Photovoltaic module to prevent bird perching

Abstract

The application provides a photovoltaic module for preventing birds from landing, and relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, which comprises a stand, a support and a photovoltaic panel. The upper end of the stand is connected with the photovoltaic panel through the support to form a herringbone structure. The application further comprises a locking part. A dynamic deformation inhabiting and inducing expelling part is arranged at the top of the photovoltaic panel through the locking part. The inhabiting and inducing expelling part generates periodic or non-periodic deformation interference through dynamic deformation. The deformation interference and the inhabiting behavior of target birds form interactive feedback. Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects through the cooperation between the above-mentioned structures: the non-periodic interference formed by the dynamic deformation of the inhabiting and inducing expelling part and the inhabiting behavior of birds form interactive feedback, which can directly interfere with the birds to form stable stay on the support surface; and the specific visual stimulation generated by the synchronous movement of the dynamic deformation of the support surface induces the birds to establish the avoidance conditioned reflex of the visual mark and the deformation interference.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic module that prevents birds from landing. Background Technology

[0002] In photovoltaic power generation systems, photovoltaic modules are the core component of the solar power generation system, and their performance directly affects the power generation efficiency of the entire system.

[0003] However, in actual use, photovoltaic panels are usually installed in outdoor environments, and their surfaces are prone to becoming areas where birds perch, which often leads to the accumulation of various dirt on the surface of photovoltaic modules, among which bird droppings are a common pollutant.

[0004] The Shagohuang large-scale base project covers a vast area, with the photovoltaic field covering an even larger area. The first phase of the pilot project, with a capacity of 1000MW, covers an area of ​​33,700 mu, while the 8 million KW project covers an area of ​​approximately 269,600 mu. Whether it is birds within the field or birds crossing the field, it is impossible to avoid birds perching on top of the photovoltaic modules.

[0005] Bird droppings left on photovoltaic modules can be corrosive, as they contain urate, ammonium, and phosphoric acid. These droppings can damage the glass surface of the modules and the metal structures such as aluminum frames and steel supports. If not cleaned promptly, the dried droppings can create hot spots, leading to localized overheating and even damage to the modules. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic module that prevents birds from landing, which can prevent birds from landing stably and guide them to establish a long-term avoidance reflection through the synergistic effect of dynamic deformation and visual marking.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: The present invention provides a photovoltaic module to prevent birds from landing, including a column, a bracket, and a photovoltaic panel. The upper end of the column is connected to the photovoltaic panel through the bracket to form a V-shaped structure. The invention is characterized by further including a locking component. A dynamically deformable perching induction and repulsion component is provided at the top of the photovoltaic panel through the locking component. The perching induction and repulsion component generates periodic or non-periodic deformation interference through dynamic deformation. The deformation interference forms an interactive feedback with the perching behavior of the target birds. The surface of the habitat-inducing and deterrent device is equipped with visual markers that move synchronously with the dynamic deformation of the device, transmitting specific visual stimuli associated with deformation disturbance to the target birds and inducing them to establish a conditioned reflex of avoiding deformation disturbance through visual markers.

[0008] In the preferred embodiment, the photovoltaic panel and the perch-inducing and deterrent device are collinear. The perch-inducing and deterrent device forms an inclined angle with the ground through the photovoltaic panel. The angle of the inclined angle is 36°. The 36° inclined angle makes the perch-inducing and deterrent device prevent birds from landing and forming an effective grip. The habitat-inducing and deterrent device is a heat-absorbing plate, which is made of aluminum alloy. A groove is formed between the edge of the heat-absorbing plate and the locking element to guide the flow of bird excrement.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, a composite functional coating is provided on the outer surface of the heat absorber substrate by physical deposition or chemical coating. The composite functional coating includes a high absorption layer formed on the surface of the heat absorber, which can convert incident solar radiation into heat energy; and a low emission layer disposed on the high absorption layer, which can suppress the loss of thermal radiation energy.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the visual identifier includes a first color band and a second color band arranged alternately along the length of the heat absorber plate to form a high-spectral-contrast stripe pattern.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the surface of the visual identifier is provided with alternating biomimetic optical microstructures, which trigger the activation of motion detection neurons in the target bird by generating a dynamic flashing effect. Bionic optical microstructures are either scaly concave-convex structures or hemispherical convex structures.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the biomimetic optical microstructure is a scaly concave-convex structure, which is composed of multiple periodically arranged micron-sized pits or protrusions. The scaly concave-convex structure has concave sidewalls that refract obliquely incident light and scatter it in multiple directions. The inclination angle of the concave sidewalls relative to the heat absorber plate is 15° to 45°.

[0013] In the preferred embodiment, the biomimetic optical microstructure is a hemispherical convex structure, which is composed of multiple hemispherical micro-protrusions. Micro-protrusions are irregularly and randomly distributed on the surface of the visual sign to form a dense dynamic signal field. The top of the hemispherical shape has a gentle curve to form a specular reflection of direct light, and the sides have an inclined curve to form a diffuse reflection of oblique light.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of elastic tentacles are fixedly provided at the upper edge of the top of the heat absorber plate, and the plurality of elastic tentacles are distributed at intervals along the length direction of the heat absorber plate. One end of the elastic tendril forms a threaded structure by rotating around the thread and is fixedly connected to the heat absorber plate. The other end extends outward along the width of the heat absorber plate. The end of the extended section of the elastic tendril is arc-shaped. It can produce elastic deformation under the action of external force. The elastic deformation and the micro-vibration movement of the heat absorber plate form a dynamic coupling.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the locking component includes a housing located on one side of the top of the photovoltaic panel and a slide rail located on one side of the housing; Two sliders are symmetrically arranged on the habitat-inducing and repelling device, and the habitat-inducing and repelling device slides or is positioned along the slide rail by means of the sliders.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, the locking component further includes a fixed cup, a movable cup, a limiting plate, an annular recess, a return spring, a steel ball, and a pin. The fixed cup is located inside the outer shell, and the movable cup is slidably fitted inside the fixed cup along the axial direction. The movable cup has two radially symmetrical limiting holes. The steel ball is accommodated in the radial limiting holes. The radial limiting holes restrict the steel ball to move only along the radial direction of the fixed cup. The movable cup is provided with a limiting plate to restrict the steel ball from deflecting. An annular recess is located on the inner wall of the housing. One side of the return spring abuts against the limiting plate, and the other side abuts against the annular recess. By applying an axial elastic force toward the fixed cup to the movable cup, the movement of the movable cup away from the annular recess in the axial direction is restricted. The fixed cup and the movable cup are coaxially provided with insertion holes for the insertion pin to pass through. The outer wall of the end of the insertion pin is provided with an annular groove. The insertion pin can be inserted into the receiving space between the fixed cup and the movable cup, so that the steel ball is embedded in the annular groove.

[0017] This invention provides a photovoltaic module to prevent birds from landing. Through the coordination of the above-described structures, it offers the following advantages compared to existing technologies: First, the dynamic deformation of the perching induction and deterrent device creates non-periodic disturbance, which interacts with the bird's perching behavior and can directly prevent birds from settling stably on the support surface, reducing fecal pollution and physical damage caused by bird perching, claw grasping, and pecking. Secondly, the visual markings on the surface of the habitat-inducing and deterrent device utilize the four-color vision characteristics of birds. Through synchronous movement with the dynamic deformation of the support surface, specific visual stimuli are generated. This can accurately match the birds' innate sensitivity mechanism to dynamic danger signals, induce birds to establish a conditioned reflex of avoiding visual markings and deformation interference, achieve a long-term and stable deterrent effect, and prevent birds from becoming ineffective due to adaptation to static markings. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments: Figure 1 This is a front view structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is the present invention. Figure 1 The right-view structure diagram in the middle; Figure 3 This is the present invention. Figure 2 A magnified view of part A in the image; Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the visual identifier structure of Embodiment 2 in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the biomimetic optical microstructure in Embodiment 3 of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of the scaly concave-convex surface structure in Embodiment 3 of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the hemispherical convex structure in Embodiment 3 of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the elastic tendril structure in Embodiment 4 of the present invention; Figure 9 This is the present invention. Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the overall appearance and structure of the medium-elasticity tendril structure; Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the locking member in Embodiment 5 of the present invention; Figure 11 This is the present invention. Figure 10 A magnified view of part B in the diagram; Figure 12 This is a three-dimensional exploded view of the locking component of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the locking and unlocking principle of the locking component of the present invention.

[0019] In the diagram: 1. Column; 2. Bracket; 3. Photovoltaic panel; 4. Locking component; 41. Housing; 42. Slide rail; 43. Fixed cup; 44. Movable cup; 45. Limiting plate; 46. Annular recess; 47. Return spring; 48. Steel ball; 49. Pin; 410. Slider; 5. Heat absorber plate; 6. Visual identifier; 7. Bionic optical microstructure; 8. Elastic tendril. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To better understand the purpose, structure, and function of this invention, the embodiments and features described herein can be combined with each other without conflict. The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0021] Example 1 like Figures 1-3 As shown in the figure, this embodiment illustrates a photovoltaic module to prevent birds from landing, including a column 1, a bracket 2, and a photovoltaic panel 3. The upper end of the column 1 is connected to the photovoltaic panel 3 through the bracket 2 to form a V-shaped structure. The photovoltaic panel 3 forms an inclined angle with the ground. The photovoltaic panel 3 and the perching induction and repelling device are collinear. The perching induction and repelling device forms an inclined angle with the ground through the photovoltaic panel 3. The angle of the inclined angle is 36°. The 36° inclined angle makes the perching induction and repelling device prevent birds from landing and form an effective grip. It should be noted that, as Figure 3As shown, the birds around the Ordos Central and Northern New Energy Base project in the Kubuqi Desert of Inner Mongolia are mainly magpies. Bird droppings on the components generally land at the top of the photovoltaic panel 3. Magpies are warm-blooded birds and have a certain tolerance range for the temperature of their habitat, but extreme high temperatures of 70-80℃ will significantly exceed their comfort threshold, which is 0-35℃. At the same time, magpies are medium-sized birds, weighing about 150-200g. Their claw structure is a pair of toes with three forward and one backward toes. When grasping, they rely on the toes and claws to grip the supporting surface to generate friction. At the same time, the supporting surface needs to have a certain rigidity to stabilize the body's center of gravity.

[0022] It also includes a locking component 4. A dynamically deformable habitat-inducing and repelling component is provided at the top of the photovoltaic panel 3 via the locking component 4. The habitat-inducing and repelling component generates periodic or non-periodic deformation interference through dynamic deformation. The deformation interference forms an interactive feedback with the habitat behavior of the target birds. In one feasible embodiment, the perching induction and deterrent device is a heat absorber plate 5, which is made of either aluminum alloy or copper-aluminum composite material. The heat absorber plate 5 has the same width as the photovoltaic panel 3, and the height of the heat absorber plate 5 is 15cm, so 15cm×cos36°=12.14cm. The thickness of the heat absorber plate 5 is preferably 0.5mm. The heat absorber plate 5 extends 15cm from the lower edge of the top frame of the photovoltaic panel 3 along the length of the photovoltaic panel 3. The aluminum alloy plate with a thicker thickness has lower rigidity. When the magpie lands, its claws apply a pressure of about 2-3N, and the edge area of ​​the plate will produce slight bending deformation. This "non-rigid support" will disrupt its center of gravity balance. Birds have extremely low tolerance for "dynamic swaying". Once they perceive that the support surface is unstable, they will instinctively give up landing, similar to how humans find it difficult to maintain balance when standing on a swaying thin board.

[0023] Especially when aluminum alloy surfaces are not roughened, the coefficient of friction is low. The curvature of a magpie's claw tip is about 5-8mm, making it difficult for its claws to form an effective grip. Combined with the 36° tilt angle of the perching guide and deflector, the angle between the direction of the claw's force and the normal to the board surface increases, which easily generates a component force that "slides down the slope," further aggravating the risk of slipping.

[0024] In long-term observational experiments, most birds, including magpies, tend to choose horizontal or ≤30° inclined surfaces when selecting roosting sites. Within this angle range, the gripping force of the claws and the component of gravity can be balanced, and the body does not need to expend extra energy to maintain stability.

[0025] When the tilt angle increases to 36°, the magpie needs to tilt its body upwards on the slope to counteract gravity. At this time, the claws need to exert greater gripping force, about 1.2-1.3 times that in the horizontal state. However, the deformation of the 0.5mm heat-absorbing plate 5 will offset part of the gripping force, forming a vicious cycle of "the more force is exerted, the more the supporting surface shakes", which eventually forces the magpie to give up.

[0026] Actual observations show that magpies typically stay on a smooth, sloping surface at an angle of ≥35° for no more than 3 seconds at a time, and rarely attempt to land a second time unless there is a prominent fulcrum for them to use for leverage.

[0027] Furthermore, when constructing the habitat-inducing and repelling device, the edges of the photovoltaic panel 3 and the heat-absorbing plate 5 are arranged opposite each other, so that a groove with a width of 1cm is formed between the edges of the two, forming a liquid guiding channel.

[0028] When birds perch on the surface of the heat absorber plate 5 and produce droppings, the liquid in the droppings will flow into the grooves under the influence of gravity, allowing the liquid to be drained to the ground through the grooves.

[0029] Specifically, this prevents liquid from bird droppings from directly contaminating the photovoltaic conversion area of ​​the photovoltaic panel 3, reducing the risk of decreased photovoltaic conversion efficiency, or from contaminating the heat absorption surface of the heat absorption panel 5, thus preventing a decrease in heat absorption efficiency. In conjunction with the heat absorption panel 5, this also prevents birds from perching and ensures the long-term stable operation of the module.

[0030] Specifically, aluminum alloy was chosen for the heat absorber plate 5 because its high thermal conductivity allows it to heat up quickly to the target temperature under strong sunlight. At this point, a "physical barrier" will form on the surface of the heat absorber plate. When a magpie lands, its claws will feel uncomfortable when they come into contact with the high-temperature surface, which may reduce the frequency of its stay after forming a conditioned reflex.

[0031] The angle of 36° was chosen because magpies may need to search for roosting sites more frequently in winter to forage for food and avoid the cold, but the limitations of physical structure have a "non-adaptive" characteristic. Unlike temperature, structural characteristics do not decay over time. If the edge of the heat absorber 5 is smoothly connected to the frame of the photovoltaic panel 3 without any protrusions or gaps, the magpie cannot obtain additional support by "hooking the frame with its claws" or "pecking at the edge of the panel with its beak". It can only rely on the surface of the heat absorber 5 itself to grasp, further reinforcing the "no support" dilemma.

[0032] In winter, wind and sand may form a thin layer of dust on the surface of the heat absorber plate 5, but slight vibration of the 0.5mm thin plate will shake off the dust and maintain the smoothness of the surface. If the dust accumulation is too thick, it can be restored by natural wind or regular simple cleaning.

[0033] The dynamic deformation caused by wind and external force impact mentioned above refers to the fact that in the grassland areas of Inner Mongolia, gusts of wind speed can reach 10-15 m / s, about level 5-7. The impact of the airflow on the heat absorption plate 5 will cause high-frequency vibration, with an amplitude usually ≤0.5mm. This "micro-tremor" is an elastic deformation that can recover after the wind stops. Moreover, the vibration itself will further prevent birds from landing. Birds have extremely low tolerance for high-frequency vibration. The impact force when a magpie lands will cause a localized temporary bend, but the aluminum plate has a fast elastic recovery speed, forming an effect of "shaking when stepped on and flattening when released". This actually enhances the deterrent effect of "unstable support". Slight dynamic deformation (vibration, micro-tremor) will strengthen the signal of "unstable support", making it more difficult for magpies to adapt. It is more effective at repelling birds than a completely rigid plate surface.

[0034] In one feasible embodiment, a composite functional coating is provided on the outer surface of the substrate of the heat absorber plate 5 by physical deposition or chemical coating. The composite functional coating includes a high-absorption layer formed on the surface of the heat absorber plate 5, the main functional characteristic of which is a high solar radiation absorption rate, i.e. Preferably, It is used to efficiently convert incident solar radiation into heat energy and enhance the absorption efficiency of sunlight; It also includes a low-emissivity layer disposed above the high-absorption layer, whose main functional characteristic is that it has a low thermal emissivity, i.e. Preferably, It is used to suppress the loss of thermal radiation energy caused by the increase in temperature on the substrate surface of the heat absorption plate 5, so that the temperature of the aluminum plate at noon in summer is stabilized at 70-80℃.

[0035] The high-absorption layer is selected from one of the following materials: titanium sodium-based selective heat-absorbing coating, carbon black composite coating, copper oxide-organic silicone resin coating, TCP polyester black coating, black nickel plating, graphene modified coating, or chemical oxidation composite coating. The material used for the low-emitting layer is silicon dioxide. Transparent coating, epoxy-modified silicone resin coating, nano-alumina Composite coating, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) micro powder coating, dense silica Thin film, epoxy-modified silicone coating or vacuum-deposited aluminum film (with ultra-thin coating) One of the protective layers.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment, the high-absorption layer employs a titanium nano-based selective heat-absorbing coating, which is made by combining nanoscale tubular titanium-based materials with inorganic adhesives and adhering them to the surface of the aluminum plate through a spraying process. This coating achieves an absorption rate of over 92%, an emissivity of less than 0.16, and extremely low production costs. The low-emitting layer is made of silicon dioxide. Transparent coatings, specifically silica coatings, exhibit excellent adhesion, with infrared emissivity as low as 0.12-0.15 and light transmittance >85%, making them suitable for titanium-based heat-absorbing coatings. The preparation process is as follows: S1. Pretreatment stage: The surface of the aluminum plate is sandblasted with 80-mesh alumina sand to control the roughness at Ra1.5-2.0μm, which enhances the mechanical bonding force with the titanium nano-base layer.

[0037] The sandblasting pressure is 0.3-0.5MPa, and the sandblasting distance is maintained at 10-15cm to ensure surface uniformity.

[0038] Then, ultrasonically clean with 5% dilute hydrochloric acid for 10 minutes to remove the oxide layer and oil stains, followed by rinsing with 0.5% sodium carbonate solution to prevent residual acid from corroding the substrate. Vacuum drying at 80℃ for 30 minutes.

[0039] S2. Preparation of high absorption layer: 50-100nm diameter nano-scale tubular titanium-based material is mixed with sodium silicate inorganic adhesive at a mass ratio of 7:3 and applied by air spraying.

[0040] The spraying parameters are set as follows: nozzle diameter 0.8-1.2 mm, pressure 0.4 MPa, distance 30 cm, and wet film thickness 80-100 μm. Curing conditions: baking at 150-200℃ for 2-4 hours, preferably at 150℃ for 3 hours, to form a uniform coating with a porosity of <5% and an absorption rate of ≥92%.

[0041] S3. The low-emitting layer was prepared using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) to create the SiO2 coating. S31, Gas Ratio: The flow rates were 50 sccm and 200 sccm, respectively; S32. The process parameters are: pressure of 100Pa, RF power of 300W, RF frequency of 13.56MHz, and the temperature of the heat absorber (5) of 200-250℃, preferably 220℃. S33, Deposition time: 5 minutes, forming a transparent film with a thickness of 500 nm and an emissivity ≤0.15. S34. Post-treatment: Use stepped cooling to room temperature, i.e., first from 250℃ to 150℃, then from 150℃ to 80℃, and finally from 80℃ to room temperature, each stage lasting 10 minutes, to reduce thermal stress and avoid cracking caused by thermal stress.

[0042] S4. Key points for performance tuning: By adjusting... The proportion of the thin film composition is controlled to ensure that the refractive index is stable at 1.46±0.02. If the edge thickness deviation is >5%, the pressure can be reduced to 80Pa or the temperature gradient of the heat absorber plate (5) can be finely adjusted to improve uniformity.

[0043] Example 2: Preferred solutions include Figure 4 In this embodiment, a second implementation based on Embodiment 1 is shown. The main difference between the heat absorber plate 5 in this embodiment and the heat absorber plate 5 in Embodiment 1 is that a visual marker 6 is provided on the surface of the heat absorber plate 5. The visual marker 6 moves synchronously with the dynamic deformation of the habitat induction and repulsion device, and transmits specific visual stimuli associated with deformation disturbance to the target birds, thereby inducing the target birds to establish a conditioned reflex of avoiding deformation disturbance with the visual marker 6.

[0044] The visual identifier 6 consists of a high-contrast striped pattern formed by alternating first and second color stripes along the length of the heat absorber plate 5.

[0045] In this embodiment, birds possess a four-color vision system, including ultraviolet light receptors, and their sensitivity to color contrast far exceeds that of humans. The avian retina contains four types of cone cells: SWS1, SWS2, RH2, and LWS. SWS1, SWS2, RH2, and LWS correspond to the ultraviolet / violet (300-400nm), blue (400-500nm), green (500-600nm), and red (600-700nm) sensitive regions, respectively, covering the full spectrum of 300-700nm.

[0046] For example, hummingbirds have a higher density of SWS1 cells in their temporal retina, which are used to track ultraviolet reflection patterns of flowers.

[0047] Specifically, such as Figure 4 As shown, the yellow and black stripes create a strong visual impact in the eyes of birds. Specifically, the yellow (570-590nm) provides a strong stimulus to the LWS opsin sensitive area of ​​birds, while the black (reflectivity <5%) creates an extreme contrast across the entire spectrum.

[0048] Experiments have shown that birds can recognize yellow and black stripes 60% faster than monochrome. Especially in ultraviolet environments, the ultraviolet reflection (320-400nm) of the yellow area and the ultraviolet absorption of black form a double contrast. In other words, the combination of yellow and black creates an extreme contrast in the spectrum. Especially in ultraviolet environments, yellow exhibits a more vivid fluorescent effect, further enhancing the signal strength. The addition of color to the heat absorber plate 5 is for the purpose of passively training the birds, so that the birds associate the combination of yellow and black with "danger", and regard it as a "dangerous area" and avoid it.

[0049] When the heat absorber plate 5 undergoes dynamic deformation, the visual identifier 6 fixed to the surface of the heat absorber plate 5 moves synchronously. This movement causes the high-spectral contrast pattern to change spatially, especially the alternating yellow and black stripes.

[0050] The target birds have a four-color visual system covering the spectral range of 300nm to 700nm, including ultraviolet light receptors, and are highly sensitive to spectral contrast.

[0051] Yellow is designated as the first color band, with its reflectance spectral peak located in the sensitive region of the avian LWS opsin, approximately 600-700 nm, providing strong stimulation. The material selected exhibits high reflectance (preferably >60%) in the visible light range of 570 nm to 590 nm and similarly high reflectance (preferably >40%) in the ultraviolet range of 320 nm to 400 nm, and is capable of fluorescence. For example, this can be achieved using a specifically formulated yellow paint or film.

[0052] Yellow paint can be made from either inorganic or organic pigments. In one feasible approach, the yellow paint is made from inorganic pigments: Among them, the inorganic pigment is iron oxide yellow. Iron oxide yellow It has high chemical stability, is resistant to UV radiation and high temperature (melting point >1500℃), and can maintain its color for 3-5 years without significant fading in desert environments, but its color saturation is low (leaning towards earthy yellow).

[0053] Among them, the inorganic pigment is lead chromate yellow. Iron oxide yellow It has excellent lightfastness and vibrant colors, but contains heavy metals, has poor environmental performance, and may react with sulfides and turn black under long-term high temperatures (requires the use of an anti-sulfur coating).

[0054] In one feasible approach, the yellow paint is made from organic pigments: Among them, the organic pigment is either benzidine yellow or quinacridone yellow. Organic pigments have bright and full colors, but poor weather resistance. They will fade significantly in 1-2 years under strong UV and high temperature, and are only suitable for short-term temporary scenarios.

[0055] Black is designated as the second color band, which exhibits extremely low reflectivity in both the visible and ultraviolet light bands. It is formed using materials with extremely low reflectivity (<5%) within a broad spectral range of 300nm to 700nm (covering both ultraviolet and visible light). For example, high-purity black coatings or light-absorbing materials can be used to achieve this.

[0056] Black pigments are primarily composed of carbon black (inorganic), which is extremely chemically inert, UV-resistant, heat-resistant, and does not decompose. Furthermore, sand abrasion has minimal impact on the visual appearance of the black color, and the black color is easily maintained even when the coating thins. In grassland or desert environments, high-quality carbon black pigments can remain essentially stable for 5-8 years.

[0057] The combination of the two forms a dual spectral extreme contrast in the visible light band (i.e., especially the contrast between 570-590nm and low reflectance) and the ultraviolet band (the contrast between the high ultraviolet reflectance / fluorescence of the first color band and the ultraviolet absorption of the second color band).

[0058] During implementation, the heat-absorbing plate 5 and the visual markings 6 on its surface move synchronously under the pushing force of the target bird landing, causing the high-contrast striped pattern to exhibit dynamic changes in space.

[0059] The high reflectivity of the first color band strongly stimulates the LWS cone cells (sensitive area approximately 600-700nm) responsible for long-wavelength (red / yellow) perception in birds. The broadband extremely low reflectivity (<5%) of the second color band creates a significant brightness and color contrast with the first color band in the visible light region (especially 570-590nm).

[0060] Simultaneously, the high reflectance or fluorescence of the first color band in the ultraviolet band (320-400nm) and the strong absorption of the second color band in the same band create an additional ultraviolet spectral contrast. This dual spectral extreme contrast in a key spectral region sensitive to birds produces an extremely strong and undeniable signal in bird vision. The visual stimulation of high-intensity, dynamically changing spectral contrast patterns is highly synchronized in time and space with the physical disturbance caused by the dynamic deformation of the heat absorber 5. Through repeated perception of this association, target birds will gradually establish a conditioned reflex, associating the pattern presented by the specific high-spectral contrast visual identifier 6 with the disturbing environment unsuitable for inhabiting, thereby actively avoiding areas with the visual identifier 6.

[0061] This embodiment significantly improves the overall repelling efficiency of the device for target birds by adding visual marker 6.

[0062] Example 3: Preferred solutions include Figure 5 In this embodiment, a third implementation based on embodiments 1 and 2 is shown. The main difference between the visual identifier 6 in this embodiment and the visual identifier 6 in embodiments 1 and 2 is that: the surface of the visual identifier 6 is provided with alternating biomimetic optical microstructures 7, which trigger the activation of the motion detection neurons of the target bird by generating a dynamic flashing effect.

[0063] In this embodiment, the biomimetic optical microstructure 7 is implemented using the following two optional methods: In one feasible approach, such as Figure 5 , 6 As shown, the biomimetic optical microstructure 7 is selected as a scaly concave-convex surface structure. The scaly concave-convex surface structure is composed of multiple periodically arranged micron-sized pits or protrusions, with a unit size of 10-200 micrometers, preferably 50-150 micrometers.

[0064] The scaly concave-convex structure has concave sidewalls, and the inclination angle of the sidewalls relative to the heat absorber plate 5 is set in the range of 15° to 45°.

[0065] The scaly, uneven surface structure increases the reflectivity of visual identifier 6 to 1.5 to 2.0 times that of a flat surface of the same material in the ultraviolet band of 320 nm to 400 nm. This effect stems from the enhanced reflection of light in specific wavelengths by the periodic uneven interface.

[0066] In practice, the principle of dynamic spectral shift is utilized. Due to the presence of concave sidewalls, when the incident light angle or the viewing angle (i.e., the angle of view when a bird approaches in flight) changes, the peak wavelength of the reflected spectrum of the scaly, uneven surface structure dynamically shifts with the incident angle. For example, it shifts around 370 nm in the ultraviolet band, and the shift range can cover 370 nm to 400 nm. This dynamic spectral change simulates the "scintillation effect" of hummingbird feathers in nature.

[0067] In one feasible approach, such as Figure 5 , 7 As shown, the biomimetic optical microstructure 7 is selected as a hemispherical convex structure. The hemispherical convex structure is composed of multiple hemispherical or flat conical micro-protrusions. The bottom diameter D of a single hemispherical convex structure is 50 micrometers to 200 micrometers, preferably 80-150 micrometers.

[0068] Hemispherical convex structures are randomly distributed on the surface of visual identifier 6, with a distribution density of 500 to 2000 protrusions per square centimeter.

[0069] It should be noted that, in wide-angle reflection or scattering, the curved geometry of the hemispherical convex structure causes incident light (including ultraviolet and visible light) to produce approximate specular reflection and diffuse reflection in different regions of the convex surface (the region with gentle curvature at the top and the region with steep curvature on the sides), respectively. The top of the hemisphere has a gentle curvature to form specular reflection for direct light, and the sides have an inclined curvature to form diffuse reflection for oblique light, together achieving 360° range of light coverage; Specifically, when sunlight, including ultraviolet and visible light—bands perceptible to birds—shines on a convex surface, the curvature of the surface causes the incident light to be reflected differently at different locations: The top of a convex surface (where the curvature is most gentle) reflects direct light more like a "specular reflection," which can reflect light to a greater distance. The reflection of oblique light by the convex side (where the curvature is steeper) is closer to "diffuse reflection", which disperses the light to a larger angle around it, that is, multiple directions within a range of 360°. This hybrid reflection pattern of "top mirror and side diffused light" ensures that birds can receive reflected light whether they approach the heat absorber 5 from above, the side, or below. Since birds generally have a field of vision of over 300°, such as raptors with a field of vision of about 340°, this "no blind spots" signal coverage is the basis for the warning effect.

[0070] In practice, in a natural environment, the angle of sunlight continuously changes with time (sunrise and sunset) and weather (cloud movement). Birds themselves also constantly change their observation angle during flight, that is, they change with the angle of sunlight incidence or the bird's observation perspective. At this time, the reflected light from the convex surface will produce real-time brightness fluctuations as the angle of incidence changes. When sunlight shines directly on the surface, the top of the convex surface reflects strong light; when sunlight shines at an angle, the proportion of weak light reflected by the side increases, and the overall brightness decreases. When birds fly, the change in their perspective relative to a convex surface causes the reflected light from a single convex surface to appear "bright and dim" in the bird's eyes, similar to the flickering of distant lights as they move.

[0071] This "dynamic flickering" is not random noise, but a regular change that conforms to the laws of physics. It can be quickly captured by the bird's visual system. In other words, the intensity of the reflected light from a single hemispherical convex structure presents a "flickering" effect with regular brightness fluctuations in the eyes of the target bird. Multiple randomly distributed convex points work together to form a dense dynamic signal field.

[0072] Birds' recognition of "danger signals" relies on innate, evolutionarily formed visual preferences, and the optical output of a convex surface happens to match these preferences, making it innately sensitive to "dynamic signals".

[0073] In nature, the warning colors of poisonous or aggressive creatures, such as wasps, tussock moths, and rattlesnakes, are often accompanied by "dynamic reinforcement." Wasps' wings reflect light and flash when they fly, and tussock moths' markings change in brightness when they flap their wings. This combination of "dynamic and warning colors" is a "danger conditioned reflex" that birds have developed during evolution.

[0074] The "flickering that changes with angle / time" generated by the convex surface perfectly simulates the dynamic characteristics of this natural danger signal, which is more likely to trigger the bird's avoidance instinct than a static flat or concave surface. In this solution, the target bird generates a "danger signal" in response to visual stimuli under the conditions of long-term training based on Examples 1 and 2, thus preventing the target bird from landing on the photovoltaic panel 3.

[0075] This is also to enhance the perception of the "high contrast" of the target birds. Birds' tetrachromatic vision has a much higher ability to distinguish color contrast than humans. The yellow and black stripes already form a high contrast, and the reflective properties of the convex surface can further enhance this contrast. Under ultraviolet light, the intensity of the reflected ultraviolet light from the convex surface in the yellow area fluctuates with the angle, making the yellow appear as a "more vivid fluorescent flash" in the eyes of birds. The brightness difference between the black area (absorbing light) and the yellow area (flickering reflection) is dynamically amplified, forming a "strong stimulus of alternating light and dark," which is more easily recognized by the bird's visual center as an "abnormal signal that needs to be avoided" caused by long-term passive training in Example 1 above.

[0076] Furthermore, the hemispherical convex structure is also resistant to pollution and water accumulation. The outward convex geometry facilitates rainwater washing and dust sliding off. Compared with the scale-like concave-convex structure, it is less likely to accumulate pollutants or water, resulting in higher optical performance stability in long-term outdoor environments. At the same time, the hemispherical convex structure has a more uniform stress distribution under thermal expansion and contraction or wind action, stronger resistance to deformation, and is less likely to develop cracks that could lead to optical function failure.

[0077] Specifically, the heat absorber plate 5 needs to withstand the temperature difference caused by sunlight heating and nighttime cooling, as well as physical effects such as wind force, over a long period of time. The convex structure of the hemispherical convex surface extends outwards, dispersing stress when subjected to force. Similar to the mechanical structure of an arch bridge, it is not easily deformed by thermal expansion and contraction or wind.

[0078] This embodiment solves the problem of signal capture under a wide field of view for target birds by using "wide-area light reflection", matches the birds' innate sensitivity mechanism to "danger signals" by using "dynamic flashing light changes", and ensures long-term effectiveness outdoors by using "interference-resistant structural characteristics".

[0079] This upgrades the visual warning signal of yellow and black stripes from a "static presence" to a "dynamic, all-around, highly recognizable danger warning," ultimately preventing birds from landing more effectively.

[0080] The biomimetic optical microstructure 7 reduces the number of times birds stop at a plane from 12 times / day to 2 times / day, and increases the escape speed after the first contact from 2m / s to 4.5m / s. This effect is particularly significant during dawn and dusk (when the proportion of ultraviolet light is high), and the escape rate is higher than in the morning.

[0081] Example 4: Preferred solutions include Figure 8 , 9 This embodiment illustrates a fourth implementation method based on embodiments 1, 2, and 3. The main difference between the heat-absorbing plate 5 in this embodiment and the heat-absorbing plate 5 in embodiments 1, 2, and 3 is that: Elastic Tentacles at the Edge: Elastic tendrils 8 made of steel wire with a diameter of 0.9-1.2mm are added to the upper edge of the top of the heat absorber plate 5. The diameter of the elastic tendrils 8 is preferably 1mm. There are multiple elastic tendrils 8, each 15-20cm long, with a spacing of 18-22cm, preferably 20mm. One end of the steel wire is spirally wound into a thread shape, and the other end is ground into an arc shape. The spiral structure of the elastic tendrils 8 is formed by a winding process, and the thread spacing is adapted to the elastic deformation range to ensure structural integrity under dynamic load. The other end extends 10-15cm along the width of the heat absorber plate 5. When the magpie lands, the tendrils undergo a 10-15° elastic deformation under external force, which, combined with the micro-vibration of the 0.5mm thickness of the heat absorber plate 5 itself, forms a dual-balanced interference.

[0082] When the wind speed is ≥ level 3, the elastic antennae 8 generate a high frequency vibration of 5-10Hz with the airflow, which causes the heat absorption plate 5 to resonate slightly. This "unstable support signal" will cause the magpie to instinctively avoid it.

[0083] First, regarding the selection of the elastic tentacles 8, manganese steel wire is used because its elastic modulus is just right. If 85# steel wire is selected, which is too hard, the deformation range is small, and the magpie may feel "rigid resistance" when it steps on it, and will try to use more force to grasp it. If 55# manganese steel wire is selected, which is too soft, it is easy to be bent after being stepped on and cannot rebound, thus losing the continuous interference effect.

[0084] The 65# steel wire used can bend at a 10-15° angle when subjected to the force of a magpie landing on its single claw, and rebound within 0.5 seconds after being released. This dynamic feedback of "shaking upon touch and rebounding upon release" makes the magpie feel that "the support point is always moving", and it will instinctively give up stopping.

[0085] The length is set to 10-15cm during installation because it is designed for the claw spacing of magpies. When a magpie is an adult, the distance between its two front claws is about 7-9cm. This spacing ensures that at least one claw will touch the elastic antennae 8 when it lands. When the magpie wants to land on the upper edge of the heat absorber plate 5, its claw will touch the outward elastic antennae 8 first, and it will be disturbed before it can step on the heat absorber plate 5. This is equivalent to establishing a "defense line" in advance.

[0086] The ends are rounded to prevent sharp edges from scratching birds, which is eco-friendly. In addition, the surface of the elastic tentacles can be treated with black anodizing, which enhances heat absorption under the desert sun. Slight heating does not affect elasticity, but it can make the tentacles 3-5°C warmer than the environment, further reducing the magpie's willingness to land on them, and also prevents rust caused by sand abrasion.

[0087] In actual use, desert gusts (level 3-5) will cause the elastic tentacles 8 to sway slightly, with an amplitude of 1-2cm. This "slight movement even without wind" state continuously conveys the signal that "this place is unstable" to the magpie, increasing the deterrent effect by about 40% compared to the completely still elastic tentacles 8. If sand particles become entangled, the elastic swaying of the elastic tentacles 8 will automatically shake them off, requiring virtually no additional cleaning, making it suitable for low-maintenance desert environments.

[0088] Example 5: Preferred solutions include Figures 10 to 13 This embodiment illustrates a fifth implementation method based on Embodiments 1 and 2. Compared to the locking member 4 in Embodiment 1, the locking member 4 in this embodiment enables the perch-inducing and repelling member to be stably connected to the photovoltaic panel 3 through the locking member 4. This ensures that the perch-inducing and repelling member maintains a predetermined position and shape at the top of the photovoltaic panel 3, preventing damage to the equipment due to thermal stress when both ends are fixed. This continuously repels birds and reduces the probability of birds staying. The main difference is that the locking member 4 is rigidly fixed to the top of the photovoltaic panel 3 on one side, and the locking member 4 has a reserved expansion space for sliding connection with the perch-inducing and repelling member. This releases temperature stress and prevents the perch-inducing and repelling member from warping due to excessive constraint. In this embodiment, as Figure 11 , 12 As shown, the locking component 4 includes a housing 41 fixed to one side of the top of the photovoltaic panel 3 and a slide rail 42 fixed to one side of the housing 41. The total length of the slide rail 42 and the housing 41 is consistent with the length of the top of the photovoltaic panel 3 and are parallel to each other.

[0089] Two sliders 410 are symmetrically provided on the habitat inducer and desiccant. The habitat inducer and desiccant can slide or be positioned relative to the outer shell 41 by means of the sliders 410 along the slide rail 42. The sliders 410 and the slide rail 42 are adapted to achieve sliding connection.

[0090] Furthermore, the locking component 4 also includes a fixed cup 43, a movable cup 44, a limiting plate 45, an annular recess 46, a return spring 47, a steel ball 48, and a pin 49; The fixing cup 43 is fixedly disposed inside the outer shell 41, and the fixing cup 43 provides a radial limiting base for the steel ball 48; The movable cup 44 is slidably fitted inside the fixed cup 43 along the axial direction, and the movable cup 44 and the fixed cup 43 are coaxially arranged; the movable cup 44 has two radially symmetrically mirrored limiting holes, and the steel ball 48 is accommodated in the radial limiting holes, which restrict the steel ball 48 to move only along the radial direction of the fixed cup 43; the movable cup 44 is provided with a limiting plate 45 to restrict the offset of the steel ball 48; The inner wall of the outer casing 41 is provided with an annular recess 46. One side of the return spring 47 abuts against the limiting plate 45 inside the movable cup 44, and the other side abuts against the annular recess 46. It is used to apply an axial elastic force toward the fixed cup 43 to the movable cup 44 to restrict the movable cup 44 from moving axially away from the annular recess 46. The fixed cup 43 and the movable cup 44 are both frustoconical at the end facing the pin 49, and the fixed cup 43 and the movable cup 44 are coaxially provided with insertion holes for the pin 49 to pass through, so as to adapt to the extrusion fit of the steel ball 48. The outer wall of the end of the pin 49 is provided with an annular groove, and the pin 49 can be inserted into the receiving space between the fixed cup 43 and the movable cup 44, so that the steel ball 48 is embedded in the annular groove; When the movable cup 44 moves toward the fixed cup 43 under the elastic force of the return spring 47, the frustoconical outer wall of the fixed cup 43 and the frustoconical inner wall of the movable cup 44 can jointly compress the steel ball 48 contained in the radial limiting hole of the movable cup 44, so as to lock the insertion pin 49.

[0091] During implementation, in the locked state, the return spring 47 applies an axial elastic force toward the fixed cup 43 to the movable cup 44, causing the movable cup 44 and the fixed cup 43 to jointly compress the steel ball 48 contained in the radial limiting hole. Due to the radial limiting effect of the fixed cup 43, and in conjunction with the radial limiting hole of the movable cup 44, the steel ball 48 can only move radially. Therefore, the steel ball 48 is tightly pressed into the annular groove of the pin 49, thereby "locking" the pin 49 and achieving the locking of the pin 49.

[0092] In the unlocked state, when a strong magnet acts on the movable cup 44, the movable cup 44 overcomes the elastic force of the return spring 47 and moves axially away from the fixed cup 43. At this time, the space between the fixed cup 43 and the movable cup 44 increases, and the steel ball 48 can move radially outward along the fixed cup 43 and disengage from the annular groove of the pin 49, thereby releasing the lock on the pin 49 and unlocking the pin 49.

[0093] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0094] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are for distinguishing similar objects and are limited to descriptive purposes. They should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features, nor are they necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate for the embodiments of the invention described herein.

[0095] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0096] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the above embodiments are merely preferred technical solutions and should not be considered as limitations on the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention should be defined by the technical solutions described in the claims, including equivalent substitutions of the technical features described in the claims. That is, equivalent substitutions and improvements within this scope are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module for preventing birds from landing, comprising a column, a support frame, and a photovoltaic panel, wherein the upper end of the column is connected to the photovoltaic panel via the support frame to form an A-frame structure, characterized in that, It also includes a locking device. A dynamically deformable perching inducer and de-escalator is installed on the top of the photovoltaic panel via the locking device. The perching inducer and de-escalator generates periodic or non-periodic deformation interference through dynamic deformation. The deformation interference forms an interactive feedback with the perching behavior of the target birds. The surface of the habitat-inducing and deterrent device is equipped with visual markers. The visual markers move synchronously with the dynamic deformation of the habitat-inducing and deterrent device, transmitting specific visual stimuli associated with deformation disturbance to the target birds, and inducing the target birds to establish a conditioned reflex of avoiding deformation disturbance by visual markers. The photovoltaic panel and the perch-inducing and deterrent device are collinear. The perch-inducing and deterrent device forms an inclined angle with the ground through the photovoltaic panel. The angle of the inclined angle is 36°. The 36° inclined angle makes the perch-inducing and deterrent device prevent birds from landing and form an effective grip. The habitat-inducing and deterrent device is a heat-absorbing plate, which is made of aluminum alloy. A groove is formed between the edge of the heat-absorbing plate and the locking element to guide the outflow of bird droppings; A composite functional coating is provided on the outer surface of the substrate of the heat absorber plate by physical deposition or chemical coating. The composite functional coating includes a high absorption layer formed on the surface of the heat absorber plate, which can convert incident solar radiation into heat energy; and a low emission layer disposed on the high absorption layer, which can suppress the loss of thermal radiation energy. The visual identifier includes a first color band and a second color band that are alternately arranged along the length of the heat absorber plate to form a high-spectral-contrast stripe pattern. The first color band is yellow and the second color band is black. The surface of the visual identifier is provided with alternating biomimetic optical microstructures. The biomimetic optical microstructures are set on the first color band. The biomimetic optical microstructures trigger the activation of the motion detection neurons of the target bird by generating a dynamic flashing effect. Bionic optical microstructures are either scaly concave-convex structures or hemispherical convex structures. The biomimetic optical microstructure is a scaly concave-convex structure, which consists of multiple periodically arranged micron-sized pits or protrusions. The scaly concave-convex structure has concave sidewalls that refract obliquely incident light and scatter it in multiple directions. The inclination angle of the concave sidewalls relative to the heat absorber plate is 15° to 45°.

2. The photovoltaic module for preventing birds from landing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The biomimetic optical microstructure is a hemispherical convex structure, which is composed of multiple hemispherical micro-protrusions. Micro-protrusions are irregularly and randomly distributed on the surface of the visual sign to form a dense dynamic signal field. The top of the hemispherical shape has a gentle curve to form a specular reflection of direct light, and the sides have an inclined curve to form a diffuse reflection of oblique light.

3. The photovoltaic module for preventing birds from landing according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple elastic tentacles are fixedly installed at the top edge of the heat absorber plate, and the multiple elastic tentacles are distributed at intervals along the length direction of the heat absorber plate. One end of the elastic tendril forms a threaded structure by rotating around the thread and is fixedly connected to the heat absorber plate. The other end extends outward along the width of the heat absorber plate. The end of the extended section of the elastic tendril is arc-shaped. It can produce elastic deformation under the action of external force. The elastic deformation and the micro-vibration movement of the heat absorber plate form a dynamic coupling.

4. The photovoltaic module for preventing birds from landing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The locking mechanism includes a housing located on one side of the top of the photovoltaic panel and a slide rail located on one side of the housing; Two sliders are symmetrically arranged on the habitat-inducing and repelling device, and the habitat-inducing and repelling device slides or is positioned along the slide rail by means of the sliders.

5. The photovoltaic module for preventing birds from landing according to claim 4, characterized in that, The locking components also include a fixed cup, a movable cup, a limiting plate, an annular recess, a return spring, a steel ball, and a pin; The fixed cup is located inside the outer shell, and the movable cup is slidably fitted inside the fixed cup along the axial direction. The movable cup has two radially symmetrical limiting holes. The steel ball is accommodated in the radial limiting holes. The radial limiting holes restrict the steel ball to move only along the radial direction of the fixed cup. The movable cup is provided with a limiting plate to restrict the steel ball from deflecting. An annular recess is located on the inner wall of the housing. One side of the return spring abuts against the limiting plate, and the other side abuts against the annular recess. By applying an axial elastic force toward the fixed cup to the movable cup, the movement of the movable cup away from the annular recess in the axial direction is restricted. The fixed cup and the movable cup are coaxially provided with insertion holes for the insertion pin to pass through. The outer wall of the end of the insertion pin is provided with an annular groove. The insertion pin can be inserted into the receiving space between the fixed cup and the movable cup, so that the steel ball is embedded in the annular groove.

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