Combustion nozzle and combustion system

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of combustion nozzle and combustion system, it includes nozzle body, fuel pipeline assembly and air pipeline assembly.Nozzle body is configured with mixing chamber;Fuel pipeline assembly includes fuel gas flow passage being communicated with mixing chamber;Air pipeline assembly includes air flow passage being communicated with mixing chamber;Wherein, fuel gas flow passage and air flow passage at least one is configured with multiple communication ports, communication port is communicated with mixing chamber.When the above-mentioned combustion nozzle is installed in combustion system and is used, the adjusting ability of the outlet equivalence ratio distribution of nozzle can be enhanced, so that equivalence ratio is more suitable, further can reduce the local high temperature in nozzle when the mixture gas formed after fuel and air mixing is combusted, and nitrogen oxide emission can be reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of combustion system technology, and in particular to combustion nozzles and combustion systems. Background Technology

[0002] Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are significant air pollutants and major contributors to acid rain and smog. With increasingly stringent environmental regulations, restrictions on NOx emissions are becoming more stringent. In recent years, clean gas burners using gases such as hydrogen as fuel have seen rapid development. While hydrogen fuel burners offer advantages such as high calorific value and zero carbon oxide emissions, they still produce NOx emissions. Therefore, reducing NOx emissions from hydrogen fuel burners is a pressing issue for researchers. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a combustion nozzle and combustion system to address the issue of reducing nitrogen oxide emissions from hydrogen fuel burners.

[0004] A combustion nozzle comprising:

[0005] The nozzle body is constructed with a mixing chamber;

[0006] A fuel line assembly, including a fuel flow passage communicating with the mixing chamber;

[0007] An air duct assembly, including an airflow passage communicating with the mixing chamber;

[0008] The fuel flow channel and the air flow channel are each provided with a plurality of communication ports, which are connected to the mixing chamber.

[0009] In some embodiments, the airflow passage is disposed on the outer periphery of the fuel flow passage, along the radial direction of the mixing chamber.

[0010] In some embodiments, when the fuel flow passage is configured with a plurality of the communication ports, the plurality of communication ports are arranged at radial and / or circumferential intervals along the mixing chamber.

[0011] In some embodiments, the fuel line assembly includes:

[0012] The first hydrogen pipeline assembly includes a first gas flow channel and a first regulating valve installed at the inlet of the first gas flow channel; the first gas flow channel is used to provide hydrogen with a first concentration, and the side of the first gas flow channel away from the first regulating valve is connected to the mixing chamber;

[0013] The second hydrogen pipeline assembly includes a second gas flow channel and a second regulating valve installed at the inlet of the second gas flow channel; the second gas flow channel surrounds at least a portion of the outer periphery of the first gas flow channel, and the second gas flow channel is used to provide hydrogen with a second concentration, the side of the second gas flow channel away from the second regulating valve is connected to the mixing chamber, and the first concentration is greater than the second concentration.

[0014] In some embodiments, the first airflow passage has a plurality of spaced-apart first communication ports on the side away from the first regulating valve; the first communication ports are connected to the mixing chamber.

[0015] In some embodiments, the diameter d1 of the first connection port satisfies the condition:

[0016] 0.1mm≤d1≤2mm.

[0017] In some embodiments, the second airflow passage has a plurality of spaced second communication ports on the side opposite to the second regulating valve; the second communication ports surround the periphery of the plurality of first communication ports;

[0018] The second communication port is connected to the mixing chamber.

[0019] In some embodiments, the diameter d2 of the second communication port satisfies the condition:

[0020] 0.1mm≤d2≤2mm.

[0021] In some embodiments, the side of the first connection port near the mixing chamber is flush with the side of the second connection port near the mixing chamber.

[0022] In some embodiments, the first hydrogen pipeline assembly further includes a first flow meter installed at the inlet of the first gas flow channel, and the first flow meter is located downstream of the first regulating valve;

[0023] The second hydrogen pipeline assembly also includes a second flow meter installed at the inlet of the second gas flow channel, and the second flow meter is located downstream of the second regulating valve.

[0024] In some embodiments, when the airflow channel is configured with a plurality of the communication ports, the plurality of communication ports are arranged at intervals along the axial and / or circumferential direction of the mixing chamber.

[0025] In some embodiments, the airflow channel is configured with a plurality of third airflow channels arranged circumferentially spaced along the mixing chamber;

[0026] The third airflow channel extends radially along the mixing chamber, and a third communication port is provided on the side near the mixing chamber, the third communication port being connected to the mixing chamber.

[0027] In some embodiments, along the axial direction of the mixing chamber, the minimum distance d3 between the connection port of the fuel line assembly and the third connection port satisfies the following condition:

[0028] 1mm≤d3≤5mm.

[0029] In some embodiments, the airflow channel is configured with a plurality of fourth airflow channels arranged circumferentially spaced along the mixing chamber;

[0030] The fourth airflow channel extends along the axial direction of the mixing chamber, and at least one of the fourth airflow channels is provided with a plurality of fourth communication ports spaced apart along the axial direction of the mixing chamber, the fourth communication ports being connected to the mixing chamber.

[0031] In some embodiments, along the axial direction of the mixing chamber, the distance d4 between two adjacent fourth communication ports satisfies the condition:

[0032] 1mm≤d4≤5mm.

[0033] In some embodiments, the nozzle body further includes a combustion chamber communicating with the mixing chamber, and the combustion chamber is located downstream of the mixing chamber.

[0034] In some embodiments, along the axial direction of the mixing chamber, the connection opening of the airflow passage satisfies the following condition relative to the minimum dimension d5 of the combustion chamber:

[0035] 3mm≤d5≤10mm.

[0036] This application also provides a combustion system comprising the combustion nozzle described in any of the above embodiments.

[0037] When the aforementioned combustion nozzle is installed in the combustion system, since both the fuel flow channel and the air flow channel are connected to the mixing chamber, and at least one of the fuel flow channel and the air flow channel has multiple connecting ports, the fuel flow channel that provides fuel and the air flow channel that provides oxygen are mixed in a multi-stage inlet manner. This enhances the ability to adjust the nozzle's outlet equivalence ratio distribution, making the equivalence ratio more suitable. This further reduces the local high temperature inside the nozzle when the mixture formed after the fuel and air are mixed is burned, and also reduces the emission of nitrogen oxides. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 A partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of a combustion nozzle provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0039] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The left view of the combustion nozzle shown.

[0040] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The front view of the combustion nozzle is shown.

[0041] Figure 4 for Figure 3 The sectional view shown at point AA.

[0042] Figure 5 This is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of a combustion nozzle provided for other embodiments of this application.

[0043] Figure 6 for Figure 5 The left view of the combustion nozzle shown.

[0044] Figure 7 for Figure 5 The front view of the combustion nozzle is shown.

[0045] Figure 8 for Figure 7 The sectional view shown at BB.

[0046] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of a combustion system provided for some embodiments of this application.

[0047] Figure label:

[0048] 100 - Nozzle body; 110 - Mixing chamber; 120 - Combustion chamber; 121 - Exhaust port;

[0049] 200 - Fuel piping assembly; 200a - Fuel flow channel;

[0050] 210 - First hydrogen pipeline assembly; 211 - First gas flow channel; 2111 - First connecting port; 212 - First regulating valve; 213 - First flow meter; 214 - First shut-off valve; 215 - First gas flow pipeline;

[0051] 220 - Second hydrogen pipeline assembly; 221 - Second gas flow channel; 2211 - Second connecting port; 222 - Second regulating valve; 223 - Second flow meter; 224 - Second shut-off valve; 225 - Second gas flow pipeline;

[0052] 300 - Air duct assembly; 300a - Air flow channel; 310 - Third air flow channel; 311 - Third connection port; 320 - Fourth air flow channel; 321 - Fourth connection port; 330 - Third regulating valve; 340 - Third flow meter; 350 - Third air flow duct;

[0053] 410 - Igniter; 420 - Flame detector; 430 - First pressure sensor; 440 - First temperature sensor; 450 - Second pressure sensor; 460 - Second temperature sensor; 470 - Nitrogen oxide sensor; 480 - Third pressure sensor; 490 - Third temperature sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0054] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be practiced in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0055] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0056] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0057] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0058] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0059] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0060] Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO) are significant air pollutants and major contributors to acid rain and smog. With increasingly stringent environmental regulations, restrictions on NOx and CO emissions are becoming more stringent. In recent years, clean gas burners using gases such as hydrogen as fuel have seen significant development. Hydrogen fuel burners offer advantages such as high calorific value and zero carbon oxide emissions, but they still produce NOx emissions. To address NOx emissions, traditional hydrocarbon fuel burners typically employ lean-burn premixed combustion technology, completely mixing fuel and air to achieve a uniform temperature distribution within the combustion chamber, thereby reducing NOx emissions. However, for hydrogen fuel burners, due to the differential diffusion effect, even if the gas entering the burner is fully premixed, the extended flame can still create localized hydrogen richness and high temperatures, exacerbating NOx emissions. Therefore, this application provides a combustion nozzle that can effectively reduce NOx emissions.

[0061] See Figure 1 and Figure 5 , Figure 1 A partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of a combustion nozzle provided in some embodiments of this application is shown; Figure 5 A partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of a combustion nozzle provided in some other embodiments of this application is shown.

[0062] An embodiment of the present invention provides a combustion nozzle, which includes a nozzle body 100, a fuel pipeline assembly 200, and an air pipeline assembly 300. The nozzle body 100 is configured with a mixing chamber 110; the fuel pipeline assembly 200 includes a fuel flow passage 200a communicating with the mixing chamber 110; the air pipeline assembly 300 includes an air flow passage 300a communicating with the mixing chamber 110; wherein at least one of the fuel flow passage 200a and the air flow passage 300a is configured with a plurality of communication ports, and the communication ports are communicating with the mixing chamber 110.

[0063] When the above-mentioned combustion nozzle is installed in the combustion system, since both the fuel flow channel 200a and the air flow channel 300a are connected to the mixing chamber 110, and at least one of the fuel flow channel 200a and the air flow channel 300a has multiple communication ports, the fuel flow channel 200a that provides fuel and the air flow channel 300a that provides oxygen are mixed in a multi-stage inlet manner. This can enhance the adjustment capability of the nozzle's outlet equivalence ratio distribution, making the equivalence ratio more suitable. In turn, it can further reduce the local high temperature in the nozzle when the mixed gas formed after the fuel and air are mixed is burned, and reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides.

[0064] This application employs a multi-stage inlet system for at least one of the fuel gas flow channel 200a and the oxygen supply air flow channel 300a, thereby enabling the reduction of localized high-temperature phenomena caused by differential hydrogen diffusion through artificial adjustment of the inlet equivalence ratio curve. The fuel nozzle provided by this application can reduce the high-temperature zone during hydrogen combustion and lower nitrogen oxide emissions.

[0065] It should be noted that when hydrogen and oxygen burn, according to their combustion reaction chemical formulas, their equivalence ratio is defined as: (x hydrogen / y oxygen) / (2 / 1), where x and y are mole fractions. The molar mass of hydrogen can be calculated from the total mass flow rate Q1 in the fuel gas flow channel 200a, and the molar mass of oxygen can be calculated from the total mass flow rate Q2 in the air flow channel 300a. The mole fractions x and y are then calculated, and the equivalence ratio is calculated based on x and y. By adjusting the ratio of Q1 to Q2, the value of the equivalence ratio can be adjusted. When the equivalence ratio is 0.55, the content of nitrogen oxides produced by combustion is relatively low. This application enhances the adjustability of the nozzle outlet equivalence ratio distribution, making the equivalence ratio closer to 0.55.

[0066] The following is a detailed description of the structure of the combustion nozzle. Please refer to [link / reference needed]. Figures 2-4 as well as Figures 6-8 , Figure 2 It shows Figure 1 The left view of the combustion nozzle shown. Figure 3 It shows Figure 1 The front view of the combustion nozzle is shown. Figure 4 It shows Figure 3 The sectional view shown at point AA. Figure 6 It shows Figure 5 The left view of the combustion nozzle shown. Figure 7 It shows Figure 5 The front view of the combustion nozzle is shown. Figure 8 It shows Figure 7 The sectional view shown at BB.

[0067] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 as well as Figure 5 and Figure 8 In some embodiments, the connection port of the air flow channel 300a is located radially around the connection port of the fuel flow channel 200a in the mixing chamber 110. By positioning the connection port of the air flow channel 300a around the connection port of the fuel flow channel 200a, air can gradually diffuse from the periphery of the fuel flow during fuel mixing, resulting in a higher fuel density inside and a higher oxygen density outside. In other words, the fuel concentration outside is lower, which can reduce the local hydrogen enrichment and local high temperature phenomenon during combustion caused by differential diffusion of the fuel itself, thereby reducing the generation and emission of nitrogen oxides.

[0068] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments, when the fuel flow passage 200a is configured with multiple connecting ports, the multiple connecting ports are arranged radially and circumferentially spaced along the mixing chamber 110. In some embodiments, the fuel flow passage 200a is configured with multiple connecting ports, and the multiple connecting ports are arranged radially spaced along the mixing chamber 110. In other embodiments, the fuel flow passage 200a is configured with multiple connecting ports, and the multiple connecting ports are arranged axially spaced along the mixing chamber 110.

[0069] This application provides a larger design space by distributing multiple fuel flow channels 200a fuel nozzles, thereby meeting the mixing requirements of different fuel gases and combustion air, improving the equivalence ratio distribution at the nozzle outlet, and effectively controlling local high-temperature areas and reducing the generation of nitrogen oxides.

[0070] When the fuel flow channel 200a has multiple ports, by arranging the multiple ports at intervals in the radial and circumferential directions along the mixing chamber 110, the fuel can be diverted and transported when it is delivered to the mixing chamber 110, thereby more effectively controlling the flow rate and concentration of the fuel flow in different ports, and thus better regulating the equivalence ratio to the preset value.

[0071] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 and combined Figure 9 In some embodiments, the fuel line assembly 200 includes a first hydrogen line group 210, the first hydrogen line group 210 including a first gas flow channel 211 ( Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 (as shown) and the first regulating valve 212 installed at the inlet of the first airflow channel 211 (as shown) Figure 9 (As shown); the first airflow channel 211 is used to supply hydrogen gas with a first concentration, and the side of the first airflow channel 211 away from the first regulating valve 212 is connected to the mixing chamber 110. By adjusting the opening of the first regulating valve 212, the concentration of hydrogen gas in the first airflow channel 211 can be adjusted.

[0072] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 and combined Figure 9 In some embodiments, the fuel line assembly 200 includes a second hydrogen line assembly 220, including a second gas flow channel 221. Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 (as shown) and the second regulating valve 222 installed at the inlet of the second airflow channel 221 (as shown) Figure 9 (As shown); the second airflow channel 221 surrounds at least a portion of the outer periphery of the first airflow channel 211. The second airflow channel 221 is used to supply hydrogen with a second concentration. The side of the second airflow channel 221 away from the second regulating valve 222 is connected to the mixing chamber 110. The first concentration is greater than the second concentration. By adjusting the opening of the second regulating valve 222, the concentration of hydrogen in the second airflow channel 221 can be adjusted. Furthermore, by limiting the first concentration to be greater than the second concentration, under the condition that the total hydrogen supply of the entire gas system is constant, the interior of the first airflow channel 211 is a hydrogen-rich zone, and the interior of the second airflow channel 221 is a hydrogen-poor zone. This results in a lower concentration of hydrogen in the outermost part of the mixture that first comes into contact with air during the later stage of hydrogen and oxygen mixing and combustion. This weakens the local hydrogen-rich and local high-temperature phenomena caused by differential diffusion of hydrogen itself during combustion, thereby reducing the generation and emission of nitrogen oxides.

[0073] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4 In some embodiments, the side of the first airflow channel 211 away from the first regulating valve 212 is provided with a plurality of spaced first communication ports 2111; the first communication ports 2111 are connected to the mixing chamber 110.

[0074] By setting multiple first connecting ports 2111, the hydrogen gas in the first airflow channel 211 can be output separately from the multiple first connecting ports 2111 when it enters the mixing chamber 110. This is equivalent to diverting the hydrogen gas in the first airflow channel 211 through multiple first connecting ports 2111, thereby making the output hydrogen gas flow rate and density more uniform, reducing the phenomenon of uneven hydrogen density in the first airflow channel 211, where the hydrogen gas is more abundant in local areas.

[0075] In some embodiments, the diameter d1 of the first connecting port 2111 satisfies the condition: 0.1mm ≤ d1 ≤ 2mm. By setting the diameter d1 of the first connecting port 2111 to a range greater than or equal to 0.1mm and less than 2mm, the diameter value of the first connecting port 2111 is made more suitable, which can meet the requirements for flow rate and density control when hydrogen is output from the first connecting port 2111.

[0076] In one specific embodiment, the diameter d1 of the first connecting port 2111 is 0.1 mm. In another specific embodiment, the diameter d1 of the first connecting port 2111 is 2 mm. In yet another specific embodiment, the diameter d1 of the first connecting port 2111 is 1 mm.

[0077] In some embodiments, the number of first connecting ports 2111 is 5-20. By setting the number of first connecting ports 2111 to the range of 5-20, the number of first connecting ports 2111 is more suitable and better meets the needs of hydrogen-rich operation in the central area.

[0078] In some embodiments, the number of first connection ports 2111 is 5. In other embodiments, the number of first connection ports 2111 is 20. In still other embodiments, the number of first connection ports 2111 is 10.

[0079] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4 In some embodiments, the second airflow channel 221 has a plurality of spaced second communication ports 2211 on the side opposite to the second regulating valve 222; the second communication ports 2211 surround the outer periphery of the plurality of first communication ports 2111; the second communication ports 2211 are connected to the mixing chamber 110.

[0080] By providing second connecting ports 2211, hydrogen gas in the second airflow channel 221 can be output separately from multiple second connecting ports 2211 when it enters the mixing chamber 110. This is equivalent to diverting the hydrogen gas in the second airflow channel 221 through multiple second connecting ports 2211, resulting in a more uniform flow rate and density of the output hydrogen gas, reducing the phenomenon of uneven density of hydrogen gas in localized areas within the second airflow channel 221.

[0081] In some embodiments, the diameter d2 of the second connection port 2211 satisfies the condition: 0.1mm ≤ d2 ≤ 2mm. By setting the diameter d2 of the second connection port 2211 to a range greater than or equal to 0.1mm and less than 2mm, the diameter value of the second connection port 2211 is made more suitable, which can meet the requirements for flow rate and density control when hydrogen is output from the second connection port 2211.

[0082] In one specific embodiment, the diameter d2 of the second connection port 2211 is 0.1 mm. In another specific embodiment, the diameter d2 of the second connection port 2211 is 2 mm. In yet another specific embodiment, the diameter d2 of the second connection port 2211 is 1 mm.

[0083] In some embodiments, the number of second connection ports 2211 is 5-20. By setting the number of second connection ports 2211 to the range of 5-20, the number of second connection ports 2211 is more suitable and better meets the needs of hydrogen-rich operation in the central area.

[0084] In some embodiments, the number of second connection ports 2211 is 5. In other embodiments, the number of second connection ports 2211 is 20. In still other embodiments, the number of second connection ports 2211 is 10.

[0085] Please see Figure 4 In some embodiments, the side of the first connection port 2111 near the mixing chamber 110 is flush with the side of the second connection port 2211 near the mixing chamber 110. By aligning the side of the first connection port 2111 near the mixing chamber 110 with the side of the second connection port 2211 near the mixing chamber 110, hydrogen gas can be simultaneously output from the first connection port 2111 and the second connection port 2211 into the mixing chamber 110. When the hydrogen concentrations in the first connection port 2111 and the second connection port 2211 are different, hydrogen gas with a preset stratification concentration can also be simultaneously output from the first connection port 2111 and the second connection port 2211, reducing the possibility of stratification concentration control failure caused by hydrogen of different concentrations after long-term mixing.

[0086] Please see Figure 4 In some embodiments, along the direction from the mixing chamber 110 to the combustion chamber 120, the outlet of the third airflow passage 310 is located downstream of the outlet of the first airflow passage 211 and the outlet of the second airflow passage 221; specifically, the direction from the mixing chamber 110 to the combustion chamber 120 is... Figure 4 In the direction of xx'. By setting the outlet of the third airflow channel 310 downstream of the outlet of the first airflow channel 211 (first connecting port 2111) and the outlet of the second airflow channel (second connecting port 2211), all hydrogen can enter the mixing chamber 110 before being mixed with air, thus effectively ensuring the mixing order of the gases in the mixing chamber 110.

[0087] Please see Figure 9 In some embodiments, the first hydrogen pipeline assembly 210 further includes a first flow meter 213 installed at the inlet of the first gas flow channel 211, and the first flow meter 213 is located downstream of the first regulating valve 212. The first flow meter 213 monitors the flow rate of hydrogen delivered from the inlet of the first gas flow channel 211 to the mixing chamber 110.

[0088] Please see Figure 9 In some embodiments, the first hydrogen pipeline assembly 210 further includes a first shut-off valve 214, which is installed between the first regulating valve 212 and the first flow meter 213, thereby cutting off the supply of hydrogen to the first gas flow channel 211 in an emergency.

[0089] Please see Figure 9 In some embodiments, the first hydrogen pipeline group 210 further includes a first gas flow pipeline 215, which is connected to the side of the first gas flow channel 211 away from the mixing chamber 110. The first regulating valve 212, the first flow meter 213, and the first shut-off valve 214 can all be installed on the first gas flow pipeline 215 for easy adjustment and replacement.

[0090] Please see Figure 9 In some embodiments, the second hydrogen pipeline assembly 220 further includes a second flow meter 223 installed at the inlet of the second gas flow channel 221, and the second flow meter 223 is located downstream of the second regulating valve 222. The flow rate of hydrogen delivered from the inlet of the second gas flow channel 221 to the mixing chamber 110 is monitored by the second flow meter 223.

[0091] Please see Figure 9In some embodiments, the second hydrogen pipeline assembly 220 further includes a second shut-off valve 224, which is installed between the second regulating valve 222 and the second flow meter 223, thereby cutting off the hydrogen supply to the second gas flow channel 221 in an emergency.

[0092] Please see Figure 9 In some embodiments, the second hydrogen pipeline assembly 220 further includes a second gas flow pipeline 225, which is connected to the side of the second gas flow channel 221 away from the mixing chamber 110. The second regulating valve 222, the second flow meter 223, and the second shut-off valve 224 can all be installed on the second gas flow pipeline 225 for easy adjustment and replacement.

[0093] Please see Figure 1 and combined Figures 2-4 In some embodiments, when the airflow channel 300a is configured with multiple connecting ports, the multiple connecting ports are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the mixing chamber 110. When the airflow channel 300a is configured with multiple connecting ports, since the multiple connecting ports are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the mixing chamber 110, the air entering the mixing chamber 110 can enter evenly from the circumference of the mixing chamber 110, thereby making the mixing of hydrogen and air more even, reducing the phenomenon of local hydrogen enrichment and local high temperature during combustion, and thus reducing the generation and emission of nitrogen oxides.

[0094] Please see Figure 5 and combined Figures 6-8 In some embodiments, when the airflow channel 300a is configured with multiple connecting ports, the multiple connecting ports are arranged at intervals along the axial and circumferential directions of the mixing chamber 110. By arranging the connecting ports of the airflow channel 300a at intervals along the axial and circumferential directions of the mixing chamber 110, the mixing of air and hydrogen is made more balanced, reducing local hydrogen enrichment. At the same time, the opening and closing of different connecting ports and the airflow rate can be adjusted, thereby enabling the adjustment of the local air concentration in the mixing chamber 110. This helps to weaken the local hydrogen enrichment and local high temperature phenomenon during combustion caused by the differential diffusion of hydrogen itself, thereby reducing the generation and emission of nitrogen oxides.

[0095] This application provides a larger design space by distributing multiple air flow channels 300a air nozzles, thereby meeting the mixing requirements of different fuel gases and combustion air, improving the equivalence ratio distribution at the nozzle outlet, and effectively controlling local high temperature areas and reducing the generation of nitrogen oxides.

[0096] Please see Figures 1-4In some embodiments, the airflow channel 300a is configured with a plurality of third airflow channels 310 arranged circumferentially along the mixing chamber 110; the third airflow channels 310 extend radially along the mixing chamber 110 and have a third communication port 311 on the side near the mixing chamber 110, the third communication port 311 being connected to the mixing chamber 110.

[0097] By constructing multiple circumferentially spaced third airflow channels 310 and connecting them to the mixing chamber 110 through third connecting ports 311, air can conveniently enter the mixing chamber 110 from different third connecting ports 311.

[0098] Please see Figure 4 In some embodiments, along the axial direction of the mixing chamber 110, the minimum distance d3 between the connection port of the fuel line assembly 200 and the third connection port 311 satisfies the condition: 1mm ≤ d3 ≤ 5mm. By setting the minimum distance d3 between the connection port of the fuel line assembly 200 and the third connection port 311 within a reasonable range of greater than 1mm and less than or equal to 5mm, the distance at which air begins to mix with hydrogen is moderate, neither too close causing excessively rapid mixing nor too far causing excessively slow mixing, thereby reducing the impact on the different hydrogen concentrations in different regions pre-set according to the diffusion rates of hydrogen and air during the mixing process.

[0099] This application limits the minimum distance d3 between the connection port of the fuel pipeline assembly 200 and the third connection port 311, thereby enabling different mixing degrees under specific flow inlet conditions and ensuring combustion reliability.

[0100] In some embodiments, the minimum distance d3 between the connecting port and the third connecting port 311 of the fuel line assembly 200 is 1 mm. In other embodiments, the minimum distance d3 between the connecting port and the third connecting port 311 of the fuel line assembly 200 is 5 mm. In still other embodiments, the minimum distance d3 between the connecting port and the third connecting port 311 of the fuel line assembly 200 is 3 mm.

[0101] In some embodiments, the number of third airflow channels 310 is 4-20. By setting the number of third airflow channels 310 to 4-20, the number of third airflow channels 310 is moderate, and the distribution of the outer air is more balanced than that of the inner hydrogen, which facilitates mixing with the hydrogen.

[0102] In some embodiments, there are four third airflow channels 310, which are arranged at equal intervals. In other embodiments, there are 20 third airflow channels 310. In still other embodiments, there are 10 third airflow channels 310.

[0103] Please see Figures 5-8 In some embodiments, the airflow channel 300a is configured with a plurality of fourth airflow channels 320 arranged circumferentially spaced along the mixing chamber 110; the fourth airflow channels 320 extend axially along the mixing chamber 110, and at least one fourth airflow channel 320 is configured with a plurality of fourth communication ports 321 arranged axially spaced along the mixing chamber 110, the fourth communication ports 321 being connected to the mixing chamber 110.

[0104] By setting up a fourth airflow channel 320, when hydrogen is transported along the axial direction of the mixing chamber 110, more air gradually enters during the transmission process to mix with the hydrogen, thereby making the hydrogen more evenly mixed.

[0105] In some embodiments, the number of fourth airflow channels 320 is 4-20. By setting the number of fourth airflow channels 320 to 4-20, the number of fourth airflow channels 320 is moderate, and the distribution of the outer air is more balanced than that of the inner hydrogen, which facilitates mixing with the hydrogen.

[0106] In some embodiments, there are four fourth airflow channels 320, which are arranged at equal intervals. In other embodiments, there are 20 fourth airflow channels 320. In still other embodiments, there are 10 fourth airflow channels 320.

[0107] Please see Figure 9 In some embodiments, the air duct assembly 300 further includes a third regulating valve 330 and a third flow meter 340. By adjusting the opening of the third regulating valve 330, the air flow rate within the third airflow passage 310 can be adjusted. The third flow meter 340 monitors the air flow rate delivered from the inlet of the third airflow passage 310 to the mixing chamber 110.

[0108] Please see Figure 9 In some embodiments, the air duct assembly 300 further includes a third airflow duct 350, which is connected to the side of the third airflow passage 310 away from the mixing chamber 110. Both the third regulating valve 330 and the third flow meter 340 can be mounted on the third airflow duct 350 for easy adjustment and replacement.

[0109] Please see Figure 8 In some embodiments, along the axial direction of the mixing chamber 110, the distance d4 between two adjacent fourth communication ports 321 satisfies the condition: 1mm ≤ d4 ≤ 5mm. By setting the distance d4 between two adjacent fourth communication ports 321 to a range greater than or equal to 1mm and less than or equal to 5mm, the distance between the fourth communication ports 321 is made more suitable, which is conducive to good mixing of air and hydrogen.

[0110] In some embodiments, the distance d4 between two adjacent fourth connection ports 321 is 1 mm. In other embodiments, the distance d4 between two adjacent fourth connection ports 321 is 5 mm. In still other embodiments, the distance d4 between two adjacent fourth connection ports 321 is 3 mm.

[0111] Please see Figure 9 In some embodiments, the nozzle body 100 further includes a combustion chamber 120 communicating with the mixing chamber 110, and the combustion chamber 120 is disposed downstream of the mixing chamber 110. By providing the combustion chamber 120, the mixture of hydrogen and air mixed in the mixing chamber 110 can be combusted in the downstream combustion chamber 120.

[0112] Please see Figure 4 and Figure 8 In some embodiments, along the axial direction of the mixing chamber 110, the connection opening of the airflow passage 300a satisfies the condition 3mm ≤ d5 ≤ 10mm relative to the minimum dimension d5 of the combustion chamber 120. By setting the connection opening of the airflow passage 300a relative to the minimum dimension d5 of the combustion chamber 120 within the range of greater than or equal to 3mm and less than or equal to 10mm, the length of the mixing chamber 110 itself is made more suitable, achieving the design of inlet non-uniform equivalence ratio while ensuring reliable premixing of fuel gas and air.

[0113] It should be noted that when the mixing chamber 110 is short, the mixing of hydrogen and oxygen in the air becomes uneven, resulting in incomplete combustion and increased nitrogen oxide emissions. Conversely, when the mixing chamber 110 is long, the mixing of hydrogen and air becomes very uniform. However, due to the differential diffusion effect during hydrogen combustion, new fuel stratification and localized high temperatures occur near the flame, making the combustion nozzle prone to backfire and increasing nitrogen oxide generation. Therefore, the axial dimension of the mixing chamber 110 should not be too long or too short. In this application, by limiting the range of the airflow channel 300a's connection opening relative to the minimum dimension d5 of the combustion chamber 120, the stratification phenomenon of hydrogen flow being a hydrogen-rich zone at the center and a hydrogen-poor zone at the periphery can be ensured. This allows for artificial control of fuel stratification, effectively mitigating fuel stratification caused by differential diffusion during hydrogen mixing, thereby reducing the formation of localized high-temperature areas and lowering nitrogen oxide generation.

[0114] The fuel nozzle provided in this application enhances the ability to adjust the nozzle outlet equivalence ratio distribution by setting at least one of the fuel and air to a multi-stage inlet method, thereby further reducing local high temperature and nitrogen oxide emissions in the combustion chamber.

[0115] Please see Figure 9 , Figure 9 Schematic diagrams of combustion systems provided in some embodiments of this application are shown. This application also provides a combustion system including the combustion nozzle described in any of the above embodiments. The combustion nozzles provided in the embodiments of this application can achieve at least one of the above-described technical effects.

[0116] Please see Figure 9 In some embodiments, the combustion system further includes an igniter 410, which has an ignition end disposed within the combustion chamber 120 for ignition operations within the combustion chamber 120. The igniter 410 enables the ignition operation of the combustion system.

[0117] Please see Figure 9 In some embodiments, the combustion system further includes a flame monitor 420 located within the combustion chamber 120, which monitors the combustion flame within the combustion chamber 120 to know the combustion status of the flame within the combustion chamber, and then adjusts the fuel flow rate of the fuel pipeline assembly 200 and the air flow rate of the air pipeline assembly 300 based on the feedback of the combustion status.

[0118] Please see Figure 9In some embodiments, the combustion system further includes a first pressure sensor 430 and a first temperature sensor 440. The first pressure sensor 430 is installed within the combustion chamber 120 to monitor the pressure within the combustion chamber 120; the first temperature sensor 440 is installed within the combustion chamber 120 to monitor the temperature within the combustion chamber 120. By monitoring the pressure and temperature within the combustion chamber 120 using the first pressure sensor 430 and the first temperature sensor 440, it is possible to ensure timely monitoring of the pressure and temperature within the combustion chamber 120, facilitating timely detection and control of abnormalities, thus enhancing safety.

[0119] Please see Figure 9 In some embodiments, the combustion chamber 120 has an exhaust port 121 communicating with the external environment on the side away from the mixing chamber 110. The combustion system also includes a second pressure sensor 450, a second temperature sensor 460, and a nitrogen oxide monitor. The second pressure sensor 450 is installed at the exhaust port 121 to monitor the pressure at the exhaust port 121; the second temperature sensor 460 is installed at the exhaust port 121 to monitor the temperature at the exhaust port 121; and the nitrogen oxide monitor is installed at the exhaust port 121 to monitor the nitrogen oxide content at the exhaust port 121. By monitoring the pressure and temperature at the exhaust port 121 using the second pressure sensor 450 and the second temperature sensor 460, the pressure and temperature at the exhaust port 121 can be monitored, facilitating timely detection and control of abnormalities, thus enhancing safety. Simultaneously, the nitrogen oxide monitor monitors the nitrogen oxide emissions at the exhaust port 121 to adjust the equivalence ratio entering the combustion system in real time.

[0120] Please see Figure 9 In some embodiments, the combustion system further includes a third pressure sensor 480 and a third temperature sensor 490. The third pressure sensor 480 is mounted on the outer periphery of the nozzle body 100 for monitoring the pressure of the external environment; the third temperature sensor 490 is mounted on the outer periphery of the nozzle body 100 for monitoring the temperature of the external environment. By monitoring the temperature and pressure of the external environment, the equivalence ratio of the combustion system can be adjusted in real time based on the temperature and pressure of the external environment, thereby reducing the impact of the external environment on the combustion of the combustion system.

[0121] Please see Figure 9In some embodiments, the combustion system further includes a controller for communicating with various components to control their operation. Specifically, the controller is communicatively connected to the first regulating valve 212, the first flow meter 213, the first shut-off valve 214, the second regulating valve 222, the second flow meter 223, the second shut-off valve 224, the third regulating valve 330, the third flow meter 340, the igniter 410, the flame monitor 420, the first pressure sensor 430, the first temperature sensor 440, the second pressure sensor 450, the second temperature sensor 460, the nitrogen oxide sensor 470, the third pressure sensor 480, and the third temperature sensor 490. The controller incorporates a clustered neural network prediction model based on data fed back from the aforementioned components. This model is pre-trained using computer simulation data before being incorporated into the controller, enabling it to predict future trends in pressure, temperature, and nitrogen oxide concentration at the exhaust port 121 based on historical sensor data, while simultaneously outputting the probability of flameout at future moments. Based on the flameout probability and the nitrogen oxide concentration at the exhaust port 121, the controller dynamically adjusts the first regulating valve 212 and the second regulating valve 222. While ensuring a constant total hydrogen mass flow rate into the combustion chamber 120, the controller changes the distribution of the inlet hydrogen (the interior of the first airflow channel 211 is a hydrogen-rich zone, and the interior of the second airflow channel 221 is a hydrogen-lean zone), thereby changing the distribution of the inlet equivalence ratio. This distribution can alleviate the local high temperature phenomenon caused by the differential diffusion effect of hydrogen and achieve low nitrogen oxide emissions.

[0122] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0123] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this invention patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A combustion nozzle, characterized in that, The combustion nozzle includes: The nozzle body (100) is configured with a mixing chamber (110). A fuel line assembly (200) includes a fuel flow passage (200a) communicating with the mixing chamber (110); the fuel line assembly (200) includes: The first hydrogen pipeline assembly (210) includes a first gas flow channel (211) and a first regulating valve (212) installed at the inlet of the first gas flow channel (211); the first gas flow channel (211) is used to provide hydrogen with a first concentration, and the side of the first gas flow channel (211) away from the first regulating valve (212) is connected to the mixing chamber (110); The second hydrogen pipeline assembly (220) includes a second gas flow channel (221) and a second regulating valve (222) installed at the inlet of the second gas flow channel (221); the second gas flow channel (221) surrounds at least a portion of the outer periphery of the first gas flow channel (211), the second gas flow channel (221) is used to provide hydrogen with a second concentration, the side of the second gas flow channel (221) away from the second regulating valve (222) is connected to the mixing chamber (110), and the first concentration is greater than the second concentration; An air duct assembly (300) includes an airflow passage (300a) communicating with the mixing chamber (110). The fuel flow channel (200a) and the air flow channel (300a) are provided with a plurality of communication ports, which are connected to the mixing chamber (110). The communication port of the air flow channel (300a) is located on the outer periphery of the communication port of the fuel flow channel (200a) along the radial direction of the mixing chamber (110). When the fuel flow channel (200a) is provided with a plurality of communication ports, the plurality of communication ports are arranged at intervals along the radial and / or circumferential direction of the mixing chamber (110).

2. The combustion nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first airflow channel (211) has a plurality of spaced first communication ports (2111) on the side away from the first regulating valve (212); the first communication ports (2111) are connected to the mixing chamber (110).

3. The combustion nozzle according to claim 2, characterized in that, The diameter d1 of the first connecting port (2111) satisfies the following condition: 0.1mm≤d1≤2mm.

4. The combustion nozzle according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second airflow channel (221) has a plurality of spaced second communication ports (2211) on the side opposite to the second regulating valve (222); the second communication ports (2211) surround the periphery of the plurality of first communication ports (2111); The second communication port (2211) is connected to the mixing chamber (110).

5. The combustion nozzle according to claim 4, characterized in that, The diameter d2 of the second connecting port (2211) satisfies the following condition: 0.1mm≤d2≤2mm.

6. The combustion nozzle according to claim 4, characterized in that, The side of the first connection port (2111) near the mixing chamber (110) is flush with the side of the second connection port (2211) near the mixing chamber (110).

7. The combustion nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first hydrogen pipeline assembly (210) further includes a first flow meter (213) installed at the inlet of the first gas flow channel (211), and the first flow meter (213) is located downstream of the first regulating valve (212); The second hydrogen pipeline assembly (220) also includes a second flow meter (223) installed at the inlet of the second gas flow channel (221), and the second flow meter (223) is located downstream of the second regulating valve (222).

8. The combustion nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the airflow channel (300a) is configured with a plurality of the communication ports, the plurality of communication ports are arranged at intervals along the axial and / or circumferential direction of the mixing chamber (110).

9. The combustion nozzle according to claim 8, characterized in that, The airflow channel (300a) is constructed with a plurality of third airflow channels (310) arranged circumferentially along the mixing chamber (110). The third airflow channel (310) extends radially along the mixing chamber (110) and has a third communication port (311) on the side near the mixing chamber (110), the third communication port (311) being connected to the mixing chamber (110).

10. The combustion nozzle according to claim 9, characterized in that, Along the axial direction of the mixing chamber (110), the minimum distance d3 between the connection port of the fuel line assembly (200) and the third connection port (311) satisfies the following condition: 1mm≤d3≤5mm.

11. The combustion nozzle according to claim 10, characterized in that, The airflow channel (300a) is constructed with a plurality of fourth airflow channels (320) arranged circumferentially along the mixing chamber (110). The fourth airflow channel (320) extends along the axial direction of the mixing chamber (110), and at least one of the fourth airflow channels (320) is provided with a plurality of fourth communication ports (321) spaced apart along the axial direction of the mixing chamber (110), the fourth communication ports (321) being connected to the mixing chamber (110).

12. The combustion nozzle according to claim 11, characterized in that, Along the axial direction of the mixing chamber (110), the distance d4 between two adjacent fourth connecting ports (321) satisfies the following condition: 1mm≤d4≤5mm.

13. The combustion nozzle according to any one of claims 1-12, characterized in that, The nozzle body (100) also includes a combustion chamber (120) connected to the mixing chamber (110), and the combustion chamber (120) is located downstream of the mixing chamber (110).

14. The combustion nozzle according to claim 13, characterized in that, Along the axial direction of the mixing chamber (110), the connection port of the airflow passage (300a) satisfies the condition relative to the minimum dimension d5 of the combustion chamber (120): 3mm≤d5≤10mm.

15. A combustion system, characterized in that, The combustion nozzle includes any one of claims 1-14.

Images