A dynamic ventilation air supplement system and method for a spillway tunnel

Abstract

This invention discloses a dynamic ventilation and air replenishment system and method for a spillway tunnel, belonging to the field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering technology. The system includes a spillway tunnel, a main air replenishment channel, an auxiliary air replenishment channel, and a controller. The spillway tunnel is equipped with a liquid level detection component and a pressure detection component. One end of both the main and auxiliary air replenishment channels is connected to the top of the spillway tunnel. The main air replenishment channel contains valve A and a wind speed detection component, and the auxiliary air replenishment channel contains valve B. The controller is electrically connected to the liquid level detection component, the pressure detection component, valve A, the wind speed detection component, and valve B. Based on dynamic parameters such as the spillway flow rate and the negative pressure inside the tunnel, the system adaptively adjusts the air replenishment volume, avoiding problems such as "insufficient air replenishment leading to negative pressure" or "excessive air replenishment causing strong airflow noise," ensuring a continuous, stable, and effective air replenishment effect, thereby maintaining stable water flow within the spillway tunnel and ensuring the safe operation of the spillway tunnel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a dynamic ventilation and air replenishment system and method for flood discharge tunnels, belonging to the field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering technology. Background Technology

[0002] In high dam flood discharge projects, the spillway tunnel serves as a crucial facility for assisting reservoir flood discharge. The high-speed water flow inside the tunnel exerts a dragging effect on the air in the remaining space above the tunnel. When the water flow carries air out of the spillway tunnel, if air is not replenished into the tunnel in time through the air replenishment tunnel, negative pressure will form inside the tunnel. Excessive negative pressure can cause multiple safety problems: the stability of the downstream water flow will be disrupted, potentially leading to phenomena such as alternating open and full flow and violent fluctuations in the water surface, threatening the structural safety of the spillway tunnel; negative pressure pulsation behind the gate will cause violent gate vibration, affecting the gate's operational reliability; when the airflow velocity in the air replenishment tunnel exceeds 50 m / s, it will generate continuous noise that interferes with the normal operation of personnel.

[0003] Therefore, the proper replenishment of air to the spillway is the core of ensuring the safe and stable operation of the project. However, the traditional method simply involves setting up an air replenishment tunnel on the spillway for air replenishment, which cannot adaptively adjust the air replenishment volume according to dynamic parameters such as flood discharge flow and negative pressure inside the tunnel. When the flood discharge conditions change, problems such as "insufficient air replenishment leading to negative pressure" or "excessive air replenishment causing strong airflow noise" are likely to occur. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a dynamic ventilation and air replenishment system and method for flood discharge tunnels.

[0005] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] A dynamic ventilation and air replenishment system for a flood discharge tunnel includes a flood discharge tunnel, a main air replenishment channel, an auxiliary air replenishment channel, and a controller. The flood discharge tunnel is equipped with a liquid level detection component and a gas pressure detection component. One end of the main air replenishment channel and the auxiliary air replenishment channel are both connected to the top of the flood discharge tunnel. The main air replenishment channel is equipped with a valve A and a wind speed detection component, and the auxiliary air replenishment channel is equipped with a valve B. The controller is electrically connected to the liquid level detection component, the gas pressure detection component, valve A, the wind speed detection component, and valve B, respectively.

[0007] The connection between the main air supply channel and the flood discharge tunnel is located upstream of the connection between the auxiliary air supply channel and the flood discharge tunnel.

[0008] The liquid level detection component is a radar liquid level gauge, which is installed at the top of the inner wall of the flood discharge tunnel and located upstream of the connection between the main air supply channel and the flood discharge tunnel.

[0009] The air pressure detection component is a positive and negative pressure sensor, which is installed at the top of the inner wall of the flood discharge tunnel and located downstream of the connection between the auxiliary air supply channel and the flood discharge tunnel.

[0010] Valve A is an electric air valve.

[0011] The wind speed detection component is a wind speed sensor.

[0012] The main air supply channel is equipped with a sound insulation material layer and a duct silencer.

[0013] An energy dissipation grille is installed at one end of the auxiliary air supply channel near the flood discharge tunnel.

[0014] A method for dynamic ventilation and air replenishment in a spillway tunnel includes the following steps:

[0015] Step 1: Preset the relevant parameters for wind speed, water level, and air pressure on the controller;

[0016] Step 2: Monitor the water level in the spillway in real time using the liquid level detection component, monitor the air pressure in the spillway in real time using the air pressure detection component, and monitor the wind speed in the main air supply channel in real time using the wind speed detection component, and transmit the monitoring data to the controller respectively.

[0017] Step 3: The controller compares the monitored data with the corresponding preset parameters, and then decides whether to adjust the opening of valve A and whether to open valve B.

[0018] In step three, when the air pressure detection component detects that the air pressure inside the spillway is negative, the opening of valve A is increased to adjust the air pressure inside the spillway to positive pressure and maintain it, thereby achieving ventilation and air replenishment.

[0019] When the level detection component detects a rise in the water level inside the spillway, resulting in the spillway roof clearance being between 15% and 25%, the opening of valve A is increased; when the spillway roof clearance is less than 15%, the controller issues an alarm. The roof clearance is calculated using the following formula:

[0020] ,

[0021] ,

[0022] ,

[0023] ,

[0024] in, The remaining portion of the cave ceiling; The flow area of ​​water inside the spillway; This refers to the net cross-sectional area of ​​the flood discharge tunnel; This refers to the inner diameter of the flood discharge tunnel; The central angle corresponding to the water surface is expressed in radians. The distance from the water surface to the top of the inner wall of the spillway is the measured value of the liquid level detection component;

[0025] When the wind speed detection component detects that the wind speed in the main air supply channel is between 40m / s and 45m / s, the opening of valve A is increased. If the wind speed continues to rise to 45m / s, valve B is opened to divert the main air supply channel through the auxiliary air supply channel, thereby reducing the wind speed in the main air supply channel and achieving noise reduction.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0027] 1. The system monitors the water level in the spillway in real time using a liquid level detection component, the air pressure in the spillway in real time using an air pressure detection component, and the wind speed in the main air supply channel in real time using a wind speed detection component. These monitoring data are then transmitted to the controller. The controller compares the monitoring data with the corresponding preset parameters and determines whether to adjust the opening of valve A and whether to open valve B. This adaptively adjusts the air supply based on dynamic parameters such as the flood discharge flow and the negative pressure inside the spillway, avoiding problems such as "insufficient air supply causing negative pressure" or "excessive air supply causing strong airflow noise." This ensures a continuous, stable, and effective air supply, thereby maintaining stable water flow in the spillway and guaranteeing the safe operation of the spillway.

[0028] 2. By diverting the main air supply channel through the auxiliary air supply channel, the wind speed in the main air supply channel is reduced, thereby reducing noise. At the same time, the airflow entering the flood discharge tunnel through the auxiliary air supply channel is dispersed by the energy dissipation grid before entering the flood discharge tunnel.

[0029] 3. Further reduce airflow noise in the main air supply channel during the air supply process by using sound insulation material layers and duct silencers.

[0030] 4. By monitoring water level, air pressure and wind speed in real time, the amount of air replenishment in the spillway is dynamically adjusted, which improves the air replenishment efficiency and ensures that the air replenishment demand can be met under various operating conditions. At the same time, it reduces the phenomenon of alternating open and full flow and improves the operational safety of the spillway. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0032] In the diagram: 1-Flood discharge tunnel, 2-Liquid level detection component, 3-Valve A, 4-Wind speed detection component, 5-Main air supply channel, 6-Valve B, 7-Auxiliary air supply channel, 8-Energy dissipation grid, 9-Air pressure detection component. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below, but the scope of protection is not limited to what is described.

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention discloses a dynamic ventilation and air replenishment system for a flood discharge tunnel, comprising a flood discharge tunnel 1, a main air replenishment channel 5, an auxiliary air replenishment channel 7, and a controller. The flood discharge tunnel 1 is equipped with a liquid level detection component 2 and a pressure detection component 9. One end of the main air replenishment channel 5 and the auxiliary air replenishment channel 7 are both connected to the top of the flood discharge tunnel 1. The main air replenishment channel 5 is equipped with a valve A3 and a wind speed detection component 4. The auxiliary air replenishment channel 7 is equipped with a valve B6. The controller is electrically connected to the liquid level detection component 2, the pressure detection component 9, the valve A3, the wind speed detection component 4, and the valve B6. The water level in the spillway 1 is monitored in real time by the liquid level detection component 2, the air pressure in the spillway 1 is monitored in real time by the air pressure detection component 9, and the wind speed in the main air supply channel 5 is monitored in real time by the wind speed detection component 4. The monitoring data are transmitted to the controller. The controller compares the monitoring data with the corresponding preset parameters and then decides whether to adjust the opening of valve A3 and whether to open valve B6. This allows for adaptive adjustment of the air supply based on dynamic parameters such as the flood discharge flow and the negative pressure inside the spillway, avoiding problems such as "insufficient air supply causing negative pressure" or "excessive air supply causing strong airflow noise." This ensures a continuous, stable, and effective air supply, thereby maintaining stable water flow in the spillway 1 and guaranteeing the safe operation of the spillway 1. Specifically, valve A3 is either an electric air valve or an electric ball valve.

[0035] The connection between the main air supply channel 5 and the flood discharge tunnel 1 is located upstream of the connection between the auxiliary air supply channel 7 and the flood discharge tunnel 1.

[0036] The liquid level detection component 2 is a radar liquid level gauge, which is installed at the top of the inner wall of the flood discharge tunnel 1 and is located upstream of the connection between the main air supply channel 5 and the flood discharge tunnel 1. The radar liquid level gauge is installed at the apex of the inner wall of the flood discharge tunnel 1.

[0037] The air pressure detection component 9 is a positive and negative pressure sensor, which is located at the top of the inner wall of the flood discharge tunnel 1 and downstream of the connection between the auxiliary air supply channel 7 and the flood discharge tunnel 1.

[0038] Valve A3 is an electric air valve.

[0039] The wind speed detection component 4 is a wind speed sensor.

[0040] The main air supply channel 5 is equipped with a sound insulation material layer and a duct silencer. The sound insulation material layer and the duct silencer further reduce the airflow noise in the main air supply channel 5 during the air supply process.

[0041] An energy-dissipating grid 8 is provided at one end of the auxiliary air supply channel 7 near the flood discharge tunnel 1. The airflow that is supplied to the flood discharge tunnel 1 through the auxiliary air supply channel 7 has its energy dispersed by the energy-dissipating grid 8 before entering the flood discharge tunnel 1.

[0042] A method for dynamic ventilation and air replenishment in a spillway tunnel includes the following steps:

[0043] Step 1: Preset the relevant parameters for wind speed, water level, and air pressure on the controller;

[0044] Step 2: Monitor the water level in the spillway 1 in real time through the liquid level detection component 2, monitor the air pressure in the spillway 1 in real time through the air pressure detection component 9, and monitor the wind speed in the main air supply channel 5 in real time through the wind speed detection component 4, and transmit the monitoring data to the controller respectively.

[0045] Step 3: The controller compares the monitored data with the corresponding preset parameters, and then decides whether to adjust the opening of valve A3 and whether to open valve B6.

[0046] In step three, when the air pressure detection component 9 detects that the air pressure inside the flood discharge tunnel 1 is negative, the opening of valve A3 is increased to adjust the air pressure inside the flood discharge tunnel 1 to positive pressure and maintain it, thereby achieving ventilation and air replenishment.

[0047] When the level detection component 2 detects a rise in the water level inside the spillway 1, resulting in the clearance at the top of the spillway 1 being between 15% and 25%, the opening of valve A3 is increased; when the clearance at the top of the spillway 1 is less than 15%, the controller issues an alarm; the clearance at the top is calculated using the following formula:

[0048] ,

[0049] ,

[0050] ,

[0051] ,

[0052] in, The remaining portion of the cave ceiling; The flow area of ​​water inside the spillway 1; This represents the net cross-sectional area of ​​flood discharge tunnel 1; The inner diameter of spillway tunnel 1; The central angle corresponding to the water surface is expressed in radians. The distance from the water surface to the top of the inner wall of the spillway 1 is the measured value of the liquid level detection component 2;

[0053] When the wind speed detection component 4 detects that the wind speed in the main air supply channel 5 is between 40 m / s and 45 m / s, it increases the opening of valve A3. If the wind speed continues to rise to 45 m / s, it opens valve B6, diverting the airflow through the auxiliary air supply channel 7 to reduce the wind speed in the main air supply channel 5 and achieve noise reduction. During use, the wind speed in the main air supply channel 5 should not exceed 60 m / s.

Claims

1. A dynamic ventilation air supplement system for a spillway tunnel, characterized by: The system includes a flood discharge tunnel (1), a main air supply channel (5), an auxiliary air supply channel (7), and a controller. The flood discharge tunnel (1) is equipped with a liquid level detection component (2) and a gas pressure detection component (9). One end of the main air supply channel (5) and the auxiliary air supply channel (7) are connected to the top of the flood discharge tunnel (1). The main air supply channel (5) is equipped with a valve A (3) and a wind speed detection component (4). The auxiliary air supply channel (7) is equipped with a valve B (6). The controller is electrically connected to the liquid level detection component (2), the gas pressure detection component (9), the valve A (3), the wind speed detection component (4), and the valve B (6).

2. The spillway tunnel dynamic ventilation makeup system of claim 1, wherein: The connection between the main air supply channel (5) and the flood discharge tunnel (1) is located upstream of the connection between the auxiliary air supply channel (7) and the flood discharge tunnel (1).

3. The dynamic ventilation and air replenishment system for the spillway tunnel as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The liquid level detection component (2) is a radar liquid level gauge, which is located at the top of the inner wall of the flood discharge tunnel (1) and upstream of the connection between the main air supply channel (5) and the flood discharge tunnel (1).

4. The dynamic ventilation and air replenishment system for the spillway tunnel as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The air pressure detection component (9) is a positive and negative pressure sensor, which is located at the top of the inner wall of the flood discharge tunnel (1) and downstream of the connection between the auxiliary air supply channel (7) and the flood discharge tunnel (1).

5. The dynamic ventilation and air replenishment system for spillway tunnels as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The valve A (3) is an electric air valve.

6. The dynamic ventilation and air replenishment system for spillway tunnels as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The wind speed detection component (4) is a wind speed sensor.

7. The dynamic ventilation and air replenishment system for spillway tunnels as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The main air supply channel (5) is equipped with a sound insulation material layer and a duct silencer.

8. The dynamic ventilation and air replenishment system for spillway tunnels as described in claim 1, characterized in that: An energy dissipation grid (8) is provided at one end of the auxiliary air supply channel (7) near the flood discharge tunnel (1).

9. A method for replenishing air using the dynamic ventilation and air replenishment system for spillway tunnels as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Preset the relevant parameters for wind speed, water level, and air pressure on the controller; Step 2: The water level in the spillway (1) is monitored in real time by the liquid level detection component (2), the air pressure in the spillway (1) is monitored in real time by the air pressure detection component (9), and the wind speed in the main air supply channel (5) is monitored in real time by the wind speed detection component (4). The monitoring data are then transmitted to the controller. Step 3: The controller compares the monitored data with the corresponding preset parameters, and then decides whether to adjust the opening of valve A (3) and whether to open valve B (6).

10. The method for replenishing air using the dynamic ventilation and air replenishment system of the spillway tunnel as described in claim 9, characterized in that: In step three, when the air pressure detection component (9) detects that the air pressure inside the flood discharge tunnel (1) is negative, the opening of valve A (3) is increased to adjust the air pressure inside the flood discharge tunnel (1) to positive pressure and maintain it, so as to achieve ventilation and air replenishment. When the level detection component (2) detects a rise in the water level inside the spillway (1), resulting in the clearance at the top of the spillway (1) being between 15% and 25%, the opening of valve A (3) is increased; when the clearance at the top of the spillway (1) is less than 15%, the controller issues an alarm; the clearance at the top is calculated using the following formula: ， ， ， ， in, The remaining portion of the cave ceiling; The flow area of ​​water in the spillway (1); The net cross-sectional area of ​​the flood discharge tunnel (1); The inner diameter of the flood discharge tunnel (1); The central angle corresponding to the water surface is expressed in radians. The distance from the water surface to the top of the inner wall of the spillway (1) is the measured value of the liquid level detection component (2); When the wind speed detection component (4) detects that the wind speed in the main air supply channel (5) is between 40m / s and 45m / s, it increases the opening of valve A (3). If the wind speed continues to climb to 45m / s, it opens valve B (6) and diverts the main air supply channel (5) through the auxiliary air supply channel (7) to reduce the wind speed in the main air supply channel (5) and achieve noise reduction.

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