Precise mechanical part processing and polishing machine

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of part polishing, in particular to a precision mechanical part machining and polishing machine, comprising a base and a rotating base arranged at the center of the base, and four clamping assemblies connected to the outer side of the rotating base; the clamping assembly comprises a driving seat connected to the rotating base, and a left clamping plate and a right clamping plate arranged on the driving seat and movable towards each other to clamp a workpiece. The present application realizes continuous automatic production of feeding, polishing, detection and unloading through the cooperation of the rotating base and the four-station design, thereby improving the production efficiency; through the structure of the speed reducer, a single driving motor can be used to synchronously drive the polishing roller to rotate at high speed and indirectly drive the workpiece to rotate at low speed, thereby realizing efficient polishing by utilizing the speed difference, reducing the number of power sources and lowering the equipment manufacturing cost; through the mechanical cooperation of the energy storage assembly and the arc-shaped slide rail, the mechanical energy in the polishing process is stored and released during the detection stage, thereby driving the workpiece to rotate at a constant speed to complete high-quality detection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of polishing technology for parts and components, and in particular to a polishing machine for precision mechanical parts. Background Technology

[0002] For precision mechanical parts, such as precision shafts, sleeves, and pins, surface polishing is a crucial finishing process during manufacturing, directly impacting the parts' performance, fatigue strength, and assembly accuracy. Currently, polishing of these parts is typically performed using specialized polishing equipment, the performance of which is closely related to the manufacturing level of industrial automatic control systems. Most existing polishing equipment is a single-station design, meaning that loading, clamping, polishing, inspection, and unloading must be completed in the same location or by operators transferring workpieces between different machines. This working mode presents a significant efficiency bottleneck; the equipment needs frequent start-stop cycles for loading, unloading, and inspection during polishing, hindering continuous production and severely limiting the improvement of processing efficiency. This makes it difficult to meet the efficiency requirements of modern large-scale production and also places higher demands on the integration and intelligence of industrial automatic control system manufacturing.

[0003] Patent number CN201922085914.3 discloses a metal parts polishing machine, including a frame and a fixing block. The fixing block is fixedly connected to the top right side of the frame. A polishing mechanism is provided on the upper inner side of the frame. A polishing cylinder is fixedly connected to the inner side of the first straight rod. A filter plate is fixedly connected to the inner lower end of the polishing cylinder. A cover plate is attached to the lower end of the filter plate. The cover plate is fixedly connected to the polishing cylinder by external bolts.

[0004] When the above-mentioned device is in use, the equipment needs to be frequently started and stopped during the polishing process for loading, unloading and testing, which makes it impossible to achieve continuous production and difficult to meet the efficiency requirements of modern large-scale production. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a precision mechanical parts processing and polishing machine to solve the problem of low efficiency caused by the inability of existing equipment to achieve continuous automated production.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a precision mechanical parts processing and polishing machine, including a base and a rotating base disposed at the center thereon, wherein four clamping components are connected to the outside of the rotating base; The clamping assembly includes a drive base connected to a rotating base. The drive base is provided with a left clamping plate and a right clamping plate that can move towards each other to clamp the workpiece. A side support plate is also fixed on the rotating base. A telescopic member is rotatably provided on the side support plate. One end of the telescopic member is connected to the left clamping plate, and the other end is connected to the driven wheel. The polishing section, located on the left side of the rotating base, includes a frame and a polishing roller rotatably mounted inside it. One end of the frame is equipped with a drive motor that drives the polishing roller to rotate, and the other end is equipped with a speed reducer. The speed reducer is equipped with a main drive wheel. The speed reducer is configured to reduce the rotation of the polishing roller and transmit it to the main drive wheel. The base is also equipped with a support member for driving the polishing section to move vertically. The detection component, located on the rear side of the rotating base, is used to detect the polishing quality of the workpiece; The energy storage component includes a sliding guide rail located at the outer end of the drive base and a sliding block slidably disposed on the sliding guide rail. The sliding block is provided with an energy storage box with a scroll, and an auxiliary drive wheel is mounted on the scroll. Its rotation can cause the energy storage box to store energy. An arc-shaped slide rail is located between the polishing section and the detection component. When the auxiliary drive wheel moves along it, it can rotate and rise. The arc-shaped slide rail has a recessed clearance and a support plate at the end near the detection component. When the auxiliary drive wheel moves to the bottom of the detection component, it abuts against the driven wheel and the sliding block is supported by the support plate at the clearance. The energy storage box releases energy to drive the auxiliary drive wheel to drive the driven wheel and the workpiece to rotate.

[0007] Furthermore, a bidirectional lead screw is rotatably arranged in the internal cavity of the drive seat, and a moving block is screwed onto each of the two reverse threads of the bidirectional lead screw; a limiting groove is provided on the top of the drive seat, and two sets of sliding blocks are slidably arranged in the limiting groove. The bottom of the two sets of sliding blocks are respectively connected to the corresponding moving blocks, and a connecting arm is fixed on the top of each set. The two connecting arms are rotatably connected to the left clamping plate and the right clamping plate respectively; a drive wheel for driving the bidirectional lead screw to rotate is provided at one end of the drive seat.

[0008] Furthermore, the telescopic component includes a sleeve shaft rotatably mounted on the side support plate, with a pivot shaft slidably fitted inside the sleeve shaft; the inner cavity of the sleeve shaft is provided with a guide groove, and a guide slider that cooperates with the guide groove is fixed on the outer periphery of the pivot shaft to restrict the pivot shaft from rotating with the sleeve shaft; the end of the sleeve shaft is fixedly connected to the driven wheel, and the connecting arm corresponding to the left clamping plate is rotatably fitted outside the pivot shaft, and the end of the pivot shaft is connected to the axis of the left clamping plate.

[0009] Furthermore, the reduction gear includes a differential housing fixed to the frame. The differential housing has a fixed shaft on its exterior and a first differential wheel and a second differential wheel meshing with each other inside. The first differential wheel has more teeth than the second differential wheel. The gear shaft of the first differential wheel is connected to the roller shaft of the polishing roller, and the gear shaft of the second differential wheel is connected to the fixed shaft. The fixed shaft is connected to the main drive wheel via a transmission unit.

[0010] Furthermore, the transmission unit includes a limiting guide rail mounted on the differential housing, with an isolation block fixed in the middle of the limiting guide rail. An upper adjustment module and a lower adjustment module, which slide and cooperate with the limiting guide rail, are slidably mounted above and below the isolation block, respectively. A first spring is provided between the isolation block and the lower adjustment module, and a second spring is provided between the isolation block and the upper adjustment module, with the elastic force of the first spring being greater than that of the second spring. The lower adjustment module is rotatably connected to the main drive wheel. Sprockets are mounted on the upper adjustment module, the mounting shaft of the main drive wheel, and the fixed shaft, and all three are connected by the same transmission chain.

[0011] Furthermore, the detection component includes a second column fixed to the base, with a mounting plate fixed to the top of the second column and a flatness detector for detecting the quality of the polished surface of the workpiece disposed at its bottom.

[0012] Furthermore, a material unloading mechanism is provided on the side of the mounting plate away from the second column. This unloading mechanism includes an electric push rod fixed to the mounting plate, with a material unloading wheel rotatably mounted at the bottom of the electric push rod. An active motor for driving the rotation of the material unloading wheel is also provided on the electric push rod. When the flatness detector detects that the workpiece is unqualified, the electric push rod pushes the material unloading wheel down to contact the active wheel, and drives the material unloading wheel to rotate through the active motor. This, in turn, causes the active wheel to rotate so that the left clamping plate and the right clamping plate move in opposite directions, thereby realizing the unloading of the workpiece on the detection component side.

[0013] Furthermore, a finished product unloading section is provided on the right side of the rotating base. The finished product unloading section includes a third column fixed on the base. The top of the third column is also provided with the unloading mechanism, which is used to unload qualified workpieces on the side of the finished product unloading section.

[0014] Furthermore, the energy storage box includes a box body fixedly connected to the sliding block, the scroll is rotatably disposed in the inner cavity of the box body, a coil spring is disposed in the box body, one end of the coil spring is connected to the scroll, and the other end is connected to the inner wall of the box body; the shaft of the auxiliary drive wheel is connected to the scroll.

[0015] Furthermore, the driven wheel has an axial toothed groove at the center of its outer periphery.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The combination of a rotating base and a four-station design enables continuous automated production of material loading, polishing, inspection, and unloading, reducing waiting time between processes and improving production efficiency. Through a speed reduction transmission structure, a single drive motor can synchronously drive the polishing roller to rotate at high speed and indirectly drive the workpiece to rotate at low speed, utilizing the speed difference to achieve efficient polishing, reducing the number of power sources and lowering equipment manufacturing costs. Through the mechanical cooperation of the energy storage component and the arc-shaped slide rail, the mechanical energy generated during the polishing process is stored and released during the inspection stage, driving the workpiece to rotate at a uniform speed to complete high-quality inspection, achieving inspection station operation without an external power source, further demonstrating the energy efficiency and high performance of the equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only for this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping assembly structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure of the clamping assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 Embodiments of the present invention Figure 3 A magnified structural diagram of A in the middle; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the energy storage component structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the energy storage box according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the polishing section structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 Embodiments of the present invention Figure 7 A magnified structural diagram of B in the diagram; Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the differential housing portion according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the arc-shaped track section structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 11 Embodiments of the present invention Figure 10 A magnified structural diagram of C; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the detection component structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the unloading structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] The diagram is marked as follows: 1. Base; 11. Rotating base; 2. Clamping assembly; 21. Drive seat; 211. Bidirectional lead screw; 212. Moving block; 213. Driving wheel; 214. Limiting groove; 22. Left clamping arm; 221. Connecting arm; 222. Pivot shaft; 223. Left clamping plate; 224. Guide slider; 23. Right clamping plate; 24. Side support plate; 241. Sleeve shaft; 242. Driven wheel; 243. Guide groove; 25. Sliding guide rail; 251. Sliding block; 26. Energy storage box; 261. Box body; 262. Reel; 263. Coil spring; 27. Auxiliary drive wheel; 3. Polishing section; 31. Frame; 32. Polishing roller; 33. Drive motor; 34. First column; 35. Electric adjusting push rod; 4. Reducer; 41. Differential housing; 411. Limit guide rail; 412. Isolation block; 413. Upper adjusting module; 414. Lower adjusting module; 415. Drive chain; 416. First spring; 417. Second spring; 42. First differential wheel; 43. Second differential wheel; 44. Fixed shaft; 5. Main drive wheel; 6. Arc-shaped slide rail; 61. Recessed clearance opening; 62. Support plate; 7. Detection component; 71. Mounting plate; 72. Flatness detector; 73. Unloading mechanism; 731. Electric push rod; 732. Unloading wheel; 733. Drive motor; 74. Second column; 8. Finished product unloading section; 81. Third column. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0021] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0022] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 , Figure 11 , Figure 12 , Figure 13 As shown, a precision mechanical parts processing and polishing machine includes a base 1 and a rotating base 11 located at the center of the base 11. The rotating base 11 can be driven by a built-in drive motor (not shown) to rotate intermittently. Four clamping components 2 are evenly arranged on the outer periphery of the rotating base 11. The four sides of the rotating base 11 correspond to four workstations: loading, polishing, inspection and unloading. The clamping assembly 2 includes a drive base 21 connected to the rotating base 11. The drive base 21 is provided with a left clamping plate 223 and a right clamping plate 23 that can move towards each other to clamp the workpiece. By rotating the drive wheel 213 in both directions, the left clamping plate 223 and the right clamping plate 23 can be controlled to clamp or release the workpiece. To achieve adaptive clamping of workpieces of different lengths and linkage with the drive mechanism, a side support plate 24 is fixed on the rotating base 11. A telescopic component is rotatably mounted on the side support plate 24 via a bearing. The telescopic component is coaxially fixedly connected to the driven wheel 242 and fixedly connected to the rotation center of the left clamping plate 223. Thus, the rotation of the driven wheel 242 can drive the left clamping plate 223 and the workpiece it clamps to rotate through the telescopic component. At the same time, the telescopic component can extend and retract axially, thereby adapting to workpieces of different sizes.

[0023] The polishing section 3 is located on the left side of the rotating base 11. It mainly includes a frame 31 fixed on the base 1, and a polishing roller 32 is rotatably mounted in the frame 31 via bearings. A drive motor 33 is installed at one end of the frame 31 to drive the polishing roller 32 to rotate at high speed for polishing. A speed reducer 4 is installed at the other end. The input shaft of the speed reducer 4 is connected to the roller shaft of the polishing roller 32, and a main drive wheel 5 is provided at its output end. The speed reducer 4 is configured to reduce the high-speed rotation of the polishing roller 32 and then transmit it to the main drive wheel 5. When the rotating base 11 rotates the clamping assembly 2 holding the workpiece to the polishing position, the main drive wheel 5 and the driven wheel 242 corresponding to the workpiece enter a meshing state, thereby driving the workpiece to rotate at a speed much lower than that of the polishing roller. The speed difference between the two is used to achieve comprehensive and efficient polishing of the workpiece surface. The support includes a first column 34 fixed on the base 1. An electric adjustment push rod 35 is fixed at the top end of the first column 34. The electric adjustment push rod 35 is connected to the top of the frame 31 and is used to adjust the height of the polishing section 3.

[0024] The detection component 7 is located on the rear side of the rotating base 11 and is used to detect the polishing quality of the workpiece. To achieve powerless drive of the workpiece during inspection, an energy storage component and an arc-shaped slide rail 6 are provided. The energy storage component includes a sliding guide rail 25 installed at the outer end of the drive base 21, and a sliding block 251 that can slide along the guide rail. An energy storage box 26 is fixed on the sliding block 251, and a roller 262 is installed inside the energy storage box 26 through a bearing. When the auxiliary drive wheel 27 is driven to rotate by an external force, the energy storage box 26 can store energy through the roller 262. The arc-shaped slide rail 6 is set on the base 1, located on the path between the polishing section 3 and the detection component 7; a recessed clearance opening 61 is provided at one end near the detection component 7, and a support plate 62 is provided next to it; when the polished workpiece moves to the detection station with the rotating base 11, the sliding block 251 fixed on the drive seat 21 drives the auxiliary drive wheel 27 into the arc-shaped slide rail 6; the auxiliary drive wheel 27 is driven by friction to rotate, thereby storing mechanical energy in the coil spring 263 of the energy storage box 26; when it reaches the recessed clearance opening 61 at the end of the arc-shaped slide rail 6, the sliding block 251 is lifted and positioned by the support plate 62, and at the same time, the auxiliary drive wheel 27 rotates at high speed under the drive of the released energy of the coil spring 263, and frictionally drives the driven wheel 242, thereby driving the workpiece to rotate, so as to cooperate with the detection component 7 to complete the quality inspection.

[0025] In this embodiment, after the equipment is started, the rotating base 11 rotates stepwise according to a set cycle, sequentially rotating the four clamping components 2 to the loading station, polishing station, inspection station, and unloading station, respectively. At the loading station located in front of the rotating base 11, the workpiece to be polished is loaded into the clamping component 2 manually or mechanically. The bidirectional lead screw 211 in the drive seat 21 is driven by the drive wheel 213 to move the left and right clamping plates 23 towards each other to clamp the workpiece. At the same time, the telescopic component adaptively adjusts its length according to the length of the workpiece to maintain the transmission connection between the driven wheel 242 and the left clamping plate 223. After the workpiece is rotated into the polishing station, the electric adjusting push rod 35 of the polishing part 3 first drives the polishing roller 32 to contact the workpiece surface, and then the drive motor 33 drives the polishing roller 32 to rotate at high speed to polish the workpiece surface. At the same time, the speed reducer 4 reduces the speed of the polishing roller 32 and transmits it to the driven wheel 242 through the main drive wheel 5, causing the clamped workpiece to rotate at a lower speed. The speed difference is used to achieve axial rotation of the workpiece. Full polishing; after polishing, the workpiece rotates with the rotating base 11 to the inspection station. At this time, the auxiliary drive wheel 27 enters the arc-shaped slide rail 6 and is lifted along the sliding guide rail 25. Under the action of friction, the auxiliary drive wheel 27 rotates and stores energy in the coil spring 263 inside the energy storage box 26. When it reaches the sunken clearance opening 61 at the end of the arc-shaped slide rail 6, the sliding block 251 is supported by the support plate 62. The auxiliary drive wheel 27 rotates under the action of energy release from the energy storage box 26 and is driven by friction with the driven wheel 242, driving the workpiece to rotate at a uniform speed for the inspection component 7 to inspect the surface quality of the workpiece. According to the inspection results, qualified workpieces continue to be rotated to the unloading station and automatically unloaded by the unloading mechanism 73. Unqualified workpieces are directly removed at the inspection station. Throughout the process, the polishing and workpiece rotation functions are realized synchronously through a single drive motor 33, and the self-rotation drive without a power source is realized through the energy storage component in the inspection stage, which effectively improves the continuous operation capability and energy utilization efficiency of the equipment.

[0026] Preferably, a bidirectional lead screw 211 is rotatably mounted in the internal cavity of the drive seat 21 via bearings, and a moving block 212 is screwed onto each of the two reverse threads of the bidirectional lead screw 211; a limiting groove 214 is provided on the top of the drive seat 21, and two sets of sliding blocks are slidably mounted in the limiting groove 214. The bottoms of the two sets of sliding blocks are respectively connected to the corresponding moving blocks 212, and the tops are respectively fixed with connecting arms 221. The two connecting arms 221 are rotatably connected to the left clamping plate 223 and the right clamping plate 23, respectively; a drive wheel 213 for driving the bidirectional lead screw 211 to rotate is provided at one end of the drive seat 21. When it is necessary to clamp the workpiece, the drive wheel 213 is actively driven to rotate in a predetermined direction by an external drive device (such as a hand tool, a robotic arm, etc.), which in turn drives the bidirectional lead screw 211 to rotate. Due to the meshing action of the two moving blocks 212 with the two reverse threads on the bidirectional lead screw 211, the two moving blocks 212 move towards each other along the cavity of the drive seat 21 under the drive of the bidirectional lead screw 211. The movement of the moving blocks 212, through the sliding block connected to its top under the constraint of the limiting slide groove 214, drives the two connecting arms 221 to move synchronously towards each other, thereby realizing the closing action of the two clamping plates until the workpiece is firmly clamped between the two clamping plates.

[0027] Preferably, the telescopic component includes a sleeve shaft 241 rotatably mounted on the side support plate 24. The sleeve shaft 241 is rotatably mounted on the side support plate 24 via rolling bearings, allowing the sleeve shaft 241 to rotate freely relative to the side support plate 24. A pivot shaft 222 is slidably fitted inside the sleeve shaft 241. To achieve power transmission between the two and restrict relative rotation, at least one guide groove 243 is machined along its axial direction on the inner wall of the sleeve shaft 241. At the same time, a component matching the shape of the guide groove 243 is fixedly installed on the corresponding outer periphery of the pivot shaft 222. The guide slider 224 is embedded in the guide groove 243 to form a sliding pair. This structure ensures that the pivot shaft 222 can slide along the axial direction of the sleeve shaft 241, but the two cannot rotate relative to each other in the circumferential direction, thereby realizing the synchronous transmission of torque. The end of the sleeve shaft 241 away from the pivot shaft 222 is fixedly connected to the driven wheel 242. The connecting arm 221 that drives the left clamping plate 223 is rotatably sleeved on the outside of the pivot shaft 222 through a rolling bearing, and the end of the pivot shaft 222 is connected to the axis of the left clamping plate 223. When the drive wheel 213 drives the bidirectional lead screw 211 to rotate, causing the left clamping plate 223 and the right clamping plate 23 to move towards each other to clamp the workpiece, the guide slider 224 fixed on the pivot shaft 222 slides along the guide groove 243 in the sleeve shaft 241, so that the pivot shaft 222 can extend relative to the sleeve shaft 241, thereby adaptively adjusting the length of the entire transmission chain to ensure that the left clamping plate 223 can be stably driven under different workpiece lengths.

[0028] Preferably, the reduction gear 4 includes a differential housing 41 fixed to the frame 31. A fixed shaft 44 is rotatably mounted on the outside of the differential housing 41, and a first differential wheel 42 and a second differential wheel 43 meshing with each other are disposed inside the housing. The first differential wheel 42 has a greater number of teeth than the second differential wheel 43. The transmission ratio between the first differential wheel 42 and the second differential wheel 43 is preferably 15:1. The gear shaft of the first differential wheel 42 is connected to the roller shaft of the polishing roller 32, and the gear shaft of the second differential wheel 43 is connected to the fixed shaft 44. The fixed shaft 44 is connected to the main drive wheel 5 via a transmission unit. After the equipment is started, the output power of the drive motor 33 is directly transmitted to the roller shaft of the polishing roller 32, causing it to rotate at high speed for polishing. At the same time, the rotation of the polishing roller 32 will drive the first differential wheel 42, which is coaxially connected to it, to rotate synchronously at high speed. The first differential wheel 42 drives the second differential wheel 43, which meshes with it, to rotate. Since the gear ratio of the second differential wheel 43 is smaller than that of the first differential wheel 42, the rotation speed of the second differential wheel 43 is reduced. The second differential wheel 43 drives the fixed shaft 44 to rotate, and the fixed shaft 44 in turn drives the main drive wheel 5 through the transmission unit. Rotation; when the rotating base rotates the clamping assembly holding the workpiece to the polishing station, the support adjusts the height of the polishing roller 32 to make it fit against the workpiece, and the main drive wheel 5 and the driven wheel 242 corresponding to the workpiece enter the meshing state, thereby driving the workpiece to rotate smoothly at a speed much lower than that of the polishing roller 32; the high-speed rotation of the polishing roller 32 combined with the low-speed rotation of the workpiece forms an effective relative speed difference, realizing comprehensive, uniform and efficient polishing of the outer surface of the workpiece; the entire differential transmission process is driven by only a single drive motor 33, which is compact and energy efficient.

[0029] Preferably, the transmission unit includes a limiting guide rail 411 mounted on the differential housing 41. An isolation block 412 is fixed to the middle of the limiting guide rail 411. An upper adjustment module 413 and a lower adjustment module 414, cooperating with the limiting guide rail 411, are slidably mounted above and below the isolation block 412, respectively. A first spring 416 is provided between the isolation block 412 and the lower adjustment module 414, and a second spring 417 is provided between the isolation block 412 and the upper adjustment module 413. The elastic force of the first spring 416 is greater than that of the second spring 417. The lower adjustment module 414 is rotatably connected to the main drive wheel 5. Sprockets are mounted on the upper adjustment module 413, the mounting shaft of the main drive wheel 5, and the fixed shaft 44. All three are connected by the same transmission chain 415. The elastic force of the second spring 417 continuously acts on the upper adjustment module 413, giving it an upward tendency to move, thereby always providing tension to the transmission chain 415 and preventing it from loosening and falling off. When polishing a workpiece of standard diameter, the main drive wheel 5 is in a preset middle position under the combined force of the first spring 416 and the second spring 417, and is normally engaged with the driven wheel 242. When polishing a workpiece with a smaller diameter than the standard diameter, the polishing roller 32 needs to be closer to the workpiece, and the entire polishing section 3 will be slightly adjusted downwards. At the same time, the main drive wheel 5 is pushed upwards by the reaction force of the driven wheel 242. The upward movement of the main drive wheel 5 pushes the lower adjustment module 414 connected to it to slide upwards along the limit guide rail 411. The upward movement of the lower adjustment module 414 will slightly loosen the transmission chain 415. At this time, the pre-compressed second spring 417 quickly releases its elastic potential energy, pushing the upper adjustment module 413 to slide upwards, thereby immediately tensioning the transmission chain 415 and ensuring the continuity and stability of power transmission. The transmission chain 415 is automatically tensioned in real time using spring force, ensuring that the power from the differential to the main drive wheel 5 can be transmitted efficiently, reliably, and without interruption under any working conditions.

[0030] Preferably, the detection component 7 includes a second column 74 fixed on the base 1, with a mounting plate 71 fixed at the top of the second column 74 and a flatness detector 72 for detecting the quality of the polished surface of the workpiece at the bottom; the flatness detector 72 is preferably a non-contact laser displacement sensor, which is the prior art, and its measuring beam is vertically aligned with the surface of the workpiece to be measured.

[0031] Preferably, a material unloading mechanism 73 is also provided on the side of the mounting plate 71 away from the second column 74. The material unloading mechanism 73 includes an electric push rod 731 fixed on the mounting plate 71. A material unloading wheel 732 is rotatably provided at the bottom of the electric push rod 731. An active motor 733 for driving the rotation of the material unloading wheel 732 is also provided on the electric push rod 731. When the flatness detector 72 detects that the workpiece is unqualified, the electric push rod 731 pushes the material unloading wheel 732 down to contact the active wheel 213, and drives the material unloading wheel 732 to rotate through the active motor 733, thereby driving the active wheel 213 to rotate so that the left clamping plate 223 and the right clamping plate 23 move in opposite directions, thereby realizing the unloading of the workpiece on the side of the detection component 7. In order to collect the rejected unqualified workpieces, a waste receiving box (not shown in the figure) can be specially set on the base 1 directly below the material unloading mechanism 73 to receive the rejected unqualified products, thereby realizing the physical separation and classified collection from qualified workpieces. The unloading mechanism 73 operates in conjunction with an external system to control the inspection results: after the workpiece completes inspection at the inspection station, the flatness detector 72 sends the inspection data to the control system; if the control system determines that the workpiece surface quality is unqualified, it will immediately generate an unloading trigger signal; upon receiving the signal, the electric push rod 731 starts, extending downwards to push the unloading wheel 732 at the bottom down until it reliably contacts the drive wheel 213 on the clamping assembly drive seat 21 and applies a certain positive pressure; simultaneously, the drive motor 733 starts, driving the unloading wheel 732 to rotate in a predetermined direction; due to the frictional transmission between the unloading wheel 732 and the drive wheel 213, the rotating unloading wheel 732 drives the drive wheel 213 to rotate synchronously; The driving wheel 213 drives the bidirectional lead screw 211 to rotate, causing the two moving blocks 212 to move in opposite directions. This, in turn, drives the left clamping plate 223 and the right clamping plate 23 to open through the connecting arm 221, releasing the gripping of the defective workpiece. The released defective workpiece falls directly into the waste receiving box below under the action of gravity, completing the automatic rejection. After the unloading action is completed, the electric push rod 731 retracts, driving the unloading wheel 732 to move upward and disengage from the driving wheel 213. The driving motor 733 stops rotating, and the entire unloading mechanism resets, waiting to execute the next command. The qualified workpiece is unaffected and continues to rotate to the next station with the rotating base 11. The outer circumference of the unloading wheel 732 and the driving wheel 213 are both wrapped with a high friction coefficient material to ensure reliable friction transmission between the two.

[0032] Preferably, a finished product unloading section 8 is also provided on the right side of the rotating base 11. The finished product unloading section 8 includes a third column 81 fixed on the base 1. The top of the third column 81 is also provided with an unloading mechanism 73 for unloading qualified workpieces on the side of the finished product unloading section 8. A finished product receiving box (not shown in the figure) can be specially provided on the base 1 directly below the finished product unloading section 8 for receiving qualified products. After the workpiece is determined to be qualified by the flatness detector 72 at the inspection station, it is transported to the finished product unloading station. After the workpiece is in place, the control system triggers the unloading mechanism 73 of the finished product unloading unit 8 to release the workpiece that has been confirmed as qualified. The released qualified workpiece falls into the finished product receiving box below under the action of gravity, completing the entire polishing process.

[0033] Preferably, the energy storage box 26 includes a box body 261 fixedly connected to the sliding block 251, a reel 262 rotatably disposed in the inner cavity of the box body 261, and a coil spring 263 disposed inside the box body 261. The coil spring 263 is typically a spiral constant force spring, one end of which is connected to the reel 262, and the other end is connected to the inner wall of the box body 261. The shaft of the auxiliary drive wheel 27 is connected to the reel 262. The energy stored in the coil spring 263 should be sufficient to drive the workpiece to rotate at a constant speed for at least two revolutions. When the polished workpiece leaves the polishing station with the rotating base 11 and moves towards the inspection station, the sliding block 251 fixed on the drive base 21 drives the entire energy storage box 26 and the auxiliary drive wheel 27 to move along a predetermined path; when the auxiliary drive wheel 27 enters and moves along the curved surface of the arc-shaped slide rail 6, the friction between its rim and the rail surface drives the auxiliary drive wheel 27 to rotate; the rotation of the auxiliary drive wheel 27 directly drives the roller 262 to rotate through the shaft, and the rotation of the roller 262 tightens the coil spring 263, causing it to undergo elastic deformation and storing mechanical energy in the form of potential energy, which is the energy storage stage; when the workpiece When the auxiliary drive wheel 27 reaches the inspection station and moves to the recessed clearance 61 at the end of the arc-shaped slide rail 6, the sliding block 251 is supported and positioned by the support plate 62. At this time, the elastic potential energy stored in the coil spring 263 begins to be released, driving the coil 262 to rotate in the opposite direction. The rotation of the coil 262 drives the auxiliary drive wheel 27 to rotate at high speed and make it rub against the driven wheel 242, thereby converting the stored energy into kinetic energy to drive the workpiece to rotate at a constant speed, so as to cooperate with the inspection component 7 to complete the surface inspection. This realizes the function of driving the workpiece to rotate without additional power supply during the inspection stage, which reflects the high efficiency and energy saving of the equipment.

[0034] Preferably, the driven wheel 242 has an axial toothed groove in the middle of its outer periphery; the main drive wheel 5 of the polishing part 3 will mesh with the axial toothed groove on the outer periphery of the driven wheel 242; the auxiliary drive wheel will be frictionally driven with the outer periphery of the driven wheel; the outer periphery of both the auxiliary drive wheel 27 and the driven wheel 242 is wrapped with a material with a high coefficient of friction to ensure reliable frictional transmission between the two.

[0035] Working Principle: After the equipment starts, the rotating base 11 is driven by the built-in drive mechanism to rotate intermittently, sequentially sending the four clamping components 2 to the corresponding loading, polishing, inspection, and unloading stations. At the loading station, the workpiece is loaded manually or mechanically. The bidirectional lead screw 211 in the drive base 21, driven by the drive wheel 213, causes the left and right clamping plates 23 to move towards each other to clamp the workpiece. At the same time, the telescopic component adaptively adjusts its length to maintain the transmission connection. After the workpiece is transferred to the polishing station, the electric adjusting push rod 35 of the polishing section 3 first drives the polishing roller 32 to contact the workpiece surface. Then, the drive motor 33 drives the polishing roller 32 to rotate at high speed. At the same time, the reduction gear 4 reduces the speed of the polishing roller 32 and transmits it to the driven wheel 242 through the main drive wheel 5, driving the workpiece to rotate at a lower speed. The speed difference is used to achieve full polishing of the workpiece surface. After polishing, the workpiece is transferred to the inspection station. At this time, the auxiliary drive wheel 27 enters the arc-shaped slide rail 6 and rotates under the action of track friction, storing energy in the constant force coil spring 263 in the energy storage box 26. When it reaches the clearance at the end of the track, the sliding block 251 is supported by the support plate 62, and the coil spring 263 releases energy to drive the auxiliary drive wheel 27 to rotate. Through friction transmission, it drives the driven wheel 242 and the workpiece to rotate at a uniform speed, cooperating with the inspection component 7 to complete the surface quality inspection. According to the inspection results, unqualified workpieces are directly unloaded into the waste box by the unloading mechanism 73 of the inspection station, while qualified workpieces continue to be transferred to the finished product unloading station and unloaded into the finished product box by the same unloading mechanism 73. The entire workflow realizes the polishing and workpiece rotation functions synchronously through a single drive motor 33, and realizes workpiece drive without external power source in the inspection stage by utilizing the mechanical energy storage principle, forming a high-efficiency, energy-saving, and automated continuous processing cycle.

[0036] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of the invention (including the claims) is limited to these examples; within the framework of the invention, the technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the invention as described above, which are not provided in the details for the sake of brevity.

[0037] This invention is intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications, and variations that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A precision mechanical parts processing and polishing machine, comprising a base (1) and a rotating base (11) disposed at its center, wherein four clamping assemblies (2) are connected to the outside of the rotating base (11), and the rotating base (11) can drive the clamping assemblies to rotate intermittently, characterized in that: The clamping assembly (2) includes a drive base (21) connected to a rotating base (11). The drive base (21) is provided with a left clamping plate (223) and a right clamping plate (23) that can move towards each other to clamp the workpiece. A side support plate (24) is also fixed on the rotating base (11). A telescopic member is rotatably provided on the side support plate (24). One end of the telescopic member is connected to the left clamping plate (223), and the other end is connected to the driven wheel (242). The polishing section (3) is located on the left side of the rotating base (11) and includes a frame (31) and a polishing roller (32) rotatably arranged inside it. One end of the frame (31) is provided with a drive motor (33) for driving the polishing roller (32) to rotate, and the other end is provided with a speed reducer (4). The speed reducer (4) is provided with a main drive wheel (5). The speed reducer (4) is configured to reduce the rotation of the polishing roller (32) and transmit it to the main drive wheel (5) to rotate. The base (1) is also provided with a support member for driving the polishing section (3) to move vertically. The detection component (7) is located on the rear side of the rotating base (11) and is used to detect the polishing quality of the workpiece; The energy storage assembly includes a sliding guide rail (25) located at the outer end of the drive base (21) and a sliding block (251) slidably disposed on the sliding guide rail (25). The sliding block (251) is provided with an energy storage box (26) with a scroll (262). An auxiliary drive wheel (27) is mounted on the scroll (262), and its rotation can enable the energy storage box (26) to store energy. An arc-shaped slide rail (6) is located between the polishing section (3) and the detection component (7). When the auxiliary drive wheel (27) moves along it, it can rotate and lift. The arc-shaped slide rail (6) has a recessed clearance opening (61) and a support plate (62) at the end near the detection component (7). When the auxiliary drive wheel (27) moves to the bottom of the detection component (7), the auxiliary drive wheel (27) abuts against the driven wheel (242), and the sliding block (251) is supported by the support plate (62) at the recessed clearance opening (61). The energy storage box (26) releases energy to drive the auxiliary drive wheel (27) to drive the driven wheel (242) and the workpiece to rotate.

2. The precision mechanical parts processing and polishing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, A bidirectional lead screw (211) is rotatably disposed in the internal cavity of the drive seat (21), and a moving block (212) is screwed onto the two reverse threads of the bidirectional lead screw (211); a limiting groove (214) is provided on the top of the drive seat (21), and two sets of sliding blocks are slidably disposed in the limiting groove (214). The bottom of the two sets of sliding blocks are respectively connected to the corresponding moving block (212), and a connecting arm (221) is fixed on the top of each set. The two connecting arms (221) are rotatably connected to the left clamping plate (223) and the right clamping plate (23) respectively; a drive wheel (213) for driving the bidirectional lead screw (211) to rotate is provided at one end of the drive seat (21).

3. The precision mechanical parts processing and polishing machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The telescopic component includes a sleeve shaft (241) rotatably mounted on a side support plate (24), and a pivot shaft (222) slidably mounted inside the sleeve shaft (241); the inner cavity of the sleeve shaft (241) is provided with a guide groove (243), and a guide slider (224) that cooperates with the guide groove (243) is fixed on the outer periphery of the pivot shaft (222) to restrict relative rotation between the pivot shaft (222) and the sleeve shaft (241), so that the pivot shaft (222) can rotate synchronously with the sleeve shaft (241); the end of the sleeve shaft (241) is fixedly connected to the driven wheel (242), and the connecting arm (221) corresponding to the left clamping plate (223) is rotatably mounted on the outside of the pivot shaft (222), and the end of the pivot shaft (222) is connected to the axis of the left clamping plate (223).

4. The precision mechanical parts processing and polishing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The speed reducer (4) includes a differential housing (41) fixed on a frame (31). The differential housing (41) has a fixed shaft (44) on its exterior and a first differential wheel (42) and a second differential wheel (43) meshing with each other inside. The first differential wheel (42) has more teeth than the second differential wheel (43). The gear shaft of the first differential wheel (42) is connected to the roller shaft of the polishing roller (32), and the gear shaft of the second differential wheel (43) is connected to the fixed shaft (44). The fixed shaft (44) is connected to the main drive wheel (5) through a transmission unit.

5. The precision mechanical parts processing and polishing machine according to claim 4, characterized in that, The transmission unit includes a limiting guide rail (411) mounted on the differential housing (41). An isolation block (412) is fixed in the middle of the limiting guide rail (411). An upper adjustment module (413) and a lower adjustment module (414) that slide and cooperate with the limiting guide rail (411) are respectively mounted above and below the isolation block (412). A first spring (416) is provided between the isolation block (412) and the lower adjustment module (414), and a second spring (417) is provided between the isolation block (412) and the upper adjustment module (413). The elastic force of the first spring (416) is greater than that of the second spring (417). The lower adjustment module (414) is rotatably connected to the main drive wheel (5). Sprockets are provided on the mounting shaft of the upper adjustment module (413), the main drive wheel (5), and the fixed shaft (44). The three are connected by the same transmission chain (415).

6. The precision mechanical parts processing and polishing machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The detection component (7) includes a second column (74) fixed on the base (1), with a mounting plate (71) fixed to the top of the second column (74) and a flatness detector (72) for detecting the quality of the polished surface of the workpiece provided at the bottom of the mounting plate (71).

7. The precision mechanical parts processing and polishing machine according to claim 6, characterized in that, On the side of the mounting plate (71) away from the second column (74), there is also a material unloading mechanism (73). The material unloading mechanism (73) includes an electric push rod (731) fixed on the mounting plate (71). The bottom of the electric push rod (731) is rotatably provided with a material unloading wheel (732). The electric push rod (731) is also provided with an active motor (733) for driving the material unloading wheel (732) to rotate. When the flatness detector (72) detects that the workpiece is unqualified, the electric push rod (731) pushes the material unloading wheel (732) to move down and contact the active wheel (213). The active motor (733) drives the material unloading wheel (732) to rotate, thereby driving the active wheel (213) to rotate so that the left clamping plate (223) and the right clamping plate (23) move in opposite directions, thereby realizing the unloading of the workpiece on the side of the detection component (7).

8. The precision mechanical parts processing and polishing machine according to claim 7, characterized in that, The right side of the rotating base (11) is also provided with a finished product unloading section (8), which includes a third column (81) fixed on the base (1). The top of the third column (81) is also provided with the unloading mechanism (73) for unloading qualified workpieces on the side of the finished product unloading section (8).

9. The precision mechanical parts processing and polishing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy storage box (26) includes a box body (261) fixedly connected to a sliding block (251), a reel (262) rotatably disposed in the inner cavity of the box body (261), a coil spring (263) is disposed inside the box body (261), one end of the coil spring (263) is connected to the reel (262), and the other end is connected to the inner wall of the box body (261); the shaft of the auxiliary drive wheel (27) is connected to the reel (262).

10. The precision mechanical parts processing and polishing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The driven wheel (242) has an axial tooth groove in the middle of its outer periphery.

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