the excitation energy into the target part to achieve efficient cleaning and avoid the increase in operating resistance or the decrease in system efficiency due to the adhesion of dust.

[0046] Alternative or modified implementation methods The perforated plate 44 can have round holes, slots, ovals or honeycomb shapes to meet the interception requirements of materials of different shapes; In terms of materials, stainless steel, chromium-nickel alloy or corrosion-resistant ceramic composite plates can be selected to enhance wear resistance and high temperature resistance. The vibration guide frame 17 can be replaced with a piezoelectric sheet or an electromagnetic excitation device to achieve stronger vibration frequency control. The connecting rod 45 can be a flexible shaft, spring rod, or ball joint to adapt to vibration paths of different directions or amplitudes.

[0047] In one possible implementation, several temperature measuring and constant temperature components are arranged horizontally in the rotating cylinder 1. The temperature measuring distribution tube 38 is made of stainless steel and is arranged along the circumference of the rotating cylinder 1. Stirring shafts 37 are evenly arranged on the temperature measuring distribution tube 38 and are arranged along the tube body, structurally connected to the temperature measuring distribution tube 38 as one unit. This design can not only realize the continuous measurement of the temperature in different areas inside the rotating cylinder 1, but also disperse and distribute the organic waste material during the rotation of the cylinder, making the tightly clumped waste loose, and improving the fermentation contact area and efficiency.

[0048] Working principle: During equipment operation, each set of temperature measuring and constant temperature components deploys temperature probes at different circumferential positions on the rotating cylinder 1 through temperature distribution tubes 38. The probes continuously collect temperature signals at these points and transmit them to the central control system via signal lines. The central system combines data from multiple measuring points to perform thermal mapping, identifies local temperature difference changes, and adjusts the air supply system to achieve constant temperature control. Simultaneously, as the cylinder rotates, the stirring shaft 37 attached to the temperature distribution tube 38 moves under the action of gravity and centrifugal force, achieving the function of stirring and distributing the materials. The stirring shaft 37 is arranged along the circumference and forms an inner wall turbulence field during rotation, which breaks up and redistributes the adhering materials, reduces fermentation dead zones, and improves the uniformity of heat and microbial distribution.

[0049] Beneficial effects: This embodiment integrates temperature measurement, stirring, and material distribution functions into a single stainless steel temperature distribution tube 38, forming a multifunctional component that significantly reduces system complexity and installation space. The multi-point circumferential distribution not only improves temperature measurement accuracy and distribution range but also enhances the fluidity of materials within the cylinder and fermentation uniformity with the assistance of the stirring shaft 37. This effectively avoids problems such as temperature dead zones and loss of microbial activity caused by uneven material distribution in traditional equipment. Furthermore, the integrated design improves the reliability and ease of maintenance of the equipment, making it suitable for long-cycle, high-load industrial continuous fermentation systems.

[0050] Alternative or modified implementation methods The stirring shaft 37 can be hollow to reduce weight and adapt to operation in large equipment; The temperature probe can be replaced with an infrared temperature sensor or a thermocouple array to improve response speed or corrosion resistance.

[0051] In one possible implementation, a fixed discharge channel 13 is provided in the circumferential direction of the rotating cylinder 1 corresponding to the discharge port 8. The fixed discharge channel 13 does not directly contact the surface of the rotating cylinder 1, so it will not interfere with the rotation of the cylinder. The discharge port 8 rotates synchronously with the rotating cylinder 1, and the fermented material is introduced into the fixed discharge channel 13 by rotation to achieve centralized discharge. The lower end of the fixed discharge channel 13 is connected to the inlet of the discharge hopper 5 through a flexible connecting pipe 7 to maintain flexible connection and airtightness. A star-shaped unloader 4 is provided at the discharge port 8. The unloader is driven by a motor to rotate the impeller, realize the continuous quantitative discharge of material, and effectively isolate air to ensure that the discharge process is in an airtight state and avoid odor leakage. The star-shaped unloader 4 is made of cast steel or stainless steel, and its internal structure is a multi-impeller cavity. The speed can be adjusted with the PLC system to realize intelligent control.

[0052] Inside the unloading hopper 5, there is a baffle plate 6, which is used to separate solid organic waste from residual exhaust gas. The exhaust gas is drawn into the negative pressure treatment box 11 for further treatment through the negative pressure pipeline 43. In order to realize the recycling of liquid resources, the bottom of the unloading hopper 5 can also be connected to a liquid collection tank, and the discharged fermentation liquid is introduced into the storage tank or drainage system through the drain pipe.

[0053] Working principle: After fermentation, the rotary cylinder 1 continues to rotate, pushing the material to the discharge port 8. Since the discharge port 8 rotates with the cylinder, a periodic connection is established between its outlet and the fixed discharge channel 13, completing one full discharge cycle with each rotation. Through the rotating structure of the star-shaped discharger 4, synchronous material transfer and continuous discharge can be achieved, while maintaining a sealed state during the discharge process to prevent external air from entering the cylinder or odor from escaping. After the discharged material enters the discharge hopper 5, it first undergoes gas-solid separation through the perforated plate 6. The gas is drawn into the treatment system through the negative pressure pipeline 43, while the remaining liquid flows from below the perforated plate into the liquid collection tank for recycling, achieving the dual goals of tail gas purification and fermentation liquid resource utilization.

[0054] Beneficial effects: This embodiment designs the discharge port 8 to discharge material as the cylinder rotates, and provides a fixed discharge channel 13 connected to the discharge hopper 5 via a flexible connecting pipe 7, which does not interfere with the normal rotation of the cylinder and improves the structural independence and stability of the discharge system; the star-shaped discharger 4 ensures the airtightness of the system during discharge, avoids leakage of odorous gases, and supports continuous operation; the perforated plate 6 achieves gas-solid separation, improves tail gas treatment efficiency, and is equipped with a liquid collection tank to realize resource recovery of fermentation liquid; the overall structure is highly integrated, the discharge path is reasonable, and it is suitable for medium and large-scale automated fermentation device systems.

[0055] In one possible implementation, the feed sealing plate 3 is provided with a material inlet, which facilitates the feeding of processed organic waste into the rotary drum 1; a sealing fish scale 29 is provided between the feed sealing plate 3 and the rotary drum 1, and the sealing fish scale 29 contacts and seals with the outer wall of the rotary drum 1, and a flexible plate 27 is provided on its outer side; the flexible plate 27, the sealing fish scale 29 and the feed sealing plate 3 are fastened together by bolts to form a complete feed end sealing assembly, which effectively prevents gas or solid particles from leaking from the gaps.

[0056] A sealing ring assembly is also provided between the feed sealing plate 3 and the inner wall of the right end of the rotary cylinder 1. The sealing ring assembly includes a dynamic inner ring 26, a dynamic outer ring 28, and a static T-shaped ring 30. The static T-shaped ring 30 is an integrally formed structure with the feed sealing plate 3. Its vertical surface is in sealing contact with the side of the dynamic outer ring 28, and the dynamic outer ring 28 covers the outside of the dynamic inner ring 26. The upper ends of the dynamic outer ring 28 and the dynamic inner ring 26 correspond to the horizontal surface of the static T-shaped ring 30 but remain in a non-contact state. This structure utilizes the cooperation between static and dynamic components to achieve a dual sealing effect that combines dynamic and static elements, which can seal air and prevent material leakage.

[0057] Working principle: When material is fed into the rotary cylinder 1 through the material inlet of the feed sealing plate 3, the sealing fish scales 29 and the flexible plate 27 together form a flexible fit seal on the outer ring of the feed end, providing continuous edge sealing force during rotation to prevent material leakage due to centrifugal or impact effects; at the same time, the dynamic sealing ring assembly maintains effective sealing cooperation with the feed sealing plate 3 during the movement of the rotary cylinder 1. The dynamic outer ring 28 and the static T-shaped ring 30 always maintain a sealed fit on the vertical surface, while the dynamic inner ring 26 provides adaptive adjustment space for the micro-displacement of the cylinder axially, achieving a balance between sealing performance and smooth movement.

[0058] Beneficial effects: This embodiment achieves a sealing structure around the feed inlet by sealing the fish scales 29 and the flexible plate 27, which improves the impact resistance and flexible fit, and effectively copes with the deformation or vibration caused by the rotation of the cylinder; while the dynamic and static sealing ring assembly achieves efficient sealing of the feed end of the cylinder, forming a dual guarantee of airtightness and particle sealing; the combination of static T-ring 30 and dynamic ring ensures that even under high-speed rotation or high pressure differential conditions, it can still maintain excellent sealing effect, avoid material spillage and gas escape, and improve the stability and environmental performance of the entire system.

[0059] In one possible implementation, a double-layer heat-insulating structure is provided on the outer surface of the rotary cylinder 1. This structure consists of an outer heat-insulating jacket 41 and an inner heat-insulating jacket 42, which are fixed between the outer and inner wall surfaces of the rotary cylinder 1, respectively, to form a closed heat-insulating cavity to isolate the heat exchange between the inside and outside of the cylinder. The double-layer heat-insulating structure is filled with high-efficiency heat-insulating materials (such as ceramic fiber felt, aerogel composite layer, etc.) to maintain a stable temperature inside the fermentation cavity and prevent external temperature fluctuations from affecting the fermentation process.

[0060] The hot air distribution duct 33 is embedded in the heat-insulating layer in a spiral arrangement. Its inlet is located on the outside of the cylinder and connected to the heat source. Its outlet extends into the central area of ​​the rotating cylinder 1. The heat is conducted to the inside of the cylinder by the heat-insulating layer, ensuring that the hot air temperature is preheated before entering the cavity and avoiding the formation of local cold spots. The cold air distribution duct 35 does not pass through the heat-insulating layer and is directly arranged outside the equipment and connected to the outside air or cold source. Its outlet also extends to the central area of ​​the rotating cylinder 1. Both ducts are equipped with elbow-type terminal structures 36. The curved structure can effectively prevent materials from being sucked out by the wind and enhance the gas turbulence effect.

[0061] To prevent gas leakage, air inlets of hot air distribution duct 33 and cold air distribution duct 35 are equipped with airlock valves 34, and temperature control is achieved through a central control system.

[0062] Working principle: After the fermentation system is started, the double-layer heat-insulating structure insulates and stabilizes the temperature of the fermentation chamber through the heat-insulating material; the hot air distribution duct 33 starts to supply heat under the command of the PLC system, heats the inside of the heat-insulating layer with hot air along the spiral path, and delivers hot air close to the fermentation set temperature to the inside of the cylinder to achieve temperature rise control; the cold air distribution duct 35 is activated when the fermentation temperature is too high, and sends in cold air to reduce the system temperature.

[0063] The elbow-type terminal structure 36 of the two-pipe system enhances the wind speed disturbance effect and prevents material backflow; the airlock valve 34, in conjunction with the central control system, dynamically adjusts the opening and closing state based on the multi-point temperature information fed back by the temperature distribution pipe 38, so as to realize automatic temperature control and keep the fermentation chamber in the optimal constant temperature range.

[0064] Beneficial effects: This implementation method, by constructing a double-layer sandwich structure, greatly improves the system's heat preservation performance, reduces the impact of external interference on fermentation temperature control, and ensures stable operation of the system under different climatic conditions; the layered layout and spiral path design of the hot and cold air ducts not only improves airflow mixing efficiency but also ensures uniform heat transfer to the fermentation area; the elbow-type terminal structure enhances gas disturbance and avoids material blockage, and the dynamic control function of the airlock valve enables the system to have automated and intelligent temperature control capabilities; the overall structural design is scientific, the operation is stable, and it is suitable for energy efficiency control of industrial-grade large-scale fermentation systems.

[0065] Alternative or modified implementation methods The thermal outer jacket 41 and the thermal inner jacket 42 can be modularly combined for easy disassembly and cleaning; The insulation layer filler can be selected from materials such as aerogel, glass wool, and foam ceramics to suit different cost or heat conduction requirements depending on the region. The hot air duct 33 can be equipped with an electric heating tube or a steam heat exchange tube to improve the hot air temperature response speed. The cold air duct 35 can be connected to a chilled water heat exchanger system to improve cooling efficiency; The shape of the elbow-type terminal structure 36 can be designed as an "S", spiral or bend to increase the wind resistance and turbulence intensity. The airlock valve 34 can be an electric regulating valve or a pneumatic diaphragm valve to achieve more precise control; Temperature and humidity probes can be installed at the end of the duct to enable real-time detection and feedback control of airflow quality.

[0066] As one example, a large-scale rotary organic fermentation system suitable for mixed kitchen waste in urban and rural areas is implemented as follows: Step 1: Feeding and Sealing Organic waste, after being crushed and preliminarily dehydrated, with a moisture content controlled at around 60%, is fed into the rotary drum in batches of 300 kg. Simultaneously, 0.8 kg of aerobic fermentation agent is added through the agent feeding system. Feeding is completed through a sealed inlet located on the feed sealing plate, employing a flexible fish-scale seal combined with dynamic and static sealing rings for airtight sealing. The inlet is immediately closed and locked after feeding is complete. Step 2: Establishing the rotary fermentation environment Start the rotating cylinder and rotate it at a low speed of 0.5 rpm. The jacket layer contains 50mm thick ceramic insulation cotton, and the initial system temperature is 35℃; the hot air duct starts heating, raising the temperature inside the cylinder to the set value of 55℃, and then maintaining the temperature. Step 3: Dynamic adjustment of temperature and air supply During the fermentation process, the inside of the cylinder is equipped with a circumferentially distributed temperature measuring tube, with a set of temperature probes arranged every 90° to measure the temperature in real time. If any probe detects a temperature higher than 60°C, the PLC control system automatically opens the cold air distribution duct lock valve for ventilation and cooling. If the temperature is lower than 52°C, the hot air lock valve is opened to supplement heat, so that the temperature is kept constant between 52°C and 58°C. Step 4: Temperature Measurement and Fabric Stirring Linkage As the cylinder rotates, the stirring shaft and stirring distribution plate carried by the temperature measuring distribution tube break up the accumulated materials under the action of gravity, achieving uniform material distribution and anti-caking functions, ensuring a consistent activity environment for the microorganisms throughout the fermentation chamber, and improving fermentation efficiency. Step 5: Exhaust gas purification treatment When fermentation produces a large amount of gas (including NH3, H2S, etc.), the system starts the negative pressure exhaust system; the exhaust gas first passes through the reverse blades of the reverse material cylinder to prevent solids from being entrained, and then is introduced into the treatment box through the negative pressure pipeline; the treatment box is equipped with a 150~200℃ high temperature heating tube and a layered interception channel of the guide column, and at the same time, it is combined with ultrasonic vibration to remove surface deposits, complete gas sterilization and preliminary particle interception, and achieve sterile gas emission; Step Six: Automatic Sealed Unloading After 72 hours of fermentation, the system triggers the unloading procedure. The cylinder rotates, moving the material to the unloading port. The star-shaped unloader starts to rotate, discharging the fermentation product quantitatively into the unloading hopper at a speed of 20 RPM per minute. The process is kept completely sealed, with no odor escaping. Step 7: Gas-solid separation and liquid recovery The unloading hopper is equipped with an inclined perforated plate to extract and recycle the residual waste gas in the fermentation material, while the liquid is introduced into the storage tank through the liquid collection layer at the bottom of the perforated plate for agricultural fertilizer liquid recycling. Step 8: System Cleanup and Reset After every three cycles (approximately 9 days), open the slag discharge door at the bottom of the negative pressure treatment tank to remove accumulated sediment and replace the pull-out filter screen. The system then undergoes a high-temperature cleaning and is reloaded before starting the next fermentation cycle.

[0067] This fermentation method constructs a complete process flow from feeding, fermentation, temperature control, exhaust, discharge to cleaning and resetting; the core lies in realizing a three-in-one control strategy of "dynamic temperature control + airtight sealing + continuous operation"; it uses hot and cold air combined with temperature feedback to maintain the optimal temperature zone, uses vibration and high temperature to achieve exhaust gas sterilization, and uses a multi-stage sealing system and a star-shaped unloader to ensure the airtightness of the entire system. The overall process is highly integrated and suitable for industrial and rural centralized treatment application scenarios.

[0068] Beneficial effects: This fermentation method achieves intelligent and automated control of the fermentation environment, temperature, gas emissions, and material input and output. Each step incorporates closed-loop feedback logic to ensure process stability, efficiency, and environmental friendliness. Integrated stirring, temperature measurement, and sterilization devices improve fermentation reaction rate and quality, shortening the fermentation cycle. The system supports continuous feeding and discharging, making it suitable for large-scale operations and significantly improving production capacity and system reliability. The exhaust gas treatment and leachate recovery structures also enhance resource utilization efficiency and emission control levels.

[0069] The temperature probe 40 transmits the real-time temperature signal to the central control system. The central control system compares and analyzes the temperature value of each temperature measuring point with the upper and lower limits of the set constant temperature range. When the temperature value of any temperature measuring point exceeds the set upper limit threshold, the system automatically commands the airlock valve 34 of the cold air distribution duct 35 to open, introducing cold air for ventilation and cooling. Conversely, when the temperature value is lower than the set lower limit, the system controls the airlock valve 34 of the hot air distribution duct 33 to open, introducing hot air for heating and temperature compensation.

[0070] The feedback regulation process is a closed-loop control. The central system continuously receives and analyzes temperature signals and applies the regulation action to the airlock valve actuator to achieve continuous dynamic adjustment of the internal temperature of the rotary cylinder 1, so that the temperature is always maintained within the preset constant temperature range (such as 52℃ to 58℃), ensuring the stability of the thermal environment required for aerobic fermentation.

[0071] As one example, this method is suitable for the high-moisture co-fermentation of agricultural straw and livestock manure mixtures. Background conditions: The material has a moisture content of about 70%, a low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (the C / N ratio of straw is about 60, and the C / N ratio of manure is 15), and requires a long fermentation cycle.

[0072] Implementation details: Feeding ratio: Chop the straw into sections and mix it with pig manure at a mass ratio of 2:1, and adjust the mixture to a moisture content of 65%; Add 0.6% of a thermophilic bacterial strain (thermophilic bacteria); The starting temperature of the rotary drum is set to 42℃, and the target maintenance temperature range is 55~65℃. The density of the temperature measurement system has been increased to one group of probes every 60° to ensure accurate temperature control. The hot air supply frequency is relatively high, and the control system adopts a short-cycle adjustment mode (monitoring and adjusting once every 5 minutes). The fermentation cycle was extended to 5 days, and the fermentation was stopped for 24 hours before the final unloading to stabilize and mature the material.

[0073] Effect evaluation: The pH of the treated fermented material is maintained at around 7.2, and the organic matter degradation rate reaches 58%, making it suitable as compost masterbatch or soil amendment substrate.

[0074] The role of C / N ratio in fermentation Carbon source (C): provides energy for microorganisms; Nitrogen source (N): Used for the synthesis of proteins and enzymes in microorganisms.

[0075] If the C / N ratio is too high (e.g., from a single type of straw): Insufficient nitrogen source leads to slow microbial reproduction; The fermentation cycle is prolonged, resulting in insufficient heat generation.

[0076] If the C / N ratio is too low (e.g., pure feces): Excess nitrogen will produce too much ammonia. It easily produces a foul odor, causes drastic pH fluctuations, and can lead to microbial poisoning.

[0077] As one possible implementation, it is applicable to the co-processing of urban kitchen waste and a small amount of garden waste. Background conditions: Kitchen waste contains a lot of oil and is prone to acidification and decomposition; it is necessary to control pH fluctuations and inhibit anaerobic reactions.

[0078] Implementation details: Initial mixing: 70% kitchen waste, 30% garden twigs, C / N ratio adjusted to 25; Add deacidification buffering materials such as charcoal powder (2% by mass) and compound microbial agents; The cylinder's heat-insulating structure uses a silicon carbide aerogel insulation layer to enhance temperature control performance during low-temperature seasons; The temperature control strategy adopts zoned control, that is, the first half maintains a medium temperature (45℃), and the second half rises to a high temperature (60~65℃) to inhibit acid production; The exhaust gas treatment focuses on ammonia and volatile fatty acids, which are controlled by adding a high-temperature sterilization section and an activated carbon module. The fermentation cycle is controlled to be 3 days.

[0079] Effect evaluation: The volatile acid content was controlled below 200mg / kg, the odor of the discharged material was greatly reduced, and the rapid decomposition and transformation of kitchen waste was effectively promoted.

[0080] As one possible implementation, it is suitable for outdoor low-temperature operation scenarios in cold regions. Background conditions: Outdoor temperature is below 5℃, resulting in high heat loss during fermentation, making it difficult for ordinary equipment to maintain efficient fermentation.

[0081] Implementation details: The cylinder is equipped with a double-layer structure consisting of an outer insulation cotton layer and an inner wall infrared heating film. The hot air inlet duct spirals into the heat-insulating layer, and the inlet air temperature is stably controlled at 70℃. The make-up air system uses a combination of electric heated air and insulated air box, with airlock valve for closed control; The cylinder rotation speed is slightly reduced (0.3 rpm) to decrease heat loss; The fermentation cycle is 4-5 days, and the energy consumption and temperature compensation curve are evaluated every 48 hours of system operation.

[0082] Performance evaluation: Energy consumption was stably controlled within 40kWh per batch, the average daily operating temperature in winter was not lower than 55℃, and the fermentation efficiency was not significantly different from that in areas with normal temperature.

[0083] As an additional improvement: In the process of aerobic fermentation and exhaust gas thermal inactivation of organic waste, the vibration guiding structure (such as vibration guiding column and vibration guiding frame) usually undertakes multiple functions such as gas disturbance, heat conduction and vibration energy transmission. However, due to the water vapor, humic particles and some tar-like substances carried in the high-temperature exhaust gas, it is very easy to form an adhesion layer on the surface of the structure, causing a decrease in heat exchange efficiency and gas passage blockage, which seriously affects the stability of continuous operation of the device.

[0084] To address the aforementioned issues, a "self-cleaning vibration guide structure and residue removal device" is proposed, which enables continuous automatic cleaning of the vibration guide surface, significantly reducing the frequency of manual maintenance and ensuring smooth airflow and stable sterilization efficiency.

[0085] This device mainly includes the following structural modules: 1. High-temperature resistant elastic self-cleaning diaphragm assembly It is placed on the surface of the vibration guide column or vibration guide frame, and the material is selected as fluororubber, silicone or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composite film with a thickness of 1~3mm; The diaphragm has good high-temperature anti-adhesion properties and good flexibility, and can generate slight vibrations with the vibration frequency. Under the action of ultrasound or high-frequency vibration, the surface of the membrane vibrates, generating desorption shear force, which causes the adhered particles to fall off.

[0086] 2. Vibration-guided excitation system Includes external transducers, vibration transmission rods, and vibration guide supports; The transducer outputs ultrasonic waves (2040kHz) or low-frequency mechanical vibrations (50-100Hz), which are transmitted to the guide column through the vibration transmission rod. The vibration signal can be automatically activated at a set time interval, with each operation lasting 5 to 20 seconds to avoid thermal fatigue caused by continuous operation.

[0087] 3. Bottom scraper and aerosol-assisted cleaning components A reciprocating scraper mechanism is installed below the vibration guide column or interception component; The scraper is made of heat-resistant stainless steel or polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and can move back and forth horizontally via a slide rail, driving the attached residue to slide towards the slag discharge port. Micro-mist nozzles or air nozzles are installed on both sides of the scraper track to spray a small amount of water mist or compressed air to enhance the removal of adhering substances.

[0088] III. Control Methods and Linkage Logic The vibration guidance and excitation system is connected to the controller and triggers a cleaning action at regular intervals during each fermentation cycle. The scraper mechanism's operating cycle is linked to the vibration guidance system to ensure that particles are scraped off in a timely manner after being shaken off. The cleaning frequency can be adaptively adjusted based on operating status and sensor feedback, forming an intelligent self-cleaning closed-loop control mechanism.

[0089] IV. Beneficial Effects and Technological Value It enables automatic desorption during dynamic operation, avoiding heat exchange failure or airway blockage caused by particle deposition; Extend the service life of vibration guiding components and reduce structural wear caused by frequent manual cleaning; Improve the stability and continuity of the exhaust gas sterilization device to meet the requirements of long-cycle operation; It can be combined with a negative pressure extraction system and a slag discharge door to form a closed-loop high-temperature exhaust gas purification and cleaning chain.

[0090] As an additional improvement, this solution proposes to install multi-layered turbulence delay components within the exhaust gas passage structure. The overall system mainly includes the following core modules: 1. Multi-layered turbulence channel plate assembly Install 3 to 6 sets of turbulence channel plates along the airflow path inside the negative pressure treatment box (or exhaust gas passage cavity); Each channel plate adopts an eccentric circular hole + staggered arrangement structure, or is equipped with a sawtooth wave-shaped channel opening; The plates form staggered flow channels, and the exhaust gas is forced to repeatedly turn back as it passes through, resulting in a decrease in flow velocity and the formation of high-frequency vortex disturbances.

[0091] 2. High-temperature thermal inactivation zone Infrared ceramic heating elements or high-temperature silicon carbide rods are embedded between the channel plates to heat the local gas to 150~200℃. The heating element can be equipped with a temperature control probe to achieve dynamic heating adjustment in zones with the main control system, thereby improving energy efficiency. By using a dual mechanism of turbulence and heating, the gas can achieve "extended high-temperature residence time" in the cavity.

[0092] 3. Functional surface treatment The surface of the channel plate can be coated with a high-temperature resistant, anti-adhesion ceramic coating to prevent dust accumulation; To enhance deodorization, an activated carbon cloth / titanium dioxide photocatalytic layer can be embedded to provide a decomposition channel for volatile organic compounds in some exhaust gas cooling sections.

[0093] Working principle explanation The exhaust gas from the fermentation system enters the turbulent sterilization structure under negative pressure. As the airflow passes through multiple eccentric holes / corrugated channels, its direction and velocity are constantly disturbed, forming a high-density vortex state. Because the channel path is extended, the actual residence time of the gas in the heating area is significantly increased (2 to 4 times longer than that of a straight channel). The synergistic effect of high temperature and flow disturbance significantly improves the heat inactivation rate of pathogens and viral particles; The exhaust gas can then undergo further dehumidification, cooling, and emission standard treatment, significantly reducing odor, corrosiveness, and biological risks. Beneficial effects

[0094] Extended thermal contact time: The turbulence + delayed path design breaks the traditional single-segment through-pass structure, which enhances the "retention and inactivation" effect of exhaust gas in the hot zone; Improve sterilization thoroughness: especially against spore-forming strains or heat-resistant pathogens, multiple heat exposures are created to increase the kill rate; Suitable for treating malodorous exhaust gases: gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide can be initially decomposed and suppressed within this structure, reducing downstream pressure; Improve system continuity and fault tolerance: Airflow disturbance has its own particulate scouring ability, which helps to reduce the accumulation of dust and scale; Modular installation into existing systems: This structure has independent modular characteristics, which facilitates the transformation and upgrading of existing negative pressure boxes.

[0095] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed.

Claims

1. A rotary fermentation device for treating organic waste, comprising a rotary drum (1), a negative pressure treatment chamber (11), a make-up air system, and a temperature measurement and control component, characterized in that: The right end of the rotary cylinder (1) is connected to a counter-rotating cylinder (9). Counter-rotating blades (19) are provided on the inner circumference of the counter-rotating cylinder (9). A sealing moving ring (22) is provided on the left circumference of the counter-rotating cylinder (9). Two sealing moving rings (22) are provided, and an annular sealing groove is formed between them. The air inlet of the negative pressure treatment box (11) is stuck in the annular sealing groove and does not contact the bottom of the annular sealing groove. A static sealing body (25) is provided between the negative pressure treatment box (11) and the counter-rotating cylinder (9). A sterilization interception component is provided inside the negative pressure treatment box (11). (10) The sterilization and interception assembly (10) includes a vibration guide frame (17), an inverted U-shaped partition (18), and a middle partition (21). The lower end of the middle partition (21) contacts the bottom of the negative pressure treatment box (11), and the upper end is set in the inverted U-shaped partition (18). Sterilization and interception channels are formed on both sides of the middle partition (21). Vibration guide columns (32) are arranged between the inverted U-shaped partitions (18). Heating tubes (31) are arranged at equal intervals on the vibration guide columns (32). The heating tubes (31) and the vibration guide columns (32) form an interception net with several layers of interception nets. A vibration transmission rod (12) is provided at the upper end of the U-shaped partition (18), and the vibration transmission rod (12) is connected to an external transducer. A feed blade (2) is provided inside the rotary cylinder (1), and a feed sealing plate (3) is provided at the left end of the rotary cylinder (1). The air supply system includes a hot air distribution duct (33) and a cold air distribution duct (35). One end of the hot air distribution duct (33) and the cold air distribution duct (35) extend into the interior of the rotary cylinder (1). The temperature measuring and constant temperature component includes a temperature measuring distribution pipe (38), and one end of the temperature measuring distribution pipe (38) extends into the rotary cylinder (1). Inside the cylinder (1), temperature distribution tubes (38) are arranged along the circumference of the rotating cylinder (1). A stirring distribution plate (39) is installed on the temperature distribution tubes (38). The lengths of the temperature distribution tubes (38) on the same plane are not the same. A temperature probe (40) is installed at the inner end of the temperature distribution tubes (38). A discharge port (8) is installed on the rotating cylinder (1). A discharge hopper (5) is installed below the discharge port (8). The discharge hopper (5) is connected to the negative pressure treatment box (11) through a negative pressure pipeline (43). A star-shaped discharger (4) is installed at the discharge port (8). The left end of the reverse feed cylinder (9) is set with a tapered constriction structure. A metal skeleton is set inside the static sealing body (25). A rubber sealing structure is vulcanized on the outer surface of the metal skeleton. The left side of the static sealing body (25) is fixed on the negative pressure treatment box (11). A sealing outer ring (24) is set at the right end of the static sealing body (25). The sealing outer ring (24) contacts and seals with the inclined surface of the reverse feed cylinder (9). A sealing inner lip (23) is set below the static sealing body (25). Two sealing inner lips (23) are set, and the lower end of the sealing inner lip (23) corresponds to the bottom of the annular sealing groove, forming a double lip sealing structure. The sealing moving ring (22) on the right side is located between the sealing inner lip (23) and the sealing outer ring (24). The outer circumference of the sealing moving ring (22) corresponds to the static sealing body (25) and does not contact it.

2. The rotary fermentation device for treating organic waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the negative pressure treatment box (11) is provided with a slag discharge door (20), the left side of the sterilization interception component (10) is provided with a filter screen (15), the negative pressure treatment box (11) is provided with a support beam (14), and the support beam (14) and the inner wall of the negative pressure treatment box (11) are respectively provided with slide rails (16), and the filter screen (15) slides in contact with the slide rails (16).

3. The rotary fermentation device for treating organic waste according to claim 2, characterized in that: A perforated plate (44) is installed inside the reverse feed cylinder (9), and a connecting rod (45) is installed between the vibration guide frame (17) and the perforated plate (44).

4. The rotary fermentation device for treating organic waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: Several temperature measuring and constant temperature components are arranged horizontally. The temperature measuring distribution tube (38) is made of stainless steel and a stirring shaft (37) is provided on the temperature measuring distribution tube (38). The stirring shaft (37) is evenly arranged along the circumference of the temperature measuring distribution tube (38).

5. A rotary fermentation device for treating organic waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fixed discharge channel (13) is provided in the circumferential direction of the rotary cylinder (1) corresponding to the discharge port (8). The fixed discharge channel (13) does not contact the surface of the rotary cylinder (1). The lower end of the fixed discharge channel (13) is connected to the feed port of the discharge hopper (5) through a flexible connecting pipe (7). A strainer (6) is provided inside the discharge hopper (5).

6. A rotary fermentation device for treating organic waste according to claim 3, characterized in that: A material inlet is provided on the feed sealing plate (3). A sealing fish scale plate (29) is provided between the feed sealing plate (3) and the rotary cylinder (1). The sealing fish scale plate (29) is in contact with the rotary cylinder (1) for sealing. A flexible plate (27) is provided on the outside of the sealing fish scale plate (29). The flexible plate (27), the sealing fish scale plate (29), and the feed sealing plate (3) are fixedly connected by bolts. A sealing seal is provided between the feed sealing plate (3) and the inner wall of the right end of the rotary cylinder (1). The sealing ring assembly includes a dynamic inner ring (26), a dynamic outer ring (28), and a static T-shaped ring (30). The static T-shaped ring (30) and the feed sealing plate (3) are integrated. The dynamic inner ring (26) is located inside the dynamic outer ring (28). The side of the dynamic outer ring (28) is in contact with the vertical surface of the static T-shaped ring (30) for sealing. The upper ends of the dynamic outer ring (28) and the dynamic inner ring (26) are in horizontal contact with the static T-shaped ring (30) but are not in contact.

7. A rotary fermentation device for treating organic waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: A double-layer heat-insulating layer structure is provided on the surface of the rotating cylinder (1). The double-layer heat-insulating layer structure includes an outer heat-insulating jacket (41) and an inner heat-insulating jacket (42). The outer heat-insulating jacket (41) and the inner heat-insulating jacket (42) are respectively provided on the outer surface and the inner surface of the rotating cylinder (1). The hot air distribution pipe (33) is spirally arranged in the heat-insulating layer of the cylinder. The cold air distribution pipe (35) does not pass through the heat-insulating layer and is directly placed in the external air. One end of the hot air distribution pipe (33) and the cold air distribution pipe (35) extends to the center of the axis of the rotating cylinder (1). The inner ends of the hot air distribution pipe (33) and the cold air distribution pipe (35) are respectively provided as elbow-type terminal structures (36).

8. A rotary fermentation method for treating organic waste, characterized in that, The rotary fermentation device for treating organic waste according to any one of claims 1-7 includes the following steps: Step 1: Feeding and sealing. The pretreated organic waste and bacteria are fed into the rotary drum (1) through the feed port of the feed sealing plate (3). The feeding process is completed by the sealing structure of the feed sealing plate (3). Fish scale sealing and dynamic and static ring structure are adopted to ensure that no gas escape or particle leakage occurs when the material is fed. Step 2: Establishing a rotary fermentation environment. Start the rotary cylinder (1) to rotate at low speed, so that the material inside the cylinder is gradually mixed during the tumbling process and pushed towards the discharge port (8); The rotary cylinder (1) is equipped with a double-layer heat-insulating layer structure, which is filled with heat-insulating material to maintain a constant temperature fermentation environment. Step 3: Dynamic adjustment of temperature and air supply. During the fermentation process, the air supply system adjusts the temperature in real time. Both the hot air distribution pipe (33) and the cold air distribution pipe (35) are equipped with airlock valves (34), which are automatically opened or closed by the PLC system according to the internal temperature changes. Step 4: Temperature measurement, material distribution and stirring integrated control. Temperature distribution tubes (38) are arranged along the circumference inside the rotating cylinder (1). Each temperature distribution tube is equipped with a temperature probe (40) at the end to collect temperature information of different parts of the cylinder in real time. The stirring shaft (37) on the temperature distribution tube (38) and the stirring distribution plate (39) are used to disperse and distribute the material evenly during the rotation process to prevent dead corners and improve fermentation efficiency. Step 5: Exhaust gas negative pressure extraction and high temperature sterilization treatment. After the fermentation reaches the set time, the negative pressure system is turned on. The fermentation exhaust gas in the rotary drum (1) is introduced into the negative pressure treatment box (11) through the reverse material cylinder (9). The heating pipe (31) in the negative pressure treatment box (11) heats the sterilization channel to 150~200℃; high temperature inactivation and airflow disturbance purification of bacteria and harmful microorganisms in the exhaust gas. Step 6: Continuous unloading. After fermentation is completed, the material moves to the unloading port (8) along with the rotating cylinder (1). The star-shaped unloader (4) is driven by a motor to rotate the impeller, which discharges the material quantitatively and continuously, and maintains the airtightness and operational stability of the fermentation system. Step 7: Gas-solid separation. The discharged fermented material enters the lower unloading hopper (5), where the internal baffle (6) separates the solid organic matter from the residual tail gas. The separated tail gas is then returned to the negative pressure treatment box (11) through the negative pressure pipeline (43) for treatment to ensure that the emissions meet environmental protection standards. Step 8: Slag discharge and system reset. After running continuously for a period of time, large particles of impurities or residues accumulated in the negative pressure treatment box (11) are discharged through the slag discharge door (20) at the bottom of the negative pressure treatment box (11). At the same time, after replacing or cleaning the filter screen (15), the entire system can re-enter the next cycle of operation.

9. The rotary fermentation method for treating organic waste according to claim 8, characterized in that: The temperature probe (40) transmits the temperature signal to the central control system. When the temperature at any temperature measurement point is higher than the set upper limit, the central control system controls the airlock valve (34) of the cold air distribution duct (35) to open for ventilation and cooling. When the temperature is lower than the set lower limit, the airlock valve (34) of the hot air distribution duct (33) is controlled to open for hot air replenishment. This achieves dynamic adjustment of the internal temperature of the rotary cylinder (1) and keeps it within the preset constant temperature range.

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