Self-adapting rotating device for surface sand blasting and passivation treatment of shell type parts

Abstract

The application discloses a self-adaptive rotating device for surface sand blasting and passivation treatment process of a cover shell type part, which comprises a sand blasting workpiece rotating disc and a sand blasting gun with adjustable spraying pitch angle corresponding to each other, and the sand blasting workpiece rotating disc is provided with a self-adaptive workpiece constraint unit adaptive to the inner contour of the workpiece; the cover shell type workpiece is on the sand blasting workpiece rotating disc, and the inner contour of the cover shell type workpiece is adaptively constrained by the self-adaptive workpiece constraint unit on the sand blasting workpiece rotating disc, so that the cover shell type workpiece rotates synchronously with the sand blasting workpiece rotating disc; and the fixing problem of special-shaped inner contour workpieces in the sand blasting process is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of sandblasting passivation process for housing parts. Background Technology

[0002] When sandblasting and passivating the surface of shell-like parts, the outer surface needs to be sandblasted, and therefore cannot be clamped. Only the inner contour of the workpiece can be constrained. Fixed special fixtures or general-purpose three-jaw chucks are typically used to hold the workpiece in place. However, these fixed fixtures are usually custom-made for workpieces of specific shapes and sizes and cannot accommodate shell-like workpieces with non-standard circular or irregular polygonal inner contours, such as rectangles or irregular polygons. If the workpiece model changes, the fixture must be redesigned and manufactured, resulting in high costs and long lead times.

[0003] General-purpose fixtures such as three-jaw chucks can only provide a limited number of clamping points and can only clamp rotating bodies and standard polygonal inner contour workpieces. Therefore, there is a lack of a fixing device that can automatically and reliably adapt to and constrain non-standard irregular inner contour shell-like workpieces and ensure that they remain absolutely synchronized during rotary sandblasting. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides an adaptive rotation device for the surface sandblasting passivation process of cover-type parts, which solves the problem of fixing irregularly shaped inner contour workpieces during the sandblasting process.

[0005] Technical solution: To achieve the above objective, the adaptive rotation device for the surface sandblasting passivation process of the cover-type parts of the present invention includes a corresponding sandblasting workpiece turntable and a sandblasting gun with an adjustable spray pitch angle. The sandblasting workpiece turntable is provided with an adaptive workpiece constraint unit that adapts to the inner contour of the workpiece. The cover-type workpiece is located on the sandblasting workpiece turntable, and the inner contour of the cover-type workpiece is adaptively constrained by the adaptive workpiece constraint unit on the sandblasting workpiece turntable, so that the cover-type workpiece rotates synchronously with the sandblasting workpiece turntable.

[0006] Furthermore, the adaptive workpiece constraint unit includes several pulleys that are initially arranged in a circular array on the upper side of the sandblasting workpiece turntable; The sandblasting workpiece turntable has several hollow guide grooves arranged in a circumferential array along the radial direction, and each pulley corresponds to one hollow guide groove; each pulley can move along the extension direction of its corresponding hollow guide groove.

[0007] Furthermore, slip rings or bearings are rotatably fitted on the outer rings at both the upper and lower ends of the pulley; the outer rings of the slip rings or bearings can rotate freely relative to the pulley along the axis.

[0008] Furthermore, the inner ring of each pulley is coaxially connected to the pulley shaft through a torque limiter, and each pulley shaft passes vertically downward through the corresponding hollow guide groove. The lower end of the pulley shaft is connected to a slider through a bearing, and a gear is coaxially fixed at the lower part of the pulley shaft. Each hollow guide groove has a linear rack fixedly mounted on its lower side via a support plate, and a guide rail is fixedly mounted on the lower side of each support plate. The linear rack and the guide rail are parallel to the corresponding hollow guide groove. The slider is guided and fitted in the guide rail, and the gear meshes with the linear rack. From a top-down perspective, when the gear rotates clockwise along the axis in sync with the pulley, the meshing drive between the gear and the linear rack causes the slider to move gradually away from the geometric center of the sandblasting workpiece turntable along the guide rail.

[0009] Furthermore, there are six pulleys in total, which are numbered sequentially in a clockwise direction as the first pulley, the second pulley, the third pulley, the fourth pulley, the fifth pulley, and the sixth pulley; Vertical a-drum and b-drum are arranged within the area enclosed by the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth pulleys, which are arranged in a circular array. In the initial state, the high-strength flexible material belt drawn from the belt roll on drum a passes over the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth pulleys on opposite sides, and the end of the belt is finally fixedly connected to drum b. The active rotation of drum b causes the belt drawn from drum a to gradually wind onto drum b. The belt moves along its own extension path, the belt roll on drum a gradually unwinds, and drum b gradually winds up. The clockwise linear movement of the belt along its own extension path will cause the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth pulleys to rotate clockwise around their respective axes under the action of rolling friction.

[0010] Furthermore, the outer diameter of the pulley is larger than the pitch circle diameter of the gear.

[0011] Furthermore, the sandblasting workpiece turntable is equipped with torque output unit a and torque output unit b, which drive and connect to drum a and drum b, respectively; it also includes a drive device that can drive the sandblasting workpiece turntable to rotate.

[0012] Furthermore, the inner contour of a shell-type workpiece includes at least two opposing long inner contour edges and two opposing short inner contour edges.

[0013] Furthermore, the taut belt moving clockwise along its own extension path will, under the action of rolling friction, drive the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth pulleys to rotate clockwise around their respective axes in the form of torque. The torque applied by the belt to the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth pulleys is transmitted to their respective gears through torque limiters. Driven by the meshing of the gears and linear racks, each slider moves along the guide rail away from the geometric center of the sandblasting workpiece turntable. This causes each slider to in turn drive the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth pulleys to move outwards away from the geometric center of the sandblasting workpiece turntable. As the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth pulleys gradually move outwards away from the geometric center of the sandblasting workpiece turntable, the slip rings or bearings on the outer rings of these four pulleys first become tangent to the long inner contour edge of the shell-like workpiece. Therefore, under the rigid constraint of the long inner contour edge of the shell-like workpiece, the first, third, fourth, and sixth pulleys cannot move further away from the geometric center of the sandblasting workpiece turntable, thus rigidly locking them to the first, third, and fourth pulleys. The gear corresponding to the sixth pulley; at this time, since the taut belt is still moving clockwise along its own extension path, the torque limiters corresponding to the first, third, fourth, and sixth pulleys reach the set slippage torque threshold, thereby releasing the synchronization relationship between the first, third, fourth, and sixth pulleys and their corresponding gears. As a result, the first, third, fourth, and sixth pulleys no longer move away from the geometric center of the sandblasting workpiece turntable, but can still rotate smoothly under the linear friction driving force of the belt. Meanwhile, before the second and fifth pulleys have contacted the short inner contour edge of the shell-like workpiece, the second and fifth pulleys continue to move away from the geometric center of the sandblasting workpiece turntable under the meshing drive of the corresponding gears and linear racks, until the slip rings or bearings of the outer rings of the second and fifth pulleys are tangent to the short inner contour edge of the shell-like workpiece.

[0014] Beneficial effects: This invention provides an adaptive rotation device that solves the problem of fixing irregularly shaped workpieces with internal contours during sandblasting. Its main innovations are as follows: A circular array of pulleys is used as the constraint actuator. All pulleys are driven to rotate synchronously through a closed-loop flexible belt, and the rotational motion of the pulleys is converted into radial linear expansion motion by a gear-rack transmission pair. This mechanism enables the constraint unit to actively expand from the inside out from the center of the workpiece until all pulleys are tightly fitted to the inner contour of the workpiece, realizing adaptive envelope constraint for non-standard and irregular inner contours.

[0015] A torque limiter is introduced into each pulley drive chain, which is key to achieving "adaptive" behavior. When a pulley contacts the inner wall of the workpiece and is obstructed, its torque increases. When it reaches a preset value, the torque limiter slips, automatically cutting off the radial expansion power of that pulley while preserving its rotational freedom. This allows the device to prioritize the expansion of pulleys that are not yet in contact with the workpiece until all pulleys are in contact with the inner wall of the workpiece, thus perfectly adapting to irregular shapes. This not only achieves intelligent locking of each pulley individually but also provides overload protection, preventing damage to the mechanism due to rigid jamming.

[0016] It adopts a design with a large-diameter pulley and a small-diameter gear, with a diameter ratio of ≥5:1. By utilizing the lever principle, the torque generated by the friction of the belt is amplified into a powerful radial driving force of the gear-rack pair, ensuring a smooth and powerful expansion process and overcoming motion resistance. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a typical shell-type workpiece; Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating the working process of this solution; Figure 3 This is a disassembled diagram of the device; Figure 4 This solution omits the top view of the shell-like workpiece. Figure 5 This is a top-down sectional view of the shell class before it is fully constrained. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission structure on the lower side of each hollowed-out guide groove. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0019] like Figures 1 to 6The adaptive rotation device for the surface sandblasting passivation process of the shell-like parts shown includes a corresponding sandblasting workpiece turntable 3 and a sandblasting gun 30 with an adjustable spray pitch angle. The sandblasting workpiece turntable 3 is equipped with an adaptive workpiece constraint unit that adapts to the inner contour of the workpiece. The shell-like workpiece 2 is located on the sandblasting workpiece turntable 3, and its inner contour is adaptively constrained by the adaptive workpiece constraint unit on the turntable 3, thus allowing the shell-like workpiece 2 to rotate synchronously with the turntable 3. In the prior art, surface sandblasting passivation of shell-like parts typically uses fixed fixtures or general-purpose fixtures to fix the workpiece. However, for shell-like workpieces with non-standard or irregular inner contours, traditional fixtures often cannot provide uniform and stable constraints, leading to workpiece loosening or asynchronous rotation during sandblasting, affecting sandblasting quality and efficiency. This invention addresses this problem by proposing an adaptive rotation device that can adapt to workpieces with different inner contour shapes, ensuring the stability and consistency of the sandblasting process. The sandblasting gun 30 can adjust its spray pitch angle via a hinge mechanism to adapt to the surface contours of different workpieces.

[0020] like Figure 3 The adaptive workpiece constraint unit includes several pulleys 11 arranged in a circular array on the upper side of the sandblasting workpiece turntable 3 in the initial state; the axis of each pulley 11 is vertical; several hollow guide grooves 9 extending in the radial direction are arranged in a circular array on the sandblasting workpiece turntable 3, and each pulley 11 corresponds to one hollow guide groove 9; each pulley 11 can be displaced along the extension direction of its corresponding hollow guide groove 9.

[0021] like Figure 3 As shown, each pulley 11 has a belt body crossing groove 12 on its outer ring waist; slip rings 14 or bearings are rotatably fitted onto the outer rings at both the upper and lower ends of the pulley 11; the outer rings of the slip rings 14 or bearings can rotate freely relative to the pulley 11 along the axis, so that after the outer rings of the slip rings 14 or bearings contact the inner contour of the housing-like workpiece 2, the inner contour of the housing-like workpiece 2 will not create frictional resistance to the rotation of the pulley 11. The slip rings 14 or bearings are preferably stainless steel deep groove ball bearings, with the inner ring fixed to the pulley 11 and the outer ring able to rotate freely. When contacting the inner contour of the workpiece, the outer ring of the bearing moves relative to the workpiece, while the inner ring rotates together with the pulley 11, thereby avoiding frictional resistance affecting the rotation of the pulley 11. The surface of the belt body crossing groove 12 is polished to reduce wear with the belt body 6.

[0022] The inner ring of each pulley 11 is coaxially connected to the pulley shaft 20 through the torque limiter 13. Each pulley shaft 20 passes vertically downward through the corresponding hollow guide groove 9. The lower end of the pulley shaft 20 is rotatably connected to the slider 19 through the bearing 18. The lower part of the pulley shaft 20 is coaxially fixed with the gear 17. Each hollow guide groove 9 has a linear rack 15 fixedly mounted on its lower side via a support plate 33. Each support plate 33 also has a guide rail 16 fixed to its lower side. Both the linear rack 15 and the guide rail 16 are parallel to their corresponding hollow guide groove 9. The slider 19 is guided and fitted within the guide rail 16, and the gear 17 meshes with the linear rack 15. The torque limiter 13 is a friction-type torque limiter. When the pulley 11 experiences excessive resistance, the torque limiter 13 slips, disconnecting the transmission with the gear 17 and preventing damage to the mechanism.

[0023] like Figure 4 and 5 As shown in the top view, when gear 17 rotates clockwise along the axis synchronously with pulley 11, the slider 19 moves gradually away from the geometric center of the sandblasting workpiece turntable 3 along the guide rail 16 under the drive of gear 17 meshing with the linear rack 15. There are six pulleys 11 in total, which are sequentially designated as pulley 11a, pulley 11b, pulley 11c, pulley 11d, pulley 11e, and pulley 11f in a clockwise direction. When pulley 11 rotates clockwise, it drives gear 17 to rotate synchronously through torque limiter 13. Gear 17 meshes with the fixed linear rack 15, generating a radially outward force that pushes slider 19 outward along the guide rail 16. This design converts the rotational motion of pulley 11 into radial linear motion, thereby achieving the separation or convergence of pulley 11.

[0024] Vertical a-roller 4 and b-roller 5 are arranged within the area enclosed by the first pulley 11a, the second pulley 11b, the third pulley 11c, the fourth pulley 11d, the fifth pulley 11e and the sixth pulley 11f, which are arranged in a circular array.

[0025] In the initial state, the high-strength flexible belt 6, drawn from the roll 7 on drum a 4, sequentially crosses the opposite sides of the first pulley 11a, second pulley 11b, third pulley 11c, fourth pulley 11d, fifth pulley 11e, and sixth pulley 11f, before its end is finally fixedly connected to drum b 5. The active rotation of drum b 5 causes the belt 6 drawn from drum a 4 to gradually wind onto drum b 5, moving linearly along its own extension path. The roll 7 on drum a 4 gradually unwinds, while drum b 5 gradually winds up. The clockwise linear movement of the belt 6 along its own extension path, under the action of rolling friction, causes the first pulley 11a, second pulley 11b, third pulley 11c, fourth pulley 11d, fifth pulley 11e, and sixth pulley 11f to rotate clockwise around their respective axes. The belt 6 is made of high-strength nylon braided belt, possessing high tensile strength and wear resistance. Drum 4 (a) and drum 5 (b) are driven by servo motors. When drum 5 (b) winds up the belt 6, the belt 6 moves in the belt-crossing groove 12 of pulley 11, driving pulley 11 to rotate clockwise by rolling friction, similar to a belt drive mechanism.

[0026] The outer diameter of pulley 11 is significantly larger than the pitch circle diameter of gear 17, at least five times larger in this design. This means that when the torque generated by the rolling friction during the linear motion of belt 6 drives pulley 11 to rotate, the torque is transmitted to gear 17 via torque limiter 13. The meshing driving force between the small gear 17 and linear rack 15 is relatively large, significantly greater than the motion resistance of slider 19 as it moves along guide rail 16 away from the geometric center of the sandblasting workpiece turntable 3. This motion resistance mainly comes from the tension of belt 6, allowing slider 19 to smoothly move along guide rail 16 away from the sandblasting workpiece turntable 3. When the torque generated by pulley 11 is transmitted to the small gear 17, the meshing driving force is amplified, thus overcoming the motion resistance of slider 19. The motion resistance mainly includes the friction of guide rail 16 and the tension of belt 6, typically less than 50N, while the meshing driving force of gear 17 and linear rack 15 can reach over 200N, ensuring smooth movement.

[0027] The sandblasting workpiece turntable 3 is equipped with torque output unit a10 and torque output unit b8, which drive and connect to drum a4 and drum b5, respectively. It also includes a drive device 1 that rotates the sandblasting workpiece turntable 3. Both torque output units a10 and b8 are servo motors, controlled synchronously by a PLC to ensure the belt 6 is always taut. The drive device 1 is a variable frequency geared motor with an output speed of 0.5-5 rpm, allowing the sandblasting workpiece turntable 3 to rotate slowly to meet the requirements of the sandblasting process.

[0028] like Figure 1 and Figure 5 In this solution, the inner contour of the shell-like workpiece 2 is neither a standard circular contour nor a standard regular polygonal inner contour, but a non-standard polygonal inner contour. Its inner contour includes at least two opposing long inner contour sides 2a and two opposing short inner contour sides 2b. The unique adaptive workpiece constraint unit of this solution can also adaptively constrain the inner contour of this non-standard irregular inner contour of the shell-like workpiece 2, thus fixing the shell-like workpiece 2 relative to the sandblasting workpiece turntable 3. The specific working process is as follows: Step 1: In the initial state, the first pulley 11a, the second pulley 11b, the third pulley 11c, the fourth pulley 11d, the fifth pulley 11e, and the sixth pulley 11f are arranged in a circular array and are relatively clustered together. In this state, the cover-type workpiece 2 can be smoothly covered by the first pulley 11a, the second pulley 11b, the third pulley 11c, the fourth pulley 11d, the fifth pulley 11e, and the sixth pulley 11f.

[0029] Step two: Guided by a vision camera, the robotic arm moves the shell-like workpiece 2 onto the sandblasting workpiece turntable 3, ensuring that the shell-like workpiece 2 is covered by the first pulley 11a, second pulley 11b, third pulley 11c, fourth pulley 11d, fifth pulley 11e, and sixth pulley 11f, which are in a mutually converging state. At this point, as... Figure 5 As shown.

[0030] Step 3: Torque output unit 8 drives drum 5 to rotate forcibly. The active rotation of drum 5 causes the belt 6 led out from drum 4 to gradually wind onto drum 5. The belt 6 moves along its own extension path, and the belt roll 7 on drum 4 gradually unwinds while drum 5 gradually winds up. At the same time, control torque output unit 10 to apply a reverse torque in the opposite direction to drum 4, so that the belt 6 led out from drum 4 is always in a relatively taut state. The taut belt 6 moves clockwise along its own extension path and, under the action of rolling friction, drives the first pulley 11a, the second pulley 11b, the third pulley 11c, the fourth pulley 11d, the fifth pulley 11e, and the sixth pulley 11f to rotate clockwise around their respective axes under the action of rolling friction.

[0031] The belt body 6 applies torque to the first pulley 11a, the second pulley 11b, the third pulley 11c, the fourth pulley 11d, the fifth pulley 11e, and the sixth pulley 11f respectively. After the torque is transmitted to the respective gears 17 through the torque limiters 13, under the meshing drive of the gears 17 and the linear rack 15, each slider 19 moves along the guide rail 16 away from the geometric center of the sandblasting workpiece turntable 3. In turn, each slider 19 drives the first pulley 11a, the second pulley 11b, the third pulley 11c, the fourth pulley 11d, the fifth pulley 11e, and the sixth pulley 11f to move outward away from the geometric center of the sandblasting workpiece turntable 3.

[0032] In this case, during the outward movement of the first pulley 11a, second pulley 11b, third pulley 11c, fourth pulley 11d, fifth pulley 11e, and sixth pulley 11f gradually moving away from the geometric center of the sandblasting workpiece turntable 3, the slip rings 14 or bearings on the outer rings of these four pulleys 11a, third pulley 11c, fourth pulley 11d, and sixth pulley 11f are first tangent to the long inner contour edge 2a of the casing-like workpiece 2. Therefore, under the rigid constraint of the long inner contour edge 2a of the casing-like workpiece 2, the first pulley 11a, third pulley 11b, fourth pulley 11c, and sixth pulley 11f cannot further move away from the geometric center of the sandblasting workpiece turntable 3, thus rigidly locking them to the first pulley 11a, third pulley 11b, fourth pulley 11d, and sixth pulley 11f. 1c, the gears 17 corresponding to the fourth pulley 11d and the sixth pulley 11f; at this time, since the taut belt 6 is still running along its own extension path in a clockwise direction, the torque limiters 13 corresponding to the first pulley 11a, the third pulley 11c, the fourth pulley 11d and the sixth pulley 11f reach the set slippage torque threshold, thereby releasing the synchronization relationship between the first pulley 11a, the third pulley 11c, the fourth pulley 11d and the sixth pulley 11f and the corresponding gears 17, so that the first pulley 11a, the third pulley 11c, the fourth pulley 11d and the sixth pulley 11f no longer continue to move away from the geometric center of the sandblasting workpiece turntable 3, and can still rotate smoothly under the linear motion friction driving force of the belt 6; Meanwhile, before the second pulley 11b and the fifth pulley 11e have contacted the short inner contour edge 2b of the shell-like workpiece 2, the second pulley 11b and the fifth pulley 11e continue to move away from the geometric center of the sandblasting workpiece turntable 3 under the meshing drive of the corresponding gear 17 and the linear rack 15, until the slip ring 14 or bearing of the outer ring of the second pulley 11b and the fifth pulley 11e is tangent to the short inner contour edge 2b of the shell-like workpiece 2. At this time, the second pulley 11b and the fifth pulley 11e cannot move further away from the geometric center of the sandblasting workpiece turntable 3 under the rigid constraint of the short inner contour edge 2b of the shell-like workpiece 2, thus rigidly locking the gear 17 corresponding to the second pulley 11b and the fifth pulley 11e; at this time, through the cooperation of the b torque output unit 8 and the a torque output unit 10, the belt body 6 is kept taut while the linear motion is paused. At this point, the two long inner contour edges 2a of the shell-like workpiece 2 are constrained by the first pulley 11a, the third pulley 11c, the fourth pulley 11d, and the sixth pulley 11f, while the two short inner contour edges 2b are constrained by the second pulley 11b and the fifth pulley 11e. Therefore, the shell-like workpiece 2 is synchronized with the sandblasting workpiece turntable 3 under the combined constraint of the first pulley 11a, the second pulley 11b, the third pulley 11c, the fourth pulley 11d, the fifth pulley 11e, and the sixth pulley 11f; thus, the adaptive constraint process for the workpiece is completed. Throughout the adaptive constraint process, the radial movement of the pulleys 11 is determined by the shape of the workpiece's inner contour. Through the intelligent disconnection of the torque limiter 13, it is ensured that each pulley 11 stops radial movement after contacting the workpiece but can still rotate, thereby adapting to non-standard irregular inner contours. This design eliminates the need for special fixtures and improves the versatility and efficiency of the equipment.

[0033] Then, the drive unit 1 drives the sandblasting workpiece turntable 3 to rotate slowly, causing the constrained shell-like workpiece 2 to rotate synchronously. Simultaneously, the sandblasting gun 30 sprays sand onto the side of the shell-like workpiece 2, adjusting the pitch angle accordingly. As the shell-like workpiece 2 rotates synchronously for one full revolution, it is completely sandblasted. The sandblasting gun 30 is connected to a compressed air system, with a working pressure typically between 0.5 and 0.8 MPa. The spraying medium is corundum or glass beads with a particle size range of 80-120 mesh. The pitch angle of the sandblasting gun 30 is adjusted via an electric push rod to ensure the spray stream is always perpendicular to the workpiece surface, achieving a uniform sandblasting effect.

[0034] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive rotating device for surface sandblasting and passivation treatment of shell-type parts, characterized in that: The equipment includes a sandblasting workpiece turntable (3) and a sandblasting gun (30) with an adjustable spray pitch angle. The sandblasting workpiece turntable (3) is provided with an adaptive workpiece constraint unit that adapts to the inner contour of the workpiece. The shell-type workpiece (2) is located on the sandblasting workpiece turntable (3), and the inner contour of the shell-type workpiece (2) is adaptively constrained by the adaptive workpiece constraint unit on the sandblasting workpiece turntable (3), so that the shell-type workpiece (2) rotates synchronously with the sandblasting workpiece turntable (3). The adaptive workpiece constraint unit includes several pulleys (11) arranged in a circular array on the upper side of the sandblasting workpiece turntable (3) in the initial state. The sandblasting workpiece turntable (3) is provided with several hollow guide grooves (9) extending in the radial direction in a circular array. Each pulley (11) corresponds to a hollow guide groove (9). Each pulley (11) can move along the extension direction of its corresponding hollow guide groove (9). The outer rings at both the upper and lower ends of the pulley (11) are fitted with slip rings (14) or bearings; the outer rings of the slip rings (14) or bearings can rotate freely relative to the pulley (11) along the axis. The inner ring of each pulley (11) is coaxially connected to the pulley shaft (20) through the torque limiter (13). Each pulley shaft (20) passes vertically downward through the corresponding hollow guide groove (9). The lower end of the pulley shaft (20) is rotatably connected to the slider (19) through the bearing (18). The lower part of the pulley shaft (20) is coaxially fixed with a gear (17). Each hollow guide groove (9) has a straight rack (15) fixedly installed on its lower side by a support plate (33), and each support plate (33) has a guide rail (16) fixed on its lower side. The straight rack (15) and the guide rail (16) are parallel to the corresponding hollow guide groove (9). The slider (19) is guided and fitted in the guide rail (16), and the gear (17) meshes with the straight rack (15). From a top-down perspective, when the gear (17) rotates clockwise along the axis in sync with the pulley (11), the slider (19) moves along the guide rail (16) away from the geometric center of the sandblasting workpiece turntable (3) under the meshing drive of the gear (17) and the linear rack (15). There are six pulleys (11) in total. The six pulleys (11) are named as follows in clockwise order: first pulley (11a), second pulley (11b), third pulley (11c), fourth pulley (11d), fifth pulley (11e) and sixth pulley (11f). Vertical a-roller (4) and b-roller (5) are arranged within the area enclosed by the first pulley (11a), second pulley (11b), third pulley (11c), fourth pulley (11d), fifth pulley (11e) and sixth pulley (11f) arranged in a circular array. In the initial state, the high-strength flexible material belt (6) drawn from the belt roll (7) on drum a (4) passes sequentially across the opposite sides of the first pulley (11a), second pulley (11b), third pulley (11c), fourth pulley (11d), fifth pulley (11e), and sixth pulley (11f), and the end of the belt (6) is finally fixedly connected to drum b (5); the active rotation of drum b (5) will cause the belt (6) drawn from drum a (4) to gradually roll The belt (6) is wound on the b drum (5), and moves along its own extension path. The belt roll (7) on the a drum (4) is gradually unwound, while the b drum (5) is gradually wound up. The belt (6) moves clockwise along its own extension path and, under the action of rolling friction, drives the first pulley (11a), the second pulley (11b), the third pulley (11c), the fourth pulley (11d), the fifth pulley (11e), and the sixth pulley (11f) to rotate clockwise around their respective axes.

2. The adaptive rotation device for the surface sandblasting and passivation treatment process of the casing-type parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer diameter of the pulley (11) is larger than the pitch circle diameter of the gear (17).

3. The adaptive rotation device for the surface sandblasting and passivation treatment process of the casing-type parts according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sandblasting workpiece turntable (3) is equipped with a torque output unit (10) and a torque output unit (8), respectively. The torque output unit (10) and the torque output unit (8) drive and connect a drum (4) and a drum (5), respectively. It also includes a drive device (1) that can drive the sandblasting workpiece turntable (3) to rotate.

4. The adaptive rotation device for the surface sandblasting and passivation treatment process of the casing-type parts according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner contour of the shell-type workpiece (2) includes at least two opposing long inner contour edges (2a) and two opposing short inner contour edges (2b).

5. The adaptive rotation device for the surface sandblasting and passivation treatment process of the casing-type parts according to claim 4, characterized in that: The taut belt (6) moves clockwise along its own extension path. Under the action of rolling friction, it drives the first pulley (11a), the second pulley (11b), the third pulley (11c), the fourth pulley (11d), the fifth pulley (11e), and the sixth pulley (11f) to rotate clockwise around their respective axes in the form of torque. The belt (6) applies torque to the first pulley (11a), second pulley (11b), third pulley (11c), fourth pulley (11d), fifth pulley (11e) and sixth pulley (11f) respectively. The torque is then transmitted to their respective gears (17) through the torque limiters (13). Under the meshing drive of the gears (17) and the linear rack (15), each slider (19) moves along the guide rail (16) away from the geometric center of the sandblasting workpiece turntable (3). This causes each slider (19) to in turn drive the first pulley (11a), second pulley (11b), third pulley (11c), fourth pulley (11d), fifth pulley (11e) and sixth pulley (11f) to move outward away from the geometric center of the sandblasting workpiece turntable (3). As the first pulley (11a), second pulley (11b), third pulley (11c), fourth pulley (11d), fifth pulley (11e), and sixth pulley (11f) gradually move outward away from the geometric center of the sandblasting workpiece turntable (3), the slip rings (14) or bearings on the outer rings of these four pulleys (11a), third pulley (11c), fourth pulley (11d), and sixth pulley (11f) first become tangent to the long inner contour edge (2a) of the shell-like workpiece (2). Therefore, under the rigid constraint of the long inner contour edge (2a) of the shell-like workpiece (2), the first pulley (11a), third pulley (11b), fourth pulley (11c), and sixth pulley (11f) cannot further move away from the geometric center of the sandblasting workpiece turntable (3), thus rigidly locking them to the first pulley (11a), third pulley (11b), and sixth pulley (11f). 11c), the fourth pulley (11d) and the sixth pulley (11f) corresponding gears (17); at this time, since the taut belt (6) is still running along its own extension path in a clockwise direction, the torque limiter (13) corresponding to the first pulley (11a), the third pulley (11c), the fourth pulley (11d) and the sixth pulley (11f) reaches the set slip torque threshold, thereby releasing the synchronization relationship between the first pulley (11a), the third pulley (11c), the fourth pulley (11d) and the sixth pulley (11f) and the corresponding gears (17), so that the first pulley (11a), the third pulley (11c), the fourth pulley (11d) and the sixth pulley (11f) no longer continue to move away from the geometric center of the sandblasting workpiece turntable (3), and can still rotate smoothly under the linear motion friction driving force of the belt (6); Meanwhile, the second pulley (11b) and the fifth pulley (11e) have not yet come into contact with the short inner contour edge (2b) of the shell-like workpiece (2). Driven by the meshing of the corresponding gear (17) and the linear rack (15), the second pulley (11b) and the fifth pulley (11e) continue to move away from the geometric center of the sandblasting workpiece turntable (3) until the slip ring (14) or bearing of the outer ring of the second pulley (11b) and the fifth pulley (11e) is tangent to the short inner contour edge (2b) of the shell-like workpiece (2).

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