A microwave electric field measurement method and device based on singular point enhancement, electronic equipment, storage medium and computer program product

Abstract

This disclosure relates to a method, apparatus, electronic device, storage medium, and computer program product for measuring microwave electric fields based on singularity enhancement. The method includes: exciting alkali metal atoms in the ground state to a Rydberg state in a microwave electric field measurement system using a probe beam and a coupling beam to obtain an initial probe medium, wherein the coupling beam resonates with the probe beam and their optical paths are opposite; adjusting the initial probe medium using an adjustable microwave electric field to obtain a target probe medium in a singularity state of a non-Hermitian system; determining the response signal of the target probe medium to the microwave electric field to be measured; and determining the measurement result corresponding to the microwave electric field to be measured based on the response signal. This disclosure can introduce a nonlinear enhancement mechanism during the microwave electric field measurement process, making the response signal of the target probe medium to the microwave electric field to be measured approximately the square root of the electric field strength of the microwave electric field to be measured, thereby improving the sensitivity of the target probe medium to the microwave electric field to be measured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the fields of quantum precision measurement technology, electromagnetic field sensing technology and atomic spectroscopy technology, and in particular to a microwave electric field measurement method, device and electronic equipment, storage medium and computer program product based on singularity enhancement. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional electric field detection techniques in the present technology typically rely on metal antennas or field probes to indirectly measure microwave electric fields by measuring induced currents. This approach struggles to achieve small-volume, high-resolution, and absolutely traceable measurements and can also cause reverse perturbations to the microwave electric field. Therefore, there is a need for a non-contact microwave electric field measurement method with high sensitivity. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, this disclosure proposes a technical solution for a microwave electric field measurement method, device, electronic equipment, storage medium, and computer program product based on singularity enhancement.

[0004] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a method for measuring microwave electric fields based on singularity enhancement is provided, comprising: exciting alkali metal atoms in the ground state of a microwave electric field measurement system to a Rydberg state using a probe beam and a coupling beam to obtain an initial probe medium, wherein the coupling beam resonates with the probe beam and has opposite optical paths; adjusting the initial probe medium using an adjustable microwave electric field to obtain a target probe medium in a singularity state of a non-Hermitian system; determining the response signal of the target probe medium to the microwave electric field to be measured; and determining the measurement result corresponding to the microwave electric field to be measured based on the response signal.

[0005] In one possible implementation, the microwave electric field measurement system includes a laser generating unit, an atomic gas chamber, a microwave coupling unit, and a signal detection and processing unit.

[0006] In one possible implementation, the step of using a probe beam and a coupling beam to excite alkali metal atoms in the ground state to the Rydberg state in a microwave electric field measurement system to obtain an initial probe medium includes: using the probe beam to excite the alkali metal atoms in the ground state to an intermediate state to obtain alkali metal atoms in the intermediate state; and using the coupling beam to excite the alkali metal atoms in the intermediate state to the Rydberg state to obtain the initial probe medium.

[0007] In one possible implementation, adjusting the initial detection medium using an adjustable microwave electric field to obtain a target detection medium in a singular state of a non-Hermitian system includes: determining a target power based on the Rydberg state energy level corresponding to the initial detection medium; applying the adjustable microwave electric field to the initial detection medium and adjusting the real-time output power corresponding to the adjustable microwave electric field to the target power to obtain the target detection medium.

[0008] In one possible implementation, adjusting the initial detection medium using a tunable microwave electric field to obtain a target detection medium in a singular state of a non-Hermitian system includes: applying the tunable microwave electric field to the initial detection medium; determining the electromagnetically induced transparency-Eotretillistic Townes (EIT-AT) splitting signal corresponding to the initial detection medium; and adjusting the real-time output power corresponding to the tunable microwave electric field until the EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to the initial detection medium is at the splitting point position, thereby obtaining the target detection medium.

[0009] In one possible implementation, determining the response signal of the target detection medium to the microwave electric field under test includes: applying the microwave electric field under test to the target detection medium, determining the EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to the target detection medium, and determining the response signal based on the EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to the target detection medium and the position of the splitting point.

[0010] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a microwave electric field measurement device based on singularity enhancement is provided, comprising: an initialization module for exciting alkali metal atoms in the ground state of a microwave electric field measurement system to a Rydberg state using a probe beam and a coupling beam to obtain an initial probe medium, wherein the coupling beam resonates with the probe beam and their optical paths are opposite; a microwave coupling module for adjusting the initial probe medium using an adjustable microwave electric field to obtain a target probe medium in a singularity state of a non-Hermitian system; a signal detection module for determining the response signal of the target probe medium to the microwave electric field to be measured; and a signal processing module for determining the measurement result corresponding to the microwave electric field to be measured based on the response signal.

[0011] According to another aspect of this disclosure, an electronic device is provided, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the above-described method.

[0012] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-described method.

[0013] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a computer program product is provided, including a computer program or a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium carrying the computer program, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-described method.

[0014] In this embodiment, resonant and oppositely oriented probe and coupling beams can be used to excite alkali metal atoms in the ground state to the Rydberg state in a microwave electric field measurement system, obtaining an initial probe medium. Then, an adjustable microwave electric field is used to adjust the initial probe medium, resulting in a target probe medium in a singular state of a non-Hermitian system. This introduces a nonlinear enhancement mechanism during microwave electric field measurement, making the response signal of the target probe medium to the measured microwave electric field approximately the square root of the electric field strength, thus improving the sensitivity of the target probe medium to the measured microwave electric field. By determining the response signal of the target probe medium to the measured microwave electric field, the measurement result corresponding to the measured microwave electric field can be determined based on the response signal. Compared to existing measurement methods that require precise frequency locking and fine tuning of the coupling light intensity and probe window position, this method does not rely on meticulous matching of laser frequency or coupling light field intensity, simplifying the calibration structure required in the measurement system, offering higher repeatability, and applicability to more application scenarios.

[0015] Other features and aspects of this disclosure will become clear from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which are included in and form part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments, features, and aspects of this disclosure together with the specification and serve to explain the principles of this disclosure.

[0017] Figure 1 A flowchart is shown for a microwave electric field measurement method based on singularity enhancement according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0018] Figure 2 A block diagram of a microwave electric field measurement system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0019] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a microwave electric field measurement system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0020] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing an EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to a target detection medium according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0021] Figure 5 A flowchart illustrating a microwave electric field measurement process according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0022] Figure 6A block diagram of a microwave electric field measurement device based on singularity enhancement according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0023] Figure 7 A block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0024] Various exemplary embodiments, features, and aspects of this disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote elements that have the same or similar functions. Although various aspects of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, they are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated otherwise.

[0025] As used herein, the terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” or variations thereof are open-ended and include one or more of the stated features, integrals, elements, steps, components, or functions, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, elements, steps, components, functions, or groups thereof.

[0026] When an element is referred to as “connected,” “coupled,” “responding,” or a variation thereof relative to another element, it may be directly connected, coupled, or responding to another element, or there may be an intermediate element present.

[0027] Although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used herein to describe various elements / operations, these elements / operations should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element / operation from another. Therefore, without departing from the teachings of the inventive concept, a first element / operation in some embodiments may be referred to as a second element / operation in other embodiments.

[0028] The term “exemplary” as used herein means “serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration.” Any embodiment illustrated herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as superior to or better than other embodiments.

[0029] In this document, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent three cases: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. Furthermore, the term "at least one" in this document means any combination of at least two of any one or more elements. For example, including at least one of A, B, and C can mean including any one or more elements selected from the set consisting of A, B, and C.

[0030] Furthermore, to better illustrate this disclosure, numerous specific details are set forth in the following detailed description. Those skilled in the art will understand that this disclosure can be practiced without certain specific details. In some instances, methods, means, components, and circuits well known to those skilled in the art have not been described in detail in order to highlight the main points of this disclosure.

[0031] With the development of technologies such as 5G / 6G communication, System-on-Chip (SoC), and RF interconnect, many technological scenarios require high-sensitivity, wide-bandwidth, and non-contact measurement of microwave electric fields. However, existing traditional electric field detection technologies typically rely on metal antennas or field probes to indirectly measure microwave electric fields by measuring induced currents. This approach struggles to achieve small-volume, high-resolution, and absolutely traceable measurements and can also cause reverse perturbations to the microwave electric field.

[0032] Therefore, existing technologies have proposed using Rydberg atoms as the detection medium. Utilizing the high electric dipole moment of Rydberg atoms, they respond to the microwave electric field being measured, enabling non-invasive, highly sensitive electric field detection. This method is typically based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and the Autler-Townes splitting (AT splitting) effect. Atoms are excited from their ground state to a high-energy Rydberg state using lasers, and the electric field intensity of the microwave electric field being measured is resolved in the EIT-AT splitting spectrum. Specifically, the relationship between the spacing of the AT splitting peaks and the electric field intensity of the microwave electric field being measured can be expressed as formula (1):

[0033]

[0034] Where E represents the electric field strength of the microwave electric field to be measured; μ represents the atomic transition dipole moment; h represents Planck's constant; and Δf represents the spacing between the AT splitting peaks.

[0035] Therefore, the electric field strength of the electric field to be measured can be directly determined by measuring the value of the AT split. Existing technologies typically utilize microwave electric field measurement systems built on thermal atomic gases. Based on the above principle, the electric field strength is deduced by acquiring signal changes in the EIT-AT split spectrum through transmission detection.

[0036] However, this technique typically relies on the resolution of high-resolution spectral line structures in an idealized, low-noise environment. It requires relatively stringent measurement conditions, such as a highly stable laser frequency, ambient temperature, and a low electromagnetic interference environment, to ensure that the entire measurement system can perform electric field measurements within the linear response range of the EIT-AT splitting signal.

[0037] In view of this, this disclosure provides a microwave electric field measurement method based on singularity enhancement. This method introduces a nonlinear enhancement mechanism into the microwave electric field measurement process, making the response signal of the target probe medium to the measured microwave electric field approximately equal to the square root of the electric field strength, thereby improving the sensitivity of the target probe medium to the measured microwave electric field. The singularity enhancement-based microwave electric field measurement method provided in this disclosure is described in detail below.

[0038] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a microwave electric field measurement method based on singularity enhancement according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. This singularity enhancement-based microwave electric field measurement method can be executed by an electronic device such as a terminal device or a server. The terminal device can be a user equipment (UE), mobile device, user terminal, terminal, cellular phone, cordless phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), handheld device, computing device, vehicle-mounted device, wearable device, etc. This singularity enhancement-based microwave electric field measurement method can be implemented by a processor calling computer-readable instructions stored in memory. Alternatively, the singularity enhancement-based microwave electric field measurement method can be executed by a server. Figure 1 As shown, this microwave electric field measurement method based on singularity enhancement includes:

[0039] In step S101, the alkali metal atoms in the ground state of the microwave electric field measurement system are excited to the Rydberg state using the probe beam and the coupling beam to obtain the initial probe medium. The coupling beam resonates with the probe beam and the optical paths are opposite.

[0040] The specific form of the microwave electric field measurement system can be referred to the implementation methods in related technologies. It should be able to generate a probe beam and a coupling beam, and have an atomic gas chamber that can contain alkali metal atomic vapor. This disclosure does not make specific limitations in this regard.

[0041] In one possible implementation, the microwave electric field measurement system includes a laser generating unit, an atomic gas cell, a microwave coupling unit, and a signal detection and processing unit.

[0042] Figure 2 A block diagram of a microwave electric field measurement system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 2 As shown, system 200 includes: laser generating unit 201, atomic gas chamber 202, microwave coupling unit 203 and signal detection and processing unit 204.

[0043] The laser generating unit 201 can be used to emit a probe beam and a coupled beam that resonates with the probe beam. The specific form of the laser generating unit 201 can be flexibly set according to actual usage requirements, and this disclosure does not impose specific limitations on it.

[0044] In one example, the laser generating unit 201 may include two independent resonant light sources for emitting a probe beam and a coupling beam, respectively.

[0045] The specific forms of the probe beam and coupling beam can be flexibly set according to actual usage requirements. For example, the probe beam can be set to a laser with a wavelength of 780nm, a frequency of 384.2288THz, and a power of 40μW, and the coupling beam can be set to a laser with a wavelength of 480nm, a frequency of 625.0804THz, and a power of 320mW.

[0046] The atomic gas chamber 202 can be used to contain alkali metal atomic vapor as a basis for subsequent measurement of the microwave electric field to be measured. The specific form of the atomic gas chamber can be found in related technologies, such as a glass chamber, and this disclosure does not specifically limit it. The specific form of the alkali metal atoms can be flexibly set according to actual application requirements; for example, it can be set to rubidium metal atoms (Rb85), and this disclosure does not specifically limit it.

[0047] Furthermore, the atomic gas chamber 202 may also contain a buffer gas, or have an anti-collision coating attached to its inner wall, in order to reduce collision scattering and decoherence during the measurement of the microwave electric field to be measured.

[0048] The microwave coupling unit 203 can be used to apply an adjustable microwave electric field and / or a microwave electric field to be measured to the atomic gas chamber 202. The specific form of the microwave coupling unit 203 can be flexibly configured according to actual usage requirements; for example, it may include an adjustable microwave source and an antenna, etc., and this disclosure does not impose specific limitations in this regard. The microwave coupling unit 203 can be disposed outside or inside the atomic gas chamber 202, and can be flexibly configured according to actual usage requirements, and this disclosure does not impose specific limitations in this regard.

[0049] The signal detection and processing unit 204 can be used to detect the electromagnetically induced transparent signal generated after an adjustable microwave electric field and / or a microwave electric field to be measured is applied to the atomic gas cell 202. The specific form of the signal detection and processing unit 204 can be flexibly set according to actual usage requirements. For example, the signal detection and processing unit 204 may include an oscilloscope, a computer, etc., and this disclosure does not specifically limit it in this regard.

[0050] In addition to the above structure, the components of the microwave electric field measurement system can be flexibly adjusted according to actual usage requirements. For example, it can also include optical elements such as polarizers, mirrors, beam splitters, waveplates, and calcite shifters. This disclosure does not make specific limitations in this regard.

[0051] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a microwave electric field measurement system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 3 As shown, system 300 includes: a first light source 301 for emitting a probe beam, a second light source 302 for emitting a coupling beam, a third light source 303 for emitting a reference beam, dichroic mirrors 304 and 305 for separating the probe beam and the reference beam, an atomic gas cell 306, and a microwave coupling unit 307. The reference beam can be used to zero-calibrate system 300, improving the convenience and reliability of electric field measurement.

[0052] By using a resonant probe beam and a coupling beam with opposite optical paths, alkali metal atoms in the ground state of a microwave electric field measurement system can be excited to the Rydberg state, forming an initial probe medium capable of detecting microwave electric fields.

[0053] The following sections will describe in detail the process of exciting alkali metal atoms in the ground state to the Rydberg state in a microwave electric field measurement system using a probe beam and a coupling beam, based on possible implementations of this disclosure. These details will not be elaborated upon here.

[0054] In step S102, the initial detection medium is adjusted using an adjustable microwave electric field to obtain the target detection medium in a singular state of a non-Hermitian system.

[0055] By utilizing the high electric dipole moment of the initial probe medium, a direct response to the microwave electric field under test can be achieved, enabling non-invasive, high-sensitivity microwave electric field measurement. However, to further improve measurement accuracy and sensitivity, and reduce the dependence of the measurement process on environmental stability, it is necessary to adjust the initial probe medium to enhance the response sensitivity to the microwave electric field under test.

[0056] Specifically, an adjustable microwave electric field can be applied to the initial probe medium to couple the energy levels between any two different Rydberg states in the initial probe medium, for example, 71S. 1 / 2 and 71P 1 / 2 This process, among other things, causes the initial detection medium to form a non-Hermitian system, and the Hamiltonian of the system to have a singular point, resulting in a target detection medium in a singular state of a non-Hermitian system. Specific parameters such as the electric field strength of the adjustable microwave electric field can be flexibly set according to actual usage requirements, depending on the actual situation of the alkali metal atoms; this disclosure does not impose specific limitations on these parameters.

[0057] Because the target detection medium is in a singular state of a non-Hermitian system, its energy level results are very sensitive to minute disturbances and have a strong response capability to microwave electric fields with relatively weak electric field strength.

[0058] Figure 4 A schematic diagram is shown illustrating an EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to a target detection medium according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. For example... Figure 4 As shown, when the EIT-AT split signal corresponding to the target detection medium splits, it is located at a singular point. The target detection medium, being in a singular state of a non-Hermitian system, exhibits a significant nonlinear response to the microwave electric field. That is, the peak value of the EIT-AT spectrum does not change linearly with the microwave electric field intensity, but is approximately proportional to the square root of the microwave electric field intensity. Therefore, compared to the linear response of the traditional EIT-AT split signal in existing technologies, when the electric field intensity of the microwave electric field detected by the target detection medium changes slightly, the peak value of the EIT-AT spectrum will change significantly. This EP-induced nonlinear enhancement mechanism significantly improves the sensitivity of the target detection medium to the microwave electric field being measured.

[0059] The following sections will describe in detail the process of using an adjustable microwave electric field to adjust the initial detection medium to obtain a target detection medium in a singular state of a non-Hermitian system, based on possible implementations of this disclosure. These details will not be elaborated upon here.

[0060] In step S103, the response signal of the target detection medium to the microwave electric field under test is determined.

[0061] The microwave electric field to be measured here can represent an unknown microwave electric field whose electric field strength needs to be measured. During the measurement process, the microwave electric field to be measured is applied to the target detection medium in addition to the aforementioned adjustable microwave electric field.

[0062] Based on the above principle, by applying the microwave electric field to be measured to the target detection medium, the response signal of the target detection medium to the microwave electric field to be measured can be determined. The specific form of the response signal can be flexibly set according to actual application requirements, and this disclosure does not impose specific limitations on it.

[0063] In step S104, the measurement result corresponding to the microwave electric field to be measured is determined based on the response signal.

[0064] By recording the response signal of the target detection medium to the microwave electric field under test, the singularity enhancement features of the target detection medium to the microwave electric field under test can be extracted, thereby determining the measurement result corresponding to the microwave electric field under test and achieving high-sensitivity measurement of the microwave electric field under test. The specific method for determining the measurement result corresponding to the microwave electric field under test based on the response signal can be found in related technologies, and this disclosure does not impose specific limitations on it.

[0065] In this embodiment, resonant and oppositely oriented probe and coupling beams can be used to excite alkali metal atoms in the ground state to the Rydberg state in a microwave electric field measurement system, obtaining an initial probe medium. Then, an adjustable microwave electric field is used to adjust the initial probe medium, resulting in a target probe medium in a singular state of a non-Hermitian system. This introduces a nonlinear enhancement mechanism during microwave electric field measurement, making the response signal of the target probe medium to the measured microwave electric field approximately the square root of the electric field strength, thus improving the sensitivity of the target probe medium to the measured microwave electric field. By determining the response signal of the target probe medium to the measured microwave electric field, the measurement result corresponding to the measured microwave electric field can be determined based on the response signal. Compared to existing measurement methods that require precise frequency locking and fine tuning of the coupling light intensity and probe window position, this method does not rely on meticulous matching of laser frequency or coupling light field intensity, simplifying the calibration structure required in the measurement system, offering higher repeatability, and applicability to more application scenarios.

[0066] In one possible implementation, alkali metal atoms in the ground state of a microwave electric field measurement system are excited to the Rydberg state using a probe beam and a coupling beam to obtain an initial probe medium. This includes: using the probe beam to excite alkali metal atoms in the ground state to an intermediate state to obtain alkali metal atoms in the intermediate state; and using the coupling beam to excite alkali metal atoms in the intermediate state to the Rydberg state to obtain the initial probe medium.

[0067] Specifically, using a probe beam, alkali metal atoms can be excited from their ground state to intermediate states. For example, when the alkali metal atom is rubidium and the probe beam wavelength is 780 nm, the rubidium atom can be excited from its 5S state to an intermediate state. 1 / 2 Energy level excitation to 5P 3 / 2 Energy levels, thus obtaining alkali metal atoms in intermediate states.

[0068] Using a coupled beam, alkali metal atoms in an intermediate state can be excited to the Rydberg state. For example, when the alkali metal atom is rubidium and the wavelength of the coupled beam is 480 nm, the rubidium atom can be excited from the 5P state. 3 / 2 Energy level excitation up to 71S 1 / 2 Energy levels are thus used to obtain the initial detection medium and construct an electromagnetic induction transparent window by utilizing the two-photon resonance process.

[0069] In one possible implementation, an adjustable microwave electric field is used to adjust the initial detection medium to obtain a target detection medium in a singular state of a non-Hermitian system. This includes: determining the target power based on the Rydberg state energy level corresponding to the initial detection medium; applying the adjustable microwave electric field to the initial detection medium and adjusting the real-time output power corresponding to the adjustable microwave electric field to the target power to obtain the target detection medium.

[0070] Given the type of Rydberg state energy level corresponding to the initial probe medium, the microwave electric field intensity required to adjust the initial probe medium into a non-Hermitian system can be calculated in advance based on the Rydberg state energy level corresponding to the initial probe medium, thereby determining the target power of the tunable microwave electric field. The specific method for determining the target power based on the Rydberg state energy level corresponding to the initial probe medium can be found in related art implementations, and this disclosure does not specifically limit it.

[0071] By adjusting the real-time output power corresponding to the adjustable microwave electric field to the target power and applying the adjustable microwave electric field to the initial detection medium, the initial detection medium can be directly made into a non-Hermitian system, and the Hamiltonian of the system has a singular point, thus obtaining the target detection medium.

[0072] In one possible implementation, an adjustable microwave electric field is used to adjust the initial detection medium to obtain a target detection medium in a singular state of a non-Hermitian system. This includes: applying an adjustable microwave electric field to the initial detection medium to determine the electromagnetically induced transparency-Eutretschrain (EIT-AT) splitting signal corresponding to the initial detection medium; and adjusting the real-time output power corresponding to the adjustable microwave electric field until the EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to the initial detection medium is at the splitting point position, thereby obtaining the target detection medium.

[0073] Considering the potential interference from the external environment to the microwave electric field measurement system and the difficulty of data processing for directly calculating the target power of the adjustable microwave electric field, to facilitate the actual operation during the microwave electric field measurement process, the adjustable microwave electric field can be applied to the initial detection medium first, and the EIT-AT splitting signal generated by the initial detection medium in response to the adjustable microwave electric field can be detected. By adjusting the real-time output power corresponding to the adjustable microwave electric field, the change of the EIT-AT splitting signal during the adjustment process can be monitored until the EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to the initial detection medium is at the splitting point. This can determine that the initial detection medium forms a non-Hermitian system and that the Hamiltonian of the system has a singular point, thus obtaining the target detection medium.

[0074] The specific method for adjusting the real-time output power corresponding to the adjustable microwave electric field until the EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to the initial detection medium is at the splitting point can be flexibly set according to actual usage requirements, and this disclosure does not impose specific limitations on it.

[0075] In one example, the EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to the initial probe medium can be adjusted to the position where the splitting just occurs by adjusting the real-time output power corresponding to the adjustable microwave electric field, that is, the EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to the initial probe medium is at the splitting point.

[0076] In one possible implementation, determining the response signal of the target detection medium to the microwave electric field to be measured includes: applying the microwave electric field to be measured to the target detection medium, determining the EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to the target detection medium, and determining the response signal based on the EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to the target detection medium and the splitting point position.

[0077] After applying the microwave electric field to be measured to the target detection medium, the EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to the target detection medium can be determined. Based on the EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to the target detection medium after applying the microwave electric field to be measured, and the position of the splitting point, the change of the EIT-AT splitting signal of the target detection medium under the influence of the microwave electric field to be measured can be determined, so as to obtain the response signal.

[0078] Figure 5 A flowchart illustrating a microwave electric field measurement process according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 5 As shown, based on the singularity-enhanced microwave electric field measurement method provided in this disclosure, the process of measuring the microwave electric field to be measured using a microwave electric field measurement system may include:

[0079] In step S501, the coupling beam and the probe beam are initialized respectively, and frequency locking is performed.

[0080] Specifically, the laser corresponding to the coupling beam in the microwave electric field measurement system is activated, and the crystal temperature and frequency doubling module of the laser are stabilized and controlled to emit a coupling beam with a wavelength of 480 nm, and the frequency of the coupling beam is adjusted to approximately 625.0804 THz. The laser corresponding to the probe beam in the microwave electric field measurement system is then activated, emitting a probe beam with a wavelength of 780 nm. The probe beam is locked near the D2 line of the rubidium atom spectrum through saturated absorption spectroscopy, and the frequency of the probe beam is adjusted to approximately 384.2288 THz.

[0081] By employing a laser frequency adjustment method, the frequencies of the coupling beam and the probe beam are further adjusted to achieve precise matching of the laser frequencies. The specific methods for frequency adjustment can refer to implementation methods in related technologies, such as grating fine-tuning methods, temperature control methods, and current adjustment methods, etc., and this disclosure does not specifically limit them.

[0082] In step S502, the polarization states of the coupling beam and the probe beam are adjusted, and the differential probe signal generated by the interference of the coupling beam and the probe beam is zeroed.

[0083] A polarization adjustment unit and an interferometer are set up in the microwave electric field measurement system. The polarization state of the coupling beam and the probe beam are adjusted by the polarization adjustment unit. Then, the differential probe signal generated by the interference of the coupling beam and the probe beam is zeroed to achieve interference balance between the coupling beam and the probe beam. The specific form of the polarization adjustment unit and the interferometer can be flexibly set according to the actual application requirements, and this disclosure does not impose specific limitations on them.

[0084] In one example, the polarization adjustment unit may include a waveplate or a polarization beamsplitter (PSB).

[0085] In one example, the interference unit may include a calcite translater and a polarizer.

[0086] In step S503, the power of the coupling beam and the probe beam are adjusted respectively to excite the alkali metal atoms in the ground state to the Rydberg state in the microwave electric field measurement system, thus obtaining the initial probe medium.

[0087] The power of the coupling beam and the probe beam are monitored in real time by a power meter and the power is adjusted. The power of the coupling beam is adjusted to 320mW and the power of the probe beam is adjusted to 40μW.

[0088] In step S504, the working status of the signal detection and processing unit is checked, and the EIT-AT splitting signal is acquired.

[0089] The frequency shift of the probe beam is adjusted by a 400MHz acousto-optic modulator (AOM) to check the working status of the signal detection and processing unit, avoid saturation of the signal detection and processing unit, and ensure that the EIT-AT split signal can be acquired normally.

[0090] The coupling beam is controlled to perform laser frequency sweep within the range of 100MHz to 200MHz, and the EIT-AT splitting signal is recorded. During the laser frequency sweep, the frequency of the coupling beam is measured synchronously using a wavelength meter, and the frequency sweep data is collected synchronously to ensure that the frequency information of the coupling beam can be traced later.

[0091] In step S505, an adjustable microwave electric field is applied to the initial detection medium and the electric field strength is adjusted until the target detection medium is obtained in the singular state of a non-Hermitian system.

[0092] The microwave coupling unit is activated to apply an adjustable microwave electric field to the initial detection medium and adjust the electric field strength. The EIT-AT splitting signal generated by the adjustable microwave electric field in response to the initial detection medium is detected. By adjusting the real-time output power corresponding to the adjustable microwave electric field, the change of the EIT-AT splitting signal during the adjustment process is monitored until the EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to the initial detection medium is at the splitting point position, thus obtaining the target detection medium in the singular point state of the non-Hermitian system.

[0093] In step S506, the microwave electric field to be measured is performed using the target detection medium.

[0094] The above process enables the entire process of microwave electric field measurement without relying on precise matching of laser frequency or coupled optical field intensity, resulting in higher repeatability and applicability to a wider range of applications.

[0095] In this embodiment, resonant and oppositely oriented probe and coupling beams can be used to excite alkali metal atoms in the ground state to the Rydberg state in a microwave electric field measurement system, obtaining an initial probe medium. Then, an adjustable microwave electric field is used to adjust the initial probe medium, resulting in a target probe medium in a singular state of a non-Hermitian system. This introduces a nonlinear enhancement mechanism during microwave electric field measurement, making the response signal of the target probe medium to the measured microwave electric field approximately the square root of the electric field strength, thus improving the sensitivity of the target probe medium to the measured microwave electric field. By determining the response signal of the target probe medium to the measured microwave electric field, the measurement result corresponding to the measured microwave electric field can be determined based on the response signal. Compared to existing measurement methods that require precise frequency locking and fine tuning of the coupling light intensity and probe window position, this method does not rely on meticulous matching of laser frequency or coupling light field intensity, simplifying the calibration structure required in the measurement system, offering higher repeatability, and applicability to more application scenarios.

[0096] It is understood that the various method embodiments mentioned above in this disclosure can be combined with each other to form combined embodiments without violating the principle and logic. Due to space limitations, this disclosure will not elaborate further. Those skilled in the art will understand that in the above methods of specific implementation, the specific execution order of each step should be determined by its function and possible internal logic.

[0097] In addition, this disclosure also provides a microwave electric field measurement device, electronic device and non-volatile storage medium based on singular point enhancement. Any of the above can be used to implement any of the microwave electric field measurement methods based on singular point enhancement provided in this disclosure. The corresponding technical solutions and descriptions are described in the corresponding descriptions in the method section and will not be repeated here.

[0098] Figure 6A block diagram of a microwave electric field measurement device based on singularity enhancement according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 6 As shown, the device 600 includes:

[0099] Initialization module 601 is used to excite alkali metal atoms in the ground state to the Rydberg state in the microwave electric field measurement system using a probe beam and a coupling beam to obtain the initial probe medium, wherein the coupling beam resonates with the probe beam and the optical paths are opposite.

[0100] The microwave coupling module 602 is used to adjust the initial detection medium using an adjustable microwave electric field to obtain the target detection medium in the singular point state of a non-Hermitian system.

[0101] The signal detection module 603 is used to determine the response signal of the target detection medium to the microwave electric field under test;

[0102] The signal processing module 604 is used to determine the measurement result corresponding to the microwave electric field to be measured based on the response signal.

[0103] In one possible implementation, the microwave electric field measurement system includes a laser generating unit, an atomic gas cell, a microwave coupling unit, and a signal detection and processing unit.

[0104] In one possible implementation, the initialization module 601 is used to: use a probe beam to excite alkali metal atoms in the ground state to an intermediate state to obtain alkali metal atoms in the intermediate state; and use a coupling beam to excite alkali metal atoms in the intermediate state to a Rydberg state to obtain an initial probe medium.

[0105] In one possible implementation, the microwave coupling module 602 is used to: determine the target power based on the Rydberg state energy level corresponding to the initial probe medium; apply an adjustable microwave electric field to the initial probe medium and adjust the real-time output power corresponding to the adjustable microwave electric field to the target power, thereby obtaining the target probe medium.

[0106] In one possible implementation, the microwave coupling module 602 is used to: apply an adjustable microwave electric field to the initial detection medium to determine the electromagnetically induced transparent-Eutret Townes EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to the initial detection medium; adjust the real-time output power corresponding to the adjustable microwave electric field until the EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to the initial detection medium is at the splitting point position, thereby obtaining the target detection medium.

[0107] In one possible implementation, the signal detection module 603 is used to: apply the microwave electric field to be measured to the target detection medium, determine the EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to the target detection medium, and determine the response signal based on the EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to the target detection medium and the position of the splitting point.

[0108] In some embodiments, the functions or modules of the apparatus provided in this disclosure can be used to perform the methods described in the above method embodiments. The specific implementation can be referred to the description of the above method embodiments, and for the sake of brevity, it will not be repeated here.

[0109] This disclosure also provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the above method.

[0110] This disclosure also provides a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-described method.

[0111] This disclosure also provides a computer program product, including a computer program or a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium carrying the computer program, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above method.

[0112] Figure 7 A block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. For example, electronic device 1900 may be provided as a server or terminal device. (Refer to...) Figure 7 The electronic device 1900 includes a processing component 1922, which further includes one or more processors, and memory resources represented by memory 1932 for storing instructions, such as application programs, that can be executed by the processing component 1922. The application programs stored in memory 1932 may include one or more modules, each corresponding to a set of instructions. Furthermore, the processing component 1922 is configured to execute instructions to perform the methods described above.

[0113] Device 1900 may also include a power supply component 1926 configured to perform power management of device 1900, a wired or wireless network interface 1950 configured to connect device 1900 to a network, and an input / output interface 1958 (I / O interface). Device 1900 can operate on an operating system, such as Windows Server, stored in memory 1932. TM macOS X TM Unix TM Linux TM FreeBSD TM Or similar.

[0114] In an exemplary embodiment, a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium is also provided, such as a memory 1932 including computer program instructions that can be executed by a processing component 1922 of the device 1900 to perform the above-described method.

[0115] Computer-readable storage media can be tangible devices capable of holding and storing programs / instructions used by instruction execution devices. Computer-readable storage media can be, for example—but not limited to—electrical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, optical storage devices, electromagnetic storage devices, semiconductor storage devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable storage media include: portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), static random access memory (SRAM), portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital multifunction disc (DVD), memory sticks, floppy disks, mechanical encoding devices, such as punch cards or recessed protrusions storing instructions thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. The computer-readable storage media used herein are not to be construed as transient signals themselves, such as radio waves or other freely propagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagating through waveguides or other transmission media (e.g., light pulses through fiber optic cables), or electrical signals transmitted through wires.

[0116] The computer program (or computer-readable program instructions) described herein can be downloaded from a computer-readable storage medium to various computing / processing devices, or downloaded via a network, such as the Internet, local area network, wide area network, and / or wireless network, to an external computer or external storage device. The network may include copper transmission cables, fiber optic transmission, wireless transmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers, and / or edge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in each computing / processing device receives the computer-readable program instructions from the network and forwards them to the computer-readable storage medium in the respective computing / processing device.

[0117] The computer program (or computer program instructions) used to perform the operations of this disclosure may be assembly instructions, instruction set architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine-dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, status setting data, or source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Smalltalk, C++, etc., and conventional procedural programming languages ​​such as the "C" language or similar programming languages. The computer-readable program instructions may execute entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as a standalone software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In cases involving remote computers, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer via any type of network—including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN)—or may be connected to an external computer (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider). In some embodiments, electronic circuits, such as programmable logic circuits, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or programmable logic arrays (PLAs), are personalized by utilizing state information of computer-readable program instructions. These electronic circuits can execute computer-readable program instructions to implement various aspects of this disclosure.

[0118] Various aspects of this disclosure are described herein with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this disclosure. It should be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer-readable program instructions.

[0119] These computer-readable program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine such that, when executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, they create means for implementing the functions / actions specified in one or more blocks of the flowchart and / or block diagram. These computer-readable program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that causes a computer, programmable data processing apparatus, and / or other device to operate in a particular manner; thus, the computer-readable medium storing the instructions comprises an article of manufacture that includes instructions for implementing aspects of the functions / actions specified in one or more blocks of the flowchart and / or block diagram.

[0120] Computer-readable program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby causing the instructions executed on the computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to perform the functions / actions specified in one or more boxes of a flowchart and / or block diagram.

[0121] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. In this regard, each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of an instruction containing one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. In some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the blocks may occur in a different order than those shown in the drawings. For example, two consecutive blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, may be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or action, or using a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0122] The various embodiments of this disclosure have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen to best explain the principles, practical application, or technical improvements to the embodiments in the market, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for microwave electric field measurement based on singularity point enhancement, characterized in that, include: Using a probe beam and a coupling beam, alkali metal atoms in the ground state of a microwave electric field measurement system are excited to the Rydberg state to obtain an initial probe medium, wherein the coupling beam resonates with the probe beam and their optical paths are opposite. The initial detection medium is adjusted using an adjustable microwave electric field to obtain a target detection medium in a singular state of a non-Hermitian system. The response signal of the target detection medium to the microwave electric field exhibits nonlinear characteristics. The nonlinear characteristics include: the electromagnetically induced transparency-Eutret Townes EIT-AT splitting signal of the target detection medium is proportional to the square root of the microwave electric field strength. Determine the response signal of the target detection medium to the microwave electric field under test; Based on the response signal, the measurement result corresponding to the microwave electric field to be measured is determined.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microwave electric field measurement system includes a laser generating unit, an atomic gas chamber, a microwave coupling unit, and a signal detection and processing unit.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The method utilizes a probe beam and a coupling beam to excite alkali metal atoms in the ground state to the Rydberg state in the microwave electric field measurement system, obtaining the initial probe medium, which includes: Using the probe beam, the alkali metal atoms in the ground state are excited to an intermediate state, thus obtaining alkali metal atoms in the intermediate state; Using the coupled beam, the alkali metal atoms in the intermediate state are excited to the Rydberg state to obtain the initial detection medium.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The method of adjusting the initial detection medium using an adjustable microwave electric field to obtain a target detection medium in a singular state of a non-Hermitian system includes: The target power is determined based on the Rydberg state energy level corresponding to the initial detection medium; The adjustable microwave electric field is applied to the initial detection medium, and the real-time output power corresponding to the adjustable microwave electric field is adjusted to the target power to obtain the target detection medium.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The method of adjusting the initial detection medium using an adjustable microwave electric field to obtain a target detection medium in a singular state of a non-Hermitian system includes: The adjustable microwave electric field is applied to the initial detection medium to determine the electromagnetically induced transparent-EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to the initial detection medium. Adjust the real-time output power corresponding to the adjustable microwave electric field until the EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to the initial detection medium is at the splitting point position to obtain the target detection medium.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, Determining the response signal of the target detection medium to the microwave electric field under test includes: The microwave electric field to be measured is applied to the target detection medium to determine the EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to the target detection medium; The response signal is determined based on the EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to the target detection medium and the location of the splitting point.

7. A microwave electric field measurement device based on singularity enhancement, characterized in that, include: An initialization module is used to excite alkali metal atoms in the ground state to the Rydberg state in a microwave electric field measurement system using a probe beam and a coupling beam to obtain an initial probe medium, wherein the coupling beam resonates with the probe beam and has opposite optical paths; A microwave coupling module is used to adjust the initial detection medium using an adjustable microwave electric field to obtain a target detection medium in a singular state of a non-Hermitian system. The response signal of the target detection medium to the microwave electric field exhibits nonlinear characteristics. The nonlinear characteristics include: the electromagnetically induced transparency-Eutreteau-Towns (EIT-AT) splitting signal of the target detection medium is proportional to the square root of the microwave electric field strength. A signal detection module is used to determine the response signal of the target detection medium to the microwave electric field under test; The signal processing module is used to determine the measurement result corresponding to the microwave electric field to be measured based on the response signal.

8. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, characterized in that, The processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. A non-volatile computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

10. A computer program product comprising a computer program, or a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium carrying a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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