A test device and a test method for determining the anti-floating force sharing ratio

Abstract

The application discloses a test device and a test method for determining anti-floating force sharing ratio, and belongs to the technical field of anti-floating test of underground structures. The test device comprises an underground structure model cylinder, a soil containing barrel for containing the underground structure model cylinder, an anti-floating assembly for providing a counterforce when the underground structure model cylinder floats, a load sensor arranged between the anti-floating assembly and the underground structure model cylinder, a water supply mechanism for supplying water to the soil containing barrel and providing a required test water pressure, a drainage assembly for draining overflow water of the soil containing barrel, a water head adjusting assembly for adjusting a water head in the soil containing barrel, a pore pressure sensor for measuring water pressures at different positions in the soil containing barrel, and an upper computer for calculating the anti-floating force sharing ratio according to the measured values of the load sensor and the pore pressure sensor. The application carries out test experiments on the underground structures under different water pressures by setting corresponding pressure relief water heads, so that the corresponding anti-floating force sharing ratio can be accurately determined.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of underground structure buoyancy test technology, specifically relating to a test device and test method for determining the buoyancy force sharing ratio. Background Technology

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization and the increasing scarcity of land resources, urban underground space is being developed and utilized on a large scale, leading to the construction of numerous deep underground structures. To ensure their safety, necessary anti-buoyancy measures are often required. Currently, anti-buoyancy technologies are divided into passive and active anti-buoyancy technologies, but they are insufficient to cope with unpredictable extreme rainstorms. Therefore, combining active anti-buoyancy measures for drainage with passive anti-buoyancy measures for uplift piles and anchors can resist unknown buoyancy forces. Thus, determining the anti-buoyancy force sharing ratio during the design phase becomes crucial.

[0003] In passive anti-buoyancy technology, anti-uplift piles and anti-uplift anchors are typically tightly connected to the foundation slab, providing anti-uplift resistance when the underground structure tends to displace upwards under buoyancy. Active anti-buoyancy technology, on the other hand, reduces and releases buoyancy in the underground structure through active water diversion and pressure relief, thereby achieving the goal of anti-buoyancy. Combining the two requires determining the proportion of buoyancy resistance borne by active and passive anti-buoyancy measures under different pressure relief heads, which necessitates extensive testing and experimentation.

[0004] In summary, the combination of active and passive anti-buoyancy technologies can resist unpredictable buoyancy. However, the magnitude of the anti-buoyancy force borne by each technology needs to be determined during the design process. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a test device and calculation method to determine the anti-buoyancy force sharing ratio. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a test apparatus and method for determining the buoyancy resistance sharing ratio. This method is applicable to determining the optimal buoyancy resistance sharing ratio using a combined active and passive anti-buoyancy design under different conditions. and overflow .

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented using the following technical solution:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a test device for determining the anti-buoyancy sharing ratio, comprising: an underground structure model cylinder, a soil container for holding the underground structure model cylinder, an anti-buoyancy component for providing a reaction force when the underground structure model cylinder floats, a load sensor disposed between the anti-buoyancy component and the underground structure model cylinder, a water supply mechanism for injecting water into the soil container and providing the required test water pressure, a drainage component for overflow drainage of the soil container, a water head adjustment component for adjusting the water head in the soil container, a pore pressure sensor for measuring the water pressure at different locations in the soil container, and a host computer for calculating the anti-buoyancy sharing ratio based on the measured values ​​of the load sensor and the pore pressure sensor.

[0008] The anti-buoyancy component includes a base, a top beam, and a tie rod, wherein the top beam secures the annular pressure plate and the annular cover plate to the top of the soil container.

[0009] The tie rod is fixed between the top beam and the base;

[0010] The head adjustment assembly also includes a drain pipe and a weighing sensor. The drain pipe drains water from the underground structure model cylinder and has a vent at the outlet to control the head height at the outlet. The top of the drain pipe is equipped with a water valve, which is in a completely passive anti-buoyancy state when closed and in a combined active and passive anti-buoyancy state when open.

[0011] The load cell, pore pressure sensor, and weighing sensor are all connected to the data acquisition instrument via data cables.

[0012] The anti-buoyancy component designed in this invention can provide a reaction force when the underground structural model cylinder floats up, thus playing an anti-buoyancy role.

[0013] Furthermore, the pore pressure sensor includes:

[0014] A pore pressure sensor installed on a soil-holding bucket for measuring and testing water pressure;

[0015] Pore ​​pressure sensor 2 and pore pressure sensor 3 are installed at the bottom of the underground structure model cylinder to measure the water pressure at the bottom of the underground structure model cylinder;

[0016] Pore ​​pressure sensors four to eight are installed at designated locations on the side wall of the underground structure model cylinder to measure water pressure at different heights on the side wall of the underground structure model cylinder.

[0017] This invention effectively obtains the pore pressure distribution around the underground structural model cylinder by designing multiple pore pressure sensors at different heights on the side of the cylinder.

[0018] Furthermore, the soil container includes a water inlet and a drain outlet, wherein the water inlet is connected to a water supply mechanism; and the drain outlet is connected to a drainage assembly.

[0019] Furthermore, the bottom of the underground structure model cylinder also includes a pressure relief drainage hole, which is connected to the water head adjustment component.

[0020] Furthermore, the drainage assembly includes a drain pipe, which has a second vent at the outlet for controlling the water head height at the outlet.

[0021] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a test method for determining the buoyancy resistance ratio, based on the test apparatus for determining the buoyancy resistance ratio described in the first aspect, the method comprising:

[0022] S1. Obtain the test soil and sand to be tested;

[0023] A test apparatus for determining the buoyancy resistance sharing ratio by assembling test soil and sand;

[0024] After the experimental setup is assembled, start the experimental setup to begin the test:

[0025] S7. Close the head adjustment component and start the water supply mechanism to supply water to the soil container until the test water pressure is reached. Then, the test began, measuring the pore pressure of the pore pressure sensor at preset time intervals. Passive anti-buoyancy force of load sensors ;

[0026] With the head adjustment components closed and the drain pipe not discharging water, the underground structural model cylinder is in a completely passive anti-buoyancy state. At this time, the buoyancy force borne by the bottom of the underground structural model cylinder is... The pressure is obtained through a pore pressure sensor, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0027] ,

[0028] In the formula, , These are the pore pressure test values ​​of pore pressure sensor two and pore pressure sensor three installed at the bottom of the underground structure model cylinder when the water head adjustment component is closed. The bottom area of ​​the underground structure model cylinder;

[0029] S8. After obtaining the stable values ​​of each sensor over time, maintain the test water pressure. Without changing the setting, open the head adjustment component and set the pressure relief head using the head adjustment component. The test begins, measuring the pore pressure of the pore pressure sensor at preset time intervals. Passive anti-buoyancy force of load sensors Overflow of the weighing sensor ;

[0030] The head adjustment component is activated, adjusting the head at the bottom of the underground structure model cylinder. The underground structure model cylinder is now in a combined active and passive anti-buoyancy state, with a pressure relief head of [missing information]. buoyancy The calculation formula is:

[0031] ,

[0032] In the formula, , These are the pore pressure test values ​​of pore pressure sensor 2 and pore pressure sensor 3 installed at the bottom of the underground structure model cylinder when the pressure relief head is h1;

[0033] Active anti-buoyancy The calculation formula is:

[0034] ,

[0035] In the formula, This refers to the buoyancy when the head regulating component is closed. With the head regulating assembly open and the pressure relief head at [value], Buoyancy at time;

[0036] Obtaining active anti-buoyancy force and passive anti-buoyancy Based on this, the pressure relief head is calculated as follows: The ratio of anti-buoyancy to for:

[0037] ;

[0038] S9. After obtaining the stable values ​​of each sensor over time, continue to maintain the test water pressure. The pressure relief head remains unchanged, and is set via the head adjustment component. The test begins, measuring the pore pressure of the pore pressure sensor at preset time intervals. Passive anti-buoyancy force of load sensors Overflow of the weighing sensor ;

[0039] The head adjustment assembly is open and the pressure relief head is [value missing]. buoyancy The calculation formula is:

[0040] ,

[0041] In the formula, , The two pore pressure sensors, namely pore pressure sensor 2 and pore pressure sensor 3, are installed at the bottom of the underground structural model cylinder, with a pressure relief head of [missing information]. The pore pressure test value at that time;

[0042] Active anti-buoyancy The calculation formula is:

[0043] ,

[0044] In the formula, This refers to the buoyancy when the head regulating component is closed. With the head regulating assembly open and the pressure relief head at [value], Buoyancy at time;

[0045] Obtaining active anti-buoyancy force and passive anti-buoyancy Based on this, the pressure relief head is calculated as follows: The ratio of anti-buoyancy to for:

[0046] ;

[0047] S10. Keep the test water pressure constant and open the head adjustment component to set different pressure relief heads. Then, different anti-buoyancy sharing ratios can be tested and calculated. .

[0048] Furthermore, a test apparatus for determining the buoyancy resistance sharing ratio is assembled using test soil and sand, including:

[0049] S2. Place the base and put the soil bucket on the base;

[0050] S3. First, fill the soil container with 10cm thick sand, then fill the soil container with at least 30cm thick test soil, then fill the soil container with 5cm thick sand at the position of the underground structure model cylinder and place the underground structure model cylinder with the pore pressure sensor installed. Next, continue to fill the test soil on the side of the underground structure model cylinder until the top height is 10cm. Finally, fill the test soil with sand until it is level with the top of the underground structure model cylinder.

[0051] S4. After filling is completed, install the annular pressure plate and annular cover plate, and then install the tie rod and top beam;

[0052] S5. After the tie rod and the top beam are installed, place the load sensor and tighten the tie rod so that the top of the load sensor is close to the top beam.

[0053] S6. After the above installation is completed, install the drainage component, water head adjustment component and water supply mechanism to the soil container, and connect the load sensor and pore pressure sensor to the host computer.

[0054] Furthermore, it also includes:

[0055] S11. Change the test water pressure provided by the water supply unit. Repeat steps S7 to S10 to obtain the same test soil under different test water pressures and different pressure relief heads. Buoyancy sharing ratio under the condition ;

[0056] S12. Summarize the buoyancy sharing ratio under the test conditions of steps S7~S11. and overflow This provides a theoretical basis for active and passive anti-buoyancy design under different engineering conditions.

[0057] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are as follows:

[0058] This invention provides an experimental apparatus and method for determining the buoyancy resistance ratio. The apparatus includes an underground structural model cylinder, a soil-filled bucket, an anti-buoyancy component, a load cell, a water supply mechanism, a drainage component, a head adjustment component, a pore pressure sensor, and a host computer. By designing multiple pore pressure sensors at different heights on the side of the underground structural model cylinder, the pore pressure distribution around the structural model cylinder can be accurately obtained. This invention can simulate combined active and passive anti-buoyancy conditions under different water pressures and different depressurization heads, thereby accurately measuring the buoyancy resistance ratio under different anti-buoyancy conditions. and overflow This provides a theoretical basis for matching appropriate anti-buoyancy conditions in practical engineering and effectively promotes the reliable application of combined active and passive anti-buoyancy technology in practical engineering.

[0059] In addition, the present invention can also obtain test data under different soil types, which greatly enriches the anti-buoyancy design database and provides comprehensive support for design decisions in complex environments.

[0060] In summary, this invention can obtain, through experiments, the anti-buoyancy force sharing ratio under combined active and passive anti-buoyancy conditions for underground structures located in different soil masses, under different water pressures, and with different pressure relief heads. and overflow It effectively makes up for the shortcomings in existing anti-buoyancy design theories and has important engineering application value. Attached Figure Description

[0061] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a test device for determining the anti-buoyancy sharing ratio according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 2 This is a top view of a test device for determining the anti-buoyancy sharing ratio according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0063] Attached reference numerals: 1. Base; 2. Soil container; 3. Underground structure model cylinder; 4. Top beam; 5. Tie rod; 6. Load cell; 7. Pressure relief and drainage hole; 81~88. Pore pressure sensor one~pore pressure sensor eight; 9. Drainage outlet; 10. Sand; 11. Test soil; 12. Annular pressure plate; 13. Annular cover plate; 14. Drainage pipe; 15. Overflow tank; 16. Water valve; 171. Vent one; 172. Vent two; 18. Seepage tank; 19. Weighing sensor; 20. Data acquisition instrument; 21. Data cable; 22. Water supply mechanism; 23. Water inlet; 24. Drainage pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0064] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments and specific features in the embodiments are detailed descriptions of the technical solution of the present application, rather than limitations thereof. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments and technical features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0065] In this article, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0066] Example 1:

[0067] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a test device for determining the anti-buoyancy sharing ratio, including: an underground structure model cylinder 3, a soil container 2 for holding the underground structure model cylinder 3, an anti-buoyancy component for providing a reaction force when the underground structure model cylinder 3 floats, a load sensor 6 disposed between the anti-buoyancy component and the underground structure model cylinder 3, a water supply mechanism 22 for injecting water into the soil container 2 and providing the required test water pressure, a drainage component for overflow drainage of the soil container 2, a water head adjustment component for adjusting the water head in the soil container 2, a pore pressure sensor for measuring the water pressure at different positions in the soil container 2, and a host computer for calculating the anti-buoyancy sharing ratio based on the measured values ​​of the load sensor 6 and the pore pressure sensor.

[0068] The anti-buoyancy component includes a base 1, a top beam 4, and a tie rod 5. The top beam 4 fastens the annular pressure plate 12 and the annular cover plate 13 to the top of the soil container 2. The tie rod 5 is fixed between the top beam 4 and the base 1.

[0069] The water head adjustment assembly also includes a drain pipe 14 and a weighing sensor 19. The drain pipe 14 drains water from the underground structure model cylinder 3. A vent 171 is provided at the outlet to control the water head height at the outlet. A water valve 16 is provided at the top of the drain pipe 14. When closed, it is in a completely passive anti-buoyancy state. When open, it is in a combined active and passive anti-buoyancy state. The load sensor 6, the pore pressure sensor, and the weighing sensor 19 are all connected to the data acquisition instrument 20 through a data cable 21.

[0070] Furthermore, the pore pressure sensor includes:

[0071] A pore pressure sensor 81 is installed on the soil container 2 to measure and test water pressure.

[0072] Pore ​​pressure sensor 2 82 and pore pressure sensor 3 83 are installed at the bottom of the underground structure model cylinder 3 to measure the water pressure at the bottom of the underground structure model cylinder.

[0073] The pore pressure sensors 484 and 88 are installed at designated positions on the side wall of the underground structure model cylinder 3 to measure the water pressure at different heights on the side wall of the underground structure model cylinder 3.

[0074] Furthermore, the soil container 2 includes a water inlet 23 and a drain outlet 9, wherein the water inlet 23 is connected to the water supply mechanism 22; and the drain outlet 9 is connected to the drainage component.

[0075] Furthermore, the bottom of the underground structure model cylinder 3 also includes a pressure relief drainage hole 7, which is connected to the water head adjustment component.

[0076] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, the load sensor 6 is placed between the underground structure model cylinder 3 and the top beam 4 to test the passive anti-buoyancy force of the underground structure model cylinder 3 when it floats up in real time.

[0077] Furthermore, the drainage assembly includes a drain pipe 24, which has a vent 172 at the outlet for controlling the water head height at the outlet.

[0078] Example 2:

[0079] Based on the same inventive concept as Example 1, this example introduces a test method for determining the buoyancy resistance ratio. The test apparatus described in Example 1 is used to determine the buoyancy resistance ratio, as shown in Table 1:

[0080] Table 1. Test data under three depressurization head conditions.

[0081]

[0082] The methods include:

[0083] S1. Obtain the test soil 11 and sand 10 to be tested;

[0084] An experimental apparatus was assembled using test soil 11 and sand 10 to determine the buoyancy resistance sharing ratio;

[0085] After the experimental setup is assembled, start the experimental setup to begin the test:

[0086] S7. Close the head adjustment component and start the water supply mechanism 22 to supply water to the soil tank 2 until the test water pressure is reached. Then, the test began, measuring the pore pressure of the pore pressure sensor at preset time intervals. Passive anti-buoyancy force of load sensor 6 ;

[0087] With the head adjustment component closed and drain pipe 14 not discharging water, the underground structure model cylinder 3 is in a completely passive anti-buoyancy state. At this time, the buoyancy force borne by the bottom of the underground structure model cylinder 3 is... The pressure is obtained through a pore pressure sensor, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0088] ,

[0089] In the formula, , These are the pore pressure test values ​​of pore pressure sensor 2 (82) and pore pressure sensor 3 (83) installed at the bottom of the underground structure model cylinder 3, respectively, when the head adjustment component is closed. The bottom area of ​​underground structure model cylinder 3;

[0090] In this embodiment, the test water pressure P is set to 50 kPa, the head adjustment component is closed, the drain pipe 14 does not drain water, and the underground structure model cylinder 3 is in a completely passive anti-buoyancy state. At this time, the buoyancy force borne by the bottom of the underground structure model cylinder 3 is... It is 1.955kN, and the buoyancy resistance ratio is... The ratio is 0.0:1, representing overflow. =0;

[0091] S8. After obtaining the stable values ​​of each sensor over time, maintain the test water pressure. Without changing the setting, open the head adjustment component and set the pressure relief head using the head adjustment component. The test begins, measuring the pore pressure of the pore pressure sensor at preset time intervals. Passive anti-buoyancy force of load sensor 6 The overflow V1 of the weighing sensor 19;

[0092] The head adjustment component is activated, adjusting the head at the bottom of the underground structure model cylinder 3. The underground structure model cylinder 3 is now in a combined active and passive anti-buoyancy state, with a pressure relief head of [missing information]. buoyancy The calculation formula is:

[0093] ,

[0094] In the formula, , These are the pore pressure test values ​​of pore pressure sensor 2 82 and pore pressure sensor 3 83 installed at the bottom of the underground structure model cylinder 3 when the pressure relief head is h1, respectively.

[0095] Active anti-buoyancy The calculation formula is:

[0096] ,

[0097] In the formula, This refers to the buoyancy when the head regulating component is closed. With the head regulating assembly open and the pressure relief head at [value], Buoyancy at time;

[0098] Obtaining active anti-buoyancy force and passive anti-buoyancy Based on this, the pressure relief head is calculated as follows: The ratio of anti-buoyancy to for:

[0099] ;

[0100] In this embodiment, a test water pressure is set. The pressure is 50 kPa. The head regulating component opens, and the drain pipe 14 drains water to release pressure. At this time, the pressure relief head height is... The underground structure model cylinder 3 is in a combined active and passive anti-buoyancy state, at which time the buoyancy... It is 1.484 kN, active anti-buoyancy. The buoyancy resistance ratio is 0.471 kN when the depressurization head is h1. The ratio is 0.3:1, overflow. , For overflow time;

[0101] S9. After obtaining the stable values ​​of each sensor over time, continue to maintain the test water pressure. The pressure relief head remains unchanged, and is set via the head adjustment component. The test begins, measuring the pore pressure of the pore pressure sensor at preset time intervals. Passive anti-buoyancy force of load sensor 6 The overflow V2 of the weighing sensor 19;

[0102] The head adjustment assembly is open and the pressure relief head is [value missing]. buoyancy The calculation formula is:

[0103] ,

[0104] In the formula, , The two pore pressure sensors, 82 and 83, installed at the bottom of the underground structural model cylinder 3, are respectively located at a pressure relief head of... The pore pressure test value at that time;

[0105] Active anti-buoyancy The calculation formula is:

[0106] ,

[0107] In the formula, This refers to the buoyancy when the head regulating component is closed. With the head regulating assembly open and the pressure relief head at [value], Buoyancy at time;

[0108] Obtaining active anti-buoyancy force and passive anti-buoyancy Based on this, the pressure relief head is calculated as follows: The ratio of anti-buoyancy to for:

[0109] ;

[0110] In this embodiment, the test water pressure P is set to 50 kPa, the head adjustment component is opened, and the drain pipe 14 drains water to release pressure. At this time, the pressure relief head height is... The underground structure model cylinder 3 is in a combined active and passive anti-buoyancy state, at which time the buoyancy... It is 1.192 kN, active anti-buoyancy. The pressure relief head is 0.763 kN. The ratio of anti-buoyancy to The ratio is 0.6:1, overflow. , For overflow time;

[0111] S10. Keep the test water pressure constant and open the head adjustment component to set different pressure relief heads. Then, different anti-buoyancy sharing ratios can be tested and calculated. .

[0112] Furthermore, a test apparatus for determining the buoyancy resistance sharing ratio is assembled using test soil and sand, including:

[0113] S2. Place base 1 and put soil bucket 2 on base 1;

[0114] S3. First, fill the soil container 2 with 10cm thick sand 10, then fill the soil container 2 with at least 30cm thick test soil 11, then fill the soil container 2 with 5cm thick sand 10 at the position of the underground structure model cylinder 3 and place the underground structure model cylinder 3 with the pore pressure sensor installed. Then, continue to fill the test soil 11 on the side of the underground structure model cylinder 3 until the top height is 10cm. Finally, fill the test soil 11 with sand 10 until it is level with the top of the underground structure model cylinder 3.

[0115] S4. After filling is completed, install the annular pressure plate 12 and the annular cover plate 13, and then install the tie rod 5 and the top beam 4.

[0116] S5. After the tie rod 5 and the top beam 4 are installed, place the load sensor 6 and tighten the tie rod 5 so that the top of the load sensor 6 is close to the top beam 4.

[0117] S6. After the above installation is completed, install the drainage component, water head adjustment component and water supply mechanism 22 to the soil container 2, and connect the load sensor 6 and pore pressure sensor to the host computer.

[0118] Furthermore, S11, change the test water pressure provided by the water supply unit 22. Repeat steps S7 to S10 to obtain the same test soil 11 under different test water pressures and different pressure relief heads. Buoyancy sharing ratio under the condition ;

[0119] S12. Summarize the buoyancy sharing ratio under the test conditions of steps S7~S11. This provides a theoretical basis for active and passive anti-buoyancy design under different engineering conditions.

[0120] In summary, during the water pressure test... Under constant conditions, the buoyancy resistance sharing ratio and overflow are different under different pressure relief heads. The smaller the pressure relief head, the greater the buoyancy resistance shared by the active drainage and the greater the overflow.

[0121] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test apparatus for determining the buoyancy resistance sharing ratio, characterized in that, include: The underground structure model cylinder (3), the soil container (2) for holding the underground structure model cylinder (3), the anti-buoyancy component for providing reaction force when the underground structure model cylinder (3) floats, the load sensor (6) set between the anti-buoyancy component and the underground structure model cylinder (3), the water supply mechanism (22) for filling the soil container (2) with water and providing the required test water pressure, the drainage component for overflow drainage of the soil container (2), the water head adjustment component for adjusting the water head in the soil container (2), the pore pressure sensor for measuring the water pressure at different positions in the soil container (2), and the host computer for calculating the anti-buoyancy force sharing ratio based on the measured values ​​of the load sensor (6) and the pore pressure sensor; The anti-buoyancy component includes a base (1), a top beam (4), and a tie rod (5). The top beam (4) secures the annular pressure plate (12) and the annular cover plate (13) to the top of the soil container (2). The tie rod (5) is fixed between the top beam (4) and the base (1). The water head adjustment assembly also includes a drain pipe (14) and a weighing sensor (19). The drain pipe (14) drains water from the underground structure model cylinder (3). A vent (171) is provided at the outlet to control the water head height at the outlet. A water valve (16) is provided at the top of the drain pipe (14). When closed, it is in a completely passive anti-buoyancy state. When open, it is in a combined active and passive anti-buoyancy state. The load sensor (6), the pore pressure sensor, and the weighing sensor (19) are all connected to the data acquisition instrument (20) through a data cable (21).

2. The test apparatus for determining the buoyancy resistance sharing ratio according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pore pressure sensor includes: A pore pressure sensor (81) is installed on the soil container (2) for measuring and testing water pressure. A second pore pressure sensor (82) and a third pore pressure sensor (83) are installed at the bottom of the underground structure model cylinder (3) to measure the water pressure at the bottom of the underground structure model cylinder (3). A pore pressure sensor four (84) to a pore pressure sensor eight (88) are installed at a set position on the side wall of the underground structure model cylinder (3) to measure the water pressure at different heights on the side wall of the underground structure model cylinder (3).

3. The test apparatus for determining the anti-buoyancy sharing ratio according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil container (2) includes a water inlet (23) and a drain outlet (9). The water inlet (23) is connected to the water supply mechanism, and the drain outlet (9) is connected to the drainage component.

4. The test apparatus for determining the anti-buoyancy sharing ratio according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the underground structure model cylinder (3) also includes a pressure relief drainage hole (7), which is connected to the water head adjustment component.

5. The test apparatus for determining the anti-buoyancy sharing ratio according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drainage assembly includes a drain pipe (24), which has a second vent (172) at the outlet to control the water head height at the outlet.

6. A test method for determining the buoyancy resistance sharing ratio, characterized in that, The test is conducted using the test apparatus for determining the buoyancy resistance ratio as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, the method comprising: S1. Obtain the test soil (11) and sand (10) to be tested. An experimental apparatus for determining the buoyancy resistance sharing ratio was assembled using test soil (11) and sand (10); After the experimental setup is assembled, start the experimental setup to begin the test: S7. Close the head adjustment component and start the water supply mechanism (22) to supply water to the soil container (2) and reach the test water pressure. Then, the test began, measuring the pore pressure of the pore pressure sensor at preset time intervals. Passive anti-buoyancy force of load sensor (6) ; With the head adjustment component closed and the drain pipe (14) not draining, the underground structure model cylinder (3) is in a completely passive anti-buoyancy state. At this time, the buoyancy force borne by the bottom of the underground structure model cylinder (3) is... The pressure is obtained through a pore pressure sensor, and the calculation formula is as follows: ， In the formula, , The values ​​of the pore pressure of pore pressure sensor 2 (82) and pore pressure sensor 3 (83) installed at the bottom of the underground structure model cylinder (3) when the head adjustment assembly is closed are respectively. The bottom area of ​​the underground structure model tube (3); S8. After obtaining the stable values ​​of each sensor over time, maintain the test water pressure. Without changing the setting, open the head adjustment component and set the pressure relief head using the head adjustment component. The test begins, measuring the pore pressure of the pore pressure sensor at preset time intervals. Passive anti-buoyancy force of load sensor (6) ; The head adjustment component is opened, adjusting the head at the bottom of the underground structure model cylinder (3). The underground structure model cylinder (3) is in a combined active and passive anti-buoyancy state, and the pressure relief head is... buoyancy The calculation formula is: ， In the formula, , The values ​​of the pore pressure sensor 2 (82) and pore pressure sensor 3 (83) installed at the bottom of the underground structure model cylinder (3) are the pore pressure test values ​​when the pressure relief head is h1, respectively. Active anti-buoyancy The calculation formula is: ， In the formula, This refers to the buoyancy when the head regulating component is closed. With the head regulating assembly open and the pressure relief head at [value], Buoyancy at time; Obtaining active anti-buoyancy force and passive anti-buoyancy Based on this, the pressure relief head is calculated as follows: Buoyancy sharing ratio at time for: ； S9. After obtaining the stable values ​​of each sensor over time, continue to maintain the test water pressure. The pressure relief head remains unchanged, and is set via the head adjustment component. The test begins, measuring the pore pressure of the pore pressure sensor at preset time intervals. Passive anti-buoyancy force of load sensor (6) ; The head adjustment assembly is open and the pressure relief head is [value missing]. buoyancy The calculation formula is: ， In the formula, , The two pore pressure sensors, 2 (82) and 3 (83), installed at the bottom of the underground structural model cylinder (3), are respectively located at a pressure relief head of [missing information]. The pore pressure test value at that time; Active anti-buoyancy The calculation formula is: ， In the formula, This refers to the buoyancy when the head regulating component is closed. With the head regulating assembly open and the pressure relief head at [value], Buoyancy at time; Obtaining active anti-buoyancy force and passive anti-buoyancy Based on this, the pressure relief head is calculated as follows: The ratio of anti-buoyancy to for: ； S10. Keep the test water pressure constant and open the head adjustment component to set different pressure relief heads. Different anti-buoyancy ratios can then be tested and calculated. .

7. The test method for determining the anti-buoyancy sharing ratio according to claim 6, characterized in that, An experimental apparatus for determining the buoyancy resistance sharing ratio is assembled using test soil (11) and sand (10), comprising: S2. Place the base (1) and put the soil bucket (2) on the base (1); S3. First, fill the sand (10) of the set thickness into the soil container (2), then fill the test soil (11) of the set thickness into the soil container (2), then place the sand (10) of the set thickness into the position of the underground structure model cylinder (3) and put in the underground structure model cylinder (3) with the pore pressure sensor installed. Then, continue to fill the test soil (11) to the set height on the side of the underground structure model cylinder (3), and finally fill the sand (10) on the test soil (11) to be level with the top of the underground structure model cylinder (3). S4. After filling is completed, install the annular pressure plate (12) and the annular cover plate (13), and then install the tie rod (5) and the top beam (4). S5. After the tie rod (5) and the top beam (4) are installed, place the load sensor (6) and tighten the tie rod (5) so that the top of the load sensor (6) is close to the top beam (4). S6. After the above installation is completed, install the drainage component, water head adjustment component and water supply mechanism (22) to the soil container (2), and connect the load sensor (6) and pore pressure sensor to the host computer.

8. The test method for determining the anti-buoyancy sharing ratio according to claim 6, characterized in that, Also includes: S11. Change the test water pressure provided by the water supply unit (22). Repeat steps S7~S10 to obtain the same test soil (11) under different test water pressures and different pressure relief heads. Buoyancy sharing ratio under the condition ; S12. Summarize the anti-buoyancy sharing ratio under the test conditions of steps S7~S11. This provides a theoretical basis for active and passive anti-buoyancy design under different engineering conditions.

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