High-efficiency internal spline lapping stick micro-texture

Abstract

The technical scheme of the present application is: a high-efficiency inner spline grinding rod micro-texture, comprising a grinding rod handle 1, a grinding head 2 and a micro-texture 3, wherein: the grinding rod handle 1 is in a rod-shaped structure, one end of the grinding rod handle 1 is provided with the grinding head 2, both tooth surfaces of the grinding head 2 are provided with the same arrangement mode of the micro-texture 3, on a single-side tooth surface, the micro-texture 3 is arrayed and distributed at a first preset interval along a tooth shape direction and at a second preset interval along a tooth direction; the shape of the micro-texture 3 is an ellipsoidal micro-texture, a crystal groove type micro-texture, a bowl groove type micro-texture, a single-direction tear drop type micro-texture, an alternating direction tear drop type micro-texture or a bidirectional alternating tear drop type micro-texture.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mechanical structure technology, specifically relating to a high-efficiency internal spline grinding rod microtexture. Background Technology

[0002] An internal spline is a connection device used to transmit torque, commonly found in rotating components of aerospace equipment. In the aerospace field, the precision and reliability of internal splines are crucial for ensuring the safety and performance of spacecraft. Current methods for grinding internal splines involve manual grinding using grinding rods and fluxes, which suffers from numerous problems such as difficulty in guaranteeing dimensional accuracy, poor quality, and low processing efficiency, failing to meet the demands of mass production.

[0003] The main problem with traditional internal spline grinding rods is the low participation of the grinding fluid during the grinding process. This means that most of the abrasive particles in the grinding fluid cannot participate in the grinding of the internal spline workpiece surface, resulting in reduced grinding efficiency, longer workpiece processing time, and an increase in the total amount of grinding fluid required, which increases the cost of the grinding process. Furthermore, the excessive use of grinding fluid may cause scratches on other parts of the workpiece, thus affecting the overall quality of the workpiece. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a high-efficiency internal spline grinding rod microtexture, which can solve the technical problems of low participation of abrasive particles in the grinding slurry during the grinding process, low grinding pressure, high amount of grinding slurry, and low grinding efficiency.

[0005] The technical solution of this invention is: a high-efficiency internal spline grinding rod microtexture, comprising a grinding rod shank 1, a grinding head 2, and a microtexture 3, wherein: The grinding rod shank 1 is a rod-shaped structure. A grinding head 2 is provided at one end of the grinding rod shank 1. Both tooth surfaces of the grinding head 2 are provided with microtextures 3 arranged in the same way. On one side of the tooth surface, the microtextures 3 are arranged in an array at a first preset interval along the tooth shape direction and at a second preset interval along the tooth direction. The shape of the microtextures 3 is an ellipsoidal microtexture, a crystal groove microtexture, a bowl groove microtexture, a unidirectional teardrop microtexture, an alternating direction teardrop microtexture, or a bidirectional alternating teardrop microtexture.

[0006] Specifically, when microtexture 3 is an ellipsoidal microtexture, the structure is a symmetrical ellipsoidal pit structure. The whole is a smoothly transitioning ellipsoid with local "indentation" on the surface of the grinding head to form pits. The major axis of microtexture 3 is 0.4 mm, the minor axis is 0.15 mm, and the pit depth is 0.075 mm. The curvature of the surface of the pit is continuous and symmetrical in all directions, without obvious sharp corners, and the fluid forms a stable circulating flow field along the ellipsoidal surface. Specifically, when microtexture 3 is a crystal groove type microtexture, the crystal groove type microtexture is a groove structure formed by a triangular double pyramid "pressed" into the surface of the grinding head. Its structure is composed of two triangular pyramids with a common base symmetrically combined. The overall microtexture presents a shape with a sharp edge at the bottom and inclined walls on both sides. The inclined side walls can guide the flow of grinding fluid, and shear vortices are generated near the central edge, thereby enhancing the uniformity of abrasive grain distribution and chip removal efficiency. The triangular pyramid structure of microtexture 3 is an isosceles triangle with a height of 0.2 mm, a base length of 0.3 mm, and a width of 0.2 mm.

[0007] Specifically, when the microtexture 3 is a bowl-groove type microtexture, the bowl-groove type microtexture is a long strip-shaped groove structure on the surface of the grinding rod. This microtexture has a long strip-shaped orthographic projection on the surface of the grinding rod, with "rounded transitions at the top and bottom and a rectangular section in the middle". The groove has the shape of "arc-shaped inlets on both sides and a gentle inner cavity in the middle". The overall shape is the inner cavity of a bowl. The arc-shaped inlets guide the grinding fluid to flow smoothly. The inner cavity space causes the fluid to form local vortices to prolong the residence time of the abrasive particles. The pressure gradient generated by the change in the flow channel size also promotes the circulation and renewal of the grinding fluid and the efficient discharge of chips. The groove length of the microtexture 3 is 0.74 mm and the width is 0.2 mm.

[0008] Specifically, when microtexture 3 is a unidirectional teardrop-shaped microtexture, the unidirectional teardrop-shaped microtexture is an asymmetric arc-shaped groove structure. This microtexture appears as a long strip-shaped orthographic projection with "upper short rectangular segment and lower long rectangular segment connecting" on the surface of the grinding rod. The whole extends along a specific direction, with no sharp edges on the contour edge, smooth transition, and uniform width throughout. However, there is a distinction between the "head" and the "tail" along the length direction. The head side is a gentle arc, and the tail side is a steep arc, forming an asymmetric cross section with "gentle entry and steep exit". The overall shape is teardrop-shaped. The asymmetric arc structure allows the fluid to flow in a unidirectional direction, forming a pressure gradient through the curvature difference of the flow channel. This not only strengthens the adhesion of abrasive grains to the workpiece surface to improve cutting efficiency, but also smoothly guides the chips out with the help of the arc-shaped wall.

[0009] Specifically, the microtexture 3 is a long strip-shaped orthographic projection on the surface of the grinding rod, with a groove length of 0.5 mm and a width of 0.2 mm; the groove is composed of two different arcs with radii of 0.14 mm and 0.7 mm.

[0010] Specifically, when microtexture 3 is an alternating direction teardrop microtexture, it is composed of alternating forward and reverse arrangements of unidirectional teardrop microtextures along the tooth direction of the grinding rod; the orientations of two adjacent unidirectional teardrop microtextures are opposite. Each unidirectional teardrop-shaped microtexture is an asymmetric arc-shaped groove structure. This microtexture appears as a long strip-shaped orthographic projection on the surface of the grinding rod, with a "connection between the upper short rectangular segment and the lower long rectangular segment". It extends along a specific direction, with no sharp edges on the contour edge, a smooth transition, and a uniform width throughout. There is a distinction between the "head" and the "tail" along the length direction. The head side is a gentle arc, while the tail side is a steep arc, forming an asymmetric cross-section of "gentle entry and steep exit". The overall shape is teardrop-shaped. The asymmetric arc structure allows the fluid to flow in one direction, forming a pressure gradient through the curvature difference of the flow channel. This not only enhances the adhesion of abrasive grains to the workpiece surface to improve cutting efficiency, but also smoothly guides the chips out with the help of the arc-shaped wall.

[0011] Specifically, when microtexture 3 is a bidirectional alternating teardrop microtexture, the bidirectional alternating teardrop microtexture is based on the unidirectional teardrop microtexture as the basic unit. In both the tooth profile direction and the tooth direction of the grinding head tooth surface, the teardrop microtexture is arranged in an alternating orientation—that is, along the tooth profile direction, the orientations of adjacent teardrops are opposite; along the tooth direction, the orientations of adjacent teardrops are also opposite. Each unidirectional teardrop-shaped microtexture is an asymmetric arc-shaped groove structure. This microtexture appears as a long strip-shaped orthographic projection on the surface of the grinding rod, with a "connection between the upper short rectangular segment and the lower long rectangular segment". It extends along a specific direction, with no sharp edges on the contour edge, a smooth transition, and a uniform width throughout. There is a distinction between the "head" and the "tail" along the length direction. The head side is a gentle arc, while the tail side is a steep arc, forming an asymmetric cross-section of "gentle entry and steep exit". The overall shape is teardrop-shaped. The asymmetric arc structure allows the fluid to flow in one direction, forming a pressure gradient through the curvature difference of the flow channel. This not only enhances the adhesion of abrasive grains to the workpiece surface to improve cutting efficiency, but also smoothly guides the chips out with the help of the arc-shaped wall.

[0012] Specifically, the first preset interval is 0.3mm~0.5mm; the second preset interval is 1mm.

[0013] In summary, this invention provides a high-efficiency internal spline grinding rod microtexture, which has the following advantages: The special geometry of the microtexture creates a pressure gradient, generating a pumping effect; the expansion of the inlet channel reduces flow velocity and increases pressure, while the contraction of the outlet channel increases flow velocity and decreases pressure. Local vortices extend the residence time of abrasive particles, and the directional structure guides fluid diffusion. The relative motion between the grinding rod and the workpiece generates a hydrodynamic pressure effect. Simultaneously, the grinding fluid is stored to prevent extrusion, and continuous supply and removal of chips are achieved through circulation and renewal. This increases the participation of the grinding fluid and the grinding pressure, reduces the amount of grinding fluid used, and improves grinding efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 An overall view of the ellipsoidal microtextured grinding rod provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 A dimension diagram of a single ellipsoidal microtexture provided for an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram illustrating the scouring principle of a single ellipsoidal microtexture provided in this application embodiment; Figure 4 An overall view of the crystal trench microtextured polishing rod provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 5 A dimension diagram of a single crystal trench-type microtexture provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 A schematic diagram illustrating the scouring principle of a single crystal trench-type microtexture provided in this application embodiment; Figure 7 This is an overall view of the bowl-shaped microtextured grinding rod provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 A dimension diagram of a single bowl-shaped microtexture provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 9 A schematic diagram illustrating the scouring principle of a single bowl-shaped microtexture provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 10 An overall view of the unidirectional teardrop-shaped microtextured abrasive rod provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 11 A dimension diagram of a single unidirectional teardrop-shaped microtexture provided for an embodiment of this application; Figure 12a A schematic diagram illustrating the scouring principle of a single teardrop-shaped microtexture provided in this application embodiment; Figure 12b Another schematic diagram of a single teardrop-shaped microtexture scouring principle provided in this application embodiment; Figure 13 An overall view of the alternating direction teardrop-shaped microtextured grinding rod provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 14 This is a diagram of an alternating direction teardrop-shaped microtexture structure provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 15 An overall view of the bidirectional alternating teardrop-shaped microtextured abrasive rod provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 16 A diagram of a bidirectional alternating teardrop-shaped microtexture structure provided in an embodiment of this application; In the figure: 1. Grinding rod shank; 2. Grinding head; 3. Microtexture. Detailed Implementation

[0015] This invention provides a high-efficiency internal spline grinding rod microtexture. When moving up and down in a viscous liquid, the fluid near the grinding surface is mainly driven by shear force and pressure gradient, resulting in a high fluid velocity near the grinding surface, and the direction of movement is perpendicular to the grinding direction. At this time, the fluid inertial force and viscous force work together to form a "pumping effect". After the polishing slurry enters the microstructure region, the increased cross-sectional area of ​​the flow channel at the inlet leads to a decrease in flow velocity and an increase in pressure, while the decreased cross-sectional area at the outlet leads to an increase in flow velocity and a decrease in pressure. This pressure gradient constitutes the core driving force of the hydrodynamic effect. Micro-pits or grooves form local vortices in the shear flow, and directional structures such as grooves guide the fluid to diffuse in a specific direction through the anisotropy of droplet wetting. This results in a net pressurization of the fluid. This allows for the control of abrasive behavior, interfacial lubrication, and thermal management, thereby achieving a balance between "efficient material removal" and "precise surface quality control."

[0016] Furthermore, when the grinding rod and the workpiece move relative to each other, the presence of microtexture can act as a hydrodynamic bearing, generating a hydrodynamic effect and producing hydrodynamic pressure between the contact surfaces, which helps to improve the grinding efficiency during grinding.

[0017] Furthermore, the microtexture can also store grinding fluid, preventing it from being squeezed out under load. During the grinding process, it can continuously supply grinding fluid to the mating surfaces and maintain fluid circulation and renewal, carrying away chips and improving grinding efficiency.

[0018] Example 1 like Figures 1-3 As shown, the present invention provides a high-efficiency internal spline grinding rod microtexture, comprising a grinding rod shank 1, a grinding head 2, and a microtexture 3, wherein: The grinding rod shank 1 is a rod-shaped structure. A grinding head 2 is provided at one end of the grinding rod shank 1. Both tooth surfaces of the grinding head 2 are provided with microtextures 3 arranged in the same way. On one side of the tooth surface, the microtextures 3 are arranged in an array at a spacing of 0.3 mm along the tooth shape direction and at a spacing of 1 mm along the tooth direction.

[0019] Specifically, microtexture 3 is an ellipsoidal microtexture with a symmetrical ellipsoidal pit structure. The overall structure is a smooth-transitioning ellipsoid with local "indentations" on the surface of the grinding head to form pits.

[0020] Specifically, the major axis of the microtexture 3 is 0.4 mm, the minor axis is 0.15 mm, and the pit depth is 0.075 mm. The curvature of the pit surface in all directions is continuous and symmetrical, with no obvious sharp edges, and the fluid forms a stable circulating flow field along the ellipsoidal surface. It should be noted that this invention provides a high-efficiency internal spline grinding rod microtexture. Because this structure is symmetrical, the principle is explained only in the unidirectional state of the grinding rod moving to the left. When the grinding fluid flows through, the right side draws in liquid due to the expansion of the gap, while the left side discharges liquid due to the contraction of the gap. The central area with the largest gap forms a local vortex due to the speed difference between the grinding rod and the workpiece. This flow process makes the grinding fluid present a circulation pattern of "drawing in from the right side → mixing in the central vortex → discharging from the left side". This not only prolongs the residence time of the abrasive grains and enhances the cutting activity through the vortex, but also efficiently removes chips and dissipates heat through directional flow. At the same time, the arc-shaped wall guides the formation of a stable lubricating film, which synergistically improves the utilization rate of abrasive grains, machining accuracy and interface lubrication performance. The minimalist symmetrical design achieves multi-dimensional optimization of the grinding process.

[0021] Example 2 like Figures 4-6 As shown, the present invention provides a high-efficiency internal spline grinding rod microtexture, comprising a grinding rod shank 1, a grinding head 2, and a microtexture 3, wherein: The grinding rod shank 1 is a rod-shaped structure. A grinding head 2 is provided at one end of the grinding rod shank 1. Both tooth surfaces of the grinding head 2 are provided with microtextures 3 arranged in the same way. On one side of the tooth surface, the microtextures 3 are arranged in an array at a spacing of 0.5 mm along the tooth shape direction and at a spacing of 1 mm along the tooth direction.

[0022] Specifically, microtexture 3 is a crystal groove type microtexture. The crystal groove type microtexture is a groove structure formed by the "indentation" of triangular double pyramids on the surface of the grinding head. Its structure is composed of two triangular pyramids with a common base symmetrically combined. The overall microtexture presents a shape with a sharp edge at the bottom and inclined walls on both sides. The inclined side walls can guide the flow of grinding fluid, and shear eddies are easily generated near the central edge, thereby enhancing the uniformity of abrasive grain distribution and chip removal efficiency.

[0023] Specifically, the triangular pyramid structure of microtexture 3 is an isosceles triangle with a height of 0.2 mm and a base of 0.3 mm in length and 0.2 mm in width.

[0024] Because this structure is symmetrical, the principle is explained only when the grinding rod moves to the left. When the grinding fluid flows through, the liquid is drawn in on the front side due to the expansion of the V-groove gap. It is then split into two streams along the left and right inclined surfaces due to the obstruction of the middle edge. Shear vortices are generated near the edge due to the velocity gradient and the flow around the edge. The liquid is discharged on the back side as the gap contracts, presenting a flow pattern of "right side intake and splitting → inter-edge vortex mixing → left side discharge and merging". In this process, the splitting effect of the edge enhances the uniform distribution of abrasive grains, the vortex prolongs the residence time of abrasive grains and enhances cutting activity, and the expansion and compression mechanism of the V-groove works together to achieve efficient chip discharge and grinding heat removal. At the same time, the edge and inclined surfaces jointly guide the formation of a stable lubricating film. This breaks through the flow limitations of traditional planar grinding in terms of abrasive grain utilization, interface heat dissipation and machining accuracy, and achieves multi-dimensional improvement in grinding efficiency through structural design.

[0025] Example 3 like Figures 7-9 As shown, the present invention provides a high-efficiency internal spline grinding rod microtexture, comprising a grinding rod shank 1, a grinding head 2, and a microtexture 3, wherein: The grinding rod shank 1 is a rod-shaped structure. A grinding head 2 is provided at one end of the grinding rod shank 1. Both tooth surfaces of the grinding head 2 are provided with microtextures 3 arranged in the same way. On one side of the tooth surface, the microtextures 3 are arranged in an array at a spacing of 0.5 mm along the tooth shape direction and at a spacing of 1 mm along the tooth direction.

[0026] Specifically, microtexture 3 is a bowl-groove type microtexture, which is a long strip-shaped groove structure on the surface of the grinding rod. In the front view, this microtexture appears as a long strip-shaped orthographic projection on the surface of the grinding rod, with "rounded transitions at the top and bottom and a rectangular section in the middle." From the side sectional view, the groove has the shape of "arc-shaped inlets on both sides and a gently sloping inner cavity in the middle." The overall shape is similar to the inner cavity of a bowl. The arc-shaped inlets can guide the grinding fluid to flow smoothly, and the inner cavity space can create local eddies in the fluid to prolong the residence time of the abrasive particles. Furthermore, the pressure gradient generated by the change in the flow channel size can also promote the circulation and renewal of the grinding fluid and the efficient removal of chips.

[0027] Specifically, the groove of microtexture 3 has a length of 0.74 mm and a width of 0.2 mm.

[0028] Because this structure is symmetrical, the principle will only be explained in the unidirectional state of the grinding rod moving to the left. When the grinding rod moves to the left, the right arc-shaped inlet draws in the grinding fluid due to the sudden expansion of the gap. The fluid diffuses along the arc-shaped wall towards the center of the pit. Upon entering the narrow throat section, the gap narrows, causing the flow velocity to increase sharply. This velocity difference, combined with the fast flow dragged on the surface of the grinding rod and the slow flow on the surface of the workpiece, generates local eddies, enhancing abrasive mixing and prolonging the residence time of the abrasive particles in the pit. At the left arc-shaped outlet, the gap gradually narrows, and the high pressure pushes the fluid out and into the mainstream. During this process, the eddies enhance the cutting activity of the abrasive particles, the directional flow efficiently removes chips and grinding heat, and the arc-shaped wall stabilizes the lubricating fluid film, thus improving abrasive particle utilization, machining accuracy, and interface damage protection. Example 4 like Figures 10-12a , Figure 12b As shown, the present invention provides a high-efficiency internal spline grinding rod microtexture, comprising a grinding rod shank 1, a grinding head 2, and a microtexture 3, wherein: The grinding rod shank 1 is a rod-shaped structure. A grinding head 2 is provided at one end of the grinding rod shank 1. Both tooth surfaces of the grinding head 2 are provided with microtextures 3 arranged in the same way. On one side of the tooth surface, the microtextures 3 are arranged in an array at a spacing of 0.5 mm along the tooth shape direction and at a spacing of 1 mm along the tooth direction.

[0029] Specifically, microtexture 3 is a unidirectional teardrop-shaped microtexture. This unidirectional teardrop-shaped microtexture is an asymmetric arc-shaped groove structure. In the front view, this microtexture appears as a long strip-shaped orthographic projection on the surface of the grinding rod, with a "connection between the upper short rectangular segment and the lower long rectangular segment." It extends along a specific direction, with smooth transitions and no sharp edges, maintaining a uniform width throughout. However, there is a distinction between the "head" and "tail" along its length, resulting in a significant curvature difference: the head side is a gentle arc, while the tail side is a steep arc, forming an asymmetric cross-section of "gentle in, steep out," suitable for scenarios where the fluid inflow frequency is uneven on both sides. The overall shape resembles a teardrop. The asymmetric arc structure allows the fluid to flow in a single direction, creating a pressure gradient through the curvature difference in the flow channel. This enhances the adhesion of abrasive particles to the workpiece surface to improve cutting efficiency, while also smoothly guiding chip removal through the arc-shaped wall.

[0030] Specifically, in the front view, the microtexture 3 is projected as a long strip on the surface of the grinding rod, with a groove length of 0.5 mm and a width of 0.2 mm; from the side sectional view, it can be seen that the groove is composed of two arcs with different radii of 0.14 mm and 0.7 mm at both ends.

[0031] When the polishing fluid flows to the left along the polishing direction, it enters from the right side of the microtexture, flows through the concave chamber, and exits from the left side. Its characteristics are as follows: Geometrically, the concave microtexture exhibits a significant difference in the radius of curvature on both sides, forming an asymmetrical profile of "gentle in, steep out." From a fluid dynamics perspective, the curvature difference creates an asymmetrical contraction and expansion effect in the flow channel, regulating fluid pressure and velocity distribution. The gentler side facilitates stable fluid inflow, while the steeper side promotes concentrated fluid outflow, enhancing the grinding fluid retention capacity, optimizing abrasive grain transport, and improving interfacial lubrication and grinding efficiency through hydrodynamic pressure. Compared to symmetrical structures, it is more directional, strengthening the fluid dynamics performance in specific grinding directions.

[0032] When the polishing rod moves to the right, the polishing fluid flows in from the left side of the microtexture, enters the concave chamber, and flows out from the right side. Its characteristics are as follows: When the grinding rod moves to the right, the grinding fluid flow channel changes from "slow in, steep out" to "steep in, slow out." Due to the abrupt change in the channel cross-section, the flow velocity drops sharply and the pressure surges, forming a high-pressure zone. This allows the abrasive grains to be pressed more tightly against the workpiece, improving material removal efficiency. Conversely, when flowing out through the flatter side with a larger radius of curvature on the right, the channel gradually contracts, resulting in low flow resistance and smooth discharge of grinding debris, preventing accumulation and scratching of the workpiece. This simultaneously improves the abrasive grain utilization rate, chip removal efficiency, and lubrication and cutting stability at the grinding interface. This differs significantly from the leftward movement in terms of abrasive grain pressure and the circulation time of the abrasive grains within the microtexture during the grinding process.

[0033] Example 5 like Figures 13-14 As shown, the present invention provides a high-efficiency internal spline grinding rod microtexture, comprising a grinding rod shank 1, a grinding head 2, and a microtexture 3, wherein: The grinding rod shank 1 is a rod-shaped structure. A grinding head 2 is provided at one end of the grinding rod shank 1. Both tooth surfaces of the grinding head 2 are provided with microtextures 3 arranged in the same way. On one side of the tooth surface, the microtextures 3 are arranged in an array at a spacing of 0.5 mm along the tooth shape direction and at a spacing of 1 mm along the tooth direction.

[0034] Specifically, microtexture 3 is an alternating direction teardrop-shaped microtexture, which is composed of alternating forward and reverse arrangements of unidirectional teardrop-shaped microtextures along the tooth direction of the grinding rod. The orientations of two adjacent unidirectional teardrop-shaped microtextures are opposite. Each unidirectional teardrop-shaped microtexture is an asymmetrical arc-shaped groove structure. In the front view, the microtexture is a long strip-shaped orthographic projection with "upper short rectangular segment and lower long rectangular segment connecting" on the surface of the grinding rod. The whole extends along a specific direction, with no sharp edges on the contour edge, smooth transition, and uniform width throughout. However, there is a distinction between the "head" and "tail" along the length direction. Its structure has a significant curvature difference: the head side is a gentle arc, and the tail side is a steep arc, forming an asymmetrical cross section of "gentle in and steep out", which is suitable for scenarios where the liquid inlet frequency is uneven on both sides. The overall shape resembles a teardrop. The asymmetrical arc structure allows the fluid to flow in one direction and form a pressure gradient through the curvature difference of the flow channel. This not only enhances the adhesion of abrasive grains to the workpiece surface to improve cutting efficiency, but also smoothly guides the chips out with the help of the arc-shaped wall.

[0035] It should be noted that the shape and size of a single teardrop crater are exactly the same as the "unidirectional teardrop type", but the orientation of adjacent teardrop craters is opposite.

[0036] For example, one teardrop is positioned with its tail pointing to the left, while the adjacent teardrop is positioned with its tail pointing to the right, thus balancing the hydrodynamics and grinding requirements when the grinding rod moves in both directions.

[0037] Example 6 like Figures 15-16 As shown, the present invention provides a high-efficiency internal spline grinding rod microtexture, comprising a grinding rod shank 1, a grinding head 2, and a microtexture 3, wherein: The grinding rod shank 1 is a rod-shaped structure. A grinding head 2 is provided at one end of the grinding rod shank 1. Both tooth surfaces of the grinding head 2 are provided with microtextures 3 arranged in the same way. On one side of the tooth surface, the microtextures 3 are arranged in an array at a spacing of 0.5 mm along the tooth shape direction and at a spacing of 1 mm along the tooth direction.

[0038] Specifically, microtexture 3 is a bidirectional alternating teardrop microtexture. The bidirectional alternating teardrop microtexture is based on the unidirectional teardrop microtexture. In both the tooth profile direction and the tooth direction of the grinding head, the teardrop microtexture is arranged in an alternating orientation. That is, along the tooth profile direction, the adjacent teardrops are opposite in orientation; along the tooth direction, the adjacent teardrops are also opposite in orientation. Each unidirectional teardrop microtexture is an asymmetrical arc-shaped groove structure. In the front view, the microtexture is a long strip-shaped orthographic projection with "upper short rectangular segment and lower long rectangular segment connecting" in the grinding rod surface. The whole extends along a specific direction, with no sharp edges on the contour edge, smooth transition, and uniform width throughout. However, there is a distinction between the "head" and "tail" along the length direction. Its structure has a significant curvature difference: the head side is a gentle arc, and the tail side is a steep arc, forming an asymmetrical cross section of "gentle in and steep out", which is suitable for scenarios where the liquid inlet frequency is uneven on both sides. The overall shape resembles a teardrop. The asymmetrical arc structure allows the fluid to flow in one direction and form a pressure gradient through the curvature difference of the flow channel. This not only enhances the adhesion of abrasive grains to the workpiece surface to improve cutting efficiency, but also smoothly guides the chips out with the help of the arc-shaped wall.

[0039] It should be noted that this bidirectional alternating design retains the characteristics of unidirectional teardrop-shaped microtexture in regulating fluid pressure and abrasive distribution through asymmetric contours, while also adapting to the multidirectional motion requirements during the grinding process, reducing blind spots and improving overall grinding uniformity.

[0040] Based on the description of the unidirectional teardrop microtexture principle, different directions of abrasive fluid entry into the microtexture during the grinding process produce different effects. The use of alternating directional teardrop microtexture and bidirectional alternating teardrop microtexture not only leverages the advantages of unidirectional microtexture during grinding but also ensures processing uniformity. Furthermore, as the grinding rod moves in the same direction, it simultaneously enhances abrasive pressure and retention capacity, resulting in greater grinding advantages and a comprehensive improvement in efficiency, precision, stability, and versatility.

[0041] In summary, this invention provides a high-efficiency internal spline grinding rod microtexture, which has the following advantages: The special geometry of the microtexture creates a pressure gradient, generating a pumping effect; the expansion of the inlet channel reduces flow velocity and increases pressure, while the contraction of the outlet channel increases flow velocity and decreases pressure. Local vortices extend the residence time of abrasive particles, and the directional structure guides fluid diffusion. The relative motion between the grinding rod and the workpiece generates a hydrodynamic pressure effect. Simultaneously, the grinding fluid is stored to prevent extrusion, and continuous supply and removal of chips are achieved through circulation and renewal. This increases the participation of the grinding fluid and the grinding pressure, reduces the amount of grinding fluid used, and improves grinding efficiency.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency internal spline grinding rod microtexture, characterized in that, Includes a grinding rod shank (1), a grinding head (2), and a microtexture (3), wherein: The grinding rod shank (1) is a rod-shaped structure. A grinding head (2) is provided at one end of the grinding rod shank (1). Both tooth surfaces of the grinding head (2) are provided with microtextures (3) arranged in the same way. On one side of the tooth surface, the microtextures (3) are arranged in an array at a first preset interval along the tooth shape direction and at a second preset interval along the tooth direction. The shape of the microtextures (3) is an ellipsoidal microtexture. When the microtextures (3) are ellipsoidal microtextures, the structure is a symmetrical ellipsoidal pit structure, and the whole is a smoothly transitioned ellipsoid with local "indentation". The pits formed on the surface of the grinding head; the major axis of the microtexture (3) is 0.4 mm, the minor axis is 0.15 mm, and the pit depth is 0.075 mm; the curvature of the surface of the pit in each direction is continuous and symmetrical, without obvious sharp corners, and the fluid forms a stable circulating flow field along the ellipsoidal surface; the major axis of the microtexture (3) is in the same direction as the grinding direction, and the pressure gradient is formed through the geometric structure of the microtexture to generate a pumping effect. The expansion of the inlet channel of the microtexture reduces the flow velocity and increases the pressure, and the contraction of the outlet channel increases the flow velocity and decreases the pressure.

2. The high-efficiency internal spline grinding rod microtexture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shape of the microtexture (3) is a crystal groove type microtexture. When the microtexture (3) is a crystal groove type microtexture, the crystal groove type microtexture is a groove structure formed by a triangular double pyramid "indented" on the surface of the grinding head. Its structure is composed of two triangular pyramids with a common base. The microtexture as a whole presents a shape with a sharp edge at the bottom and inclined walls on both sides. The inclined side walls can guide the flow of grinding fluid, and shear vortices are generated near the central edge, thereby enhancing the uniformity of abrasive distribution and chip removal efficiency. The triangular pyramid structure of the microtexture (3) is an isosceles triangle with a height of 0.2 mm, a base length of 0.3 mm, and a width of 0.2 mm. The length direction of the base of the microtexture (3) is the same as the grinding direction.

3. The high-efficiency internal spline grinding rod microtexture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shape of the microtexture (3) is a bowl-groove microtexture. When the microtexture (3) is a bowl-groove microtexture, the bowl-groove microtexture is a long strip groove structure on the surface of the grinding rod. The microtexture is a long strip orthographic projection with "rounded transition at the top and bottom and a rectangular section in the middle" on the surface of the grinding rod. The groove has the shape of "arc-shaped entrances on both sides and a gentle inner cavity in the middle". The overall shape is a bowl-shaped inner cavity. The arc-shaped inlet guides the smooth flow of the grinding fluid. The inner cavity space causes the fluid to form a local vortex to prolong the residence time of the abrasive particles. In addition, the pressure gradient generated by the change of the flow channel size also promotes the circulation and renewal of the grinding fluid and the efficient discharge of chips. The groove length of the microtexture (3) is 0.74 mm and the width is 0.2 mm; the length direction of the groove of the microtexture (3) is the same as the grinding direction.

4. The high-efficiency internal spline grinding rod microtexture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shape of the microtexture (3) is a unidirectional teardrop microtexture. When the microtexture (3) is a unidirectional teardrop microtexture, the unidirectional teardrop microtexture is an asymmetric arc groove structure. The microtexture is a long strip orthographic projection with "upper short rectangular segment and lower long rectangular segment connected" in the surface of the grinding rod. The whole extends along the length direction, the outline edge has no sharp corners, the transition is smooth, and the width is uniform throughout the whole process. However, there is a distinction between "head" and "tail" along the length direction. The head side is a gentle arc, and the tail side is a steep arc, forming an asymmetric cross section of "gentle entry and steep exit". The overall shape is teardrop. The asymmetric arc structure makes the fluid flow in a single direction and form a pressure gradient through the curvature difference of the flow channel. This not only strengthens the adhesion of the abrasive grains to the workpiece surface to improve the cutting efficiency, but also guides the chips out smoothly with the help of the arc wall. The length direction of the microtexture (3) is the same as the grinding direction.

5. The high-efficiency internal spline grinding rod microtexture according to claim 4, characterized in that, The microtexture (3) is a long strip orthographic projection on the surface of the grinding rod. The groove is 0.5 mm long and 0.2 mm wide. The groove is composed of two different arcs with radii of 0.14 mm and 0.7 mm.

6. The high-efficiency internal spline grinding rod microtexture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shape of the microtexture (3) is an alternating direction teardrop microtexture. When the microtexture (3) is an alternating direction teardrop microtexture, it is composed of alternating positive and negative unidirectional teardrop microtextures along the direction of the grinding rod teeth; the orientations of two adjacent unidirectional teardrop microtextures are opposite. Each unidirectional teardrop-shaped microtexture is an asymmetric arc-shaped groove structure. The microtexture is a long strip-shaped orthographic projection with "upper short rectangular segment and lower long rectangular segment connecting" in the surface of the grinding rod. It extends along the length direction, with no sharp edges on the contour edge, smooth transition, and uniform width throughout. There is a distinction between "head" and "tail" along the length direction. The head side is a gentle arc, and the tail side is a steep arc, forming an asymmetric cross section with "gentle entry and steep exit". The overall shape is teardrop-shaped. The asymmetric arc structure allows the fluid to form a pressure gradient through the curvature difference of the flow channel when flowing in a single direction. This not only strengthens the adhesion of abrasive grains to the workpiece surface to improve cutting efficiency, but also smoothly guides the chips out with the help of the arc wall. The length direction of the microtexture (3) is the same as the grinding direction.

7. The high-efficiency internal spline grinding rod microtexture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shape of the microtexture (3) is a bidirectional alternating teardrop microtexture. When the microtexture (3) is a bidirectional alternating teardrop microtexture, the bidirectional alternating teardrop microtexture is based on the unidirectional teardrop microtexture as the basic unit. In both the tooth profile direction and the tooth direction of the grinding head tooth surface, the teardrop microtexture is arranged in an alternating orientation. That is, along the tooth profile direction, the orientations of adjacent teardrops are opposite; along the tooth direction, the orientations of adjacent teardrops are also opposite. Each unidirectional teardrop-shaped microtexture is an asymmetric arc-shaped groove structure. The microtexture is a long strip-shaped orthographic projection with "upper short rectangular segment and lower long rectangular segment connecting" in the surface of the grinding rod. It extends along the length direction, with no sharp edges on the contour edge, smooth transition, and uniform width throughout. There is a distinction between "head" and "tail" along the length direction. The head side is a gentle arc, and the tail side is a steep arc, forming an asymmetric cross section with "gentle entry and steep exit". The overall shape is teardrop-shaped. The asymmetric arc structure allows the fluid to form a pressure gradient through the curvature difference of the flow channel when flowing in a single direction. This not only strengthens the adhesion of abrasive grains to the workpiece surface to improve cutting efficiency, but also smoothly guides the chips out with the help of the arc wall. The length direction of the microtexture (3) is the same as the grinding direction.

8. The high-efficiency internal spline grinding rod microtexture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first preset interval is 0.3mm~0.5mm; the second preset interval is 1mm.

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