A self-regulating green energy through-power supply system and method

Abstract

This invention provides a self-regulating green energy continuous power supply system and method, belonging to the field of electrified railway traction power supply and new energy storage technology. The self-regulating green energy continuous power supply system includes: a continuous overhead contact line, a green energy substation, collector lines, and energy storage devices. The green energy busbar of the green energy substation is connected to the continuous overhead contact line via green energy feeders, connected to the collector lines via collector feeders, and connected to the energy storage devices via energy storage feeders. Multiple green energy devices are installed on the collector lines. A monitoring and control device is installed in the green energy substation to control the charging and discharging power of the energy storage devices based on the traction load power of the continuous overhead contact line and the power generation power of the collector feeders, so as to maintain a balance between power generation, power consumption, and energy storage power within the power supply range of the green energy substation. This invention achieves self-regulating balance in traction power supply with green energy and energy storage as the core, eliminating dependence on power from the traction substation while ensuring the continuity of railway operation and power quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of electrified railway traction power supply and new energy storage technology, specifically to a self-regulating green energy through power supply system and a self-regulating green energy through power supply method. Background Technology

[0002] AC electrified railways are a crucial pillar of modern transportation systems, and the efficiency, reliability, and environmental friendliness of their traction power supply systems are paramount. Existing traction power supply systems employ an architecture based on traction substations. In this architecture, the core equipment of the traction substation is the traction transformer, whose primary side is connected to the public three-phase power grid, and its secondary side supplies power to the overhead contact line via the traction busbar, providing the necessary electrical energy for train operation. However, this traditional model, entirely reliant on traction transformers and the public three-phase power grid, suffers from significant technical bottlenecks: First, traction loads are typically single-phase, high-power, and highly volatile loads; connecting them to the public three-phase power grid presents power quality issues such as negative sequence and power surge. Second, the system's operation is highly dependent on the public power grid, exhibiting poor energy autonomy, insufficient system resilience, and high sensitivity to grid stability, making it susceptible to grid failures or fluctuations.

[0003] In response to green and low-carbon development, existing traction substations integrate renewable energy sources (such as photovoltaics and wind power, collectively referred to as "green electricity") and energy storage devices (such as batteries and supercapacitors). These solutions typically use green electricity and energy storage as auxiliary or supplementary power sources connected to the traction power supply system. However, the traction power supply system architecture has not been innovated, and green electricity and energy storage play only a secondary role. The system's core dependence on the public three-phase power grid and traction transformers has not been changed. Power quality issues such as negative sequence problems and power surge power have not been completely resolved. At the same time, green electricity is passively positioned and its absorption is limited, essentially remaining a "grid-centric, green electricity-supplemented" model.

[0004] Therefore, the existing electrified railway traction power supply system faces severe challenges in terms of architectural efficiency, negative sequence and cross-traffic power management, greening of the energy structure, and system autonomous operation capability (self-discipline). A breakthrough power supply architecture and technology are urgently needed, which would establish green energy substations, eliminate power outage zones in section substations, achieve fully continuous power supply to the overhead contact line, and enable efficient continuous power supply solutions that use green electricity as the primary energy source, conduct energy storage, power generation, and power consumption self-regulation through intelligent monitoring and control methods, and retain only a small number of traction substations on one or both sides of the node to provide necessary voltage support. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a self-regulating green energy power supply system and method to at least solve the problems of high dependence on the public power grid, limited green energy absorption, and insufficient power quality in existing railway traction power supply.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the first aspect of the present invention provides a self-regulating green energy continuous power supply system. The self-regulating green energy continuous power supply system includes: a continuous overhead contact line, a traction substation, a green energy substation, a collector line, and an energy storage device; the traction substation includes a traction transformer connected to a three-phase power grid, and the traction substation is independently located at either end or both ends of the continuous overhead contact line to provide voltage support for the continuous overhead contact line; the green energy substation does not contain a traction transformer connected to the three-phase power grid, but it contains a green energy busbar, which is connected to the continuous overhead contact line via a green energy feeder, connected to the collector line via a collector feeder, and connected to the energy storage device via an energy storage feeder; multiple green energy devices are installed on the collector line, and the green energy devices generate electricity to the green energy busbar via the collector line; green energy... A sectioner is connected in series on the through contact network at the substation outlet, dividing the power supply zones into left and right sections, forming the power supply range of the green energy substation. The power supply ranges of adjacent green energy substations are continuous and do not overlap. A monitoring and control device is installed inside the green energy substation. The output terminal of the monitoring and control device is connected to the control terminal of the energy storage device and the control terminal of the green energy device on the collector line. The monitoring and control device is used to control the charging and discharging power of the energy storage device according to the traction load power of the through contact network and the power generation power of the collector line, so as to keep the power generation, power consumption and energy storage power in the power supply range of the green energy substation in balance, and under normal operating conditions, it does not draw power from the traction substations on one or both sides of the through contact network.

[0007] Optionally, the through-line contact network and the railway rails together constitute the traction power supply circuit for train operation; the train pantograph obtains electrical energy through the through-line contact network, converts it into traction power through the traction motor, and returns it to the green energy busbar through the railway rails, thus forming a closed circuit; the collector wire and the railway rails together constitute the power generation circuit of the green energy device; the green energy device sends the generated electrical energy to the green energy busbar through the collector wire via a matching transformer and converter, and completes the power feedback through the rail circuit.

[0008] Optionally, multiple green energy devices are evenly arranged on the collector line. Each green energy device includes a first matching transformer, a first converter, and a green energy unit in sequence. The green energy unit is a renewable energy module. The first matching transformer is used to match and adjust the voltage output of the green energy unit. The first converter is used to convert the electrical energy output by the green energy unit into AC electrical energy consistent with the green energy bus. The monitoring and control device communicates bidirectionally with the control terminals of the first converter and the green energy unit through optical fiber. Under power generation conditions, the monitoring and control device controls the green energy unit to operate at maximum power, and simultaneously controls the first converter to adjust the active and reactive power to keep its AC power factor at 1. Under emergency conditions, the monitoring and control device controls the green energy unit to stop power generation and controls the output power of the first converter to be 0.

[0009] Optionally, the energy storage device includes a second matching transformer, a second converter, and an energy storage unit connected in series; the energy storage unit is a chargeable and dischargeable energy storage element; the second matching transformer is used to match the voltage level between the energy storage unit and the green energy bus; the second converter is used to regulate active power and reactive power and realize bidirectional energy flow; the output terminal of the measurement and control device is connected to the control terminal of the second converter and the energy storage unit to dynamically adjust the charging and discharging power of the energy storage unit according to the voltage and current of the green energy bus, so that the combined power of the green energy bus is always within the preset power range.

[0010] Optionally, the energy storage devices and green energy devices configured in the green energy substation are all reserved with redundant capacity according to the train operation organization requirements; when some green energy devices or some energy storage units fail or are taken out of operation, the standby capacity is automatically compensated to maintain the power balance of the corresponding section within the power supply range.

[0011] Optionally, when the through-contact network is under no-load operation, the monitoring and control device receives voltage information from the traction busbars of traction substations on one or both sides of the through-contact network, and controls the second converter in the energy storage device based on the voltage information, so that the green energy busbar voltage is equal to the traction busbar voltage; wherein, when a traction substation is only set on one side of the through-contact network, the green energy busbar voltage is equal to the traction busbar voltage on that side; when traction substations are set on both sides of the through-contact network, the green energy busbar voltage is equal to the traction busbar voltage on one side determined according to a preset voltage selection rule.

[0012] Optionally, when the through-contact network is under no-load operation and traction substations are installed on both sides of the through-contact network, the measurement and control device simultaneously receives voltage information from the traction buses on both sides of the through-contact network to determine whether the crossing power of the through-contact network flows from the left traction substation to the right traction substation or from the right traction substation to the left traction substation. Based on the determined power flow direction, the measurement and control device selects the green energy substation closest to the traction substation on the power inflow side and controls the energy storage device of the corresponding green energy substation to absorb the crossing power, thereby eliminating cross-regional power exchange.

[0013] Optionally, when the through-contact network is under no-load operation, the monitoring and control device controls the operation of the green power device on the collector line, so that the voltage of the collector line is consistent with the voltage of the through-contact network; the monitoring and control device also controls the charging and discharging state of the energy storage device, so that the voltage of the energy storage feeder is consistent with the voltage of the through-contact network.

[0014] Optionally, within the power supply range of the green energy substation, the green energy feeder is divided into left and right green energy feeders, with the section divider at the outlet of the green energy substation as the boundary. The green energy busbar supplies power to the left power supply zone through the left green energy feeder and to the right power supply zone through the right green energy feeder. The green energy substation is equipped with two collector lines, left and right. Multiple left-side green energy devices are installed on the left collector line and connected to the green energy busbar via the left collector feeder. Multiple right-side green energy devices are installed on the right collector line and connected to the green energy busbar via the right collector feeder. A voltage transformer is installed on the green energy busbar, and a current transformer is connected in series with each feeder. The input terminal of the measurement and control device is connected to the measuring terminals of the voltage transformer and the current transformer, respectively, to collect the voltage information of the green energy busbar and the current information of the left and right green energy feeders and energy storage feeders in real time.

[0015] A second aspect of the present invention provides a self-regulating green energy interconnected power supply method, the method being implemented based on the aforementioned self-regulating green energy interconnected power supply system. The method includes: acquiring voltage and current information of each green energy substation segment of the interconnected contact network to determine the traction load power of each segment, and using the algebraic sum of the traction load power of each segment as the total traction load power within the power supply range of the corresponding green energy substation; acquiring green energy bus voltage information and current information of the collector feeder, calculating the power generation of the collector feeder, and using the algebraic sum of the power generation of each collector feeder as the total power generation within the power supply range of the corresponding green energy substation; and controlling the charging and discharging power of the energy storage device based on the difference between the total traction load power and the total power generation, so that the power of power generation, power consumption, and energy storage within the power supply range of the corresponding green energy substation remains balanced.

[0016] Through the above technical solution, this invention constructs a power supply architecture centered on a green energy busbar in a green energy substation, achieving unified connection and energy interaction between the contact network, collector lines, and energy storage devices. Combined with real-time calculation and adjustment of traction load power and power generation by the monitoring and control device, a closed-loop balance is formed between power generation, power consumption, and energy storage. This not only ensures the continuity and stability of train traction power supply but also avoids the power dependence on traction substations and the public power grid under the traditional model, fundamentally improving energy autonomy. Simultaneously, the coordinated operation of multi-point green energy device access and dynamic adjustment of energy storage devices effectively promotes the full absorption of green electricity and the local utilization of renewable energy, reducing power quality problems and the risks of cross-regional power exchange, thereby achieving the goal of green, stable, and self-disciplined railway power supply.

[0017] Other features and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate embodiments of the present invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the following detailed description to explain the embodiments of the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a system structure diagram of a self-regulating green energy interconnected power supply system provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a detailed structural diagram of a green energy substation provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the steps of a self-regulating green energy power supply method provided in one embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a system structure diagram of a self-regulating green energy interconnected power supply system provided in one embodiment of the present invention. (See diagram below.) Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a self-regulating green energy through-power supply system, the system comprising: through-contact network, traction substation, green energy substation, collector wire and energy storage device; The traction substation includes a traction transformer connected to a three-phase power grid. The traction substation is independently located at any one or both ends of the through contact network and is used to provide voltage support for the through contact network. The green energy substation does not have a traction transformer connected to the three-phase power grid. Instead, it has a green energy busbar connected to the through-contact network via green energy feeders, to the current collector line via current collector feeders, and to the energy storage device via energy storage feeders. Multiple green energy devices are installed on the current collector line, generating electricity for the green energy busbar via the current collector line. A section divider is connected in series at the exit of the green energy substation, dividing the power supply into left and right zones based on the section divider. The power supply to adjacent green energy substations... The range is continuous and non-overlapping; a measurement and control device is installed in the green energy substation, and the output end of the measurement and control device is connected to the control end of the energy storage device and the control end of the green energy device on the collector line. The measurement and control device is used to control the charging and discharging power of the energy storage device according to the traction load power of the through contact network and the power generation power of the collector feeder, so that the power generation, power consumption and energy storage power within the power supply range of the green energy substation are kept in balance, and under normal operating conditions, no power is obtained from the traction substation on one or both sides of the through contact network.

[0021] In this embodiment of the invention, the green energy busbar is constructed as the core electrical collection and distribution node of the entire electrified railway's self-regulating green energy power supply system, and its structural design differs fundamentally from that of the traditional traction power supply system. Specifically, the green energy busbar achieves external connections through three different types of feeders: Firstly, the green energy feeder is electrically connected to the through-line contact network, ensuring that trains can directly obtain traction power from the green energy busbar when drawing current from the pantograph, thus realizing a power supply path centered on the green energy substation. Secondly, the green energy busbar is connected to the collector lines laid along the line through the collector feeder, and multiple green energy devices are evenly distributed on the collector lines. These green energy devices include matching transformers, converters, and renewable energy units, which can convert the electricity generated by new energy sources such as wind and solar power and connect it to the grid to the green energy busbar, realizing local consumption and collection. Thirdly, the green energy busbar is also electrically connected to the energy storage device through the energy storage feeder. The energy storage device includes energy storage units and matching electrical equipment. During peak load periods, it can quickly release electricity to compensate for insufficient power, and during off-peak periods or when green energy output is abundant, it absorbs excess electricity for storage, forming an energy buffer and dynamic balance for the power supply system. Through the combined action of the three channels mentioned above, the green energy busbar completes the closed-loop coupling relationship between power generation, power consumption and energy storage in its architecture, enabling the entire power supply system to have self-regulating capabilities.

[0022] For wind power, photovoltaic, and other new energy devices deployed on the collector lines, their output terminals are electrically connected to the first converter via parallel matching transformers. The first converter is equipped with a power regulation unit and a control interface, possessing the hardware requirements to execute maximum power point tracking (MPPT) generation. This control interface is connected to the fiber optic communication port of the monitoring and control device. When the green energy unit is in grid-connected operation, the power regulation unit can adjust the voltage and current operating points in real time according to the output characteristic curve of the photovoltaic panel or the speed characteristics of the wind turbine impeller, ensuring that each green energy unit always operates near its maximum power point, thereby guaranteeing the full utilization of new energy output. In extreme weather or electrical fault conditions, the monitoring and control device sends a shutdown or derating command to the first converter via the communication interface. The first converter can quickly switch its operating state and reduce its output power to avoid impacting the green energy bus.

[0023] Furthermore, the configuration of the measurement and control device is particularly crucial in this closed-loop architecture. The device includes voltage and current detection interfaces, capable of collecting electrical status parameters of the overhead contact line, current collector feeders, and energy storage feeders, respectively. By measuring the voltage and current of the overhead contact line, the train traction load power can be accurately calculated; simultaneously, the power generation of the green energy devices connected to the busbar can be obtained through current detection data from the current collector feeders. The measurement and control device compares these two types of power data to form a basis for judging the supply-demand difference. Combined with the dynamic situation of busbar voltage and feeder current, it generates charging and discharging control commands for the energy storage devices and sends operating status commands to the green energy devices distributed on the current collector lines via fiber optic interfaces, enabling coordinated green energy output and energy storage charging and discharging. With this architecture, the green energy substation possesses independent computing and control capabilities, enabling it to achieve global power balance within its power supply section.

[0024] More importantly, under normal operating conditions, the system of this invention can achieve complete energy self-sufficiency through the synergistic effect of the green energy busbar, collector lines, and energy storage devices, eliminating the need to rely on traction substations connected to one or both sides of the overhead contact line for continuous power supply. The traction substations retain only the function of providing voltage support to the overhead contact line and are no longer the main power supply source. This improvement directly breaks through the traditional technical framework of "grid as the main source and green energy as a supplement," making green energy and energy storage the core of the power supply system and changing the previously marginalized status of auxiliary power supply.

[0025] The implementation of this scheme yields several technical benefits. First, in terms of traction power supply, the system achieves energy self-regulation, prioritizing the use of green electricity and energy storage to meet train traction loads. Even with external grid fluctuations or short-term anomalies in traction substations, it maintains power supply continuity and operational stability, significantly enhancing system resilience. Second, in terms of energy utilization, the distributed green electricity devices along the line can be locally connected to the green energy busbar, eliminating the need for long-distance transmission of renewable energy for direct traction power supply, drastically reducing wind and solar curtailment and improving renewable energy utilization. Third, in terms of power quality, the energy storage devices, through rapid charging and discharging regulation, can smooth out train traction load fluctuations, mitigating voltage fluctuations and negative sequence current issues caused by single-phase high-power loads in traditional models, and avoiding power quality risks caused by large-scale power flow across regions. Finally, the scheme of this invention structurally combines a through-line contact network with a sectioning device, achieving continuous power supply across the entire line while still allowing for section-by-section isolation when necessary, ensuring flexible scheduling and reliable protection.

[0026] Therefore, the electrified railway self-regulating green energy through power supply system proposed in this invention not only breaks through the dependence on traction substations and public power grids in terms of architecture, but also achieves dynamic balance between power generation, power consumption and energy storage through the integrated application of the three-way interface of the green energy bus and the measurement and control device. While ensuring the stability of train operation, it promotes the in-depth application of new energy in the field of railway traction power supply. Overall, it has obvious creative and practical value.

[0027] Furthermore, compared to traditional electrified railway traction power supply systems, the self-regulating green energy integrated power supply system proposed in this invention achieves a fundamental difference at the architectural level. The core of the traditional traction power supply architecture is the traction substation, which relies on traction transformers to convert the three-phase public grid power into single-phase traction power and supply it to the overhead contact line via the traction bus. In this mode, if green electricity and energy storage are to be integrated into the system, they can usually only be connected to the grid as auxiliary power sources via the traction substation bus, limiting their functionality and preventing them from breaking away from the dominant position of the public grid. The resulting problems are obvious: the train traction load is a single-phase high-power load, inevitably leading to negative sequence currents and cross-regional power transfers in the public grid, resulting in degraded power quality. Simultaneously, the railway power supply system lacks the resilience to operate independently during grid faults or fluctuations.

[0028] In contrast, the architecture of this invention fundamentally changes the power supply logic by introducing a combination of green energy substations and a continuous overhead contact line. First, instead of traction transformers connected to the three-phase power grid within the green energy substation, an independent green energy bus serves as the aggregation node. This bus connects both collector lines and energy storage devices, allowing distributed renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power, as well as energy storage units, to directly participate in the main power supply link, becoming the primary power source for traction power. Second, at the continuous overhead contact line level, adjacent green energy substations are connected in series via sectionalizers, achieving continuous power supply across the entire line while maintaining zone isolation. This structure avoids the problem of power supply segment fragmentation in traditional models, eliminating the need for power outages when trains cross zones, thus improving power supply continuity and operational efficiency. More importantly, in terms of control logic, the operating status of green electricity and energy storage in traditional schemes typically relies on the traction substation for scheduling. In contrast, the measurement and control devices in this invention are directly configured within the green energy substation, possessing voltage and current signal acquisition and control interfaces, enabling independent power balance adjustment within a given section. This means that each green energy substation is self-regulating and no longer passively relies on the unified control of traction substations, thereby transforming the railway traction power supply architecture from "grid-dominated" to "new energy-dominated", greatly enhancing energy autonomy and system resilience.

[0029] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 1 Including green energy substations GS1, ..., GS i , ..., GS nThe green energy substation consists of a contact network, section substations, and collector lines. No traction transformers connected to the three-phase power grid are installed within the green energy substation. A green energy busbar is installed within the green energy substation, connected to the contact network via green energy feeders. The contact networks connected to the green energy substation via these feeders are electrically interconnected, forming a continuous contact network. The green energy busbar is connected to collector lines via collector feeders. Several green energy devices are installed on the collector lines, generating electricity for the green energy busbar through the collector lines. The green energy busbar is connected to energy storage devices via energy storage feeders. A measurement and control device is installed within the green energy substation. The output of the measurement and control device is connected to the control end of the energy storage device, and further connected to the control end of the green energy device on the collector lines via fiber optic FO.

[0030] Preferably, the through-line contact network and the railway rail together constitute the traction power supply circuit for train operation; the train pantograph obtains electrical energy through the through-line contact network, converts it into traction power through the traction motor, and returns it to the green energy busbar through the rail, thus forming a closed circuit; the collector wire and the rail together constitute the power generation circuit of the green energy device; the green energy device sends the generated electrical energy to the green energy busbar through the collector wire via the matching transformer and converter, and completes the power feedback through the rail circuit.

[0031] In this embodiment of the invention, traction substations SS1 and SS2 are set on both sides of the through contact network. It can be understood that setting a traction substation on one side of the through contact network is also within the scope of protection of this invention. A traction transformer is set in the traction substation. The primary side of the traction transformer is connected to the three-phase power grid, and the secondary side of the traction transformer is connected to the traction bus. The three-phase power grid provides voltage support for the traction bus. A traction feeder is led out from the traction bus and connected to the through contact network. The voltage information of the traction bus is transmitted to the input terminal of the measurement and control device of the green energy substation through optical fiber.

[0032] Preferably, the overhead contact line and railway rails form the basic circuit for train traction power supply. When the train is running, the pantograph directly obtains high-voltage electrical energy from the overhead contact line, which is then supplied to the traction motor via the onboard traction converter. The motor converts the electrical energy into traction power to propel the train. The current ultimately flows through the wheels to the rails, forming a return path, and then returns to the green energy busbar, thus forming a complete closed circuit between the overhead contact line, the train, the rails, and the green energy busbar. This electrical circuit design ensures continuous power supply to the train during operation and guarantees the controllability of current flow and electrical safety.

[0033] Meanwhile, the collector wires and rails together form the power generation circuit of the green energy unit. The electrical energy output from the photovoltaic modules, wind turbines, and other green energy units deployed along the line first enters the matching transformer for voltage level adjustment; then, the converter completes the energy conversion between AC and DC and waveform quality control. The processed electrical energy is collected uniformly through the collector wires and fed into the green energy bus via the collector feeder. Since the green energy bus is connected to the rails, the current in the power generation circuit also returns through the rails, ensuring that the electrical energy from the green energy unit connected to the bus can be smoothly delivered to the traction power supply system.

[0034] Through the aforementioned dual-circuit design, the traction load power supply circuit and the green power generation circuit are coupled on the same busbar. The electrical energy required by the train can be supplied either from the overhead contact line or from the green power generation device on the collector line, achieving unified coordination of electrical energy on the busbar. This not only realizes the local consumption and efficient utilization of new energy sources but also effectively reduces dependence on traditional traction substations, further enhancing the greenness and self-regulation of railway traction power supply.

[0035] Preferably, multiple green energy devices are evenly arranged on the collector line, each green energy device sequentially including a first matching transformer, a first converter, and a green energy unit; the green energy unit is a renewable energy module; the first matching transformer is used to match and adjust the voltage output of the green energy unit; the first converter is used to convert the electrical energy output by the green energy unit into AC electrical energy consistent with the green energy bus; the monitoring and control device communicates bidirectionally with the control terminals of the first converter and the green energy unit through optical fiber; under power generation conditions, the monitoring and control device controls the green energy unit to operate at maximum power, and simultaneously controls the first converter to adjust the active power and reactive power to keep its AC side power factor at 1; under emergency conditions, the monitoring and control device controls the green energy unit to stop power generation and sets the output power of the first converter to 0.

[0036] In this embodiment of the invention, each green energy device is constructed according to a uniform structure, sequentially including a first matching transformer, a first converter, and a green energy unit. The green energy unit can specifically be a photovoltaic module, a wind turbine generator, or other renewable energy module, and its output power form and voltage level exhibit fluctuations and variations. To achieve effective grid connection with the green energy bus, the output of the green energy unit first undergoes voltage adjustment via the first matching transformer to match the rated voltage level of the collector line, thereby ensuring stable energy transmission. Subsequently, the power enters the first converter, whose function is to convert DC to AC or to perform waveform shaping on the AC power to ensure that the frequency, voltage, and phase of the output power are consistent with those of the green energy bus.

[0037] To achieve precise control, the control terminals of each primary converter and green energy unit are connected to the monitoring and control device via optical fiber for bidirectional communication. This ensures real-time communication and anti-interference capabilities, while also facilitating centralized scheduling by the monitoring and control device. During power generation, the monitoring and control device issues operating commands to control each green energy unit to operate at maximum capacity, fully utilizing renewable energy resources. Simultaneously, the monitoring and control device adjusts the control strategy of the primary converter to stabilize its active power output and manages the power factor by adjusting reactive power injection, thereby ensuring the power factor on the AC side of the converter remains at 1. This control method avoids problems such as power quality degradation and excessive reactive power consumption, ensuring the stability of the green energy bus voltage.

[0038] In case of emergency, such as a fault in the green power unit, abnormal external grid voltage, or the need for rapid disconnection of power generation, the monitoring and control device will immediately issue a control command to stop the green power unit from generating electricity and simultaneously reduce the output power of the first converter to zero, ensuring that the branch is completely taken out of operation. This measure can effectively prevent abnormal current backflow or fluctuations from propagating to the green energy bus, avoiding affecting the overall stability of traction power supply.

[0039] In one preferred embodiment, the power supply range of the green energy substation adjacent to the traction substation ends at the section switch at the exit of the traction substation.

[0040] A sectionalizer is connected in series with the contact wire at the outlets of SS1 and SS2 of the traction substation, using the GS substation of the green energy substation as an example. i For example, where i=1, ..., n, n≥1, the green energy substation GS i A section switch is connected in series with the contact wire at the outlet, using the GS green energy substation. i The power supply zones on the left and right sides are divided by the section divider at the outlet, forming the GS section of this green energy substation. i The power supply range of the adjacent green energy substations is continuous and does not overlap.

[0041] Among them, the power supply range of the green energy substation GS1, which is adjacent to traction substation SS1, ends at the section switch at the outlet of traction substation SS1; the power supply range of the green energy substation GS1, which is adjacent to traction substation SS2, is as follows: n The power supply range ends at the sectionalizer at the SS2 outlet of the traction substation.

[0042] Understandably, following this logic, the power supply range of Green Energy Substation GS1 includes the left and right power supply sections of Green Energy Substation GS1. The left power supply section of Green Energy Substation GS1 starts at the section switch at the exit of traction substation SS1 and ends at the section switch at the exit of Green Energy Substation GS1. The right power supply section of Green Energy Substation GS1 is continuous with and does not overlap with the left power supply section of the next Green Energy Substation GS2, ..., Green Energy Substation GS... i-1Right-side power supply zone and Green Energy Substation GS i The power supply zones on the left are continuous and do not overlap; Green Energy Substation GS i Right-side power supply zone and Green Energy Substation GS i+1 The power supply zones on the left are continuous and do not overlap, ..., Green Energy Substation GS n The power supply range includes the GS green energy substation. n Left power supply zone and right power supply zone, Green Energy Substation GS n The power supply zone on the left is the same as the previous green energy substation GS. n-1 The power supply zones on the right are continuous and do not overlap; GS Green Energy Substation n The right-side power supply zone starts from the Green Energy Substation GS. n The exit section switch terminates at the SS2 exit section switch of the traction substation.

[0043] like Figure 2 As shown, each power supply zone is equipped with at least one sectionalizing station. The left power supply zone is equipped with sectionalizing stations 1, ..., i1, and the right power supply zone is equipped with sectionalizing stations 1, ..., i2, where i1≥1 and i2≥1. A sectionalizing device is connected in series with the contact wire at the outlet of the sectionalizing station. The area between two adjacent sectionalizing devices constitutes a segment. A sectionalizing busbar is installed in the sectionalizing station, and a first voltage transformer is installed on the sectionalizing busbar. Two network cables are led out from the sectionalizing busbar and connected to the contact wires at both ends of the sectionalizing device at the outlet of the sectionalizing station. The network cables are connected in series with a first current transformer. The contact wires within the power supply range of the green energy substation are supplied with power in segments through the sectionalizing stations, and the train passes through the sectionalizing devices without interruption of power supply.

[0044] As a preferred implementation method, the green energy substation GS i No traction transformer is installed inside the GS Green Energy Substation. i Internal green energy busbar GB i Green Energy Busbar GB i via green energy feeder FP i1 FP i2 It is connected to the overhead contact line.

[0045] As a preferred implementation method, in the GS green energy substation i Within the power supply range, the GS green energy substation i The green energy feeder FP is divided into left and right sides by the segmenter at the outlet. i1 FP i2 Green Energy Busbar GB i Through the green energy feeder FP on the left i1 Power is supplied to the left-side power supply zone via the right-side green energy feeder FP. i2 Power is supplied to the right-side power supply zone.

[0046] As a preferred implementation method, the green energy substation GSi Set up two collector wires, GL on the left and right. i1 GL i2 Left-side collector GL i1 Several green power devices GPG1, ..., GPG are installed on the left side. i1 GL right-side collector wire i2 Several right-side green power devices GPG1, ..., GPG are installed on the top. i2 On the left, green power devices GPG1, ..., GPG i1 via the left collector wire GL i1 and the left-side collector feeder FP i3 Towards Green Energy Busbar GB i Power generation, green electricity devices GPG1, ..., GPG on the right. i2 via the right-side collector wire GL i2 and right-side collector feeder FP i4 Towards Green Energy Busbar GB i Power generation.

[0047] Preferably, the energy storage device includes a second matching transformer, a second converter, and an energy storage unit connected in series; the energy storage unit is a chargeable and dischargeable energy storage element; the second matching transformer is used to match the voltage level between the energy storage unit and the green energy bus; the second converter is used to regulate active power and reactive power and realize bidirectional energy flow; the output terminal of the measurement and control device is connected to the control terminal of the second converter and the energy storage unit to dynamically adjust the charging and discharging power of the energy storage unit according to the voltage and current of the green energy bus, so that the combined power of the green energy bus is always within the preset power range.

[0048] In this embodiment of the invention, the energy storage device comprises a second matching transformer, a second converter, and an energy storage unit connected in series. The energy storage unit uses energy storage elements with reversible charge-discharge characteristics, such as large-capacity battery packs, supercapacitors, or other electrochemical units capable of rapid energy absorption and release. To ensure that the voltage level between the energy storage unit and the green energy bus is consistent and that it can be safely connected, the energy storage unit first undergoes voltage transformation and isolation through the second matching transformer. This transformer not only serves as a voltage matcher but also provides a certain degree of electrical isolation during operation, reducing the risk of electrical fluctuations on the bus side directly affecting the energy storage unit.

[0049] Furthermore, the transmission of the matched electrical energy needs to be further regulated by the second converter. The second converter has bidirectional conversion capabilities, enabling it to convert the electrical energy on the green energy bus side into a form suitable for absorption by the energy storage unit during charging, and simultaneously shaping the DC or low-quality AC energy released by the energy storage unit into AC power output consistent with the green energy bus during discharging. Through precise control of active power, the second converter can compensate for or absorb energy based on the difference between the current traction load and the generating power; through regulation of reactive power, it can stabilize the voltage level of the green energy bus and improve the power factor, reducing power quality problems caused by instantaneous fluctuations.

[0050] The monitoring and control device establishes a direct signal connection with the control terminals of the second converter and the energy storage unit, enabling real-time monitoring of the voltage and current status of the green energy bus. When insufficient power generation is detected, the monitoring and control device issues a discharge command, controlling the second converter to drive the energy storage unit to release electrical energy to maintain the required traction load. When power generation exceeds the demand, the monitoring and control device issues a charging command, controlling the second converter to adjust the power flow direction and introduce excess electrical energy into the energy storage unit for storage. The entire adjustment process is dynamic and continuous, ensuring that the combined power of the green energy bus remains within the preset power range, preventing power backfeeding or large fluctuations.

[0051] As a preferred implementation method, the green energy busbar GB i via energy storage feeder FP i5 With energy storage devices ES i Connected; Green energy substations are equipped with monitoring and control devices (PCs). i PC (Control and Measurement Device) i Output terminal and energy storage device ES i The control terminal is connected, and via fiber optic FO to the left collector cable GL. i1 Several green electrical devices on the left side, GPG1, ..., GPG i1 and the right-side collector wire GL i2 Several green electrical devices on the left side, GPG1, ..., GPG i2 The control terminal is connected.

[0052] As a preferred implementation method, the green energy busbar GB i A second voltage transformer YH is installed on top. i Left-side green energy feeder FP i1 Right-side green energy feeder FP i2 Left-side collector feeder FP i3 Right-side collector feeder FP i4 FP energy storage feeder i5 The second current transformer LH is connected in series respectively. i1 LH i2 LH i3 LHi4 LH i5 Measurement and control device PC i The input terminal is connected to the second voltage transformer YH i Second current transformer LH i1 LH i2 LH i3 LH i4 LH i5 The measuring terminal is connected; the second voltage transformer YH i Used for collecting GB data on green energy busbars i Voltage information, second current transformer LH i1 LH i2 LH i3 LH i4 LH i5 Used to collect data from the left green energy feeder FP. i1 Right-side green energy feeder FP i2 Left-side collector feeder FP i3 Right-side collector feeder FP i4 FP energy storage feeder i5 Current information.

[0053] In one preferred embodiment, a segment is defined as the space between two adjacent segmenters, and the measurement and control device PC... i Calculate the traction load power of each segment, and sum them to obtain the GS of the green energy substation. i The total traction load power within the power supply range is then measured and calculated for the left-side collector feeder FP. i3 and right-side collector feeder FP i4 The total power generation capacity is ultimately controlled by the GS green energy substation. i The charging and discharging power of the energy storage device ESi enables the GS green energy substation to achieve high efficiency. i Within the power supply area, the power generation, power consumption and energy storage power are balanced, and the power is not obtained from the traction substations that run through one or both sides of the contact network.

[0054] Preferably, the energy storage devices and green energy devices configured in the green energy substation are all reserved with redundant capacity according to the train operation organization requirements (for example, 50% standby); when some green energy devices or energy storage units fail or are taken out of operation, the standby capacity is automatically compensated to maintain the power balance of the corresponding section within the power supply range.

[0055] In this embodiment of the invention, the rated capacity of the energy storage unit and the installed capacity of the green energy unit do not exactly match the theoretical value of the traction load. Instead, an additional reserve ratio is added to cope with fluctuations and abnormal situations during operation. When a portion of the green energy devices stops generating electricity due to environmental factors, equipment maintenance, or sudden failure, the reserved energy storage capacity will respond immediately, discharging to compensate for the generation gap, thereby avoiding traction power supply interruption. Similarly, when some energy storage units are taken out of operation due to lifespan decay or protection action, the electricity generated by the redundantly configured green energy units will be dispatched to fill the energy storage gap and maintain the overall power supply and demand balance.

[0056] The core of this redundancy mechanism lies in "dual protection," meaning that both the generation and storage ends possess redundancy capabilities, complementing each other. Through real-time scheduling by the monitoring and control device, redundant units can quickly take over the load of decommissioned units, achieving seamless switching and ensuring the continuity of power supply across the overhead contact line. This measure effectively improves the reliability and resilience of the power supply system, enabling it to withstand the risk of widespread power outages caused by single-point failures. Simultaneously, the redundancy capacity also creates conditions for increasing the proportion of green energy integration, allowing trains to maintain stable operation even with a large-scale reliance on renewable energy, achieving the dual technical effects of improving power supply security and promoting green energy consumption.

[0057] As a preferred implementation method, such as Figure 2 As shown, the self-regulating green energy power supply system also includes steel rails, with the overhead contact line and steel rails forming the train power supply circuit; the collector wires and steel rails form the green energy device power generation circuit.

[0058] As a preferred embodiment, the green energy device GPG i2 For example, green energy devices GPG i2 Includes a first matching transformer, a first converter, and a green electricity unit connected in series, and a monitoring and control device PC. i The output terminal is connected to the control terminal of the first converter and the green power unit via optical fiber FO. Under power generation conditions, it is used to control the green power unit to generate power at maximum capacity, control the active power and reactive power of the first converter, and make the AC power factor of the first converter 1. Under emergency conditions, it is used to control the green power unit to stop generating power, and the output power of the first converter is 0.

[0059] Preferably, when the overhead contact line is under no-load operation, the monitoring and control device receives voltage information from the traction busbars of one or both traction substations, and controls the second converter in the energy storage device based on the voltage information, so that the green energy busbar voltage is equal to the traction busbar voltage; wherein, when a traction substation is set on only one side, the green energy busbar voltage is equal to the traction busbar voltage on that side; when traction substations are set on both sides, the green energy busbar voltage is equal to the traction busbar voltage on one side determined according to a preset voltage selection rule.

[0060] In this embodiment of the invention, when the overhead contact line is not under traction load, the monitoring and control device receives voltage information from the traction busbars of one or both traction substations in real time and inputs this voltage as a reference signal into the control logic. Based on this, the monitoring and control device issues an adjustment command to the second converter in the energy storage device, changing the output voltage amplitude and phase of the second converter to ensure that the voltage of the green energy busbar is consistent with the voltage of the traction busbar. If there is only one traction substation, the voltage of that side is used as the sole reference to ensure that the voltage of the green energy busbar is strictly equal to the voltage of the traction busbar on that side. When traction substations are set on both sides, the voltage of the green energy busbar is consistent with the voltage of the traction busbar on the side closer to the green energy substation to avoid circulating current caused by voltage differences between the two buses.

[0061] This voltage matching strategy ensures that the through-line will not experience voltage drift or instability under no-load conditions. The energy storage device can play a role in reactive power regulation, keeping the busbar at the same potential level as the traction power supply. This not only ensures that the train can smoothly draw power when reconnecting to the contact line, avoiding traction equipment shocks caused by voltage surges, but also maintains the electrical compatibility and power quality of the through-line.

[0062] Preferably, when the through-contact network is under no-load operation and traction substations are set on both sides, the measurement and control device simultaneously receives voltage information from the traction buses on both sides to determine whether the crossing power of the through-contact network flows from the left traction substation to the right traction substation or from the right traction substation to the left traction substation; based on the determined power flow direction, the device selects the green energy substation closest to the traction substation on the power inflow side, and controls the energy storage device of the corresponding green energy substation to absorb the crossing power, thereby eliminating cross-regional power exchange.

[0063] In this embodiment of the invention, slight differences in voltage amplitude or phase between the two traction buses can cause current to flow across zones in the contact network, resulting in cross-zone power. To avoid this unnecessary energy exchange, the monitoring and control device simultaneously receives voltage information from both the left and right traction buses and determines the power flow direction by comparing the voltage phasors on both sides, i.e., whether the current flows from left to right or from right to left. Once the power flow direction is identified, the device further selects the green energy substation closest to the traction substation on the power inflow side and utilizes its energy storage device to perform absorption operations. By controlling the operating state of its second converter, the excess cross-zone power is converted into charging power for the energy storage unit, ensuring that the energy transmitted across zones is absorbed locally and does not continue to flow to the other traction substation.

[0064] Preferably, when the through contact network is in an unloaded condition, the monitoring and control device controls the operation of the green power device on the collector line to ensure that the voltage of the collector line is consistent with the voltage of the through contact network; at the same time, it controls the charging and discharging state of the energy storage device to ensure that the voltage of the energy storage feeder is consistent with the voltage of the through contact network.

[0065] In this embodiment of the invention, the monitoring and control device issues operating commands to each green energy device on the collector line, ensuring that the output voltage of the green energy device, after being regulated by a matching transformer and converter, maintains consistency in voltage amplitude and phase with the voltage across the contact network. This eliminates the potential difference between the collector line and the contact network, avoiding the circulating current risk caused by voltage deviation, and ensuring that the green energy devices remain in a controllable grid-connected state even under no-load conditions. Secondly, the monitoring and control device adjusts the second converter of the energy storage device based on the real-time voltage of the contact network, dynamically controlling the charging or discharging of the energy storage unit to ensure complete alignment between the energy storage feeder voltage and the voltage across the contact network. This process not only ensures a smooth transition of the energy storage device to standby mode but also provides a voltage buffer for the subsequent connection of loads to the contact network.

[0066] Preferably, within the power supply range of the green energy substation, the left and right green energy feeders are divided by the section divider at the outlet of the green energy substation. The green energy busbar supplies power to the left power supply zone through the left green energy feeder and to the right power supply zone through the right green energy feeder. The green energy substation is equipped with two collector lines, left and right. Multiple left-side green energy devices are installed on the left collector line and connected to the green energy busbar via the left collector feeder. Multiple right-side green energy devices are installed on the right collector line and connected to the green energy busbar via the right collector feeder. A voltage transformer is installed on the green energy busbar, and a current transformer is connected in series with each feeder. The input terminal of the measurement and control device is connected to the measuring terminals of the voltage transformer and the current transformer, respectively, to collect the voltage information of the green energy busbar and the current information of the left and right feeders and the energy storage feeder in real time.

[0067] In the embodiment of the present invention, the green energy busbar supplies power to the left power supply zone through the left green energy feeder and to the right power supply zone through the right green energy feeder at the same time, thus realizing the zonal and symmetric layout of the power supply path. To ensure the balance of the power sources in each zone, two independent collector lines are configured in the green energy substation. A plurality of left green power devices are evenly arranged on the left collector line, and these devices are connected to the green energy busbar after being converged through the left collector feeder; a plurality of right green power devices are arranged on the right collector line and are connected to the green energy busbar after being converged through the right collector feeder. Through this left-right symmetric configuration method, the flexibility and expandability of green energy access can be effectively improved, enabling the green power resources in different zones to be incorporated into the busbar nearby and directly participate in the power supply balance.

[0068] In the electrical monitoring and control link, a voltage transformer is set on the green energy busbar to collect key information such as the amplitude and phase of the busbar voltage in real time; at the same time, current transformers are connected in series on each feeder line, which can continuously monitor the current data of the left and right green energy feeders and the energy storage feeder. All these measurement signals are sent to the input end of the measurement and control device, providing basic data support for its subsequent power calculation and control decision-making. Through this configuration, the busbar voltage level and the current distribution of each zone feeder can be grasped at the same time, so as to accurately calculate the zonal power, judge the power flow direction, and evaluate the energy storage charge and discharge demand.

[0069] The power supply range is divided into left and right zones, which shortens the power supply radius and makes the energy transmission path more reasonable, thus reducing the line loss and voltage drop. Secondly, the left-right symmetric arrangement of the collector lines and green power devices improves the flexibility of green power resource access. Even if a fault occurs in one side's collector line, the other side can still maintain the power supply continuity. Through the measurement network composed of the voltage transformer and the current transformer, the real-time monitoring of the busbar voltage and the current of each feeder can be realized, enabling the measurement and control device to quickly respond to the changes in the operating state and ensuring the accuracy and timeliness of the power balance control. This zonal power supply structure also reserves interface space for the subsequent expansion of other green power devices or energy storage units, enhancing the scalability and long-term adaptability of the overall solution.

[0070] In a specific implementation manner, a sectionalizer is connected in series to the catenary at the exit of the green energy substation. Taking the sectionalizer at the exit of the green energy substation as the boundary, the left and right power supply zones are divided to form the power supply range of the green energy substation. The power supply ranges of adjacent green energy substations are continuous and do not overlap.

[0071] As a preferred implementation manner, the energy storage device ES iIt includes a second matching transformer, a second converter, and an energy storage unit connected in series. The output terminal of the measurement and control device is connected to the control terminals of the second converter and the energy storage unit to control the active and reactive power of the second converter and the charging and discharging of the energy storage unit, so that the green energy bus GB i The complex power is 0.

[0072] As a preferred implementation method, the green energy substation GS i Internal energy storage device ES i The green power supply is set up with a backup according to the train operation organization requirements, preferably with a 50% backup.

[0073] As a preferred implementation method, when the through-line contact network is under no-load operation, the GS green energy substation... i PC (Control and Measurement Device) i Based on the voltage information of the traction bus transmitted via fiber optic FO, the second converter is controlled to ensure that the voltage of the green energy bus meets the following requirements: When a traction substation is installed on the side connected to the contact network, the green energy bus GB... i The voltage of the busbar is equal to that of the traction busbar. When traction substations are set up on both sides of the through-contact contact network, the green energy busbar GB... i The voltage is equal to the voltage of the traction busbar of one of the two traction substations.

[0074] As a preferred implementation method, when the through-line contact network is under no-load operation, the GS green energy substation... i PC (Control and Measurement Device) i Control the green electricity devices on the collector wires to ensure that the voltage of the collector wires matches the voltage of the overhead contact network, and control the energy storage device ES. i , enabling the energy storage feeder FP i5 The voltage is consistent with the voltage of the through contact network.

[0075] As a preferred implementation, when the traction network is under no-load operation and the green energy substations HS1, ..., HS i , ..., HS n When traction substations SS1 and SS2 are set on both sides, the monitoring and control devices PC1, ..., PC i ... PC n Based on the voltage information of the traction busbars of traction substations SS1 and SS2 transmitted via optical fiber, the flow direction of the traversing power through the traction network between traction substations SS1 and SS2 is determined: if the traversing power through the traction network flows from traction substation SS1 to traction substation SS2, the green energy substation HS, which is closest to traction substation SS2, is the most suitable for this flow. n PC (Control and Measurement Device) n The power required to cross the traction network is controlled by its energy storage device ES. nAbsorption; if the power passing through the traction network flows from traction substation SS2 to traction substation SS1, the monitoring and control device PC1 of the green energy substation HS1, which is closest to traction substation SS1, controls the power passing through the traction network to be absorbed by its energy storage device ES1.

[0076] As a preferred implementation method, for any green energy substation GS i Assuming the power flowing into the green energy bus is positive, and using TP... i For the i-th green energy substation GS i The left green energy feeder FP i1 Right-side green energy feeder FP i2 The algebraic sum of active power; where TP i >0 indicates a green energy substation GS i Under regeneration conditions, the maximum modulus is denoted as TP. iRmax TP i <0 indicates that the green energy substation GS i Under traction conditions, the maximum modulus is denoted as TP. iRmax TP i =0 indicates that the green energy substation GS i Under no-load conditions; with GP i For the i-th green energy substation GS i Left-side collector feeder FP i3 Right-side collector feeder FP i4 The algebraic sum of active power, with the maximum modulus denoted as GP. imax The energy storage device ES of the i-th green energy substation i Power S ESi The maximum power demand under traction and regenerative braking conditions should be taken, that is, satisfying: S ESi =max(TP iTmax GP imax +TP iRmax ).

[0077] As a preferred implementation, when any green energy substation GS i When all green energy substations are taken out of operation, the GS of the out-of-operation green energy substations will be shared by the adjacent green energy substations. i The power supply range.

[0078] In another possible implementation, a dynamic spectrum modulation harmonic suppression device is introduced between the overhead contact line and the green energy busbar. This device monitors the busbar voltage and current waveforms in real time at the green energy substation, compares the results with preset power quality standards, identifies harmonic components in specific frequency bands, and then uses a programmable filter bank to dynamically correct the modulation waveform of the inverter stage. Unlike traditional methods that rely on fixed filters for harmonic suppression, this method achieves precise suppression of multi-band harmonics caused by different green energy devices during multi-source grid connection through "spectrum tracking + parameter self-adjustment". Furthermore, this harmonic suppression device can work in conjunction with the reactive power regulation function of the energy storage unit, suppressing harmonics while maintaining voltage support, ensuring that the green energy busbar maintains a long-term state of excellent power quality.

[0079] This implementation not only solves the problems of complex harmonic distribution and easy failure of traditional filtering devices when multiple green energy devices are connected to the grid, but also enhances the adaptive capability of the power supply system to power quality disturbances. In the railway traction power supply scenario, this dynamic spectrum modulation control can effectively reduce the interference of harmonic currents on traction motors and control devices, improve equipment life and operational safety, and also provide a guarantee for the high proportion of green energy access.

[0080] In another possible implementation, a thermoelectric coupling buffer module based on phase change materials can be introduced between the energy storage unit and the green energy bus. This module, by configuring a phase change material with high specific heat capacity on the outside of the energy storage device and embedding a thermoelectric conversion unit, allows the heat generated by the energy storage unit during frequent high-power charging and discharging to be absorbed by the phase change material and released as latent heat during the phase change process. This prevents the energy storage unit from triggering derating operation due to rapid temperature rise. Simultaneously, the embedded thermoelectric conversion unit can convert some of the thermal energy into DC electrical energy, which is fed back to the energy storage side via a DC combiner interface, providing energy support for monitoring and auxiliary power.

[0081] This thermoelectric coupling module, combined with the power regulation logic of the green energy bus, can provide additional thermal management protection when traction loads surge and energy storage units require rapid high-current release, keeping energy storage performance at its optimal level and extending the lifespan of the electrochemical unit. Furthermore, by utilizing energy in a secondary form, it can also improve overall energy efficiency.

[0082] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of a self-regulating green energy interconnected power supply method according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 As shown, this invention provides a self-regulating green energy power supply method, the method comprising: Step S10: Obtain the voltage and current information of each segment of the through contact network to determine the traction load power of the through contact network, and use the algebraic sum of the power of each segment as the total traction load power within the power supply range of the green energy substation.

[0083] Specifically, voltage and current transformers are installed at each section of the overhead contact line to collect instantaneous voltage and current signals, respectively. After synchronous sampling and digitization, the collected voltage and current data can be used to calculate the instantaneous power of that section. The power calculation employs a complex power algorithm, which obtains the active and reactive power components by multiplying the voltage and current phasors. Within the entire overhead contact line, the power results from all sections are algebraically summed to obtain the total traction load power required for train operation within that power supply section. Since multiple trains may exist simultaneously in different sections, the calculation results accurately reflect the instantaneous load situation of the entire area. This segmented measurement and summarization method avoids errors caused by single-point measurements, ensures the accuracy of load assessment, and provides a reliable basis for subsequent power balance and energy storage regulation.

[0084] Step S20: Obtain the voltage information of the green energy bus and the current information of the collector feeder, calculate the power generation of the collector feeder, and use the algebraic sum of the power of each collector feeder as the total power generation within the power supply range of the green energy substation.

[0085] Specifically, voltage transformers are installed on the green energy bus to collect voltage signals in real time, and current transformers are connected in series on each collector feeder connected to the green energy bus to collect feeder current data. By obtaining the amplitude and phase information of the bus voltage and feeder current, the active power of each feeder can be calculated using the power formula P=U×I×cosφ. If necessary, the reactive component Q=U×I×sinφ can also be combined for a complete complex power calculation. Since each collector feeder corresponds to a group of green energy devices, the power of a single feeder represents the real-time power generation level of that group of green energy devices. By algebraically summing the power generation of all collector feeders, the total power generation within the power supply range of the entire green energy substation can be obtained. This method can dynamically reflect the overall output of photovoltaic, wind power, and other green energy devices along the line, ensuring the data foundation for power supply balance scheduling. This calculation method balances real-time performance and accuracy, enabling a tight closed loop between power visualization and control strategies at the green energy generation end.

[0086] Step S30: Based on the difference between the total traction load power and the total power generation, control the charging and discharging power of the energy storage device to maintain a balance between the power generation, power consumption and energy storage within the power supply range of the green energy substation.

[0087] Specifically, when the calculated total traction load power exceeds the total power generation, it indicates a power deficit. In this case, the energy storage device needs to be controlled to discharge from its energy storage unit to release electrical energy to compensate for the load difference. The control method is as follows: the monitoring and control device sends a command to the second converter to adjust its DC side and the power output of the energy storage unit, so that the AC side is connected in parallel with the green energy bus to ensure that the bus voltage does not drop. When the total traction load power is less than the total power generation, it indicates that the green energy output is excessive. In this case, the energy storage device is controlled to enter charging mode to absorb the excess power and prevent the green energy bus voltage from rising too quickly. At the same time, the ratio of active power to reactive power is adjusted by the second converter to keep the combined power of the green energy bus within the preset balance range, avoiding reactive power surges that affect power quality. Throughout the entire adjustment process, the charging and discharging power of the energy storage device forms a dynamic matching relationship with the traction load power and the green energy generation power, thereby achieving real-time balance among power generation, power consumption, and energy storage, and achieving the autonomous operation target of the power supply section.

[0088] In one possible implementation, the measurement and control device calculates the traction load power of each segment and adds them together to obtain the total traction load power within the power supply range of the Green Energy Substation. This includes: for any segment within the power supply range of the Green Energy Substation, obtaining the first-end current phasor and first-end voltage phasor, and the last-end current phasor and last-end voltage phasor of the segment through the first voltage transformer and first current transformer of each segment, as well as the second voltage transformer and second current transformer of the Green Energy Substation. The current phasor difference of the segment = first-end current phasor - last-end current phasor. The expected value of the voltage at both ends of the segment = (effective value of the first-end voltage phasor + effective value of the last-end voltage phasor) ÷ 2. The traction load power of the segment = current phasor difference of the segment × expected value of the voltage at both ends of the segment. The algebraic sum of the traction load power of all segments within the power supply range of the Green Energy Substation is the total traction load power.

[0089] The measurement and control device measures and calculates the total power generation of the collector feeders, including: collecting voltage information of the green energy bus via the second voltage transformer on the green energy bus; collecting current information of the left collector feeder via the second current transformer connected in series with the left collector feeder; collecting current information of the right collector feeder via the second current transformer connected in series with the right collector feeder; calculating the power generation of the left collector feeder based on the voltage information of the green energy bus and the current information of the left collector feeder; calculating the power generation of the right collector feeder based on the voltage information of the green energy bus and the current information of the right collector feeder; and the algebraic sum of the power generation of the left and right collector feeders is the total traction load power of the collector feeders.

[0090] The monitoring and control device controls the charging and discharging power of the energy storage device in the green energy substation, so that the power generation, power consumption and energy storage power within the power supply range of the green energy substation are balanced, and the power is not obtained from the traction substations that run through one or both sides of the contact network. This includes controlling the total traction load power, the total power generation power of the collector feeder and the charging and discharging power of the energy storage device within the power supply range of the green energy substation, and the algebraic sum of these three factors is 0.

[0091] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a program instructing related hardware. This program is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a microcontroller, chip, or processor to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as a USB flash drive, a portable hard drive, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

[0092] The optional embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the specific details described above. Within the scope of the technical concept of the embodiments of the present invention, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the embodiments of the present invention. It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. To avoid unnecessary repetition, the embodiments of the present invention will not further describe the various possible combinations.

[0093] Furthermore, various different embodiments of the present invention can be combined in any way, as long as they do not violate the spirit of the embodiments of the present invention, they should also be regarded as the content disclosed by the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-regulating green energy continuous power supply system, characterized in that, The self-regulating green energy interconnected power supply system includes: It connects the overhead contact line, traction substation, green energy substation, collector wires, and energy storage devices; The traction substation includes a traction transformer connected to a three-phase power grid. The traction substation is independently located at any one or both ends of the through contact network and is used to provide voltage support for the through contact network. The green energy substation does not have a traction transformer connected to the three-phase power grid. The green energy substation is equipped with a green energy busbar. The green energy busbar is connected to the through contact network via a green energy feeder, connected to the collector line via a collector feeder, and connected to the energy storage device via an energy storage feeder. Multiple green energy devices are installed on the collector wire, and the green energy devices generate electricity to the green energy bus via the collector wire; A sectioner is connected in series on the through contact wire at the outlet of the green energy substation. The left and right power supply zones are divided by the sectioner, which constitute the power supply range of the green energy substation. The power supply ranges of adjacent green energy substations are continuous and do not overlap. The green energy substation is equipped with a monitoring and control device, the output of which is connected to the control terminal of the energy storage device and the control terminal of the green energy device on the collector line; wherein... Each green energy device sequentially includes a first matching transformer, a first converter, and a green energy unit; the green energy unit is a renewable energy module; the first matching transformer is used to match and adjust the voltage output of the green energy unit; the first converter is used to convert the electrical energy output by the green energy unit into AC electrical energy consistent with the green energy bus; the monitoring and control device communicates bidirectionally with the control terminals of the first converter and the green energy unit via optical fiber; under power generation conditions, the monitoring and control device controls the green energy unit to operate at maximum power, while simultaneously controlling the first converter to adjust the active and reactive power to keep its AC power factor at 1; under emergency conditions, the monitoring and control device controls the green energy unit to stop power generation and controls the output power of the first converter to be 0; The measurement and control device is used to control the charging and discharging power of the energy storage device according to the traction load power of the through contact network and the power generation power of the collector feeder, so as to keep the power generation, power consumption and energy storage power within the power supply range of the green energy substation in balance, and under normal operating conditions, not to obtain power from the traction substations on one or both sides of the through contact network.

2. The self-regulating green energy interconnected power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The through-line contact network and the railway rails together form the traction power supply circuit for train operation. The train's pantograph obtains electrical energy through the overhead contact line, which is then converted into traction power by the traction motor and flows back to the green energy busbar via the railway rails, thus forming a closed circuit. The collector wire and the railway rail together form the power generation circuit of the green electricity device; The green energy device transmits the generated electricity to the green energy bus via a collector wire through a matching transformer and converter, and completes the power feedback through a rail circuit.

3. The self-regulating green energy interconnected power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy storage device includes a second matching transformer, a second converter, and an energy storage unit connected in series. The energy storage unit is a rechargeable and dischargeable energy storage element; The second matching transformer is used to match the voltage levels between the energy storage unit and the green energy bus. The second converter is used to regulate active power and reactive power and realize bidirectional energy flow; The output terminal of the measurement and control device is connected to the control terminal of the second converter and the energy storage unit to dynamically adjust the charging and discharging power of the energy storage unit according to the voltage and current of the green energy bus, so that the combined power of the green energy bus is always within the preset power range.

4. The self-regulating green energy interconnected power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy storage devices and green energy devices configured in the green energy substation all have reserved redundant capacity according to the train operation organization requirements. When some green energy devices or energy storage units fail or are taken out of service, the backup capacity will automatically compensate to maintain the power balance of the corresponding section within the power supply range.

5. The self-regulating green energy interconnected power supply system according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the overhead contact line is under no-load operation, the monitoring and control device receives voltage information from the traction busbars of the traction substations on one or both sides of the overhead contact line, and controls the second converter in the energy storage device based on the voltage information to make the green energy busbar voltage equal to the traction busbar voltage; wherein, When a traction substation is installed only on one side of the overhead contact line, the voltage of the green energy busbar is equal to the voltage of the traction busbar on that side. When traction substations are installed on both sides of the through-line contact network, the green energy bus voltage is equal to the traction bus voltage on one side determined according to the preset voltage selection rules.

6. The self-regulating green energy interconnected power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the through contact network is in an unloaded condition and traction substations are set on both sides of the through contact network, the measurement and control device simultaneously receives the voltage information of the traction busbars on both sides of the through contact network to determine whether the crossing power of the through contact network flows from the left traction substation to the right traction substation or from the right traction substation to the left traction substation. The monitoring and control device selects the green energy substation closest to the traction substation on the power inflow side based on the determined power flow direction, and controls the energy storage device of the corresponding green energy substation to absorb the cross-traffic power, so as to eliminate cross-regional power exchange.

7. The self-regulating green energy interconnected power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the through contact network is in an unloaded condition, the measurement and control device controls the operation of the green electricity device on the collector wire to ensure that the voltage of the collector wire is consistent with the voltage of the through contact network. The measurement and control device simultaneously controls the charging and discharging state of the energy storage device, so that the voltage of the energy storage feeder is consistent with the voltage of the through contact network.

8. The self-regulating green energy interconnected power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Within the power supply range of the green energy substation, the green energy feeder is divided into left and right green energy feeders, with the section divider at the outlet of the green energy substation as the boundary. The green energy busbar supplies power to the left power supply zone through the left green energy feeder and supplies power to the right power supply zone through the right green energy feeder. The green energy substation is equipped with two collector lines, left and right. Multiple left-side green energy devices are installed on the left-side collector line and connected to the green energy bus via the left-side collector feeder. Multiple right-side green energy devices are installed on the right-side collector line and connected to the green energy bus via the right-side collector feeder. A voltage transformer is installed on the green energy bus, and a current transformer is connected in series with each feeder. The input terminal of the measurement and control device is connected to the measuring terminals of the voltage transformer and the current transformer respectively, so as to collect the voltage information of the green energy bus and the current information of the green energy feeders and energy storage feeders on the left and right sides in real time.

9. A self-regulating green energy power supply method, characterized in that, The method is implemented based on the self-regulating green energy interconnected power supply system according to any one of claims 1-8, and the method includes: The voltage and current information of each green energy substation segment of the through-contact network is obtained to determine the traction load power of each segment, and the algebraic sum of the traction load power of each segment is used as the total traction load power within the power supply range of the corresponding green energy substation. Obtain the voltage information of the green energy bus and the current information of the collector feeder, calculate the power generation of the collector feeder, and use the algebraic sum of the power generation of each collector feeder as the total power generation within the power supply range of the corresponding green energy substation. Based on the difference between the total traction load power and the total power generation, the charging and discharging power of the energy storage device is controlled to maintain a balance among power generation, power consumption and energy storage within the power supply range of the corresponding green energy substation.

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