A compound cultivation method of Korean pine and blue huckleberry

Abstract

The application discloses a Korean pine-Vaccinium uliginosum compound cultivation method and belongs to the Korean pine cultivation technical field, and comprises the following steps: step one, breeding, seedling raising and sowing; step two, carrying out first-time transplanting in the second to third years; step three, installing a drip irrigation system to Korean pine areas and Vaccinium uliginosum areas after the first-time transplanting; step four, fertilizing the Korean pine and the Vaccinium uliginosum after the first-time transplanting; step five, carrying out second-time transplanting in the fifth year; and step six, carrying out tree shape pruning after the second-time transplanting. The Korean pine-Vaccinium uliginosum compound cultivation technology breaks the traditional single crop planting mode, forms a three-dimensional agricultural mode in the spatial layout of the Korean pine and the Vaccinium uliginosum, provides ecological benefits and long-term wood benefits for the Korean pine, provides short-term economic returns for the Vaccinium uliginosum, and realizes the maximum utilization of land resources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of Korean pine cultivation technology, specifically to a method for the integrated cultivation of Korean pine and honeysuckle berries. Background Technology

[0002] Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis), as the dominant species in temperate coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests of Northeast Asia, is a typical climax community leader with extremely high ecological, economic, and scientific research value. A long-lived, slow-growing coniferous species, its natural lifespan can reach 800–1000 years, and its diameter at breast height (DBH) can exceed 2 meters, making it a key species in the forest ecosystem of Northeast China. From a physiological and ecological perspective, Korean pine has a powerful carbon sequestration function; a single mature Korean pine tree can sequester 50–80 kg of carbon annually. Its root system is well-developed, with the taproot reaching a depth of 2–3 meters and lateral roots extending horizontally to 15–20 meters, forming a complex mycorrhizal symbiotic network that plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining forest soil structure and nutrient cycling. Korean pine seeds are rich in α-linolenic acid (15%–20%), vitamin E, and various trace elements, making them extremely nutritious.

[0003] Blue honeysuckle berries (Lonicera caerulea) belong to the Lonicera genus of the Caprifoliaceae family. They are a newly emerging functional small berry, rich in anthocyanins (content can reach 300-800mg / 100g fresh weight), vitamin C and a variety of bioactive substances, and have strong antioxidant activity.

[0004] Korean pine and honeysuckle berry exhibit significant ecological niche differentiation in terms of vertical space utilization, light requirements, and root distribution. Korean pine provides canopy shading, while honeysuckle berry grows as a shade-tolerant shrub in the understory, forming a typical multi-layered forest stand structure. This three-dimensional agroforestry model aligns with the concept of modern sustainable agricultural development. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention discloses a method for the integrated cultivation of Korean pine and honeysuckle berries, breaking the traditional single-crop planting model. The Korean pine and honeysuckle berries form a three-dimensional agricultural model in terms of spatial layout. The Korean pine provides ecological benefits and long-term timber income, while the honeysuckle berries provide short-term economic returns, thereby maximizing the utilization of land resources and solving the technical problems of low cultivation efficiency and economic benefits in existing Korean pine cultivation techniques.

[0006] This invention protects a method for intercropping Korean pine and honeysuckle, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Breeding, Seedling Raising, and Sowing: Soak Korean pine seeds in a 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes, rinse three times with clean water, drain, and sow at a rate of 34-37g per square meter at a depth of 1.3-1.7cm, covering the surface with 0.5cm of pine needles; place the honeysuckle seedlings in MS medium and put them in a light incubator for seedling cultivation and hardening-off, and then sow the honeysuckle seedlings. Understandably, this application uses potassium permanganate to disinfect and kill pathogens on the seed surface, thereby increasing the germination rate; and by covering the red pine seeds with pine needles to simulate the natural environment, it moisturizes the surface of the red pine seeds and promotes seed germination.

[0007] Step 2: The first transplanting is carried out in the 2nd to 3rd year: Cut the main root of the Korean pine seedling, leaving 13-17cm, and transplant it at a spacing of 10cm x 30cm. The transplanting depth is 2-3cm deeper than the original root depth. Six months after the Korean pine is transplanted, dig holes at a spacing of 1.2m between the Korean pine rows. Each hole is 30cm in diameter and 25cm deep. Apply 50g of special compound fertilizer to the bottom of each hole and mix it with the soil. Then transplant the honeysuckle seedlings into the holes. Understandably, this application promotes the formation of a well-developed shallow root system in Korean pine by cutting the main root of the Korean pine seedling and leaving 13-17cm, thus creating a root layer with the honeysuckle berries. The honeysuckle berries are then transplanted after a 6-month interval when the Korean pine root system has recovered, avoiding root damage caused by drastic changes in the root environment during transplantation.

[0008] Step 3: Install drip irrigation systems in the Korean pine and honeysuckle berry areas after the first transplanting; Step 4: Fertilize the Korean pine and the honeysuckle berries after the first transplant; Step 5: In the fifth year, carry out the second transplant: Dig holes, select healthy red pine trees and transplant them at a spacing of 5m x 5m. Add 20kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per hole to the backfill soil. Move the honeysuckle trees, keeping a distance of no less than 1.5m from the main trunk of the red pine trees. Adjust the irrigation system so that the dripper position corresponds to the new planting point. Step 6: Prune the trees after the second transplant: Prune the red pine trees in March each year, retaining 4-5 canopy branches on the main trunk and removing side branches below 2m from the ground, with the pruning angle at 45° to the main trunk; Prune the honeysuckle trees in November each year, retaining 3-5 plump buds on the fruiting branches and pruning diseased, insect-infested, and weak branches.

[0009] Understandably, this application reduces nutrient loss in Korean pine by pruning the trees before budding in March, retains 4-5 canopy branches to ensure a balance between tree shape and yield, and increases light exposure for honeysuckle berries by pruning the lower branches of the Korean pine. Pruning the honeysuckle berries in November avoids overlapping with the pruning period of the Korean pine, reduces disturbance to the overall ecology, and also disperses labor intensity.

[0010] Preferably, the seedling cultivation conditions are: temperature of 25℃, humidity of 85%, light regime of alternating 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness, and seedling cultivation time of 30 days.

[0011] Preferably, in step one, the hardening-off period is 4 weeks, and the light and shadow regime for hardening-off is the same as that for seedling cultivation, specifically: The temperature during the first week was 25℃, and the humidity was 80%. The temperature in the second week was 23℃, and the humidity was 75%. The temperature in the third week was 21℃, and the humidity was 70%. The temperature in the fourth week was 20°C and the humidity was 65%.

[0012] Understandably, this application uses a gradual reduction in humidity and temperature during the hardening-off process to allow the honeysuckle seedlings to adapt to natural environmental conditions.

[0013] Preferably, in step one, the MS medium contains 0.5 mg / L of IBA rooting agent.

[0014] Preferably, in step one, both the red pine seeds and the honeysuckle seedlings are sown in a seedling substrate, which is prepared by the following method: 600 parts peat, 300 parts vermiculite, 100 parts pine needles and 15 parts sulfur powder are mixed and stirred evenly, the pH is adjusted to 5.0-5.5 with sulfuric acid, tap water is added to a moisture content of 60%-65%, and the mixture is left to stand for 24 hours to obtain the seedling substrate.

[0015] It is understandable that both Korean pine and honeysuckle are acid-loving plants. This application provides organic matter and water retention through peat added to the seedling substrate, vermiculite enhances aeration, pine needles simulate the natural forest environment and slowly release organic acids, and sulfur powder produces sulfuric acid through microbial action, thus continuously maintaining an acidic environment.

[0016] Preferably, in step three, the drip irrigation system dripper flow rate installed in the red pine area is set to 2.0 L / h, and the drip irrigation system dripper flow rate installed in the blue honeysuckle area is set to 1.5 L / h.

[0017] Preferably, in step four, the fertilization of Korean pine involves applying 15g of urea per pine seedling in a trench 20cm away from the main trunk in April each year, and applying 10g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per pine seedling in conjunction with irrigation in June each year.

[0018] Preferably, in step four, the fertilization of honeysuckle berries involves applying a total of 30g of special compound fertilizer to the honeysuckle berry seedlings three times in May each year, with each application spaced 10 days apart. The application method is to apply the fertilizer in a shallow trench 5cm deep, 15cm away from the main trunk.

[0019] Preferably, in step five, the dimensions of the hole are 80cm x 80cm x 60cm.

[0020] Preferably, the special compound fertilizer is prepared through the following specific steps: S1. Preparation of anthocyanin-iron nanocages: Honeysuckle pomace was crushed to 3-5 mm and added to 70% ethanol. The pH was adjusted to 2.0 with citric acid. The mixture was ultrasonically extracted at 45℃ with a power of 400W for 30 min. The anthocyanin concentration was then vacuum concentrated to 2.5 mg / ml to obtain an anthocyanin solution. This solution was slowly added dropwise at a volume ratio of 1:3 to a citric acid solution at pH 4.0 at a dropping rate of 0.5 mL / min. The mixture was magnetically stirred at 25℃ with a rotation speed of 500 rpm for 2 hours. FeCl2·4H2O was added until the Fe... 2+ The concentration was 0.8 mM, and the reaction was continued for 2 hours, followed by standing for 24 hours to obtain anthocyanin-iron nanocages; S2. Carrier Pretreatment: 100 parts by weight of diatomaceous earth were sterilized at 121℃ for 30 minutes, then mixed thoroughly with 2 parts by weight of glucose, 0.5 parts by weight of peptone, and 0.1 parts by weight of KH2PO4 to obtain a pretreated carrier. The pretreated carrier was inoculated with Trichoderma, and the spore concentration was 1×10⁻⁶. 7 CFU / g carrier was added to 0.5 parts by weight of anthocyanin-iron nanocages, mixed evenly, and cultured for 10 days at a temperature of 28℃ and an aeration rate of 0.3L / (min·kg) to obtain co-immobilized fermentation products; S3. Mix 400 parts by weight of decomposed organic matter, 70 parts by weight of urea, 150 parts by weight of superphosphate, 150 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 100 parts by weight of co-immobilized fermentation products, 10 parts by weight of sulfur powder, 20 parts by weight of humic acid, 2 parts by weight of borax, 3 parts by weight of zinc sulfate and 2 parts by weight of manganese sulfate evenly to obtain a special compound fertilizer.

[0021] Understandably, this application utilizes the resource utilization of honeysuckle pomace and employs anthocyanin-iron nanocage composite carrier technology to change the release mechanism of traditional fertilizers, enabling nutrients to be supplied in a slow-release manner. This improves the disease resistance, stress resistance, growth and development promotion, chelation of harmful heavy metals in the soil, and safety and environmental protection performance of red pine and honeysuckle pomace.

[0022] Diatomaceous earth carriers have a natural porous structure and excellent ion exchange capacity, which can affect the healthy growth of plants through adsorption-desorption and regulation of soil physicochemical properties, the so-called "mineral fertilizer therapy". Secondly, diatomaceous earth carriers can also collect and slowly release various nutrients and release them into the plant rhizosphere environment, thereby improving soil fertility and alleviating symptoms such as nutrient deficiency and slow growth in plants.

[0023] The prepared co-immobilized fermentation product contains active Trichoderma fungi with a large specific surface area and numerous tiny pores. This allows it to regulate soil moisture and absorb organic matter secreted by plant rhizosphere, promoting rhizosphere microecological balance and thus improving plant nutrient absorption efficiency. The surface-loaded anthocyanin-iron nanocage and Trichoderma fungi composite system contains transition metal ions (Fe2+, Fe2+, Fe2+, Fe2+) 2+ It also contains natural organic ligands such as anthocyanins, which work synergistically to enhance the effects of the product. It features low raw material costs and stable performance. Iron ions can participate in the regulation of plant enzyme activity, while anthocyanins have strong antioxidant activity, which can scavenge free radicals, improve plant cell membrane stability, enhance stress resistance, reduce plant stress response, alleviate growth inhibition caused by diseases, nutrient deficiencies, and other factors, activate the plant immune system, improve disease resistance, reduce the incidence of diseases and pests, and also alleviate local necrosis caused by diseases. In addition, it has functions such as promoting cell division, promoting wound healing, enhancing metabolic capacity, and promoting vascular bundle development.

[0024] This invention pretreats the co-immobilized fermentation product with a carrier, which allows the Trichoderma spores to bind tightly with the diatomaceous earth carrier. Trichoderma can synergistically interact with anthocyanin-iron nanocages, and anthocyanin molecules can interact with the cell wall components of Trichoderma, thereby promoting the dispersion of active ingredients in the soil. This allows the functional components to be evenly distributed in the plant rhizosphere, promoting nutrient conversion and improving biological activity.

[0025] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The present invention adopts the red pine-blue honeysuckle intercropping technology, which breaks the traditional single crop planting model. The red pine and blue honeysuckle form a three-dimensional agricultural model in terms of spatial layout. The red pine provides ecological benefits and long-term timber income, while the blue honeysuckle provides short-term economic returns, thus maximizing the use of land resources.

[0026] (2) The input-output ratio of the present invention far exceeds that of the traditional Korean pine cultivation method, significantly improving economic benefits. The source of raw materials is stable, and both Korean pine seedlings and honeysuckle seedlings are common local varieties. The supply chain is stable and there is no problem of regional dependence.

[0027] (3) This invention uses natural plant resources, which is in line with the concept of sustainable development. The cultivation process avoids the use of chemical pesticides and adopts a biologically friendly fertilization scheme. Korean pine has a strong carbon sequestration capacity, which can effectively regulate the climate, conserve water and soil, and purify the air. The composite cultivation model is conducive to maintaining the ecological balance of the forest and improving biodiversity.

[0028] (4) The present invention uses a drip irrigation system for precise control, reduces water consumption, and adapts to the growth pattern of plants by applying fertilizer in different seasons, thereby improving the reliability and stability of Korean pine cultivation.

[0029] (5) The composite cultivation technology of this invention is based on a three-dimensional agricultural model. This Korean pine-honeysuckle composite system has good ecological stability and economic benefits, high space utilization, reasonable allocation of land resources, strong risk resistance, good sustainability, and rich biodiversity. During its growth, Korean pine has a strong carbon sequestration capacity, which can effectively fix and convert CO2 in the atmosphere and store it in the wood. Then, it uses its root network to spread to the entire ecosystem and continuously cycle, achieving both the environmental goal of carbon neutrality and the economic benefits of forestry. The growth process is continuous and stable and will not burden the environment. In the composite cultivation model, Korean pine provides an ecological barrier, preventing soil erosion while improving the quality and application effect of honeysuckle.

[0030] (6) The composite cultivation technology of the present invention has the effects of low cost, ability to regulate soil pH and nutrient status, good adaptability, good disease resistance, stress resistance and resistance performance, good sustainability, promotion of plant growth and development and improvement of economic benefits, and is worth promoting. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] The special compound fertilizer used in this application embodiment is prepared through the following specific steps: S1. Preparation of anthocyanin-iron nanocages: Honeysuckle pomace was crushed to 3-5 mm and added to 70% ethanol. The pH was adjusted to 2.0 with citric acid. The mixture was ultrasonically extracted at 45℃ with a power of 400W for 30 min. The anthocyanin concentration was then vacuum concentrated to 2.5 mg / ml to obtain an anthocyanin solution. This solution was slowly added dropwise at a volume ratio of 1:3 to a citric acid solution at pH 4.0 at a dropping rate of 0.5 mL / min. The mixture was magnetically stirred at 25℃ with a rotation speed of 500 rpm for 2 hours. FeCl2·4H2O was added until the Fe... 2+ The concentration was 0.8 mM, and the reaction was continued for 2 hours, followed by standing for 24 hours to obtain anthocyanin-iron nanocages; S2. Carrier Pretreatment: 100 parts by weight of diatomaceous earth were sterilized at 121℃ for 30 minutes, then mixed thoroughly with 2 parts by weight of glucose, 0.5 parts by weight of peptone, and 0.1 parts by weight of KH2PO4 to obtain a pretreated carrier. The pretreated carrier was inoculated with Trichoderma, and the spore concentration was 1×10⁻⁶. 7CFU / g carrier was added to 0.5 parts by weight of anthocyanin-iron nanocages, mixed evenly, and cultured for 10 days at a temperature of 28℃ and an aeration rate of 0.3L / (min·kg) to obtain co-immobilized fermentation products; S3. Mix 400 parts by weight of decomposed organic matter, 70 parts by weight of urea, 150 parts by weight of superphosphate, 150 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 100 parts by weight of co-immobilized fermentation products, 10 parts by weight of sulfur powder, 20 parts by weight of humic acid, 2 parts by weight of borax, 3 parts by weight of zinc sulfate and 2 parts by weight of manganese sulfate evenly to obtain a special compound fertilizer.

[0033] Example 1 Step 1: Breeding, Seedling Raising, and Sowing: Soak Korean pine seeds in a 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes, rinse three times with clean water, drain, and sow at a rate of 35.5g per square meter at a depth of 1.5cm, covering the surface with 0.5cm of pine needles. Place the honeysuckle seedlings in MS medium with 0.5mg / L IBA rooting agent added, and place them in a light incubator for seedling cultivation. The seedling cultivation conditions are 25℃ and 85% humidity, with a light regime of alternating 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness. The seedling cultivation period is 30 days, followed by hardening-off for 4 weeks, with the same light regime as the seedling cultivation: Week 1: 25℃, 80% humidity; Week 2: 23℃, 75% humidity; Week 3: 21℃, 70% humidity; Week 4: 20℃, 65% humidity.

[0034] Both red pine seeds and honeysuckle seedlings are sown in a seedling substrate. The seedling substrate is prepared by mixing 600 parts peat, 300 parts vermiculite, 100 parts pine needles and 15 parts sulfur powder, stirring evenly, adjusting the pH to 5.25 with sulfuric acid, adding tap water to a moisture content of 62.5%, and letting it stand for 24 hours to obtain the seedling substrate.

[0035] Step 2, First Transplant: The first transplant is carried out in the 2.5th year. Cut the main root of the Korean pine seedling, leaving 15cm. Transplant at a spacing of 10cm x 30cm, and the transplanting depth is 2.5cm deeper than the original root depth. Six months after the Korean pine transplant, dig holes at a spacing of 1.2m between the Korean pine rows. Each hole is 30cm in diameter and 25cm deep. Apply 50g of special compound fertilizer to the bottom of each hole and mix it with the soil. Transplant the honeysuckle seedlings into the holes.

[0036] Step 3: Install drip irrigation system: After the first transplant, install drip irrigation system in the red pine area and the honeysuckle berry area. Set the dripper flow rate of the drip irrigation system in the red pine area to 2.0L / h and the dripper flow rate of the drip irrigation system in the honeysuckle berry area to 1.5L / h.

[0037] Step 4, Fertilization Management: Fertilize after the first transplanting. For Korean pine, apply 15g of urea per seedling in April, 20cm away from the main trunk. In June, apply 10g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per seedling in conjunction with irrigation. For honeysuckle seedlings, apply a total of 30g of special compound fertilizer per seedling in May, 10 days apart, in three applications. Apply the fertilizer in a shallow trench 5cm deep, 15cm away from the main trunk.

[0038] Step 5, Second Transplant: In the fifth year, a second transplant will be carried out. The hole size is 80cm x 80cm x 60cm. Select a healthy red pine tree and transplant it at a spacing of 5m x 5m. Add 20kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per hole to the backfill soil. Move the honeysuckle tree, keeping a distance of no less than 1.5m from the main trunk of the red pine. Adjust the irrigation system so that the dripper position corresponds to the new planting point.

[0039] Step Six: Tree Shaping Pruning. Tree shaping pruning is carried out after the second transplant. In March of each year, the red pine trees are pruned, retaining 4.5 canopy branches on the main trunk and removing side branches below 2m from the ground. The pruning angle is 45° with the main trunk. In November of each year, the honeysuckle trees are pruned, with fruiting branches retained to 4 plump buds and shortened. Diseased, insect-infested, and weak branches are removed.

[0040] Example 2 Step 1: Breeding, Seedling Raising, and Sowing: Soak Korean pine seeds in a 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes, rinse three times with clean water, drain, and sow at a rate of 34g per square meter at a depth of 1.3cm, covering the surface with 0.5cm of pine needles. Place the honeysuckle seedlings in MS medium with 0.5mg / L IBA rooting agent added, and place them in a light incubator for seedling cultivation. The seedling cultivation conditions are 25℃ and 85% humidity, with a light regime of alternating 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness. The seedling cultivation period is 30 days, followed by hardening-off for 4 weeks, with the same light regime as the seedling cultivation: Week 1: 25℃, 80% humidity; Week 2: 23℃, 75% humidity; Week 3: 21℃, 70% humidity; Week 4: 20℃, 65% humidity.

[0041] Both red pine seeds and honeysuckle seedlings are sown in a seedling substrate. The seedling substrate is prepared by mixing 600 parts peat, 300 parts vermiculite, 100 parts pine needles and 15 parts sulfur powder, stirring evenly, adjusting the pH to 5.0 with sulfuric acid, adding tap water to a moisture content of 60%, and letting it stand for 24 hours to obtain the seedling substrate.

[0042] Step 2, First Transplant: The first transplant is carried out in the second year. The main root of the Korean pine seedling is cut off, leaving 13cm. The seedlings are transplanted at a spacing of 10cm x 30cm, and the transplanting depth is 2cm deeper than the original root depth. Six months after the Korean pine is transplanted, holes are dug between the Korean pine rows at a spacing of 1.2m. Each hole is 30cm in diameter and 25cm deep. 50g of special compound fertilizer is applied to the bottom of each hole and mixed with the soil. The honeysuckle seedlings are then transplanted into the holes.

[0043] Step 3: Install drip irrigation system: After the first transplant, install drip irrigation system in the red pine area and the honeysuckle berry area. Set the dripper flow rate of the drip irrigation system in the red pine area to 2.0L / h and the dripper flow rate of the drip irrigation system in the honeysuckle berry area to 1.5L / h.

[0044] Step 4, Fertilization Management: Fertilize after the first transplanting. For Korean pine, apply 15g of urea per seedling in April, 20cm away from the main trunk. In June, apply 10g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per seedling in conjunction with irrigation. For honeysuckle seedlings, apply a total of 30g of special compound fertilizer per seedling in May, 10 days apart, in three applications. Apply the fertilizer in a shallow trench 5cm deep, 15cm away from the main trunk.

[0045] Step 5, Second Transplant: In the fifth year, a second transplant will be carried out. The hole size is 80cm x 80cm x 60cm. Select a healthy red pine tree and transplant it at a spacing of 5m x 5m. Add 20kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per hole to the backfill soil. Move the honeysuckle tree, keeping a distance of no less than 1.5m from the main trunk of the red pine. Adjust the irrigation system so that the dripper position corresponds to the new planting point.

[0046] Step Six: Tree Shaping Pruning. Tree shaping pruning is carried out after the second transplant. In March of each year, the red pine trees are pruned, retaining 4 canopy branches on the main trunk and removing side branches below 2m from the ground. The pruning angle is 45° with the main trunk. In November of each year, the honeysuckle trees are pruned, retaining 3 plump buds on the fruiting branches and shortening them, and removing diseased, insect-infested, and weak branches.

[0047] Example 3 Step 1: Breeding, Seedling Raising, and Sowing: Soak Korean pine seeds in a 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes, rinse three times with clean water, drain, and sow at a rate of 37g per square meter at a depth of 1.7cm, covering the surface with 0.5cm of pine needles. Place the honeysuckle seedlings in MS medium with 0.5mg / L IBA rooting agent added, and place them in a light incubator for seedling cultivation. The seedling cultivation conditions are 25℃ and 85% humidity, with a light regime of alternating 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness. The seedling cultivation period is 30 days, followed by hardening-off for 4 weeks, with the same light regime as the seedling cultivation: Week 1: 25℃, 80% humidity; Week 2: 23℃, 75% humidity; Week 3: 21℃, 70% humidity; Week 4: 20℃, 65% humidity.

[0048] Both red pine seeds and honeysuckle seedlings are sown in a seedling substrate. The seedling substrate is prepared by mixing 600 parts peat, 300 parts vermiculite, 100 parts pine needles and 15 parts sulfur powder, stirring evenly, adjusting the pH to 5.5 with sulfuric acid, adding tap water to a moisture content of 65%, and letting it stand for 24 hours to obtain the seedling substrate.

[0049] Step 2, First Transplant: The first transplant is carried out in the third year. The main root of the Korean pine seedling is cut off, leaving 17cm. The seedlings are transplanted at a spacing of 10cm x 30cm, and the transplanting depth is 3cm deeper than the original root depth. Six months after the Korean pine is transplanted, holes are dug between the Korean pine rows at a spacing of 1.2m. Each hole is 30cm in diameter and 25cm deep. 50g of special compound fertilizer is applied to the bottom of each hole and mixed with the soil. The honeysuckle seedlings are then transplanted into the holes.

[0050] Step 3: Install drip irrigation system: After the first transplant, install drip irrigation system in the red pine area and the honeysuckle berry area. Set the dripper flow rate of the drip irrigation system in the red pine area to 2.0L / h and the dripper flow rate of the drip irrigation system in the honeysuckle berry area to 1.5L / h.

[0051] Step 4, Fertilization Management: Fertilize after the first transplanting. For Korean pine, apply 15g of urea per seedling in April, 20cm away from the main trunk. In June, apply 10g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per seedling in conjunction with irrigation. For honeysuckle seedlings, apply a total of 30g of special compound fertilizer per seedling in May, 10 days apart, in three applications. Apply the fertilizer in a shallow trench 5cm deep, 15cm away from the main trunk.

[0052] Step 5, Second Transplant: In the fifth year, a second transplant will be carried out. The hole size is 80cm x 80cm x 60cm. Select a healthy red pine tree and transplant it at a spacing of 5m x 5m. Add 20kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per hole to the backfill soil. Move the honeysuckle tree, keeping a distance of no less than 1.5m from the main trunk of the red pine. Adjust the irrigation system so that the dripper position corresponds to the new planting point.

[0053] Step Six: Tree Shaping Pruning. Tree shaping pruning is carried out after the second transplant. Prune the red pine trees in March each year, retaining 5 main branches and removing side branches below 2m from the ground. The pruning angle is 45° with the main trunk. Prune the honeysuckle trees in November each year, retaining 5 plump buds on the fruiting branches and shortening them. Remove diseased, insect-infested, and weak branches.

[0054] Comparative Example 1: Traditional Korean pine direct seeding cultivation.

[0055] Step 1: Traditional direct seeding cultivation: Soak Korean pine seeds in clean water for 24 hours and then sow them directly. The sowing amount is 40g per square meter, the sowing depth is 2.0-3.0cm, and after sowing, cover with 1cm of soil. Sow directly in ordinary forest soil.

[0056] Step 2, routine transplanting management: Transplanting is carried out in the 4th year without cutting the main root. Transplant at a spacing of 2m x 3m. The transplanting hole should be 40cm x 40cm x 40cm. Apply 20g of ordinary compound fertilizer to the bottom of the hole.

[0057] Step 3: Traditional irrigation method: Manual irrigation or flood irrigation is used, and the irrigation time and water volume are judged based on experience.

[0058] Step 4, routine fertilization management: Apply ordinary compound fertilizer once a year in spring, at a rate of 25g / plant, and apply it in a circular trench 30cm away from the main trunk.

[0059] Step 5, Final Planting: In the 8th year, the final planting is carried out. Transplant at a spacing of 4m x 4m, and dig holes with dimensions of 60cm x 60cm x 50cm. Add 10kg of farmyard manure per hole to the backfill soil.

[0060] Step 6: Simple pruning management: Prune once a year in winter, mainly removing diseased and insect-infested branches and overly dense branches, retaining 3-4 main branches on the trunk, and the pruning angle is arbitrary.

[0061] Comparative Example 2: Traditional container seedling cultivation method for Korean pine.

[0062] Step 1: Container seedling raising: Soak the red pine seeds in a 0.3% potassium permanganate solution for 5 minutes, and sow them in seedling containers with dimensions of 8cm x 10cm. The seedling substrate is a 1:1 mixture of peat moss and river sand with a pH of 6.5-7.0 and a moisture content of 55%. Seedling raising is carried out in a natural greenhouse at a temperature of 15-25℃ and under natural light.

[0063] Step 2, routine transplanting: Transplant in the 3rd year without cutting the taproot. Transplant at a spacing of 1.5m x 2.5m, at the same depth as the original root system. The transplanting hole should be 50cm x 50cm x 45cm, and 15kg of organic fertilizer should be applied to each hole.

[0064] Step 3, furrow irrigation management: Furrow irrigation is adopted, and irrigation furrows 15cm deep are dug between rows. Irrigation is carried out according to soil moisture, without flow control.

[0065] Step 4, Traditional Fertilization: Fertilize once each in April and August. Apply 20g of urea per plant in spring and 15g of compound fertilizer per plant in autumn, both by broadcasting.

[0066] Step 5, Second Transplant: In the 6th year, transplant the plants at a spacing of 3.5m x 4m. Dig holes with dimensions of 70cm x 70cm x 55cm and add 15kg of well-rotted farmyard manure per hole to the backfill soil.

[0067] Step 6, extensive pruning: Prune every spring, retaining 4-5 branches on the main trunk and removing lateral branches below 1.5m.

[0068] Comparative Example 3: Traditional Korean pine afforestation and cultivation methods in mountainous areas.

[0069] Step 1: Direct seeding in mountainous areas: Select a sunny slope with a gradient of 25-35° for direct seeding in mountainous areas. The seeding rate of red pine seeds is 45g per square meter, and the sowing depth is 3-4cm. After sowing, cover the seeds with branches to prevent soil erosion.

[0070] Step 2, extensive management and transplanting: Transplanting is carried out in the 5th year. Select a sloping site and transplant at a spacing of 3m x 4m. Dig a hole with a size of 60cm x 60cm x 50cm. Do not apply base fertilizer, just backfill with the original soil.

[0071] Step 3: Reliance on natural rainfall: Relying entirely on natural rainfall without artificial irrigation, with 1-2 emergency waterings during drought years.

[0072] Step 4, extensive fertilization: Fertilize once every 2-3 years. In spring, apply 30g of compound fertilizer per plant without digging trenches and burying it, allowing it to seep in naturally.

[0073] Step 5: Natural growth: Secondary transplantation is generally not carried out. The red pines are allowed to grow naturally in their original location until they reach maturity. Thinning is only carried out when the density is too high.

[0074] Step Six: Minimal Intervention Pruning: Only remove dead and diseased branches when necessary, without shaping or pruning, to maintain the natural tree shape.

[0075] Performance testing 1. Randomly select 30 red pine trees from each group for measurement. The seedling growth indicators are measured at the end of October of the eighth year: plant height, ground diameter, crown width, and root development.

[0076] 2. In the 8th year, the growth of honeysuckle berries from Examples 1 to 3 was tested, and data from honeysuckle berries grown using conventional methods were used as control data.

[0077] Test Result Data Table Table 1. Comparison of growth indicators of Korean pine

[0078] Table 2. Growth of honeysuckle fruit

[0079] Data Analysis As can be seen from Table 1, the embodiment significantly outperformed the three comparative examples in all growth indicators of Korean pine. This significant advantage stems from the superiority of the compound cultivation method of this application: as a companion plant, the organic acids secreted by the roots of honeysuckle fruit can activate nutrients such as phosphorus and potassium in the soil, thereby improving the nutrient utilization efficiency of Korean pine; at the same time, the mycorrhizal symbiotic network formed by the two plants enhances the stress resistance and nutrient cycling capacity of the entire system; the slow-release characteristics of anthocyanin-iron nanocages in the special compound fertilizer and the growth-promoting effect of Trichoderma further optimize the rhizosphere environment, promoting the development of Korean pine roots and the growth of the aboveground parts.

[0080] As shown in Table 2, the growth performance of honeysuckle berries in all three examples was superior to that of the conventional control. The significant increase in honeysuckle berry yield was mainly attributed to the mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship with Korean pine: the needle litter of Korean pine provided the soil with abundant organic matter and trace elements, improving the soil's physicochemical properties; the tall canopy of Korean pine created a suitable semi-shaded environment for honeysuckle berries, avoiding strong light stress; the microclimate environment formed by the composite cultivation system had a more stable temperature and moderate humidity, which was conducive to the differentiation of flower buds and the development of fruit in honeysuckle berries; in addition, the precise nutrient supply from the special compound fertilizer and the root-promoting effect of Trichoderma significantly improved the photosynthetic efficiency and nutrient accumulation capacity of honeysuckle berries.

[0081] In summary, the cultivation method described in this application significantly promotes the growth and development of Korean pine and honeysuckle berries, maximizing the utilization of land and space resources.

[0082] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. All equivalent changes and improvements made within the scope of the present invention should still fall within the patent coverage of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for intercropping Korean pine and honeysuckle berries, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Breeding, Seedling Raising, and Sowing: Soak Korean pine seeds in a 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes, rinse three times with clean water, drain, and sow at a rate of 34-37g per square meter at a depth of 1.3-1.7cm, covering the surface with 0.5cm of pine needles; place the honeysuckle seedlings in MS medium and put them in a light incubator for seedling cultivation and hardening-off, and then sow the honeysuckle seedlings. Step 2: The first transplanting is carried out in the 2nd to 3rd year: Cut the main root of the Korean pine seedling, leaving 13-17cm, and transplant it at a spacing of 10cm x 30cm. The transplanting depth is 2-3cm deeper than the original root depth. Six months after the Korean pine is transplanted, dig holes at a spacing of 1.2m between the Korean pine rows. Each hole is 30cm in diameter and 25cm deep. Apply 50g of special compound fertilizer to the bottom of each hole and mix it with the soil. Then transplant the honeysuckle seedlings into the holes. Step 3: Install drip irrigation systems in the Korean pine and honeysuckle berry areas after the first transplanting; Step 4: Fertilize the Korean pine and the honeysuckle berries after the first transplant; Step 5: In the fifth year, carry out the second transplant: Dig holes, select healthy red pine trees and transplant them at a spacing of 5m x 5m. Add 20kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per hole to the backfill soil. Move the honeysuckle trees, keeping a distance of no less than 1.5m from the main trunk of the red pine trees. Adjust the irrigation system so that the dripper position corresponds to the new planting point. Step 6: Prune the trees after the second transplant: Prune the red pine trees in March each year, retaining 4-5 canopy branches on the main trunk and removing side branches below 2m from the ground, with the pruning angle at 45° to the main trunk; Prune the honeysuckle trees in November each year, retaining 3-5 plump buds on the fruiting branches and pruning diseased, insect-infested, and weak branches. The special compound fertilizer is prepared through the following specific steps: S1. Preparation of anthocyanin-iron nanocages: Honeysuckle pomace was crushed to 3-5 mm and added to 70% ethanol. The pH was adjusted to 2.0 with citric acid. The mixture was ultrasonically extracted at 45℃ with a power of 400W for 30 min. The anthocyanin concentration was then vacuum concentrated to 2.5 mg / ml to obtain an anthocyanin solution. This solution was slowly added dropwise at a volume ratio of 1:3 to a citric acid solution at pH 4.0 at a dropping rate of 0.5 mL / min. The mixture was magnetically stirred at 25℃ with a rotation speed of 500 rpm for 2 hours. FeCl2·4H2O was added until the Fe... 2+ The concentration was 0.8 mM, and the reaction was continued for 2 hours, followed by standing for 24 hours to obtain anthocyanin-iron nanocages; S2. Carrier Pretreatment: 100 parts by weight of diatomaceous earth were sterilized at 121℃ for 30 minutes, then mixed thoroughly with 2 parts by weight of glucose, 0.5 parts by weight of peptone, and 0.1 parts by weight of KH2PO4 to obtain a pretreated carrier. The pretreated carrier was inoculated with Trichoderma, and the spore concentration was 1×10⁻⁶. 7 CFU / g carrier was added to 0.5 parts by weight of anthocyanin-iron nanocages, mixed evenly, and cultured for 10 days at a temperature of 28℃ and an aeration rate of 0.3L / (min·kg) to obtain co-immobilized fermentation products; S3. Mix 400 parts by weight of decomposed organic matter, 70 parts by weight of urea, 150 parts by weight of superphosphate, 150 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 100 parts by weight of co-immobilized fermentation products, 10 parts by weight of sulfur powder, 20 parts by weight of humic acid, 2 parts by weight of borax, 3 parts by weight of zinc sulfate and 2 parts by weight of manganese sulfate evenly to obtain a special compound fertilizer.

2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step one, the seedling cultivation conditions are: temperature of 25℃, humidity of 85%, light regime of alternating 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness, and seedling cultivation time of 30 days.

3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step one, the hardening-off period is 4 weeks, and the light and shadow regime for hardening-off is the same as that for seedling cultivation. The specific conditions are as follows: The temperature during the first week was 25℃, and the humidity was 80%. The temperature in the second week was 23℃, and the humidity was 75%. The temperature in the third week was 21℃, and the humidity was 70%. The temperature in the fourth week was 20°C and the humidity was 65%.

4. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step one, 0.5 mg / L of IBA rooting agent is added to the MS medium.

5. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step one, both red pine seeds and honeysuckle seedlings are sown in a seedling substrate, which is prepared by the following method: 600 parts peat, 300 parts vermiculite, 100 parts pine needles and 15 parts sulfur powder are mixed and stirred evenly. The pH is adjusted to 5.0-5.5 with sulfuric acid, and tap water is added to a moisture content of 60%-65%. The mixture is left to stand for 24 hours to obtain the seedling substrate.

6. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step three, the drip irrigation system installed in the red pine area has a drip head flow rate of 2.0 L / h, and the drip irrigation system installed in the blue honeysuckle area has a drip head flow rate of 1.5 L / h.

7. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step four, the fertilization of Korean pine involves applying 15g of urea per pine seedling in a trench 20cm away from the main trunk in April each year, and applying 10g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per pine seedling in conjunction with irrigation in June each year.

8. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step four, the fertilization of honeysuckle berries involves applying a total of 30g of special compound fertilizer to each honeysuckle berry seedling in three applications in May each year, with an interval of 10 days between each application. The application method is to apply the fertilizer in a shallow trench 5cm deep, 15cm away from the main trunk.

9. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step five, the dimensions of the hole are 80cm x 80cm x 60cm.

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