Vehicle window glass and vehicle

Abstract

The present application provides a vehicle window glass and a vehicle, which maintain low haze and high visible light transmittance of the vehicle window glass during long-term use of the vehicle, thereby improving driving safety and driving experience of the driver and passengers. The vehicle window glass includes a glass body and a barrier layer, the glass body contains sodium ions, the glass body includes a signal transmission area, the barrier layer is located on a side of the glass body facing the interior of the vehicle, or the barrier layer is located in the glass body, the barrier layer covers the signal transmission area, the intermolecular gap of at least one layer of the barrier layer is smaller than the diameter of the sodium ions, and / or the surface pore of at least one layer of the barrier layer is smaller than the diameter of the sodium ions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vehicle technology, and more particularly to a vehicle window glass and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Over time, vehicle windows release sodium ions. These sodium ions react with condensation on the window surface and volatile organic compounds in the vehicle's interior to produce byproducts. These byproducts remain on the window surface, reducing visible light transmittance and haze, thus affecting the driving experience for passengers. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a vehicle window glass and a vehicle that maintains low fog and high visible light transmittance of the window glass during long-term use of the vehicle, thereby improving driving safety and the driving experience of passengers.

[0004] This application provides a vehicle window glass for use in a vehicle. The vehicle window glass includes a glass body and an insulating layer. The glass body contains sodium ions and has a signal transmission area. The insulating layer is disposed on the side of the glass body facing the interior of the vehicle, or the insulating layer is disposed within the glass body and covers the signal transmission area. The molecular gaps in at least one layer of the insulating layer are smaller than the diameter of the sodium ions, and / or the surface pores in at least one layer of the insulating layer are smaller than the diameter of the sodium ions.

[0005] The isolation layer includes an ion-displacement layer, wherein the intermolecular gaps in the ion-displacement layer are smaller than the diameter of the sodium ion.

[0006] The ion-replacement layer contains active metal ions, which are more active than sodium ions, and the diameter of the active metal ions is larger than that of the sodium ions.

[0007] The active metal ions include potassium ions and / or cesium ions.

[0008] The glass body includes a first body and a second body. Along the thickness direction of the first body, the second body is located on one side of the first body. The second body is integrally formed with the first body. The first body contains sodium ions, and the ion replacement layer is located within the second body.

[0009] The surface compressive stress of the ion-replaced layer is greater than or equal to 400 MPa.

[0010] The thickness of the ion-replacement layer is greater than or equal to 5 μm and less than or equal to 60 μm.

[0011] The isolation layer includes a filter layer, wherein the molecular gaps in the filter layer are smaller than the diameter of the sodium ions, and the filter layer includes a semi-permeable membrane and / or a reverse osmosis membrane.

[0012] The filter layer contains negatively charged ions, which are used to attract the sodium ions.

[0013] The thickness of the filter layer is greater than or equal to 100 μm and less than or equal to 200 μm.

[0014] The isolation layer includes a silane coupling agent layer, wherein the intermolecular gaps in the silane coupling agent layer are smaller than the diameter of the sodium ions.

[0015] The isolation layer includes a silica sol layer, the surface pores of which are smaller than the diameter of the sodium ions, and / or the isolation layer includes a hydrophobic coating, the surface pores of which are smaller than the diameter of the sodium ions.

[0016] The isolation layer includes a coating layer, wherein the intermolecular gaps in the coating layer are smaller than the diameter of the sodium ions.

[0017] The material of the coating layer includes at least one of silicon dioxide, metal oxide, nitride, carbide and metal-organic framework.

[0018] The thickness of the coating layer is greater than or equal to 5 nm and less than or equal to 200 nm.

[0019] The glass body further includes a visible area and a non-visible area, the non-visible area being arranged around the visible area, and the isolation layer covering at least a portion of the visible area.

[0020] Wherein, the difference between the visible light transmittance of the vehicle window glass and the visible light transmittance of the glass body is greater than or equal to -1.0% and less than or equal to 1.0%.

[0021] Wherein, the difference between the haze of the vehicle window glass and the haze of the glass body is greater than or equal to -1.0% and less than or equal to 1.0%.

[0022] This application also provides a vehicle comprising a body and a window as described above, the window being mounted on the body.

[0023] The vehicle also includes functional components, which are installed on the vehicle body or the window glass and are disposed opposite to the signal transmission area.

[0024] This application incorporates an insulating layer in the vehicle window glass, with the molecular gaps in the insulating layer being smaller than the diameter of sodium ions, and / or the surface pores of the insulating layer being smaller than the diameter of sodium ions. This prevents sodium ions from penetrating the insulating layer and reaching the side of the window glass closest to the vehicle interior, thus avoiding the reaction of sodium ions with VOCs in the vehicle's interior environment. It also prevents the formation of sodium salt deposits on the surface of the window glass, which would affect the overall visible light transmittance and haze of the window glass. This helps maintain high visible light transmittance and low haze even after prolonged use of the window glass, thereby improving driving safety and the driving experience for passengers. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of this application will be described below.

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the vehicle structure provided for an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the vehicle's window glass and functional components is shown. Figure 3 yes Figure 2 The diagram shows the assembly structure of the vehicle window glass and functional components in the first embodiment. Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A partial structural diagram of the vehicle window glass and functional components is shown. Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a partial structure of the vehicle window glass shown; Figure 6 yes Figure 4 The diagram shows a partial structural schematic of the vehicle window glass in the second embodiment. Figure 7 yes Figure 4 The diagram shows a partial structural schematic of the vehicle window glass in the third embodiment. Figure 8 yes Figure 4 The diagram shows a partial structural schematic of the vehicle window glass in the fourth embodiment. Figure 9 yes Figure 4 A partial structural schematic diagram of the vehicle window glass in the fifth embodiment is shown. Figure 10 yes Figure 4 A partial structural schematic diagram of the vehicle window glass in the sixth embodiment is shown. Figure 11 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the vehicle window glass in the seventh embodiment shown; Figure 12 yes Figure 11 The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the vehicle window glass and functional components.

[0027] Reference numerals: Vehicle 1000, Body 100, Window glass 200, Functional component 500, B-pillar 150, Bracket 510, Functional part 550, Glass body 300, Visible area 300a, Non-visible area 300d, Signal transmission area 300b, Shielding area 300c, Inner surface 301, Outer surface 302, Shielding layer 310, Isolation layer 400, Filter layer 410, Silane coupling agent layer 421, Silica sol layer 425, Hydrophobic coating 428, Coating layer 430, Ion replacement layer 440, First body 350, Second body 380, Waterproof and breathable membrane 580. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0029] Please see Figures 1 to 3 , Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of the vehicle 1000 provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows the assembly structure of the vehicle window glass 200 and functional component 500. Figure 3 yes Figure 2 The diagram shows the assembly structure of the vehicle window glass 200 and the functional component 500 in the first embodiment.

[0030] This application provides a vehicle 1000, which includes a body 100, a window glass 200, and a functional component 500. The body 100 may be a sheet metal part. The body 100 includes a B-pillar 150. The window glass 200 is mounted on the body 100. The window glass 200 serves as a windshield assembly. The functional component 500 is mounted on the body 100 or the window glass 200. The functional component 500 includes a bracket 510 and a functional element 550. The bracket 510 may be a plastic part. The functional element 550 is fixedly mounted to the window glass 200 via the bracket 510 and can identify the external environment of the vehicle 1000 through the window glass 200. It should be noted that the functional element 550 may be a camera or a LiDAR device, etc. Figure 3 The middle triangle refers to the field of view of a camera or webcam.

[0031] The vehicle window glass 200 includes a glass body 300. The glass body 300 has a visible area 300a and a non-visible area 300d. The visible area 300a is located in the middle of the glass body 300. External light can enter the interior of the vehicle 1000 through the visible area 300a, and light from inside the vehicle 1000 can also enter the external environment through the visible area 300a. The non-visible area 300d is arranged around the visible area 300a. The non-visible area 300d includes a signal transmission area 300b and a shielding area 300c. The signal transmission area 300b is spaced apart from the visible area 300a. In this embodiment, the signal transmission area 300b is located at the top of the glass body 300. The functional component 500 is arranged opposite to the signal transmission area 300b. Specifically, the functional component 550 is arranged corresponding to the signal transmission area 300b, and the functional component 550 can identify the external environment of the vehicle 1000 through the signal transmission area 300b. The shielding area 300c is located at the edge of the visible area 300a and surrounds the visible area 300a and the signal transmission area 300b.

[0032] In this embodiment, the glass body 300 is a single-layer glass. The glass body 300 has an inner surface 301 and an outer surface 302. The inner surface 301 is the surface of the glass body 300 facing the interior of the vehicle 1000. The outer surface 302 is the surface of the glass body 300 facing the exterior of the vehicle 1000 and is disposed opposite to the inner surface 301. In some other embodiments, the glass body 300 may also be laminated glass.

[0033] Glass body 300 contains sodium ions (Na) + It is important to note that during long-term use, sodium ions will leach from the inner surface 301 of the glass body 300. These leached sodium ions, under the influence of water vapor, will react with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) within the vehicle 1000 to form sodium salt precipitates. This increases the haze of the window glass 200, thus affecting its visible light transmittance. The sources of VOCs inside the vehicle 1000 and their interaction with sodium ions (Na₂O₃) are crucial factors. + The reaction is as follows: The main sources of VOCs inside Vehicle 1000 include: rubber products inside Vehicle 1000 such as sealing strips, whose materials include ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Materials like chloroide and polyurethane (PU) are used to enhance the wear resistance and aging resistance of sealing strips. Reinforcing agents or vulcanization treatments are added to these materials, and these additives release VOCs. The fabric backings inside the vehicle 1000 contain formaldehyde, which is added during production to provide wrinkle resistance, shrinkage resistance, and flame retardancy. This also helps maintain the durability of printed and dyed effects and improves the feel of the fabric. When these textiles are exposed to air for extended periods, formaldehyde, being volatile, is continuously released into the vehicle 1000's interior environment. Finally, the plastic components inside the vehicle 1000, as a major part of the interior, significantly impact the total VOC emissions from their vulcanization. Especially in the production and molding of plastic parts, plasticizers, flame retardants, and mold release agents contain large amounts of VOCs such as benzene and toluene. VOCs are easily left inside plastic products and released, becoming the main culprit for air pollution inside vehicles. Adhesives and coatings, such as 3M adhesives, PU adhesives, and UV-cured adhesives used inside vehicles, also contribute to VOC pollution. The main components, chemical formulas, structural characteristics, and sources of VOCs inside vehicles are shown in Table 1 below.

[0034] Table 1. Main components, chemical formulas, structural characteristics, and sources of VOCs inside vehicles 1000

[0035] Sodium ions (Na+) are easily released from the glass body 300 in high temperature and high humidity environments. + ) and base ions (OH-) - Both exist in a free state on the inner surface 301 and combine with water molecules on the inner surface 301 to form a liquid film. The liquid film on the entire inner surface 301 is an alkaline microenvironment with an increased pH value.

[0036] When VOCs diffuse into the liquid film, aldehydes (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein), taking formaldehyde HCHO as an example, react with Na... + The reaction is Na + Adsorption of HCHO initiates OH bond polarization; HCHO reacts with water molecules and is oxidized to formic acid (HCOOH), which then reacts with Na+. + The formate (HCOONa) is formed, and HCOONa remains on the inner surface 301. The relevant chemical equations are as follows:

[0037] When VOCs diffuse into the liquid film, benzene compounds (toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene), taking toluene (C6H5CH3) as an example, react with Na... + The reaction is that C6H5CH3 is oxidized to benzoic acid (C6H5COOH) under high temperature, light, ultraviolet light, and oxygen conditions. C6H5COOH then reacts with Na... + A neutralization reaction occurs, producing carboxylate salts such as sodium benzoate (RCOONa, where R represents a benzene ring). Sodium benzoate is deposited on the inner surface 301 in the form of microcrystals or thin films. It should be noted that carboxylic acids are organic compounds containing a carboxyl group (-COOH) in their molecular structure. Benzoic acid has a structure in which a benzene ring is directly linked to a carboxyl group (C6H5COOH). The relevant chemical equations are as follows:

[0038]

[0039] These byproducts, such as formate or carboxylate, tend to remain on the inner surface 301 of the glass body 300, which can reduce the visible light transmittance of the glass body 300 and increase the haze, directly affecting the ability of functional components 550 and other functional components 550 to recognize images outside the vehicle 1000.

[0040] Please see Figure 4 , Figure 4 yes Figure 3 The diagram shows a partial structural schematic of the vehicle window glass 200 and the functional component 500.

[0041] The vehicle window glass 200 also includes a shielding layer 310. The shielding layer 310 is disposed on the glass body 300, located in the non-visible area 300d, and covers the shielding area 300c. Specifically, the shielding layer 310 is disposed on the inner surface 301. The shielding layer 310 can reduce the exchange of sightlines between the inside and outside of the vehicle 1000, protect the privacy of the occupants inside the vehicle 1000, and improve the aesthetics of the glass body 300. For example, the material of the shielding layer 310 includes ink.

[0042] Please see Figure 5 , Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A partial structural schematic diagram of the vehicle window glass 200 shown.

[0043] The vehicle window glass 200 also includes an insulating layer 400. The insulating layer 400 is located on the side of the glass body 300 facing the interior of the vehicle 1000 and is used to isolate sodium ions and VOCs inside the vehicle 1000. Specifically, the insulating layer 400 is disposed on the inner surface 301 and covers the signal transmission area 300b. At least one layer of the insulating layer 400 has molecular gaps smaller than the diameter of a sodium ion, and / or, at least one layer of the insulating layer 400 has surface pores smaller than the diameter of a sodium ion, ensuring that the insulating layer 400 can block sodium ions from passing through it to the side of the insulating layer 400 closest to the interior of the vehicle 1000. This prevents sodium ions on the surface of the insulating layer 400 from reacting with VOCs inside the vehicle 1000, maintaining high visible light transmittance and low haze of the glass body 300 during long-term use, thereby improving driving safety and the driving experience of passengers. In some other embodiments, the isolation layer 400 may cover the shielding area 300c, and / or the isolation layer 400 may cover at least a portion of the visible area 300a.

[0044] The isolation layer 400 includes a filter layer 410. The filter layer 410 is attached to the inner surface 301. The intermolecular gaps in the filter layer 410 are smaller than the diameter of sodium ions, blocking sodium ions in the glass body 300 from passing through the filter layer 410 to the side facing the vehicle 1000, thus preventing sodium ions from reacting with VOCs. This maintains high visible light transmittance and low haze of the window glass 200 during long-term use, thereby improving driving safety and the driving experience of passengers. In this embodiment, the filter layer 410 includes a semi-permeable membrane and / or a reverse osmosis membrane. The intermolecular gaps in the semi-permeable membrane and / or reverse osmosis membrane are less than 0.4 nm, wherein the diameter of sodium ions is 0.2 nm. Exemplarily, the pore size of the semi-permeable membrane and / or reverse osmosis membrane is 0.01 nm or 0.001 nm. In this embodiment, the thickness of the filter layer 410 is greater than or equal to 100 μm and less than or equal to 200 μm. Specifically, the thickness of the filter layer 410 can be 100μm, 110μm, 120μm, 130μm, 140μm, 150μm, 160μm, 170μm, 180μm, 190μm, or 200μm. Preferably, the thickness of the filter layer 410 is greater than or equal to 120μm and less than or equal to 180μm. More preferably, the thickness of the filter layer 410 is greater than or equal to 130μm and less than or equal to 170μm. Even more preferably, the thickness of the filter layer 410 is greater than or equal to 140μm and less than or equal to 160μm.

[0045] In some other embodiments, the filter layer 410 contains negatively charged ions; that is, negatively charged ions are introduced into the filter layer 410 to attract sodium ions, thereby further preventing sodium ions from passing through the filter layer 410. Exemplarily, the semi-permeable membrane and / or reverse osmosis membrane contains chloride ions; that is, chloride ions are introduced into the semi-permeable membrane and / or reverse osmosis membrane, utilizing negatively charged ions (chloride ions Cl...). - Attracts positively charged ions (sodium ions Na) + This further prevents sodium ions from migrating to the side of the filter layer 410 facing the inside of the vehicle 1000, blocking the reaction between sodium ions and VOCs. This can further maintain the high visible light transmittance and low haze of the window glass 200 during long-term use, thereby improving driving safety and the driving experience of passengers.

[0046] Please see Figure 6 , Figure 6 yes Figure 4 The diagram shows a partial structural schematic of the vehicle window glass 200 in the second embodiment.

[0047] The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the isolation layer 400 includes at least one of a silane coupling agent layer 421, a silica sol layer 425, and a hydrophobic coating 428. In this embodiment, the isolation layer 400 is a single-layer structure. Specifically, when the isolation layer 400 includes a silane coupling agent layer 421, its material includes a silane coupling agent. The silane coupling agent is in a liquid state. Because silicon atoms and oxygen atoms in the silane coupling agent layer 421 form a three-dimensional network structure through silicon-oxygen bonds, this silicon-oxygen network has a strong cross-linking structure, making the intermolecular gaps in the silane coupling agent layer 421 smaller than the diameter of sodium ions. Therefore, it can block sodium ions from passing through the silane coupling agent layer 421, thereby preventing sodium ions from reacting with VOCs and thus avoiding the formation of salt byproducts on the inner surface 301. During long-term use of the vehicle window glass 200, this helps maintain the low haze and high visible light transmittance of the vehicle window glass 200. The main components of the silane coupling agent layer 421 include organosilicon compounds. These organosilicon compounds contain bifunctional groups (inorganic-philic and organic-philic groups), such as alkoxy groups (KH-440) and organic functional groups (KH-570). Because the silane coupling agent layer 421 contains bifunctional groups, it improves the interfacial adhesion between the glass body 300 and the isolation layer 400 by reacting simultaneously with glass or other organic materials. This prevents the isolation layer 400 from detaching during the use of the window glass 200, helps the isolation layer 400 better isolate sodium ions, and also enhances the weather resistance, UV resistance, water resistance, and corrosion resistance of the window glass 200. The thickness of the silane coupling agent layer 421 is 0.1 μm to 20 μm.

[0048] When the isolation layer 400 includes a silica sol layer 425, its material includes silica sol. The silica sol is a semi-transparent colloidal solution. Since the silica sol layer 425 is typically composed of small-sized nanoscale silicon-oxygen particles, such as nanoscale SiO2 particles, these particles form a relatively tight network structure through physical and chemical interactions. This network structure has a high degree of cross-linking, making the surface pores of the silica sol layer 425 smaller than the diameter of sodium ions, thus blocking sodium ions from passing through the silica sol layer 425. Simultaneously, the nanoscale SiO2 particles have a particle size of approximately 5-100 nm, giving them a high specific surface area, enabling better contact and adhesion with the inner surface 301 of the glass body 300. This helps to form a stronger bond between the silica sol layer 425 and the glass body 300, preventing the isolation layer 400 from detaching or peeling off, and thus better isolating sodium ions. Furthermore, the surface of the silica sol particles is rich in hydroxyl groups, giving the silica sol layer 425 high hydrophilicity, allowing water droplets to spread rapidly on the silica sol layer 425. Meanwhile, due to the microscopic rough structure of the silica sol surface, the surface energy varies in different areas, resulting in a larger contact angle for water droplets. The water droplets do not spread completely on the silica sol surface but rather form a rolling spherical shape, making them less likely to stay on the surface and causing them to slide off quickly. Therefore, the isolation layer 400 exhibits good water resistance, preventing VOCs from dissolving in water molecules, and further avoiding the reaction of sodium ions with VOCs to form sodium salt byproducts. In this embodiment, the thickness of the silica sol layer 425 is 0.1 μm to 10 μm.

[0049] When the isolation layer 400 includes a hydrophobic coating 428, its material includes a hydrophobic agent. The hydrophobic agent can be a liquid or solid dispersion system. The hydrophobic agent forms a highly dense thin film on the inner surface 301. The surface pores of the hydrophobic coating 428 are smaller than the diameter of sodium ions. This structure acts as a physical barrier, preventing sodium ions from passing through and thus avoiding the reaction between sodium ions and VOCs to form sodium salt byproducts. Simultaneously, the isolation layer 400 also contains hydrophobic components such as fluorosilanes, silicone oils, silica, and zinc oxide. These components give the surface of the hydrophobic coating 428 a low surface energy, thereby reducing the interaction forces between the surface of the hydrophobic coating 428 and water molecules, giving the isolation layer 400 a hydrophobic effect and preventing VOCs from binding with water molecules on the isolation layer 400, thus reducing the reaction between sodium ions and VOCs. The thickness of the hydrophobic coating 428 is 2 nm to 20 nm.

[0050] In this embodiment, the difference between the visible light transmittance of the window glass 200 and the visible light transmittance of the glass body 300 is greater than or equal to -1.0% and less than or equal to 1.0%, to ensure that the addition of the insulating layer 400 does not significantly affect the visible light transmittance of the glass body 300. It should be noted that the visible light transmittance of the window glass 200 refers to the overall visible light transmittance of the glass body 300 and the insulating layer 400. The difference between the visible light transmittance of the window glass 200 and the visible light transmittance of the glass body 300 is the visible light transmittance of the window glass 200 minus the visible light transmittance of the glass body 300. The difference between the haze of the vehicle window glass 200 with and without the insulating layer 400 is greater than or equal to -1.0% and less than or equal to 1.0%. In other words, the difference between the haze of the vehicle window glass 200 and the haze of the glass body 300 is greater than or equal to -1.0% and less than or equal to 1.0%, ensuring that the insulating layer 400 does not affect the haze of the vehicle window glass 200. It should be noted that the haze of the vehicle window glass 200 refers to the overall haze of the glass body 300 and the insulating layer 400. The difference between the haze of the vehicle window glass 200 with and without the insulating layer 400 is the difference between the haze of the vehicle window glass 200 and the haze of the glass body 300.

[0051] In this embodiment, the isolation layer 400 can be applied to the inner surface 301 by spraying or manual coating. Specifically, the process begins with loading the glass body 300 onto a tray or fixture in an automated spraying production line. The surface of the glass body 300 is cleaned or activated using a flame to remove stains, grease, and impurities from the inner surface 301, enhancing the adhesion of the isolation layer 400 to the inner surface 301. Subsequently, the isolation layer 400 is evenly sprayed onto the inner surface 301 using spraying equipment. Real-time monitoring is performed during the spraying process to check the uniformity, thickness, and adhesion of the coating, ensuring that the isolation layer 400 meets quality standards. After spraying, the isolation layer 400 undergoes a leveling process on the inner surface 301, making its surface smooth and uniform, eliminating air bubbles and uneven thickness. The isolation layer 400 is then cured in a heating oven or other curing equipment to ensure it is hardened, durable, and firmly adhered to the inner surface 301, forming the window glass 200. The window glass 200 is then cooled, and finally, the processed window glass 200 is removed and unloaded. It should be noted that when the solvent is sprayed or manually applied on the inner surface 301 to form the isolation layer 400, the solvent will first fill the gaps on the inner surface 301 of the glass body 300, and then form the isolation layer 400 on the inner surface 301.

[0052] Please see Figure 7 , Figure 7 yes Figure 4The diagram shows a partial structural schematic of the vehicle window glass 200 in the third embodiment.

[0053] The difference between this embodiment and the second embodiment is that the isolation layer 400 has a multi-layer structure. The isolation layer 400 may have a five-layer structure. Each layer of the isolation layer 400 may include at least one of a silane coupling agent layer 421, a silica sol layer 425, or a hydrophobic coating layer 428. For example, the isolation layer 400 may be a two-layer structure consisting of a silane coupling agent layer 421 and a silica sol layer 425, or it may be a two-layer structure consisting of a hydrophobic coating layer 428 and a silica sol layer 425.

[0054] Please see Figure 8 , Figure 8 yes Figure 4 The diagram shows a partial structural schematic of the vehicle window glass 200 in the fourth embodiment.

[0055] The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the isolation layer 400 includes a coating layer 430. The coating layer 430 is a single-layer structure. The material of the coating layer 430 includes at least one of silicon dioxide (SiO2), metal oxide, nitride, carbide, and metal-organic framework (MOF). For example, the coating layer 430 may be a silicon dioxide-based composite coating layer 430, a metal oxide layer, a nitride layer, a carbide layer, or an MOF composite coating.

[0056] It should be noted that the coating layer 430 is a dense film with high density. The intermolecular gaps in the coating layer 430 are smaller than the diameter of sodium ions. Therefore, sodium ions on the inner surface 301 cannot pass through the coating layer 430 to reach the side of the isolation layer 400 facing the vehicle 1000, thus blocking the reaction between sodium ions and VOCs and maintaining high visible light transmittance and low haze of the window glass 200 during long-term use, thereby improving driving safety and the driving experience of passengers. Specifically, when the coating layer 430 is a silicon dioxide-based composite coating layer 430, its material can be silicon dioxide (SiO2) alone, or a mixture of silicon dioxide (SiO2) with metal oxides or salts of aluminum, titanium, or zirconium. This material results in a coating layer 430 with good density, which is beneficial for blocking sodium ions from passing through the coating layer 430. In addition, this material is low in cost, has strong weather resistance, and can be mass-produced. The coating layer 430 of this material is prone to cracking during curing shrinkage and has limited stability at high temperatures. Modification treatment can be performed to improve its stability at high temperatures. In this embodiment, the thickness of the coating layer 430 is greater than or equal to 5 nm and less than or equal to 200 nm to ensure that the coating layer 430 has a certain thickness to block sodium ions. Specifically, the thickness of the coating layer 430 can be 5 nm, 25 nm, 45 nm, 65 nm, 85 nm, 105 nm, 125 nm, 145 nm, 165 nm, 185 nm, or 200 nm. Preferably, the thickness of the coating layer 430 is greater than or equal to 15 nm and less than or equal to 180 nm. More preferably, the thickness of the coating layer 430 is greater than or equal to 35 nm and less than or equal to 160 nm. Even more preferably, the thickness of the coating layer 430 is greater than or equal to 55 nm and less than or equal to 140 nm.

[0057] When the coating layer 430 is a metal oxide layer, its material includes one or more of titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, and zirconium oxide. This type of coating layer 430 has advantages such as high density, high temperature resistance (greater than 500°C), and self-cleaning versatility, making it suitable for high-temperature environments and applications requiring additional functions. However, this type of coating layer 430 is also brittle and prone to cracking.

[0058] When the coating layer 430 is a nitride or carbide layer, its material includes one or more of silicon nitride (SiN), titanium nitride (TiN), chromium nitride (CrN), and diamond-like carbon. This material has extremely low porosity, meaning the interparticle spacing of the coating layer 430 is extremely small, smaller than the diameter of a sodium ion, thus blocking sodium ions from passing through the coating layer 430. Furthermore, this material has extremely high hardness and good wear and corrosion resistance, which can improve the service life of the window glass 200, making it suitable for harsh environments and applications requiring wear resistance. The disadvantages of this material are poor optical performance, which reduces the visible light transmittance of the window glass 200, and high adhesion requirements for this coating layer 430.

[0059] When the coating layer 430 is a metal-organic framework composite coating (MOFs composite coating), its material is a mixture of metal-organic frameworks and other materials such as metals, ceramics, or polymers. These materials exhibit particle selectivity, allowing for more precise blocking of sodium ion permeation. This coating layer 430 also possesses high chemical / thermal stability and can be integrated with different materials to make it multifunctional, suitable for high-precision particle blocking applications. The fabrication process for this coating layer 430 is complex, making large-scale production difficult. The coating layer 430 can be fabricated by combining the characteristics of different materials and selecting appropriate materials based on the application scenario and requirements.

[0060] In this embodiment, the coating layer 430 can be formed on the inner surface 301 by magnetron sputtering. Specifically, in a high vacuum environment, an inert gas such as argon is ionized into plasma. Positively charged argon ions bombard the material of the coating layer 430 under the acceleration of the electric field. Through momentum transfer, the target atoms or molecules are ejected and deposited on the inner surface 301 of the glass body 300, forming a dense film that effectively isolates the migration and precipitation of sodium ions.

[0061] Please see Figure 9 , Figure 9 yes Figure 4 The diagram shows a partial structural schematic of the vehicle window glass 200 in the fifth embodiment.

[0062] The difference between this embodiment and the fourth embodiment is that the coating layer 430 can have multiple layers. Each layer of the coating layer 430 can be a silicon dioxide-based composite coating layer, a metal oxide layer, a nitride layer, a carbide layer, or a MOF composite coating layer. For example, the coating layer 430 has five layers.

[0063] Please refer to the following: Figure 2 and Figure 10 , Figure 10 yes Figure 4 The diagram shows a partial structural schematic of the vehicle window glass 200 in the sixth embodiment.

[0064] This embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the glass body 300 includes a first body 350 and a second body 380. The second body 380 is located on the side of the first body 350 facing the interior of the vehicle 1000 and has an inner surface 301. In this embodiment, the second body 380 and the first body 350 are integrally formed. In some other embodiments, the second body 380 and the first body 350 may be separate structures, and this application does not limit this. The first body 350 contains sodium ions.

[0065] An insulating layer 400 is located within the glass body 300. Specifically, the insulating layer 400 is located within the second body 380. In this embodiment, the insulating layer 400 covers the visible area 300a, the signal transmission area 300b, and the shielding area 300c. In some other embodiments, the insulating layer 400 may only cover the signal transmission area 300b and / or the visible area 300a; this application is not limited to this. A shielding layer 310 is provided on the surface of the second body 380 facing the interior of the vehicle 1000.

[0066] In this embodiment, the isolation layer 400 includes an ion-replacement layer 440, which is located within the second body 380. The ion-replacement layer 440 contains active metal ions. In this embodiment, the active metal ions are more active than sodium ions. For example, the active metal ions include potassium ions and / or cesium ions. The diameter of the active metal ions is larger than that of sodium ions, ensuring that the molecules of the ion-replacement layer 440 are relatively crowded, i.e., the intermolecular gaps in the ion-replacement layer 440 are smaller than the diameter of sodium ions. This allows the ion-replacement layer 440 to block sodium ions from the first body 350 from passing through the ion-replacement layer 440 to the inner surface 301, thereby preventing sodium ions from reacting with VOCs. This maintains high visible light transmittance and low haze in the glass body 300 during long-term use, thereby improving driving safety and the driving experience for passengers.

[0067] It should be noted that due to the relatively crowded molecular structure of the isolation layer 400, compressive stress is formed on both the inner surface 301 and the outer surface 302, while the first body 350 maintains its original molecular structure, thus maintaining tensile stress. Because of the difference between the compressive stress on the inner surface 301 and the tensile stress on the first body 350, a compressive stress layer is formed on the side of the second body 380 closest to the inner surface 301; that is, the isolation layer 400 is a compressive stress layer. The formation of the compressive stress layer enhances the strength of the window glass 200, inhibits crack formation, improves the safety of the window glass 200, and extends its service life. Specifically, the surface compressive stress of the ion-replacement layer 440 is greater than or equal to 400 MPa. The thickness of the ion-replacement layer 440 is greater than or equal to 5 μm and less than or equal to 60 μm. Specifically, the thickness of the ion-replacement layer 440 can be 5 μm, 10 μm, 15 μm, 20 μm, 25 μm, 30 μm, 35 μm, 40 μm, 45 μm, 50 μm, 55 μm, or 60 μm. Preferably, the thickness of the ion-replacement layer 440 is greater than or equal to 10 μm and less than or equal to 50 μm. More preferably, the thickness of the ion-replacement layer 440 is greater than or equal to 20 μm and less than or equal to 40 μm.

[0068] In this embodiment, the isolation layer 400 is manufactured using a surface ion exchange method, i.e., formed through chemical tempering technology. Specifically, a glass substrate and a replacement solution are first provided. The glass substrate includes a first body 350 and a surface glass, with the surface glass located on the surface of the first body 350 and on the side of the first body 350 facing the interior of the vehicle 1000. The surface glass includes a second body 380 and sodium ions located within the second body 380. The replacement solution includes active metal ions, which are more reactive than sodium ions, to ensure that the replacement solution can react with the glass substrate and replace the sodium ions in the surface glass. The diameter of the active metal ions is larger than the diameter of the sodium ions. For example, the replacement solution includes a potassium nitrate solution or a cesium nitrate solution.

[0069] The glass substrate is immersed in a displacement solution and subjected to high temperature conditions. Sodium ions in the surface glass undergo a displacement reaction with active metal ions in the displacement solution, i.e., a surface ion exchange reaction, forming an ion displacement layer 440.

[0070] In some other embodiments, the isolation layer 400 may be a multi-layer structure, including at least one of an ion-replacement layer 440, a filter layer 410, a silane coupling agent layer 421, a silica sol layer 425, a hydrophobic coating 428, and a coating layer 430. The intermolecular gaps in at least one layer of the isolation layer 400 are smaller than the diameter of a sodium ion, and / or the surface pores in at least one layer of the isolation layer are smaller than the diameter of a sodium ion. It should be noted that when the isolation layer 400 includes more than just the ion-replacement layer 440, the ion-replacement layer 440 must be provided first, and then other isolation layers 400 must be provided on the surface of the ion-replacement layer 440 to avoid the other isolation layers 400 affecting the arrangement of the ion-replacement layer 440. Simultaneously, the vehicle window glass 200 cannot simultaneously contain both the ion-replacement layer 440 and the coating layer 430 to avoid the coating layer 430 affecting the structure of the ion-replacement layer 440. When the isolation layer 400 includes more than just the coating layer 430, the coating layer 430 needs to be set first, and then other isolation layers 400 need to be set on the surface of the coating layer 430, so as to avoid the setting of the coating layer 430 affecting the structure of other isolation layers 400.

[0071] Please see Figure 11 and Figure 12 , Figure 11 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows the structure of the vehicle window glass 200 in the seventh embodiment of the vehicle 1000 shown. Figure 12 yes Figure 11 The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the window glass 200 and the functional component 500.

[0072] This embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the window glass 200 is used as a B-pillar glass assembly. The glass body 300 includes only a signal transmission area 300b and a shielding area 300c. The shielding area 300c surrounds the signal transmission area 300b. The bracket 510 in the functional component 500 and the glass body 300 enclose a sealed space. The sealed space corresponds to both the signal transmission area 300b and the functional component 550. The bracket 510 has vent holes (not shown). The vent holes communicate with the sealed space to facilitate air venting within the sealed space. The functional component 500 also includes a waterproof and breathable membrane 580. The waterproof and breathable membrane 580 covers the vent holes. It should be noted that air can pass through the waterproof and breathable membrane 580 into the sealed space, while moisture is blocked outside the sealed space to prevent water vapor from forming in the signal transmission area 300b.

[0073] In other embodiments, the window glass 200 can also be used as a rear windshield glass assembly, sunroof glass assembly, or triangular window glass assembly in the vehicle 1000, and this application does not limit this.

[0074] This application has conducted experimental verification of the first, sixth, second, and fourth embodiments. The experimental process involved placing VOCs (from vehicle 1000) in a container, sealing the container opening with test glass. The vehicle window glass 200 to be tested was placed face down and then placed in a temperature and humidity cycling chamber to simulate the process of sodium ion precipitation and VOC reaction in the vehicle window glass assembly after temperature and humidity cycling. The temperature and humidity cycling steps are shown in Table 2 below: Table 2 Temperature and Humidity Cycling Steps

[0075] The test glass measures 100mm in length, 100mm in width, and 2.1mm in thickness. It is white transparent glass.

[0076] The test results for ordinary glass, the first embodiment, and the sixth embodiment are shown in Table 3 below: Table 3 Test results of test samples under ordinary glass, the first embodiment, and the sixth embodiment.

[0077] The test samples for ion exchange 1 and ion exchange 2 are samples of two car window glass assemblies under the sixth embodiment; the test samples for semipermeable membrane 1 and semipermeable membrane 2 are samples of two car window glass assemblies under the first embodiment.

[0078] The test results show that, compared with ordinary glass, the visible light transmittance and haze of the samples under the sixth embodiment and the samples under the first embodiment are very small, which reflects that less sodium ion is released, which is a physical reduction of sodium ion release.

[0079] The test results show that the visible light transmittance of the samples under the sixth embodiment and the samples under the first embodiment was lower than that of ordinary glass before the reaction, indicating that neither the ion replacement layer 440 nor the filter layer 410 had the effect of increasing the visible light transmittance. However, the changes in visible light transmittance and haze after the reaction were very small, indicating that under long-term use of the car window glass 200, both the ion replacement layer 440 and the filter layer 410 can maintain the visible light transmittance and haze of the car window glass 200 well.

[0080] The test results of the test samples of ordinary glass and different coatings under the second embodiment are shown in Table 4 below: Table 4. Test results of test samples with different coatings under ordinary glass and the second embodiment.

[0081] The experimental results show that the visible light transmittance of the sample with the silica sol layer 425 before the reaction is higher than that of ordinary glass, indicating that the addition of the silica sol layer 425 can enhance the visible light transmittance of the car window glass 200. Before and after the reaction, the visible light transmittance and haze of the coated sample changed very little, indicating that even with long-term use of the car window glass 200, the silane coupling agent layer 421, the hydrophobic coating 428, and the silica sol layer 425 can all maintain the visible light transmittance and haze of the car window glass 200 well.

[0082] The test results of ordinary glass and different coatings under the fourth implementation method are shown in Table 5 below: Table 5 Test results of test samples with different coatings under ordinary glass and the fourth embodiment.

[0083] Among them, coating layer 1 is mainly composed of Si3N4 nitride with a thickness of 5nm; coating layer 2 is mainly composed of Si3N4 nitride with a thickness of 10nm; coating layer 3 is mainly composed of silicon dioxide-based composite coating with a thickness of 30nm; coating layer 4 is mainly composed of silicon dioxide-based composite coating with a thickness of 40nm; coating layer 5 is mainly composed of silicon dioxide-based composite coating with a thickness of 60nm; coating layer 6 is mainly composed of TiO metal oxide with a thickness of 20nm; and coating layer 7 is mainly composed of TiO metal oxide with a thickness of 30nm.

[0084] Experimental results show that the 430 coating layer can effectively block the precipitation of sodium ions, maintaining good visible light transmittance and haze of the window glass 200. It should be noted that MOF films cannot currently be fabricated, therefore there is no supporting data. Theoretically, the size of the intermolecular gaps in MOF films can precisely block sodium ions.

[0085] This application provides an isolation layer 400 in the window glass 200, such that the molecular gaps in the isolation layer 400 are smaller than the diameter of sodium ions, and / or the surface pores of the isolation layer 400 are smaller than the diameter of sodium ions, to block sodium ions from passing through the isolation layer 400 to the side of the window glass 200 closest to the interior of the vehicle 1000. This prevents sodium ions from reacting with VOCs in the interior environment of the vehicle 1000, and avoids the formation of sodium salt deposits on the surface of the window glass 200, which would affect the overall visible light transmittance and haze of the window glass 200. This helps maintain high visible light transmittance and low haze even after long-term use of the window glass 200, thereby improving driving safety and the driving experience of passengers.

[0086] The above descriptions are merely optional embodiments of this application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the core ideas of this application and are not intended to limit the patent scope of this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, equivalent structural transformations made based on the inventive concept of this application using the specification and drawings of this application, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are all included within the patent protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A type of vehicle window glass, used in a vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle window glass includes a glass body and an insulating layer. The glass body contains sodium ions and has a signal transmission area. The insulating layer is located on the side of the glass body facing the interior of the vehicle, or the insulating layer is located within the glass body and covers the signal transmission area. The molecular gaps in at least one layer of the insulating layer are smaller than the diameter of the sodium ions, and / or the surface pores in at least one layer of the insulating layer are smaller than the diameter of the sodium ions.

2. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The isolation layer includes an ion-displacement layer, wherein the intermolecular gaps in the ion-displacement layer are smaller than the diameter of the sodium ion.

3. The vehicle window glass according to claim 2, characterized in that, The ion-replacement layer contains active metal ions, which are more active than sodium ions, and the diameter of the active metal ions is larger than that of the sodium ions.

4. The vehicle window glass according to claim 3, characterized in that, The active metal ions include potassium ions and / or cesium ions.

5. The vehicle window glass according to claim 4, characterized in that, The glass body includes a first body and a second body, the second body being located on the side of the first body facing the interior of the vehicle, the second body being integrally formed with the first body, the first body containing sodium ions, and the ion replacement layer being located within the second body.

6. The vehicle window glass according to claim 5, characterized in that, The surface compressive stress of the ion-replaced layer is greater than or equal to 400 MPa.

7. The vehicle window glass according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that, The thickness of the ion-replacement layer is greater than or equal to 5 μm and less than or equal to 60 μm.

8. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The isolation layer includes a filter layer, wherein the molecular gaps in the filter layer are smaller than the diameter of the sodium ions, and the filter layer includes a semi-permeable membrane and / or a reverse osmosis membrane.

9. The vehicle window glass according to claim 8, characterized in that, The filter layer contains negatively charged ions that attract the sodium ions.

10. The vehicle window glass according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that, The thickness of the filter layer is greater than or equal to 100 μm and less than or equal to 200 μm.

11. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The isolation layer includes a silane coupling agent layer, wherein the intermolecular gaps in the silane coupling agent layer are smaller than the diameter of the sodium ions.

12. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1 or 11, characterized in that, The isolation layer includes a silica sol layer, the surface pores of which are smaller than the diameter of the sodium ions, and / or the isolation layer includes a hydrophobic coating, the surface pores of which are smaller than the diameter of the sodium ions.

13. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The isolation layer includes a coating layer, wherein the intermolecular gaps in the coating layer are smaller than the diameter of the sodium ions.

14. The vehicle window glass according to claim 13, characterized in that, The material of the coating layer includes at least one of silicon dioxide, metal oxides, nitrides, carbides, and metal-organic frameworks.

15. The vehicle window glass according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that, The thickness of the coating layer is greater than or equal to 5 nm and less than or equal to 200 nm.

16. The vehicle window glass according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The glass body also has a visible area and a non-visible area, the non-visible area being arranged around the visible area, and the isolation layer covering at least a portion of the visible area.

17. The vehicle window glass according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The difference between the visible light transmittance of the vehicle window glass and the visible light transmittance of the glass body is greater than or equal to -1.0% and less than or equal to 1.0%.

18. The vehicle window glass according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The difference between the haze of the vehicle window glass and the haze of the glass body is greater than or equal to -1.0% and less than or equal to 1.0%.

19. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle includes a body and a window glass as described in any one of claims 1 to 18, the window glass being mounted on the body.

20. The vehicle according to claim 19, characterized in that, The vehicle also includes functional components mounted on the vehicle body or the window glass and disposed opposite to the signal transmission area.

Images