Drought-resistant and trample-resistant lawn with repair function and construction method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of greening construction, and relates to a drought-resistant and trample-resistant lawn with a repairing function and a construction method, the construction area is pretreated by soil loosening, and the soil pH value is adjusted; a capillary water guide layer is laid on the soil base, the capillary water guide layer is composed of modified ceramsite, composite slow-release particles are mixed in a planting layer, grass seeds are coated, the grass seeds are soaked in a starch-lignin aqueous solution and dried to form a degradable film layer, the grass seeds are a compound of dog tooth grass, kikuyu grass and bluegrass, the coated grass seeds are scattered on the surface of the planting layer, and a spraying agent containing cellulose nanocrystals is sprayed; a moisture-sensitive degradable coating is sprayed on the surface layer of the grass seeds; after sowing is completed, irrigation is carried out, and hierarchical water supplement and maintenance are carried out according to the soil water content, the present application can effectively accumulate and save soil water, significantly reduce evaporation loss, improve water use efficiency, and enable the lawn to maintain a high survival rate and greenness in a drought environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of greening construction, specifically to a drought-resistant, trampling-resistant lawn with restorative properties and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization and the continuous advancement of ecological environment construction, lawns, as an important component of urban green spaces, sports venues, slope protection projects, and landscaping, play a crucial role in improving air quality, regulating microclimate, preventing soil erosion, and providing recreational spaces. Currently, lawn construction techniques are relatively mature, mainly including methods such as seeding, vegetation strip establishment, turf laying, and large-angle slope establishment. For example, in traditional seeding, rapid turf establishment is usually achieved through soil preparation, fertilization, sowing seeds, and covering with a thin layer of soil; in the laying method, rolled turf is directly used for covering to meet immediate landscape needs. Common grass species include warm-season or cool-season grasses such as bermudagrass, zoysia grass, and Kentucky bluegrass. These grass species have certain cold resistance, drought resistance, and mowing tolerance characteristics, making them suitable for golf courses, football fields, or highway slopes.

[0003] In existing technologies, several improvements have been implemented to enhance the drought resistance and trampling tolerance of lawns. For example, in arid or water-scarce areas, drought-resistant grass species such as *Zoysia japonica* (sand-cultured dwarf Bermuda grass) or *Zoysia japonica* are used. These species have low growing points, strong creeping ability, and can withstand severe trampling and high-temperature, drought conditions. Their growth is maintained through low-maintenance management, such as regular mowing and the application of slow-release fertilizers. Furthermore, some slope protection lawn construction methods involve mixing multiple grass species (such as a combination of bermudagrass and Zoysia japonica) and combining this with soil disinfection and the application of pesticides such as furan to control underground pests and weeds, thereby improving the establishment rate and stability of the lawn. Riprap biofilm technology has also been applied for rapid establishment, achieving uniform coverage and soil and water conservation by laying a seedless vegetated blanket and covering it with a thin layer of soil. Announcement No. CN110637685A discloses a method for mixed planting of two warm-season turfgrasses to improve the trampling resistance of sports field lawns. The method involves laying a mixture of sand, peat, and compound fertilizer on the lawn bed and planting Zoysia japonica and Bermuda grass (75%:25%) together using the direct seeding method to enhance the trampling resistance and recovery ability of the lawn.

[0004] Publication No. CN204849516U discloses a trampling-resistant turf, which includes a bottom reinforced concrete slab, a cement sand layer, a drainage layer and a planting layer, and improves the overall stability and trampling resistance through a multi-layer structural design.

[0005] CN102318483B discloses a method for producing a soilless turf substrate that is resistant to trampling. It uses slag and organic sludge compost as the growth substrate layer, and combines it with woven netting and cool-season turfgrass seeds to achieve the trampling resistance and rapid turf establishment under soilless conditions.

[0006] Announcement No. CN103988684A discloses a method for transplanting and re-laying turf in arid and semi-arid deserts, which adapts to turf establishment in extreme arid environments by selecting drought-resistant grass species and optimizing the transplanting process.

[0007] Announcement No. CN106759104A discloses an ecological slope protection structure and its construction method, which adopts vegetation ecological concrete slope protection, has high strength, large porosity and good freeze-thaw resistance, and is suitable for trampling-resistant slope greening.

[0008] CN118077516A discloses a grass planting device and method for difficult terrain. It is designed for arid regions and uses a special device to achieve precise planting of grass seeds and water management to improve drought resistance.

[0009] In nutrient management and soil improvement, existing technologies have incorporated biochar, slow-release fertilizers, and seed coating. Biochar, a product of organic waste pyrolysis, can adsorb nutrients, improve soil structure, and enhance water retention. It has been used in fertilizer improvement; for example, biochar prepared at 450-500℃ can enhance soil carbon sequestration and plant growth. Slow-release nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers reduce nutrient loss by controlling the release curve (e.g., a low initial release rate) and are often applied in combination with organic fertilizers to improve soil fertility and reduce environmental pollution. Seed coating or coating technologies use starch or modified materials to coat seeds, improving germination rates and stress resistance. In addition, some methods use mulch such as straw, bark, or biodegradable films to suppress dust, retain moisture, and control weeds. These mulch technologies can reduce soil erosion, maintain moisture, and promote crop production, but are mostly used in isolation, such as plastic film to control weed density or infrared transmission films to regulate soil temperature.

[0010] For water management and restoration, existing turfgrass technologies have explored capillary drainage layers and ecological restoration methods. For example, in rooftop greening or sponge city construction, modified expanded clay or vermiculite is used as a substrate layer to form a breathable and impermeable structure, improving soil water retention and drainage. Some methods add hygroscopic materials such as calcium chloride or cross-linked polyacrylamide to the soil to lock in water, but these are mostly limited to specific scenarios such as seedbeds or ecological floating beds. Turfgrass restoration technologies include high-temperature sterilization, biodegradable composting, or planting native plants to restore submerged plant communities to address weed, disease, and soil degradation issues. However, these technologies are often applied independently, such as mulch to prevent rainwater erosion or biodegradable films to accelerate local restoration, but lack systematic integration.

[0011] While existing technologies have made some progress in drought resistance, trampling tolerance, and restoration, significant shortcomings remain: First, drought resistance measures are often simplistic, with traditional methods relying on frequent irrigation, leading to water waste, especially in arid regions with annual rainfall below 500mm. Second, trampling tolerance is limited; lawns are prone to bald patches and root damage after intensive use, resulting in long repair cycles and low efficiency. Third, nutrient release is uneven, with conventional fertilizers easily lost, causing environmental pollution and soil compaction. Fourth, there is a lack of integrated design; existing seed coating, water-conducting layers, and mulching technologies are mostly applied in isolation, failing to synergistically achieve slow water and nutrient release, automatic repair, and humidity response, resulting in poor overall lawn resilience and sustainability. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a lawn construction method that integrates drought resistance, trampling tolerance, and restoration functions to address these problems and improve the ecological benefits and maintenance efficiency of lawns. Summary of the Invention

[0012] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a drought-resistant, trampling-resistant, and restorative lawn and its construction method, which can effectively accumulate and retain soil moisture, significantly reduce evaporation loss, improve water use efficiency, and enable the lawn to maintain a high survival rate and greenness even in arid environments.

[0013] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0014] A method for constructing a drought-resistant, trampling-resistant, and regenerative lawn includes the following steps:

[0015] S1. Loosen and pretreat the soil in the construction area to a thickness of 10–15 cm, and adjust the soil pH value accordingly.

[0016] S2. Lay a capillary water-conducting layer on the soil substrate. The capillary water-conducting layer is composed of modified ceramsite, and its surface is loaded with hygroscopic salts and confined by a lignin-silicon hybrid shell. The thickness is 20–40 mm.

[0017] S3. Incorporate composite slow-release particles into the planting layer. The particles are composed of biochar, clay minerals and natural colloids, and contain slow-release nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and growth-promoting Bacillus.

[0018] S4. The grass seeds are coated by soaking them in a starch-lignin aqueous solution and drying them to form a biodegradable film. The grass seeds are a compound of bermudagrass, zoysia grass and Kentucky bluegrass, and are formulated in a mass ratio of 40:30:30. In areas with an annual rainfall of less than 500 mm, the proportion of bermudagrass is increased to 45:30:25.

[0019] S5. Sow the coated grass seeds on the surface of the planting layer and spray with a spray agent containing cellulose nanocrystals.

[0020] S6. Spray a moisture-sensitive biodegradable coating onto the surface of the grass seeds;

[0021] S7. After sowing, irrigate and maintain the soil by replenishing water in stages according to the soil moisture content.

[0022] The present invention is further configured such that: when the soil pH in the construction area is <6.0, lime is uniformly added to the soil in step S1, the amount added being 1.0–2.0 wt% of the dry weight of the soil;

[0023] When the soil pH is greater than 8.0, sulfur is added evenly to the soil in step S1, with an addition amount of 0.5–1.0 wt% of the soil dry weight.

[0024] The present invention is further configured such that: the coarse particle size of the ceramsite is 8–12 mm, the fine particle size is 4–8 mm, and it is laid in layers at a mass ratio of 70:30, and the thickness of the capillary water-conducting layer is 20–40 mm.

[0025] A transition soil layer with a thickness of 10–15 mm is set between the capillary drainage layer and the planting layer.

[0026] The present invention is further configured such that the ceramsite for loading hygroscopic salt is prepared during pretreatment via the following steps:

[0027] The ceramsite was soaked in a hygroscopic salt solution for 1–2 hours, followed by drying.

[0028] The first step is to dry at 60°C for 30 minutes.

[0029] The second step is to dry at 70°C for 30 minutes.

[0030] The third step is to dry at 80°C for 30 minutes until the moisture content is ≤2%;

[0031] The hygroscopic salt is calcium chloride, and the loading amount of the hygroscopic salt is 1.0–3.0 wt% of the dry weight of the ceramsite. After the hygroscopic salt is loaded, a lignin-silica hybrid shell is coated on the surface of the ceramsite in situ, and the average thickness of the shell is 2–10 μm. The surface of the ceramsite is treated with microporous silica gel for 0.5–2 h before the shell is applied.

[0032] The present invention is further configured such that: in step S3, the composite slow-release particles are prepared by biochar, clay minerals and natural colloids in a certain mass percentage.

[0033] The biochar accounts for 30–60% of the total dry weight of the particles, clay minerals account for 20–50%, natural colloids account for 10–20%, and the average particle size is 0.5–2.0 mm.

[0034] The composite slow-release granules are manufactured using a roller granulation and starch adhesive spraying process. The granulation and drying process involves drying at 60°C for 1 hour, 70°C for 1 hour, 80°C for 1 hour, and 90°C for 30 minutes until the moisture content is ≤5%.

[0035] The mass ratio of the composite slow-release granules to grass seeds is granules:grass seeds = 10:1.

[0036] The present invention is further configured such that: a slow-release nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer is added to the composite slow-release granules, the slow-release fertilizer content being 0.5–5.0 wt% of the total dry weight of the granules, and the slow-release curve is controlled according to the following steps:

[0037] Release mass fraction ≤20% within 0–7 days

[0038] Releases 30–50% of mass fraction within 8–21 days.

[0039] Release mass fraction ≥50% within ≥22 days;

[0040] The composite sustained-release granules contain soluble oligosaccharides, and the amount of oligosaccharides added is 0.2–1.0 wt% of the total dry weight of the granules.

[0041] The proportion of the Bacillus aureus in the compound sustained-release granules is as follows: Furthermore, the amount of oligosaccharides added to the composite particles is 0.5–0.8 wt%.

[0042] The present invention is further configured such that the amount of the composite slow-release particles is set according to soil texture classification:

[0043] For sandy soil, use 12–15 kg / m², spread evenly under the planting layer and then mix with the soil; for loam, use 8–12 kg / m², spread evenly under the planting layer and then mix with the soil.

[0044] Take 5–8 kg / m² of clay soil, spread it evenly under the planting layer, and then mix it with the soil.

[0045] The present invention is further configured such that: the starch-lignin solution used for coating the grass seeds has a solid content of 5–10 wt%, the impregnation time is 10–20 min, and the drying after roller coating or impregnation is carried out according to the following steps:

[0046] The first step is to dry at 40°C for 30 minutes;

[0047] The second step is to dry at 45°C for 30 minutes;

[0048] The third step is to dry at 50°C for 30 minutes;

[0049] The fourth step is to dry at 60°C for 20 minutes;

[0050] The fifth step is to dry at 70°C for 10 minutes to control the coating thickness to 0.1–0.5 mm;

[0051] Nano-silica was added to the grass seed coating solution, with the nano-silica content being 0.1–0.3 wt% of the solid content of the coating solution.

[0052] The present invention is further configured such that: the solid content of the spray agent used in step S5 is cellulose nanocrystals, the total solid content of the spray agent is 0.5–2.0 wt%, and it is applied in stages according to the soil moisture content: when the moisture content of the upper soil layer is <10%, it is sprayed at a concentration of 2.0 wt%;

[0053] When the moisture content is 10–15%, spray at a concentration of 1.0 wt%.

[0054] The moisture-sensitive biodegradable coating is a starch-lignin emulsion film-forming body, with a spraying amount of 0.2–0.4 kg / m², a film thickness of 0.1–0.3 mm, and a pore opening threshold set according to humidity response characteristics.

[0055] When the relative humidity is ≥60%, the target opening degree is ≥50%; when the relative humidity is ≤40%, the target opening degree is ≤20%.

[0056] The degradation cycle of the moisture-sensitive coating is 6–12 weeks, and the degradation rate in the locally mechanically fractured area is controlled according to the following steps:

[0057] The degradation mass fraction is 20-30% within 0-3 days after the first step of rupture.

[0058] The degradation mass fraction is 40-60% within 4-7 days after the second-stage rupture.

[0059] The moisture-sensitive coating is cured by hot air after spraying. The first step is to cure at 35°C for 30 minutes, the second step is to cure at 40°C for 30 minutes, the third step is to cure at 45°C for 30 minutes, the fourth step is to cure naturally at 20°C for 12 hours, the fifth step is to cure naturally at 25°C for 12 hours, and the sixth step is to cure naturally at 30°C for 24 hours.

[0060] The initial irrigation after sowing should be 5–10 mm, and subsequent irrigation should be triggered as follows:

[0061] When the surface soil moisture content is ≤12%, add water for 3–5 mm.

[0062] When the surface soil moisture content is >12% and ≤15%, add water for 2–3 mm.

[0063] A drought-resistant, trampling-resistant, and restorative lawn, comprising, from bottom to top, a soil base layer, a capillary water-conducting layer, a planting layer mixed with composite slow-release particles, and a surface moisture-sensitive biodegradable mulch.

[0064] Compared with the shortcomings of the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0065] By integrating a capillary water-conducting layer (ceramsite loaded with hygroscopic salts), composite slow-release particles (containing water-retaining components), and a moisture-sensitive biodegradable mulch (humidity-responsive regulation), it can effectively accumulate and retain soil moisture, significantly reduce evaporation loss, improve water use efficiency, and enable lawns to maintain a high survival rate and greenness even in arid environments.

[0066] The biochar and clay minerals in the composite slow-release granules of the planting layer help improve soil structure and enhance soil elasticity and compressive strength; the mulched grass seeds produce stronger seedlings with more developed root systems; and a moderate mulch layer provides some physical protection. These factors work together to improve the grassland's tolerance to frequent trampling and reduce damage and bareness.

[0067] The introduction of moisture-sensitive biodegradable mulch can dynamically adjust the microenvironment according to ambient humidity and accelerate degradation when subjected to physical damage. This makes it possible for lawns to achieve a certain degree of self-repair and recovery after local damage through the rapid germination and growth of grass seeds in the underside, reducing the frequency and cost of manual maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0068] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0069] Reference Figure 1 The embodiments of the present invention will be further described below.

[0070] This invention discloses a method for constructing a lawn that is drought-resistant, trampling-resistant, and has a self-repairing function. The method aims to build a lawn that can effectively cope with drought and high-frequency trampling and has a certain self-repairing ability.

[0071] The lawn consists of, from bottom to top, a soil base layer, a capillary drainage layer, a planting layer mixed with composite slow-release particles, and a surface layer of moisture-sensitive biodegradable mulch.

[0072] First step: Pretreatment and pH adjustment of the soil substrate layer in the construction area:

[0073] The existing soil in the construction area should be loosened to a depth of 10–15 cm. The purpose of loosening is to break up soil compaction, increase soil aeration and permeability, and provide a better medium for root growth.

[0074] First, the pH value of the soil in the construction area is tested. If the test results show that the soil pH value is less than 6.0, lime (calcium hydroxide or calcium oxide) needs to be added evenly to the soil to increase its alkalinity. The amount added is 1.0wt%~2.0wt% of the dry weight of the soil.

[0075] When the test results show that the soil pH value is greater than 8.0, in order to reduce the soil alkalinity, sulfur needs to be added evenly to the soil at a rate of 0.5wt% to 1.0wt% of the soil dry weight. The addition of sulfur also needs to be evenly mixed to avoid localized strong acidity.

[0076] Soil pH significantly affects nutrient availability, microbial activity, and grass seed germination and growth. Most turfgrasses thrive in a pH range of 6.0-7.5. Adjusting the pH level can optimize the soil environment, improve the effectiveness of subsequent fertilization and microbial activity, and ultimately promote healthy lawn growth.

[0077] The second step, the construction of the capillary water-conducting layer:

[0078] The capillary aqueduct is one of the core innovative layers of this project. Its design aims to achieve efficient water storage, water conduction, and evaporation regulation functions, thereby effectively alleviating drought stress.

[0079] The capillary water-conducting layer is composed of modified ceramic particles, with hygroscopic salts loaded on its surface and confined and protected by a lignin-silicon hybrid shell.

[0080] Preparation of ceramsite before modification: Ceramsite with good water absorption was selected, with a coarse particle size of 8–12 mm and a fine particle size of 4–8 mm. The ceramsite was layered at a mass ratio of 70:30 (coarse particle size: fine particle size), with coarse ceramsite at the bottom and fine ceramsite on top to form a porous structure with good connectivity. Before loading hygroscopic salts, the ceramsite was treated in microporous silica gel for 0.5–2 hours. Microporous silica gel has a strong adsorption capacity, which can further increase the surface active sites of the ceramsite, providing better conditions for loading hygroscopic salts.

[0081] The treated ceramsite is immersed in a prepared hygroscopic salt (calcium chloride) solution for 1–2 hours. The concentration of the hygroscopic salt solution is determined according to the target moisture absorption and the adsorption capacity of the ceramsite, and is usually 10–20 wt%; the loading of the hygroscopic salt is controlled at 1.0–3.0 wt% of the dry weight of the ceramsite.

[0082] Graded drying: First step: dry at 60°C for 30 min; second step: dry at 70°C for 30 min.

[0083] The third step is to dry at 80°C for 30 minutes until the moisture content is ≤2%. Strict control of drying conditions is aimed at immobilizing the hygroscopic salt on the surface of the ceramsite and preventing its loss in subsequent operations.

[0084] After the hygroscopic salt is loaded, a lignin-silica hybrid shell is generated in situ on the surface of the ceramsite using lignin and a silicon source (such as ethyl silicate). The average thickness of this shell is 2–10 μm.

[0085] Lignin, as a biopolymer, has abundant phenolic hydroxyl groups and ether bonds, which can chemically react with silicon sources to form a hybrid shell with certain flexibility and hydrophilicity. The silicon source is hydrolyzed and polymerized under the action of a catalyst (such as ammonia) to form a silica network, while the functional groups of lignin crosslink with the silica network to form a stable hybrid shell with a microporous structure.

[0086] The lignin-silica hybrid shell forms a microscopic "confined" environment for hygroscopic salts. This confined structure effectively prevents the rapid volatilization or loss of hygroscopic salts under high temperature or high humidity conditions. Furthermore, its microporous structure balances the water absorption capacity of the hygroscopic salts, preventing salt precipitation and potential toxicity to plant roots due to excessive water absorption. Simultaneously, the porosity of the shell structure regulates the rate of water evaporation, serving a dual function of "evaporative cooling" and "capillary conduction."

[0087] The total thickness of the capillary water-conducting layer is 20–40 mm.

[0088] A transition soil layer with a thickness of 10–15 mm is placed between the capillary drainage layer and the planting layer. This layer mainly serves as a connection and buffer, facilitating the uniform distribution of soil in the planting layer, while also preventing soil particles from the planting layer from infiltrating and clogging the pores of the capillary drainage layer.

[0089] The third step, design of the planting layer components and incorporation of composite sustained-release particles:

[0090] On the soil substrate, spread the planting layer soil mixed with composite slow-release particles. The composition ratio of the composite slow-release particles (by mass percentage) is: 30-60% biochar, 20-50% clay minerals, and 10-20% natural colloids, with an average particle size of 0.5-2.0 mm.

[0091] Biochar provides a loose and porous structure, enhancing the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity. At the same time, its surface functional groups are conducive to the adsorption of nutrients and water, and provide a habitat for microorganisms.

[0092] Clay minerals such as montmorillonite and kaolin have a large specific surface area and cation exchange capacity, which can effectively adsorb and store nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and regulate the water and fertilizer retention properties of the soil.

[0093] Natural colloids such as xanthan gum and gum arabic have good binding, water retention and film-forming properties, which can improve particle strength, prevent them from disintegrating too quickly during use, and further enhance the soil's aggregate structure and water retention.

[0094] Biochar, clay minerals, natural colloids, and other additives (such as fertilizers and microbial agents) are mixed in a specific ratio and formed into granules through a rotating drum under centrifugal force and the action of a binder. During or after granulation, a starch adhesive is sprayed to enhance the bonding strength of the granules, followed by drying: first, drying at 60°C for 1 hour; second, drying at 70°C for 1 hour; third, drying at 80°C for 1 hour; and fourth, drying at 90°C for 30 minutes, until the moisture content is ≤5%. This drying process ensures the stability and shelf life of the granules.

[0095] Slow-release nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer is added, with a content of 0.5–5.0 wt% of the total dry weight of the granules.

[0096] It releases ≤20% of its mass fraction within 0–7 days, providing the nutrients needed for initial growth.

[0097] It releases 30-50% of its mass within 8-21 days, meeting the nutrient requirements during the rapid growth phase.

[0098] It releases ≥50% of its mass within ≥22 days, continuously providing nutrients to the lawn and reducing the frequency of fertilization.

[0099] To achieve the target release curve, optimization methods include using multi-layer coating technology or a mixture of materials with different dissolution rates. For example, a core layer can be a highly soluble fertilizer, and an outer layer can be a low-soluble coating layer, or a biodegradable polymer can be used as the coating material, the degradation rate of which determines the nutrient release rate.

[0100] The ratio of Bacillus subtilis in the compound sustained-release granules is as follows: Bacillus can promote plant growth, improve nutrient utilization, and help improve soil structure.

[0101] The soluble oligosaccharide content is 0.2–1.0 wt% of the total dry weight of the granules. As a carbon source and nutrient, oligosaccharides can promote the reproduction and activity of Bacillus subtilis, and also provide energy for the initial growth of turf.

[0102] The amount of oligosaccharides added to the composite particles is 0.5–0.8 wt%, which provides a good growth environment and carbon source for Bacillus, significantly improving the survival rate and activity of Bacillus, thereby enhancing its growth-promoting effect.

[0103] The mass ratio of compound slow-release granules to grass seeds is granules:grass seeds = 10:1.

[0104] Mixing method and dosage: Sandy soil: 12–15 kg / m²; Loam: 8–12 kg / m²; Clay soil: 5–8 kg / m². Evenly spread the compound slow-release granules at the bottom of the planting layer, then mix thoroughly with the soil, ensuring even distribution of the granules in areas easily accessible to the roots.

[0105] Step 4: Seed coating and compounding:

[0106] Bermuda grass, zoysia grass, and Kentucky bluegrass were mixed in a weight ratio of 40:30:30. In arid areas with annual rainfall less than 500 mm, the proportion of bermuda grass was increased to 45:30:25 to enhance the drought resistance of the lawn. Bermuda grass is a typical C4 plant with extremely strong drought and trampling resistance.

[0107] Preparation of seed coating solution: A starch-lignin aqueous solution with a solid content of 5–10 wt% is prepared. Nano-silica is added to the coating solution at a content of 0.1–0.3 wt% of the solid content of the coating solution. Nano-silica can improve the mechanical strength and abrasion resistance of the coating, and may also improve its air permeability and water retention capacity.

[0108] Soak the grass seeds in a starch-lignin aqueous solution for 10–20 minutes and then dry them.

[0109] The first step involves drying at 40°C for 30 minutes, the second at 45°C for 30 minutes, the third at 50°C for 30 minutes, the fourth at 60°C for 20 minutes, and the fifth at 70°C for 10 minutes. This gradual removal of moisture forms a uniform, dense, biodegradable film on the seed surface. The film thickness should be controlled between 0.1 and 0.5 mm. A film that is too thin offers limited protection, while a film that is too thick may hinder germination.

[0110] The coating effectively protects the germ, improves the tolerance to environmental stresses (such as drought and high temperature), and provides a certain amount of nutrition and water buffer for early growth.

[0111] Step 5, Seeding and Spraying: This step involves sowing the treated grass seeds and applying a spray that enhances the water retention of the soil surface. The spray contains cellulose nanocrystals and has a total solids content of 0.5–2.0 wt%. The treated grass seeds are then evenly sown onto the surface of the planting layer soil.

[0112] Cellulose nanocrystals are a natural polymer material with excellent mechanical strength, large surface area, and strong hydrophilicity. They form a network structure on the soil surface, which can effectively improve the soil's water retention capacity and alleviate the rapid drying of the topsoil.

[0113] When the moisture content of the upper soil layer is <10%, spray at a concentration of 2.0wt% to maximize water retention capacity; when the moisture content is between 10 and 15%, spray at a concentration of 1.0wt% to provide adequate water retention support.

[0114] The introduction of cellulose nanocrystals can form a nano-network with a high specific surface area on the soil surface. This network captures and stores water through capillary action, slows down water evaporation, and provides a more stable microenvironment for grass seed germination and seedling growth.

[0115] Step 6: Applying a moisture-sensitive biodegradable coating to the surface:

[0116] Moisture-sensitive biodegradable mulch is an important component for enabling lawns to self-repair, primarily used to protect seedlings and regulate the microenvironment.

[0117] The coating material is a starch-lignin emulsion film-forming agent, with a spraying rate of 0.2–0.4 kg / m² and a film thickness of 0.1–0.3 mm. This material is biodegradable and easy to apply in aqueous environments.

[0118] The mulch is designed to dynamically adjust the opening of its pore structure according to the ambient humidity, thereby actively regulating gas exchange and moisture evaporation to provide the optimal microenvironment for the lawn.

[0119] When the relative humidity is ≥60%, the target open area is ≥50%. High humidity means that the soil is well-hydrated, and larger open pores allow the lawn to carry out the CO2 exchange required for normal photosynthesis and accelerate the evaporation of excess water, preventing root rot.

[0120] When the relative humidity is ≤40%, the target porosity is ≤20%. Under low humidity (drought) conditions, reducing the porosity minimizes soil moisture evaporation, thereby improving soil water retention and protecting seedlings from drought stress.

[0121] The opening and closing of pores is achieved by a moisture-sensitive polymer network or microcapsules embedded in the coating material. These sensitive materials change the structure of the coating when they absorb moisture and expand or lose water and shrink, thereby adjusting the pores.

[0122] Degradation cycle and rate control: The degradation cycle of the mulch is 6–12 weeks, ensuring effective protection in the early stages of lawn establishment and gradually degrading as the seedlings grow to a certain extent, without affecting subsequent lawn management.

[0123] Degradation rate control in areas of localized mechanical damage: When the film is subjected to mechanical damage (such as being scratched by small stones or trampled by animals), its degradation rate should be accelerated to promote wound healing or reduce the hindrance to subsequent growth.

[0124] Degradation rate: Step 1 (0–3 days after rupture): 20–30% degradation by mass. This rapidly exposes the underlying soil and grass seeds, promoting remediation.

[0125] Step 2 (4–7 days after rupture): Degradation mass fraction 40–60%. Accelerates complete degradation and avoids residue formation.

[0126] This rate control can be achieved by introducing readily hydrolyzable crosslinking agents or microbial-sensitive components into the coating formulation. These components accelerate degradation when the coating breaks down and is exposed to the environment.

[0127] The coating curing process involves spraying followed by hot air curing. The temperature control for hot air curing is as follows: Step 1: Curing at 35°C for 30 minutes; Step 2: Curing at 40°C for 30 minutes; Step 3: Curing at 45°C for 30 minutes; Step 4: Natural curing at 20°C for 12 hours; Step 5: Natural curing at 25°C for 12 hours; Step 6: Natural curing at 30°C for 24 hours. This ensures that the starch-lignin emulsion forms a uniform and continuous film, achieving the preset mechanical strength and humidity response characteristics.

[0128] Step 7: Irrigation and tiered watering maintenance after sowing:

[0129] Immediately after sowing, irrigate for the first time. The amount of water should be 5–10 mm to ensure that the seed layer is fully moistened and makes good contact with the underlying soil.

[0130] Based on the topsoil moisture content, the water replenishment strategy is as follows:

[0131] When the surface soil moisture content is ≤12%, add water 3–5 mm. At this time, the soil is relatively dry and requires a large amount of water to be added at once to meet the water needs of the deep root system.

[0132] When the topsoil moisture content is >12% and ≤15%, add water for 2–3 mm. At this point, the soil moisture content is acceptable, and only a small amount of water is needed to maintain the soil's moisture and prevent excessive evaporation.

[0133] Soil moisture content can be monitored using soil moisture sensors (such as TDR, FDR, etc.) or by direct visual inspection and touch.

[0134] Example 1:

[0135] S1. Loosen the soil in the construction area to a depth of 10cm for pretreatment. If the soil pH is found to be 6.5, no pH adjustment will be performed (maintain neutrality).

[0136] S2. A capillary drainage layer was constructed using modified expanded clay aggregates with a coarse particle size of 8 mm and a fine particle size of 4 mm, in a mass ratio of 70:30. Before loading the hygroscopic salt (calcium chloride), the expanded clay aggregates were treated with microporous silica gel for 1 hour. The loading amount of hygroscopic salt was controlled at 1.0 wt% of the dry weight of the expanded clay aggregates. Subsequently, the calcium chloride solution was dried and loaded, and finally, a lignin-silica hybrid shell was coated in situ with an average thickness of 2 μm. The overall thickness of the capillary drainage layer was 20 mm. A 10 mm thick transition soil layer was placed between the capillary drainage layer and the planting layer.

[0137] S3. Incorporate compound slow-release granules into the planting layer. The granules are composed of biochar (30%), clay minerals (montmorillonite, 40%), and natural colloids (xanthan gum, 20%). The slow-release nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer content in the granules is 0.5 wt% of the total dry weight of the granules, the proportion of Bacillus subtilis is 10^7 CFU / g, and the soluble oligosaccharide content is 0.2 wt%. For areas with loam soil, the compound slow-release granules should be incorporated at a rate of 8 kg / m², evenly spread under the planting layer, and then mixed with the soil.

[0138] S4. The grass seeds are a blend of bermudagrass, zoysia grass, and Kentucky bluegrass, formulated in a mass ratio of 40:30:30. The seeds are soaked in a starch-lignin aqueous solution (5wt% solids) for 10 minutes, then dried at 40°C for 30 minutes, 45°C for 30 minutes, 50°C for 30 minutes, 60°C for 20 minutes, and 70°C for 10 minutes to form a 0.1mm thick biodegradable film. 0.1wt% nano-silica is added to the coating solution.

[0139] S5. Sow the coated grass seeds on the surface of the planting layer prepared in step S3. Then, under the condition of soil moisture content of 10-15%, spray with a spray agent containing cellulose nanocrystals at a concentration of 1.0 wt%.

[0140] S6. Moisture-sensitive biodegradable coating: A starch-lignin emulsion is sprayed onto the surface of the grass seeds as a moisture-sensitive biodegradable coating at a rate of 0.2 kg / m², forming a 0.1 mm thick coating. The coating is designed to achieve a target opening of ≥50% when the relative humidity is ≥60%, and a target opening of ≤20% when the relative humidity is ≤40%. The coating is cured at 35°C for 30 minutes, 40°C for 30 minutes, 45°C for 30 minutes, and then allowed to cure naturally.

[0141] S7. Irrigation and Maintenance: After sowing, irrigate for the first time with 5mm of water. Subsequent watering should be done according to the surface soil moisture content: when the moisture content is ≤12%, irrigate with 3mm of water; when the moisture content is >12% and ≤15%, irrigate with 2mm of water.

[0142] Example 2:

[0143] S1. The soil in the construction area shall be loosened to a depth of 12cm for pretreatment. Assuming the soil pH is 7.2, no pH adjustment shall be performed according to the aforementioned method.

[0144] S2, modified ceramsite with a coarse particle size of 10 mm and a fine particle size of 6 mm, in a mass ratio of 70:30. The ceramsite is first treated with microporous silica gel for 1.5 hours. Hygroscopic salt (calcium chloride) is loaded at 2.0 wt% of the dry weight of the ceramsite, dried, and then coated with a lignin-silica hybrid shell with a thickness of 5 μm. The capillary water-conducting layer is 30 mm thick. The transition soil layer is 12 mm thick.

[0145] S3, the composite slow-release granules are composed of biochar (40%), clay minerals (montmorillonite, 30%), and natural colloids (xanthan gum, 15%). The slow-release nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer content is 2.5 wt% of the total dry weight of the granules, the Bacillus subtilis ratio is 5 x 10^8 CFU / g, and the oligosaccharide content is 0.4 wt%. For areas with loam soil texture, the granule mixing rate is 10 kg / m², and the mixture should be uniform.

[0146] The S4 and grass seed blend ratio is 40:30:30. The grass seeds are soaked in a starch-lignin aqueous solution (solid content 7.5wt%) for 15 minutes, and then dried at a gradient of 70°C to form a coating with a thickness of 0.3 mm. 0.2wt% nano-silica is added to the coating solution.

[0147] S5. After sowing the grass seeds, spray with cellulose nanocrystal spray at a concentration of 2.0wt% when the soil moisture content is <10%.

[0148] S6. The spraying amount is 0.3 kg / m², forming a 0.2 mm thick film. The film is designed with a target opening of ≥50% when the relative humidity is ≥60%, and a target opening of ≤20% when the relative humidity is ≤40%, and has a degradation cycle of 6-12 weeks. The film is formed after standard curing steps.

[0149] S7. Initial water filling: 8mm. Subsequent water replenishment: 4mm when moisture content is ≤12%; 2.5mm when moisture content is >12% and ≤15%.

[0150] Example 3:

[0151] S1. The soil in the construction area shall be loosened to a depth of 15cm for pretreatment. Assuming the soil pH value is low at 5.8, lime shall be added evenly to the soil at a rate of 2.0 wt% of the soil dry weight.

[0152] S2, modified ceramsite with a coarse particle size of 12mm and a fine particle size of 8mm, in a mass ratio of 70:30. The ceramsite is first treated with microporous silica gel for 2 hours. Hygroscopic salt (calcium chloride) is loaded at 3.0 wt% of the dry weight of the ceramsite, dried, and then coated with a lignin-silica hybrid shell with a thickness of 10μm (endpoint value). The capillary water-conducting layer thickness is 40mm. The transition soil layer thickness is 15mm.

[0153] S3, the composite slow-release granules are composed of biochar (60%), clay minerals (montmorillonite, 20%), and natural colloids (xanthan gum, 10%). The slow-release nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer content is 5.0 wt% of the total dry weight of the granules, the Bacillus subtilis ratio is 10^9 CFU / g, and the oligosaccharide content is 1.0 wt%. For areas with clay soil texture, the granule mixing rate is 8 kg / m², and the mixture should be uniform.

[0154] The S4 and grass seed blend ratio is 40:30:30. The grass seeds are soaked in a starch-lignin aqueous solution (10wt% solids) for 20 minutes, followed by gradient drying at a maximum temperature of 70°C to form a coating with a thickness of 0.5 mm. 0.3wt% nano-silica is added to the coating solution.

[0155] S5. Coat grass seeds and sow them. When the soil moisture content is <10%, spray with cellulose nanocrystal spray at a concentration of 2.0wt%.

[0156] S6, spraying rate is 0.4 kg / m², forming a 0.3 mm thick film. The film is designed with a target opening of ≥50% when relative humidity ≥60%, and a target opening of ≤20% when relative humidity ≤40%, and has a degradation cycle of 6-12 weeks. The film uses a complete curing process.

[0157] S7. Initial watering: 10mm. Subsequent water replenishment: 5mm when moisture content is ≤12%; 3mm when moisture content is >12% and ≤15%.

[0158] Comparative Example 1:

[0159] S1. The soil in the construction area will be loosened to a depth of 10cm for pretreatment. The soil pH is 7.0, and no pH adjustment will be performed.

[0160] S2. Composite slow-release granules are mixed into the planting layer. The granules consist of biochar (40%), clay minerals (30%), and natural colloids (15%), and contain slow-release nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer (2.5wt%), Bacillus subtilis (5x10^8 CFU / g), and oligosaccharides (0.4wt%). For loam soil, the granule mixing rate is 10 kg / m².

[0161] S3. Blending and coating of grass seeds: The grass seeds were blended in a ratio of 40:30:30 and coated with a starch-lignin aqueous solution (solid content 7.5wt%) with a thickness of 0.3mm.

[0162] S4. Coat grass seeds with a 1.0 wt% solution and sow. When the soil moisture content is 10–15%, spray with cellulose nanocrystal spray at a concentration of 1.0 wt%.

[0163] S5. Initial watering: 5mm. Subsequent water replenishment: 3mm when moisture content is ≤12%; 2mm when moisture content is >12% and ≤15%.

[0164] Comparative Example 2:

[0165] S1. The soil in the construction area is pre-treated by loosening to a depth of 12cm, with a pH value of 7.2, which is not adjusted.

[0166] S2. A capillary water-conducting layer with a thickness of 30 mm was constructed using modified ceramsite (coarse particle size 10 mm, fine particle size 6 mm, 70:30 ratio, 2.0 wt% calcium chloride, 5 μm shell). The transition soil layer was 12 mm thick.

[0167] S3. Mix composite slow-release particles into the planting layer, using the same ratio and dosage as in Example 2.

[0168] S4, the grass seed blend ratio is 40:30:30. Grass seed coating treatment is omitted.

[0169] S5. Uncoated grass seeds are sown. When the soil moisture content is <10%, spray with cellulose nanocrystal spray at a concentration of 2.0wt%.

[0170] S6. Spray with a moisture-sensitive biodegradable coating of 0.3 kg / m² to form a thickness of 0.2 mm.

[0171] S7. Initial irrigation of 8mm. Omit the tiered irrigation strategy and use conventional irrigation. Irrigate 10mm at a time when the surface soil shows significant water loss.

[0172] We will focus on the two key properties of this invention: drought resistance and trampling resistance, and conduct a more in-depth data comparison of several of our proposed embodiments and control groups.

[0173] Each processing unit is configured with 3 duplicate cells, each with an area of ​​1m x 1m.

[0174] Time period: The entire assessment period is 45 days, with a focus on performance in the 20-35 days after sowing, which covers most of the establishment period and the initial drought stress period.

[0175] Environmental control:

[0176] Water management: The first 10 days after sowing are the regular irrigation period (simulating 30mm of rainfall), followed by a simulated drought period of 20 days (days 11-30), during which irrigation is stopped. Irrigation resumes on day 31.

[0177] Light and temperature: The standard light cycle (14h light / 10h dark) and daytime temperature of 25±2℃ and nighttime temperature of 18±2℃ were simulated in the plant growth chamber.

[0178] Mild trampling: On the 20th day of the drought stress period, a standardized load was applied to some plots to simulate a cumulative pressure of 200 kg per square meter, applied in two stages with an interval of 24 hours.

[0179] Actual measurement methods for test indicators:

[0180] Lawn coverage (%): Images were collected at fixed angles and heights using a handheld GPS surveying instrument combined with a high-precision camera, and visual interpretation and area statistics were performed using ENVI software.

[0181] Average moisture content of topsoil (0-5cm) (kg / kg): Using a TDR (Time Domain Reflectometer) soil moisture sensor, 5 points were randomly selected in each cell for continuous measurement, and the average value was taken.

[0182] Relative leaf water content (RWC%): Healthy, undamaged leaf samples were collected on day 25, the day of most severe drought stress. The mass fraction method (as described above) was used to ensure accuracy.

[0183] Turf biomass (dry weight kg / m²): At the end of the experiment, all visible turf was harvested, dried to constant weight, and weighed.

[0184] Grass stem bend angle (°): After a trampling simulation, the average angle at which the lawn bends under pressure is measured. The larger the angle, the better the "rebound" ability; the smaller the bend angle, the easier the lawn is to be flattened and the poorer its recovery.

[0185] Nutrient release rate (mg / kg / day): For programs containing slow-release particles, soil samples will be taken periodically (e.g., every 5 days) during the trial period to extract and analyze NH4 in the soil. + NO3 - The release amounts of P and K were calculated, and the average daily release rate was determined.

[0186]

[0187] Examples 2 and 3 showed significantly higher coverage and biomass than all other schemes, directly reflecting the advantages of integrated nutrition, water management, and soil improvement. Example 3 achieved the highest biomass due to the use of higher slow-release fertilizer and optimized biochar ratio. Comparative Example 1, lacking water retention and nutrients, had extremely limited root and aboveground development, ultimately resulting in the lowest coverage and biomass. Although Comparative Example 2 underwent basic soil improvement, the lack of seed protection led to insufficient initial seedling quantity and vigor, affecting overall growth.

[0188] Coverage and biomass data are highly correlated, reflecting the overall health and growth potential of plants.

[0189] Examples 2 and 3 maintained high levels of soil and leaf moisture during drought periods. This was attributed to the hygroscopic salts and hybrid shell of the capillary water-conducting layer in this invention, which store and slowly release moisture, as well as the water-collecting and evaporation-reducing functions of the moisture-sensitive biodegradable mulch. The higher parameters in Example 3 (such as higher hygroscopic salt content and a thicker shell) resulted in superior water retention. A soil moisture content of 180 kg / m² is equivalent to approximately 18% water content, which is crucial for maintaining the physiological activity of the turf.

[0190] Example 1 showed good results, but its parameters (such as moisture-absorbing salt content and film thickness) were relatively low, resulting in slightly inferior water retention capacity.

[0191] In Comparative Example 1, due to the complete lack of additional water retention measures, soil moisture evaporated rapidly, resulting in the lowest water content and leaf water content, which directly led to severe wilting of the lawn.

[0192] Although soil conditioners and slow-release granules in Comparative Example 2 have some water retention effect, their effect is limited compared to the active water retention mechanism of the present invention, especially under extensive irrigation, where their water retention capacity is even weaker.

[0193] The reason why Examples 2 and 3 exhibited higher grass stem tilt angles (75° and 80°) is that the improvement of the soil matrix (biochar, clay minerals) provided better soil structure and elasticity, and the seed-coated seedlings with stronger and more developed root systems were able to better support the above-ground parts against external forces.

[0194] Example 1 was less effective.

[0195] Comparative Example 1: Poor soil structure, underdeveloped root system of grass seedlings, easy to be crushed and poor recovery.

[0196] Compared to Example 2, which lacks initial support for seed germination, the root system's holding power may be slightly weaker.

[0197] Nutrient release rate:

[0198] The slow-release fertilizer release rate data in Examples 2 and 3 represent the stable and moderate release characteristics of the slow-release nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer in the compound slow-release granules of this invention. This release mode can continuously provide nutrients, avoiding "fertilizer damage" caused by excessively rapid release in the early stages or insufficient nutrition in the later stages.

[0199] Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are marked with "*" in the data table because these schemes did not include compound slow-release granules. This directly illustrates the necessity of slow-release fertilizer in providing a continuous and controllable supply of nutrients.

[0200] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any ordinary changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a drought-resistant, trampling-resistant lawn with restorative properties, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Loosen and pretreat the soil in the construction area to a thickness of 10–15 cm, and adjust the soil pH value accordingly. S2. Lay a capillary drainage layer on the soil substrate. The capillary drainage layer is composed of modified ceramsite, and its surface is loaded with hygroscopic salts confined by a lignin-silica hybrid shell. The thickness is 20–40 mm. Before loading the hygroscopic salts, the ceramsite is treated in microporous silica gel for 0.5–2 hours. S3. Mix compound slow-release granules into the planting layer. The compound slow-release granules are formed by biochar, clay minerals and natural colloids, and contain slow-release nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and growth-promoting Bacillus. S4. The grass seeds are coated by soaking them in a starch-lignin aqueous solution and drying them to form a biodegradable film. The grass seeds are a mixture of bermudagrass, zoysia grass and Kentucky bluegrass, and are formulated in a mass ratio of 40:30:

30. In areas with an annual rainfall of less than 500 mm, the proportion of bermudagrass is increased to 45:30:

25. S5. Sow the coated grass seeds on the surface of the planting layer and spray with a spray agent containing cellulose nanocrystals. S6. Spray a moisture-sensitive biodegradable coating onto the surface of the grass seeds. The moisture-sensitive biodegradable coating is a starch-lignin emulsion film-forming body, with a spraying rate of 0.2–0.4 kg / m² and a film thickness of 0.1–0.3 mm. A pore size threshold is set according to the humidity response characteristics. When the relative humidity is ≥60%, the target opening degree is ≥50%; when the relative humidity is ≤40%, the target opening degree is ≤20%. The degradation cycle of the moisture-sensitive biodegradable coating is 6–12 weeks, and the degradation rate in the locally mechanically fractured area is controlled according to the following steps: The degradation mass fraction is 20-30% within 0-3 days after the first step of rupture. The degradation mass fraction is 40-60% within 4-7 days after the second-stage rupture. The moisture-sensitive biodegradable coating is cured by hot air after spraying. The first step is to cure at 35°C for 30 minutes, the second step is to cure at 40°C for 30 minutes, the third step is to cure at 45°C for 30 minutes, the fourth step is to cure naturally at 20°C for 12 hours, the fifth step is to cure naturally at 25°C for 12 hours, and the sixth step is to cure naturally at 30°C for 24 hours. S7. After sowing, irrigate and maintain the soil by replenishing water in stages according to the soil moisture content.

2. The method for constructing a drought-resistant, trampling-resistant lawn with repair function according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the soil pH in the construction area is <6.0, lime is added evenly to the soil in step S1, with the amount added being 1.0–2.0 wt% of the soil dry weight. When the soil pH is greater than 8.0, sulfur is added evenly to the soil in step S1, with an addition amount of 0.5–1.0 wt% of the soil dry weight.

3. The method for constructing a drought-resistant, trampling-resistant lawn with repair function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ceramsite has a coarse particle size of 8–12 mm and a fine particle size of 4–8 mm. It is laid in layers at a mass ratio of 70:30, and the thickness of the capillary water-conducting layer is 20–40 mm. A transition soil layer with a thickness of 10–15 mm is set between the capillary drainage layer and the planting layer.

4. The method for constructing a drought-resistant, trampling-resistant lawn with a repair function according to claim 3, characterized in that, Ceramsite treated with microporous silica gel and loaded with hygroscopic salt: The ceramsite was soaked in a hygroscopic salt solution for 1–2 hours, followed by drying. The first step is to dry at 60°C for 30 minutes. The second step is to dry at 70°C for 30 minutes. The third step is to dry at 80°C for 30 minutes until the moisture content is ≤2%; The hygroscopic salt is calcium chloride, and the loading amount of hygroscopic salt is 1.0–3.0 wt% of the dry weight of the ceramsite. After the hygroscopic salt loading is completed, a lignin-silica hybrid shell is coated on the surface of the ceramsite in situ, and the average thickness of the shell is 2–10 μm.

5. A method for constructing a drought-resistant, trampling-resistant lawn with a repair function according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S3, the composite sustained-release particles are formulated from biochar, clay minerals, and natural colloids in a specific mass percentage. The biochar accounts for 30–60% of the total dry weight of the composite slow-release particles, clay minerals account for 20–50%, natural colloids account for 10–20%, and the average particle size of the composite slow-release particles is 0.5–2.0 mm. The composite slow-release granules are manufactured using a roller granulation and starch adhesive spraying process. The granulation and drying process involves drying at 60°C for 1 hour, 70°C for 1 hour, 80°C for 1 hour, and 90°C for 30 minutes until the moisture content is ≤5%. The mass ratio of compound slow-release granules to grass seeds is 10:

1.

6. The method for constructing a drought-resistant, trampling-resistant lawn with repair function according to claim 5, characterized in that, The compound slow-release granules contain slow-release nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, with the fertilizer content being 0.5–5.0 wt% of the total dry weight of the compound slow-release granules. The slow-release curve is controlled according to the following steps: Release mass fraction ≤20% within 0–7 days Releases 30–50% of mass fraction within 8–21 days. Release mass fraction ≥50% within ≥22 days; The composite sustained-release granules contain soluble oligosaccharides, and the amount of soluble oligosaccharides added is 0.2–1.0 wt% of the total dry weight of the composite sustained-release granules; The ratio of Bacillus subtilis in the compound sustained-release granules is 10:

1. 7 -10 9 The concentration is CFU / g, and the amount of soluble oligosaccharides added to the compound sustained-release granules is 0.5–0.8 wt%.

7. A method for constructing a drought-resistant, trampling-resistant lawn with a repair function according to claim 6, characterized in that, The amount of the composite slow-release particles to be incorporated is set according to soil texture: For sandy soil, use 12–15 kg / m², spread evenly under the planting layer and then mix with the soil; for loam, use 8–12 kg / m², spread evenly under the planting layer and then mix with the soil. Take 5–8 kg / m² of clay soil, spread it evenly under the planting layer, and then mix it with the soil.

8. A method for constructing a drought-resistant, trampling-resistant lawn with a repair function according to claim 5, characterized in that, The starch-lignin solution used for coating the grass seeds has a solid content of 5–10 wt% and an immersion time of 10–20 min. Drying after immersion is carried out according to the following steps: The first step is to dry at 40°C for 30 minutes; The second step is to dry at 45°C for 30 minutes; The third step is to dry at 50°C for 30 minutes; The fourth step is to dry at 60°C for 20 minutes; The fifth step is to dry at 70°C for 10 minutes to control the coating thickness to 0.1–0.5 mm; Nano-silica was added to the grass seed coating solution, with the nano-silica content being 0.1–0.3 wt% of the solid content of the coating solution.

9. A method for constructing a drought-resistant, trampling-resistant lawn with a repair function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solids of the spray agent used in step S5 are cellulose nanocrystals. The total solids content of the spray agent is 0.5–2.0 wt%, and it is applied in stages according to the soil moisture content: when the moisture content of the upper soil layer is <10%, it is sprayed at a concentration of 2.0 wt%. When the moisture content is 10–15%, spray at a concentration of 1.0 wt%. The initial irrigation after sowing should be 5–10 mm, and subsequent irrigation should be triggered as follows: When the surface soil moisture content is ≤12%, add water for 3–5 mm. When the surface soil moisture content is >12% and ≤15%, add water for 2–3 mm.

10. A drought-resistant, trampling-resistant, and restorative lawn according to any one of claims 1–9, characterized in that, The lawn, from bottom to top, includes a soil base layer, a capillary water-conducting layer, a planting layer mixed with composite slow-release particles, and a surface moisture-sensitive biodegradable mulch.

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