A slope protection for water conservancy and flood control

Abstract

The application provides a slope protection for water conservancy and flood control, and relates to the technical field of water conservancy projects. The slope protection for water conservancy and flood control comprises a slope protection base body, a first protection layer, a second impermeable layer and a third impermeable layer which are sequentially stacked and laid on the surface of the slope protection base body from top to bottom, the hardness of the first protection layer is greater than the hardness of the second impermeable layer and the third impermeable layer, the impermeability of the first protection layer, the second impermeable layer and the third impermeable layer increases in turn, and the second impermeable layer comprises a bentonite waterproof blanket layer. By laying three layers of structures on the slope protection base body, the outer rigid protection and the inner flexible impermeable layer are physically separated, direct contact and impact of the outer hard material on the inner core soft impermeable membrane are avoided, and the risk of tearing, scratching or weld cracking of the impermeable membrane is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water conservancy engineering technology, and more specifically, to a slope protection system for flood control. Background Technology

[0002] In water conservancy projects, flood protection slopes are the core structure for resisting flood impacts and preventing slope seepage and instability. Their performance directly determines the flood control safety and long-term service life of water conservancy facilities such as dams and reservoirs.

[0003] Currently, most mainstream flood control slope protection systems adopt a composite design of "outer rigid protection + inner flexible seepage prevention." The outer layer uses rigid materials such as C30 reinforced concrete slabs and masonry to resist flood impact, while the inner layer is laid with flexible materials such as HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) geomembrane or composite geomembrane to enhance seepage prevention. However, this type of structure has significant differences in hardness between layers. When subjected to flood flow, the outer rigid material will directly transfer the impact stress to the inner flexible membrane, which can easily lead to tearing, scratches, or weld cracking of the flexible geomembrane, ultimately causing seepage prevention failure and exacerbating the risk of slope instability due to seepage. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The problem addressed by this invention is how to reduce the risk of damage to the core impermeable layer.

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a slope protection system for flood control and water conservancy. The system comprises a slope protection base and a first protective layer, a second impermeable layer, and a third impermeable layer, which are sequentially layered on the surface of the slope protection base from top to bottom. The hardness of the first protective layer is greater than that of the second and third impermeable layers. The impermeability of the first, second, and third impermeable layers increases sequentially. The second impermeable layer includes a bentonite waterproofing blanket layer.

[0006] Optionally, the first protective layer comprises a concrete slab, and the third impermeable layer comprises an HDPE geomembrane; And / or, the inner and / or outer surfaces of the third impermeable layer are provided with a geotextile layer, and the geotextile layer and the third impermeable layer are combined into an integral structure.

[0007] Optionally, it also includes a support layer laid between the slope protection substrate and the third impermeable layer. The support layer includes a grid-shaped support body and granular filler filling the grid of the support body. The granular filler has a smooth surface, and the grid walls of the support body are provided with holes.

[0008] Optionally, the bottom of the support body is provided with an anchoring structure, the main body of the anchoring structure is embedded in the slope protection substrate, and one end is connected to the support body.

[0009] Optionally, the anchoring structure includes a main reinforcement bar, multiple branch reinforcement bars, and multiple connecting reinforcement bars; one end of each branch reinforcement bar is connected to one end of the main reinforcement bar, the multiple branch reinforcement bars are spaced apart circumferentially along the main reinforcement bar, and the two ends of each connecting reinforcement bar are respectively connected to two adjacent branch reinforcement bars, so that the branch reinforcement bars radiate outward relative to the main reinforcement bar.

[0010] Optionally, an anchor head is provided at the other end of the branch bar. The anchor head includes an anchor plate, one side of which is rotatably connected to the branch bar, and multiple anchor rods are densely arranged on the other side of the plate.

[0011] Optionally, one end of each branch bar is rotatably connected to one end of the main bar, so that the angle at which the branch bar opens relative to the main bar is adjustable; And / or, the branch reinforcement is a retractable structure; And / or, the branch reinforcement is provided with a fixed seat that can move along the axial direction, the fixed seat is fixedly connected to the branch reinforcement by bolts, and the two ends of the connecting reinforcement are respectively connected to the fixed seats of two adjacent branch reinforcements; And / or, the connecting rib is a retractable structure; Optionally, the support body is assembled from multiple support units, and an anchoring structure is provided at the splicing corner of each support unit. One end of the anchoring structure is provided with multiple connecting wing plates, and the multiple connecting wing plates are respectively connected to each support unit at the corresponding splicing corner.

[0012] Optionally, the main reinforcement includes a reinforcement body, one end of which is connected to an end cap plate. The end cap plate is connected to a plurality of branch reinforcements. The side of the reinforcement body is provided with a spiral protrusion structure. The end face of the end cap plate away from the reinforcement body is provided with a connecting plate. The edge of the connecting plate protrudes outward to form the connecting wing plate.

[0013] Optionally, a buffer layer is provided between the first protective layer and the second impermeable layer, the buffer layer being made of rubber-modified asphalt material.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the slope protection for flood control in this invention are: The outer layer, or first protective layer, is made of high-strength material with the highest hardness. It mainly serves to resist the impact of water flow and protect the inner structure, while also providing a certain degree of seepage prevention. The inner layer, or third waterproof layer, is made of highly impermeable material with the best seepage prevention performance, forming the final seepage barrier. The middle layer, or second waterproof layer, can also be made of highly impermeable material. It is located between the inner and outer layers as a transition layer, physically isolating the first and third protective layers. It directly contacts the first protective layer to withstand damage, effectively preventing the hard structure of the first protective layer from damaging the third waterproof layer, thus ensuring the stability of the core seepage prevention performance.

[0015] Moreover, the seepage prevention performance of the first protective layer, the second impermeable layer, and the third impermeable layer increases sequentially, resulting in a gradual improvement in the seepage prevention performance of the three-layer structure on the slope protection substrate from the outside to the inside. The permeability coefficient decreases layer by layer, significantly enhancing the seepage prevention effect. When water flows onto the slope surface, the first protective layer initially bears the impact force. Its high-strength structure disperses the kinetic energy of the water flow and, by blocking some seepage, initially prevents water from penetrating inward. The second impermeable layer, as a transition layer, buffers the impact energy between the outer and inner layers, preventing damage to the inner layer. Furthermore, it further blocks water from penetrating inward using its own seepage prevention performance, significantly slowing down the seepage velocity. The third impermeable layer forms the ultimate barrier against seepage, forcing most of the seepage water molecules to stagnate due to its ultra-low permeability. During this process, the potential energy of the seepage water decreases sharply with the stepwise drop in the permeability coefficient of the three layers, ultimately being completely blocked, achieving a three-stage seepage prevention mechanism of "impact dispersion, velocity attenuation, and final cut-off."

[0016] In addition, the second impermeable layer in the middle is made of bentonite waterproof blanket that expands when exposed to water. It can play a dual protective role by relying on the characteristics of its core material. While it has good impermeability, the bentonite particles inside can expand rapidly when exposed to water and form a dense, impermeable colloidal impermeable layer. Even if there is a small damage to the outer protection or the inner impermeable membrane, the expanded bentonite can quickly fill the damaged gaps, achieving local "self-healing" of itself and the two adjacent layers, further enhancing the overall impermeability effect.

[0017] In summary, by laying a three-layer structure on the slope protection substrate, the outer layer and the inner core geomembrane are physically separated, avoiding direct contact and impact of the outer hard material on the inner soft geomembrane, reducing the risk of tearing, scratching or weld cracking. At the same time, the three-layer structure works together to prevent seepage, resulting in better seepage prevention effect. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of a slope protection structure for flood control in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the support unit for a slope protection structure used in water conservancy and flood control according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3This is a cross-sectional view of a slope protection structure for flood control in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the anchoring structure of a slope protection structure for flood control in water conservancy, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the anchoring structure for the slope protection used in water conservancy and flood control according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the splicing of the support unit for the slope protection used in water conservancy and flood control according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. First protective layer; 2. Second seepage-proof layer; 3. Third seepage-proof layer; 4. Slope protection base; 5. Support layer; 51. Support body; 501. Support unit; 52. Granular filler; 53. Hole; 6. Anchoring structure; 61. Main reinforcement; 611. Reinforcement body; 612. End cap plate; 613. Protruding structure; 614. Connecting plate; 62. Branch reinforcement; 621. Fixing seat; 63. Connecting reinforcement; 64. Connecting wing plate; 7. Anchor head; 71. Anchor plate; 72. Anchor rod; 8. Buffer layer. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although some embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of the present invention. It should be understood that the accompanying drawings and embodiments of the present invention are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] The term "comprising" and its variations as used herein are open-ended, meaning "including but not limited to"; the term "based on" means "at least partially based on"; the term "one embodiment" means "at least one embodiment"; the term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment"; the term "some embodiments" means "at least some embodiments"; and the term "optionally" means "optional embodiments". Definitions of other terms will be given in the following description. It should be noted that the concepts of "first," "second," etc., mentioned in this invention are used only to distinguish different devices, modules, or units, and are not intended to limit the order of functions performed by these devices, modules, or units or their interdependencies.

[0027] It should be noted that the terms "a" and "a plurality of" used in this invention are illustrative rather than restrictive. Those skilled in the art should understand that, unless explicitly stated otherwise in the context, they should be understood as "one or more". "Several" refers to one or more "one or more".

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a slope protection for flood control and water conservancy, including a slope protection base 4, and a first protective layer 1, a second impermeable layer 2, and a third impermeable layer 3 that are laid sequentially from top to bottom on the surface of the slope protection base 4. The hardness of the first protective layer 1 is greater than the hardness of the second impermeable layer 2 and the hardness of the third impermeable layer 3. The impermeability of the first protective layer 1, the second impermeable layer 2, and the third impermeable layer 3 increases sequentially. The second impermeable layer 2 includes a bentonite waterproof blanket layer.

[0029] In this embodiment, the outer layer, namely the first protective layer 1, is made of a high-strength material with the highest hardness. It mainly serves to resist the impact of water flow and protect the inner structure, while also providing a certain degree of seepage prevention. The inner layer, namely the third seepage prevention layer 3, is made of a highly impermeable material with the best seepage prevention performance, forming the final seepage barrier. The middle layer, namely the second seepage prevention layer 2, can also be made of a highly impermeable material. It is located between the inner and outer layers as a transition layer, physically isolating the first protective layer 1 and the third seepage prevention layer 3. It directly contacts the first protective layer 1 to withstand damage, effectively preventing the hard structure of the first protective layer 1 from damaging the third seepage prevention layer 3, and ensuring the stability of the core seepage prevention performance.

[0030] Moreover, the seepage prevention performance of the first protective layer 1, the second impermeable layer 2, and the third impermeable layer 3 increases sequentially, so that the seepage prevention performance of the three-layer structure on the slope protection base 4 gradually improves from the outside to the inside, the permeability coefficient decreases layer by layer, and the seepage prevention effect is significantly improved. When water flows impact the slope surface, the first protective layer 1 first bears the impact force. Its high-strength structure disperses the kinetic energy of the water flow, and at the same time, it blocks part of the seepage, initially preventing water from seeping inward. The second impermeable layer 2, as a transition layer, can buffer the impact energy between the outer and inner layers to prevent damage to the inner layer. On the other hand, it uses its own seepage prevention performance to further block water from seeping inward, significantly slowing down the seepage velocity. The third impermeable layer 3 forms the ultimate barrier against seepage, forcing most of the seepage water molecules to stagnate due to the ultra-low permeability. In this process, the potential energy of the seepage water drops sharply with the permeability coefficient of the three-layer structure, and is eventually completely blocked, realizing a three-stage seepage prevention mechanism of "impact dispersion, flow velocity attenuation, and final cut-off".

[0031] In addition, the second impermeable layer 2 in the middle is made of bentonite waterproof blanket that expands when exposed to water. It can play a dual protective role by relying on the characteristics of its core material. While it has good impermeability, the bentonite particles inside can expand rapidly when exposed to water and form a dense, impermeable colloidal impermeable layer. Even if there is a small damage to the outer protection or the inner impermeable membrane, the expanded bentonite can quickly fill the damaged gaps, achieving local "self-healing" of itself and the two adjacent layers, further enhancing the overall impermeability effect.

[0032] In summary, by laying a three-layer structure on the slope protection substrate 4, the outer layer and the inner core geomembrane are physically separated, avoiding direct contact and impact of the outer hard material on the inner soft geomembrane, reducing the risk of tearing, scratching or weld cracking. At the same time, the three-layer structure works together to prevent seepage, resulting in better seepage prevention effect.

[0033] Optionally, the first protective layer 1 includes a concrete slab, and the third impermeable layer 3 includes an HDPE geomembrane.

[0034] In this optional embodiment, the outermost first protective layer 1 is made of concrete slab, specifically reinforced concrete slab or asphalt concrete slab, which has high hardness and is easy to construct; the innermost third impermeable layer 3 can be made of ultra-low permeability materials such as HDPE geomembrane, which has excellent impermeability performance.

[0035] Optionally, a geotextile layer is provided on the inner and / or outer surfaces of the third impermeable layer 3, and the geotextile layer and the third impermeable layer 3 are combined into an integral structure.

[0036] In this optional embodiment, the third impermeable structural layer can adopt a composite structure with geotextile. The third impermeable layer 3 is the core impermeable layer, and the inner or outer geotextile is the reinforcing protective layer. The two can be composited through processes such as hot pressing and bonding, combining the high impermeability of the third impermeable layer 3 with the mechanical reinforcement and puncture resistance of the geotextile. Structurally, the core of the composite structure is the synergistic design of "impermeable membrane + geotextile". There are two common types: a single layer of geotextile composited on the inner or outer side of the third impermeable layer 3, and two layers of geotextile sandwiched on both sides of the third impermeable layer 3. The geotextile composited on the inner side of the third impermeable layer 3 can prevent the third impermeable layer 3 from directly contacting the soil of the slope protection substrate 4; the geotextile composited on the outer side of the third impermeable layer 3 can protect the third impermeable layer 3 from the outside together with the second impermeable layer 2.

[0037] It should be noted that in this invention, "inner" refers to the direction toward the center of the slope protection base 4, and "outer" refers to the direction away from the center of the slope protection base 4.

[0038] Optionally, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the slope protection for flood control also includes a support layer 5 laid between the slope protection base 4 and the third seepage prevention layer 3. The support layer 5 includes a grid-shaped support body 51 and granular filler 52 filled in the grid of the support body 51. The granular filler 52 has a smooth surface, and holes 53 are provided on the grid wall of the support body 51.

[0039] In this optional embodiment, by laying a support layer 5 on the surface of the slope protection base 4, direct contact between the third impermeable layer 3 and the soil of the slope protection base 4 can be avoided. This prevents sharp debris such as gravel and plant roots mixed in the base soil from scratching or puncturing the membrane material of the third impermeable layer 3, thus protecting it from the inside and further ensuring the seepage prevention effect. Furthermore, when uneven settlement occurs in the soil, the support layer 5 disperses deformation stress through its own rigidity, preventing local tearing of the third impermeable layer 3.

[0040] Specifically, the support layer 5 consists of a grid-like support body 51 and granular filler 52 filled within its grid structure. The granular filler 52 has a smooth surface, thus providing a stable support plane for the third impermeable layer 3 without any sharp edges. Furthermore, the holes 53 in the grid, combined with the gaps in the granular filler 52, form a full-plane drainage network for the slope protection base 4. After rainwater or groundwater seeps into the soil of the slope protection base 4, it flows down the slope along the slope through the gaps in the granular filler 52 and the holes 53 in the grid of the support body 51, achieving rapid drainage and effectively alleviating water pressure accumulation below the third impermeable layer 3, preventing bulging and damage to the membrane material of the third impermeable layer 3 due to water pressure. Additionally, when soil deformation occurs, the granular filler 52 can absorb some of the deformation energy, preventing localized stress concentration in the grid structure of the support body 51. The support body 51 can be as follows: Figure 2 The rectangular grid holes shown can also be hexagonal honeycomb grid holes.

[0041] Optionally, such as Figure 3 As shown, an anchoring structure 6 is provided at the bottom of the supporting body 51. The main body of the anchoring structure 6 is embedded in the slope protection base 4, and one end is connected to the supporting body 51.

[0042] In this optional embodiment, the main body of the anchoring structure 6 is embedded in the slope protection base 4, and one end of it is fixedly connected to the supporting body 51 to form a stable force connection, ensuring that the anchoring structure 6 can provide reliable fixing force for the supporting body 51 and prevent the supporting body 51 from shifting when impacted by water flow.

[0043] Specifically, the supporting structure 51 can be a grid-type concrete grating panel formed on-site, or a precast concrete grating block splicing structure. The anchoring structure 6 can be in the form of ground anchors, ground piles, etc., to adapt to different geological conditions.

[0044] Optionally, such as Figure 4 As shown, the anchoring structure 6 includes a main bar 61, multiple branch bars 62, and multiple connecting bars 63; one end of each branch bar 62 is connected to one end of the main bar 61, and the multiple branch bars 62 are spaced apart along the circumference of the main bar 61. The two ends of each connecting bar 63 are connected to two adjacent branch bars 62, so that the branch bars 62 radiate outward relative to the main bar 61.

[0045] In this optional embodiment, the anchoring structure 6 includes a main reinforcement 61, a plurality of branch reinforcements 62, and a plurality of connecting reinforcements 63; one end of each branch reinforcement 62 is connected to the same end of the main reinforcement 61, and the plurality of branch reinforcements 62 are distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the end of the main reinforcement 61, preferably at equal intervals; both ends of each connecting reinforcement 63 are fixedly connected to two adjacent branch reinforcements 62, forming a limiting support for the branch reinforcement 62, so that the branch reinforcement 62 radiates outward relative to the main reinforcement 61 and maintains a stable shape.

[0046] The radially spread design of multiple branch reinforcement bars 62 significantly increases the contact area and embedment depth between the anchoring structure 6 and the slope protection substrate 4. This allows the anchoring force to be evenly transmitted to the substrate through the multiple branch reinforcement bars 62, effectively improving the overall pull-out resistance and preventing the anchoring structure 6 from being pulled out due to water flow impact or slope settlement. Moreover, the radially distributed branch reinforcement bars 62 can also disperse the stress transmitted by the supporting body 51 to a larger area of ​​the slope protection substrate 4, reducing the risk of local stress concentration. The limiting support effect of the connecting reinforcement bars 63 on adjacent branch reinforcement bars 62 ensures that the branch reinforcement bars 62 maintain their radially spread shape during the embedding process and long-term service, preventing the branch reinforcement bars 62 from being compressed and closed or deformed, ensuring stable engagement between the anchoring structure 6 and the substrate, and maintaining the long-term reliability of the anchoring effect.

[0047] Optionally, such as Figure 4 As shown, the other end of the branch bar 62 is provided with an anchor head 7, which includes an anchor plate 71. One side of the anchor plate 71 is rotatably connected to the branch bar 62, and multiple anchor rods 72 are densely arranged on the other side of the plate.

[0048] In this optional embodiment, an anchor head 7 is provided at the other end of the branch bar 62 away from the main bar 61; the anchor head 7 includes a sheet-shaped anchor plate 71, one side of the anchor plate 71 is rotatably connected to the end of the branch bar 62 through a hinge shaft, and multiple anchor rods 72 are densely arranged on the other side of the plate.

[0049] The anchoring strength is further enhanced by setting the anchoring head 7. The sheet-like anchoring plate 71 can convert the tensile force transmitted by the branch reinforcement 62 into surface pressure on the base soil, increasing the contact area and enhancing the anchoring force. Furthermore, the anchoring plate 71 is rotatably connected to the branch reinforcement 62, facilitating its deployment and retraction, and allowing adjustment of the plate's orientation relative to the branch reinforcement 62, enabling flexible adjustments based on actual construction conditions. In addition, the anchoring plate 71, in conjunction with multiple anchor rods 72, further enhances the mechanical engagement with the base soil / rock layer, ensuring the long-term fixation of the support structure 51.

[0050] Specifically, the anchor rod 72 is arranged perpendicular to the surface of the anchor plate 71, and the diameter of the rod gradually decreases in the direction away from the branch reinforcement 62. The anchor rod 72 can be provided with barbs, threaded protrusions and other structures to increase pull-out resistance.

[0051] Optionally, one end of each branch bar 62 is rotatably connected to one end of the main bar 61, so that the angle at which the branch bar 62 opens relative to the main bar 61 is adjustable.

[0052] In this optional embodiment, one end of each branch bar 62 is rotatably connected to the end of the main bar 61 by a pin or hinge, so that each branch bar 62 can rotate freely around the connection point, thereby realizing flexible adjustment of its opening angle relative to the main bar 61. The adjustment range can be set to 30°-90° according to the characteristics of the substrate.

[0053] By adjusting the opening angle of the branch bars 62, the anchoring form can be optimized for different types of slope protection substrates 4. For example, soft soil requires a larger opening angle to increase the contact area, while dense rock layers require a smaller angle for concentrated embedding. This ensures that the branch bars 62 can engage with the substrate at the optimal angle, avoiding problems such as "difficulty in deep embedding" or "insufficient contact area" caused by a fixed angle, and improving the adaptability of the anchoring structure 6 to complex geological conditions. In addition, the branch bars 62 can be folded up before transportation or construction, significantly reducing the overall volume of the anchoring structure 6 and saving transportation space.

[0054] Optionally, the branch reinforcement 62 is a telescopic structure, and its length can be flexibly adjusted along the axial direction to adapt to the embedding requirements of the slope protection substrate 4 at different depths.

[0055] Specifically, the branch rib 62 can adopt a sleeve-type telescopic structure, which consists of nested inner rods and outer cylinders. The length can be adjusted by sliding the inner rod along the axial direction of the outer cylinder. After adjustment, it can be locked by spring pins or locking screws.

[0056] Optionally, such as Figure 4 As shown, the branch bar 62 is provided with a fixed seat 621 that can move along its axial direction. The fixed seat 621 is fixedly connected to the branch bar 62 by bolts. The two ends of the connecting bar 63 are respectively connected to the fixed seats 621 of the two adjacent branch bars 62.

[0057] In this optional embodiment, a fixing seat 621 that can slide along its axial direction is fitted on the branch rib 62. The fixing seat 621 can adopt a clamp-type structure, with its inner wall fitting against the outer wall of the branch rib 62. The position is fixed by a side locking bolt, and the bolt can be loosened to adjust along the axial direction. The two ends of the connecting rib 63 are respectively connected to the fixing seat 621 on the adjacent branch rib 62. The connection can be bolted for easy disassembly and assembly, forming a connection structure that can be adapted to position adjustment.

[0058] The position of the fixing seat 621 can be adjusted along the axial direction of the branch bar 62, which works in conjunction with the angle adjustment and length extension of the branch bar 62. When the branch bar 62 extends or extends to change its length or rotates to change its opening angle, the connection point of the connecting bar 63 can be adjusted by sliding the fixing seat 621. This prevents the connecting bar 63 from becoming loose, tight, or bent due to insufficient length adaptation or connection point offset, and always maintains stable limiting support for the branch bar 62, ensuring that the radial shape of the anchoring structure 6 does not fail.

[0059] Optionally, the connecting rib 63 is a telescopic structure to adapt to the connection support requirements of the branch rib 62 at different opening angles.

[0060] Specifically, the connecting rib 63 can adopt a sleeve-type telescopic structure, which is composed of a threaded inner rib rod and an outer rib tube nested together. By rotating the inner rib rod, the overall length can be flexibly adjusted along the axial direction to adapt to the angle adjustment of the branch rib 62 and ensure the effectiveness of the limiting support.

[0061] Optionally, such as Figure 4 As shown, the main reinforcement 61 includes a reinforcement body 611, one end of which is connected to an end cap plate 612. The end cap plate 612 is connected to multiple branch reinforcements 62. The side of the reinforcement body 611 is provided with a spiral protrusion structure 613. The end face of the end cap plate 612 away from the reinforcement body 611 is provided with a connecting plate 614. The edge of the connecting plate 614 protrudes outward to form a connecting wing plate 64.

[0062] In this optional embodiment, the main rib 61 includes a rib body 611 extending axially, which can be designed as a column. One end of the rib body 611 is fixedly connected to an end cap plate 612 by integral molding or welding. The end cap plate 612 can be designed as a disc, and its cross-sectional dimensions are larger than those of the rib body 611. The other end of the rib body 611 can be designed as a pointed end. On the outer surface of the rib body 611, a spiral protrusion structure 613 is provided extending spirally along its axial direction.

[0063] In addition, the side of the end cap plate 612 is fixedly connected to multiple branch ribs 62 one by one to form a multi-directional force support structure; the pitch of the protruding structure 613 is uniform and the protrusion height is adapted to the diameter of the rib body 611; a connecting plate 614 is fixedly attached to the side of the end cap plate 612 away from the rib body 611, and the connecting plate 614 is fastened to the end cap plate 612 by spot welding or bolts. The edge of the connecting plate 614 extends radially outward to form a connecting wing plate 64, and a reinforcing rib can be provided between the connecting wing plate 64 and the side of the end cap plate 612.

[0064] The main reinforcement 61, consisting of the main body 611, end cap plate 612, and protruding structure 613, forms a screw-like overall structure. While ensuring effective embedding in the soil to provide pull-out resistance, it allows for convenient installation of connecting branch reinforcements 62 and connecting flanges 64, demonstrating ingenious structural design. The spiral protruding structure 613 effectively increases the soil contact area between the main reinforcement 61 and the slope protection substrate 4. Furthermore, the spiral protruding structure 613 converts the tensile force on the main reinforcement 61 into a tangential force along the spiral direction, preventing the main reinforcement 61 from being pulled out during water flow impact or slope settlement.

[0065] Optionally, such as Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the support body 51 is assembled from multiple support units 501. An anchoring structure 6 is provided at the splicing corner of the support unit 501. Multiple connecting wing plates 64 are provided at one end of the anchoring structure 6. The multiple connecting wing plates 64 are respectively connected to each support unit 501 at the corresponding splicing corner.

[0066] In this optional embodiment, the support body 51 is formed by coplanar splicing of multiple support units 501, and an anchoring structure 6 is provided at each splicing corner of adjacent support units 501. A connecting wing plate 64 is integrally formed or welded to one end of the anchoring structure 6 near the support body 51. The connecting wing plate 64 extends outward from the end of the anchoring structure 6 and is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the support unit 501. Multiple bolt holes can be pre-set on the connecting wing plate 64, and high-strength bolts are used to fasten it to the embedded parts at the ends of the corresponding support units 501.

[0067] Here, the splicing angle refers to the intersection point of multiple support units 501, such as... Figure 5 As shown, when the support unit 501 is a square or rectangular shape, the splicing angle is the intersection of four support units 501 or the right-angle splicing point of at least two support units 501. The support unit 501 can also be a regular hexagonal unit, and the splicing angle is the intersection of six support units 501 or the splicing point of the outer corners of at least two support units 501.

[0068] Specifically, the support unit 501 can be made of concrete grating, which is spliced ​​together by tongue and groove or mortise and tenon joints at the edges to form a whole. The granular filler 52 can be gravel.

[0069] Optionally, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, a buffer layer 8 is provided between the first protective layer 1 and the second impermeable layer 2. The buffer layer 8 is made of rubber-modified asphalt material.

[0070] In this optional embodiment, a continuously laid buffer layer 8 is provided between the first protective layer 1 and the second impermeable layer 2. The buffer layer 8 is made of rubber-modified asphalt material, which typically contains 18%-22% rubber powder. The base asphalt is 70# road petroleum asphalt. During construction, it is applied by hot melt spraying or scraping, with a thickness controlled at 3-5mm. Its top surface is tightly bonded to the bottom surface of the first protective layer 1, and its bottom surface is completely bonded to the top surface of the second impermeable layer 2, forming a transition structure that combines elastic buffering and adhesive sealing functions. It has high elasticity and can buffer the impact between layers.

[0071] During construction, firstly, excavate the placement pit for the anchoring structure 6 at the predetermined location; then, unfold each branch reinforcement 62 of the anchoring structure 6 to the preset angle, place it into the pit, and fill the soil to ensure that the anchoring structure 6 is fully embedded in the soil, ensuring that the connecting wing plates 64 of each anchoring structure 6 remain exposed; then, level the foundation of the slope protection base 4, and lay a thick sand and gravel cushion layer as a leveling layer; next, assemble the concrete grid plate, i.e., the support unit 501. During the assembly process, connect the corners of each support unit 501 to the connecting wing plate 64, which can be secured with stainless steel bolts to fix the support unit 501. In addition, some anchor rods can be installed during assembly to position the support unit 501; then, fill the grid of the support unit 501 with gravel; finally, lay the third seepage-proof layer 3, the second seepage-proof layer 2, the buffer layer 8, and the first protective layer 1 in sequence. The layers can be bonded together with a special adhesive such as polyurethane glue to form an overall seepage-proof system, and the joints within each layer are treated by overlapping or welding.

[0072] While the present invention has been disclosed above, its scope of protection is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such changes and modifications will fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A slope protection system for flood control and water conservancy, characterized in that, It includes a slope protection base (4), and a first protective layer (1), a second impermeable layer (2) and a third impermeable layer (3) that are laid in layers from top to bottom on the surface of the slope protection base (4). The hardness of the first protective layer (1) is greater than the hardness of the second impermeable layer (2) and the hardness of the third impermeable layer (3). The impermeability of the first protective layer (1), the second impermeable layer (2) and the third impermeable layer (3) increases in sequence. The second impermeable layer (2) includes a bentonite waterproof blanket layer. The first protective layer (1) includes a concrete slab, and the third impermeable layer (3) includes an HDPE geomembrane; The inner and / or outer surfaces of the third impermeable layer (3) are provided with geotextile layers, and the geotextile layers and the third impermeable layer (3) are combined into an integral structure. It also includes a support layer (5) laid between the slope protection substrate (4) and the third impermeable layer (3). The support layer (5) includes a grid-shaped support body (51) and granular filler (52) filled in the grid of the support body (51). The granular filler (52) has a smooth surface, and holes (53) are provided on the grid wall of the support body (51). An anchoring structure (6) is provided at the bottom of the supporting body (51). The main body of the anchoring structure (6) is embedded in the slope protection base (4), and one end is connected to the supporting body (51). The anchoring structure (6) includes a main bar (61), multiple branch bars (62) and multiple connecting bars (63); one end of each branch bar (62) is connected to one end of the main bar (61), the multiple branch bars (62) are spaced apart along the circumference of the main bar (61), and the two ends of each connecting bar (63) are connected to two adjacent branch bars (62) respectively, so that the branch bars (62) radiate outward relative to the main bar (61); An anchor head (7) is provided at the other end of the branch bar (62). The anchor head (7) includes an anchor plate (71). One side of the anchor plate (71) is rotatably connected to the branch bar (62), and multiple anchor rods (72) are densely arranged on the other side of the plate. One end of each branch bar (62) is rotatably connected to one end of the main bar (61) so that the angle at which the branch bar (62) opens relative to the main bar (61) is adjustable; The branch reinforcement (62) is a retractable structure; The branch bar (62) is provided with a fixed seat (621) that can move along the axial direction. The fixed seat (621) is fixedly connected to the branch bar (62) by bolts. The two ends of the connecting bar (63) are respectively connected to the fixed seats (621) of two adjacent branch bars (62). The connecting rib (63) is a retractable structure.

2. The slope protection for flood control and water conservancy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The supporting body (51) is assembled from multiple supporting units (501). An anchoring structure (6) is provided at the splicing corner of the supporting unit (501). Multiple connecting wing plates (64) are provided at one end of the anchoring structure (6). The multiple connecting wing plates (64) are respectively connected to each of the supporting units (501) at the corresponding splicing corner.

3. The slope protection for flood control and water conservancy according to claim 2, characterized in that, The main reinforcement (61) includes a reinforcement body (611), one end of which is connected to an end cap plate (612). The end cap plate (612) is connected to a plurality of branch reinforcements (62). The side of the reinforcement body (611) is provided with a spiral protrusion structure (613). The end face of the end cap plate (612) away from the reinforcement body (611) is provided with a connecting plate (614). The edge of the connecting plate (614) protrudes outward to form the connecting wing plate (64).

4. The slope protection for flood control and water conservancy according to claim 1, characterized in that, A buffer layer (8) is provided between the first protective layer (1) and the second impermeable layer (2), and the buffer layer (8) is made of rubber modified asphalt material.

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