Single crystal single particle energetic material explosion detection system, method and apparatus

Abstract

The application discloses a single-crystal single-particle energetic material explosion detection system, method and device, and is applied to the technical field of energetic material explosion detection.The system comprises a microscopic imaging module, a spectrum acquisition module, a light detection module, a force detection module, an energy supply module and a data processing module.The microscopic imaging module is used for acquiring images.The energy supply module is used for supplying energy to a single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample.The spectrum acquisition module is used for generating a spectrum time curve.The light detection module is used for generating a light intensity time curve.The force detection module is used for generating a force time curve.The data processing module is used for generating explosion parameters according to the images, the spectrum time curve, the light intensity time curve and the force time curve sent by a camera.The application can improve the accuracy, efficiency and safety of energetic material explosion detection, reduce the requirement of an explosion test on the quantity of energetic material samples, and achieve the effect of synthesizing and testing simultaneously.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of explosive detection technology for energetic materials, and in particular to an explosive detection system, method and apparatus for single-crystal single-particle energetic materials. Background Technology

[0002] This section is intended to provide background or context for the embodiments of the invention described herein. The description herein is not intended to imply that it is prior art simply because it is included in this section.

[0003] Energetic materials are a general term for materials that can release large amounts of energy and perform work on the outside world through rapid chemical reactions. These materials typically have high energy density and high reactivity, and their energy is stored in the molecular structure in the form of chemical energy.

[0004] Traditional methods for testing energetic materials require fabricating the material into explosive charges, detonating them at a test range, and then obtaining the material's explosion parameters. This method has the following drawbacks: First, the explosive properties of new materials are not yet fully understood, and large-scale synthesis and charge fabrication pose significant safety risks. Second, the charge fabrication process requires the addition of adhesives and other materials, affecting the accuracy of the explosion parameters obtained from material testing. Third, since charge fabrication requires at least several grams of sample, the yield of novel materials is low without process optimization, resulting in an extremely long process from synthesis to parameter testing, thus reducing the efficiency of material development.

[0005] Explosion parameters include detonation temperature, detonation velocity, and detonation pressure. For detonation temperature detection, the traditional method is colorimetric thermometry. Colorimetric thermometry is a temperature measurement method based on comparing the intensities of two similar wavelengths in the spectrum. It generally estimates the temperature by analyzing the ratio of the radiation intensity of an object at two wavelengths. According to the blackbody radiation law, any object with a temperature above absolute zero emits electromagnetic radiation, i.e., thermal radiation. According to Planck's law, the radiation intensity I(λ, T0) of a blackbody at a certain wavelength λ can be expressed as:

[0006]

[0007] Where h is Planck's constant, c is the speed of light, and K is the velocity of light. B is Boltzmann's constant, and T0 is the absolute temperature.

[0008] Assuming that the emissivity ε(λ) of an object is approximately equal at two adjacent wavelengths (λ1 and λ2) (i.e., ε(λ1)≈ε(λ2)), the ratio of the radiation intensity of the two wavelengths is only related to temperature, thus eliminating the influence of emissivity. Temperature can be directly deduced by measuring this ratio without needing to know the object's emissivity. Traditional methods for detecting burst temperatures measure temperature solely through the ratio of the intensities of two wavelengths, which has relatively large errors and reduces the accuracy of temperature detection. Colorimetric methods use photodiodes as photoelectric detection devices. The response time of photodiodes is typically several μs, which is relatively slow and therefore unsuitable for detecting extremely fast processes. Furthermore, this method still requires a significant amount of material to complete the measurement.

[0009] For detonation velocity and detonation pressure detection, the traditional method is the image method. Although this method has greatly reduced the amount of sample required, it still requires a certain amount of time to synthesize a sufficient sample, and cannot perform a real-time synthesis and detection process. Summary of the Invention

[0010] This invention provides a single-crystal, single-particle energetic material explosion detection system to improve the accuracy, efficiency, and safety of energetic material explosion detection, reduce the requirements for the amount of energetic material sample in explosion testing, and achieve the effect of immediate synthesis and testing. The system includes: a microscopic imaging module, a spectral acquisition module, a light detection module, a force detection module, an energy supply module, and a data processing module.

[0011] The microscopic imaging module includes a light source, a microscope, and a camera; the light source provides light; the microscope magnifies the image of the entire explosion process of a single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample, acquires the photons generated during the explosion process, and sends the photons to the spectral acquisition module and the photodetector module; the camera acquires the magnified image from the microscope and sends the acquired image to the data processing module.

[0012] The energy supply module is used to supply energy to a single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample using a laser, current source and / or voltage source until the single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample explodes.

[0013] The spectral acquisition module includes a beam splitter, a first photomultiplier tube, and a first data acquisition unit. The beam splitter is used to separate photons into different wavelengths. The first photomultiplier tube is used to acquire the spectra of photons of different wavelengths, convert the spectra into a first electrical signal, and then transmit it to the first data acquisition unit. The first data acquisition unit is used to generate a spectral time curve based on the first electrical signal and send the spectral time curve to the data processing module.

[0014] The light detection module includes a second photomultiplier tube and a second data acquisition unit; the second photomultiplier tube is used to collect the light intensity signal of photons, convert the light intensity signal into a second electrical signal and transmit it to the second data acquisition unit; the second data acquisition unit is used to generate a light intensity-time curve based on the second electrical signal and send the light intensity-time curve to the data processing module; the second photomultiplier tube is a single-channel photomultiplier tube.

[0015] The force detection module includes a microcantilever beam with a needle tip, a vibration sensor, and a third data acquisition unit. The needle tip is positioned near the single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample. The vibration sensor is used to collect the vibration signal of the microcantilever beam with the needle tip during the entire explosion process of the single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample, convert the vibration signal into a third electrical signal, and then transmit it to the third data acquisition unit. The third data acquisition unit is used to generate a force-time curve based on the third electrical signal and send the force-time curve to the data processing module.

[0016] The data processing module is used to generate explosion parameters based on the images, spectral time curves, light intensity time curves, and force time curves sent by the camera; the explosion parameters include explosion temperature, explosion velocity, and explosion pressure.

[0017] This invention also provides a method for detecting the explosion of single-crystal, single-particle energetic materials, to improve the accuracy, efficiency, and safety of energetic material explosion detection, reduce the sample size requirements for explosion testing, and achieve the effect of simultaneous synthesis and testing, including:

[0018] To acquire images of the entire explosion process of a single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample and the photons generated; the explosion occurs after energy is supplied to the single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample using a laser, current source, and / or voltage source;

[0019] Photons are divided into different wavelengths, and spectral-time curves are generated based on the spectra of photons of different wavelengths;

[0020] Collect the light intensity signal of photons and generate a light intensity-time curve based on the light intensity signal;

[0021] Vibration signals of a microcantilever beam with a needle tip were collected during the entire explosion process of a single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample, and a force-time curve was generated based on the vibration signals; the needle tip was placed near the single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample.

[0022] Explosion parameters are generated based on images, spectral time curves, light intensity time curves, and force time curves; the explosion parameters include explosion temperature, explosion velocity, and explosion pressure.

[0023] This invention also provides a device for detecting the explosion of single-crystal, single-particle energetic materials, which improves the accuracy, efficiency, and safety of energetic material explosion detection, reduces the sample quantity requirements for explosive testing, and achieves the effect of simultaneous synthesis and testing. The device includes:

[0024] The acquisition module is used to acquire images of the entire explosion process of a single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample and the photons generated; the explosion occurs after energy is supplied to the single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample using a laser, current source, and / or voltage source;

[0025] The spectral time curve generation module is used to divide photons into different wavelengths and generate spectral time curves based on the spectra of photons of different wavelengths.

[0026] The light intensity time curve generation module is used to collect the light intensity signal of photons and generate a light intensity time curve based on the light intensity signal;

[0027] The force-time curve generation module is used to collect the vibration signal of the micro cantilever beam with a needle tip during the entire explosion process of a single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample, and generate a force-time curve based on the vibration signal; the needle tip is set near the single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample;

[0028] The explosion parameter generation module is used to generate explosion parameters based on images, spectral time curves, light intensity time curves, and force time curves; the explosion parameters include explosion temperature, explosion velocity, and explosion pressure.

[0029] This invention also provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the above-described method for detecting the explosion of single-crystal, single-particle energetic materials.

[0030] This invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method for detecting the explosion of single-crystal, single-particle energetic materials.

[0031] This invention also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method for detecting the explosion of single-crystal, single-particle energetic materials.

[0032] Compared with existing energetic material detection technologies, this invention utilizes a microscopic imaging module, a spectral acquisition module, a light detection module, a force detection module, an energy supply module, and a data processing module. The microscopic imaging module includes a light source, a microscope, and a camera. The light source provides light. The microscope magnifies the entire explosion process of a single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample, acquiring photons generated during the explosion and sending them to the spectral acquisition and light detection modules. The camera acquires the magnified images and sends them to the data processing module. The energy supply module provides energy to the single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample using a laser, current source, and / or voltage source until the sample explodes. The spectral acquisition module includes a beam splitter, a first photomultiplier tube, and a first data acquisition unit. The beam splitter separates photons into different wavelengths. The first photomultiplier tube acquires the spectra of photons of different wavelengths, converts the spectra into a first electrical signal, and transmits it to the first data acquisition unit. The first data acquisition unit generates a spectral-time curve based on the first electrical signal and sends the spectral-time curve to the data processing module. The light detection module... The system includes a second photomultiplier tube and a second data acquisition unit. The second photomultiplier tube collects the light intensity signal of photons, converts it into a second electrical signal, and transmits it to the second data acquisition unit. The second data acquisition unit generates a light intensity-time curve based on the second electrical signal and sends the curve to the data processing module. The second photomultiplier tube is a single-channel photomultiplier tube. The force detection module includes a microcantilever beam with a tip, a vibration sensor, and a third data acquisition unit. The tip is positioned near the single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample. The vibration sensor collects the light intensity signal from the microcantilever beam in the single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample. The vibration signals from the entire explosion process of the material sample are converted into a third electrical signal and transmitted to a third data acquisition unit. The third data acquisition unit generates a force-time curve based on the third electrical signal and sends the force-time curve to the data processing module. The data processing module generates explosion parameters based on the images, spectral time curves, light intensity time curves, and force-time curves sent by the camera. The explosion parameters include explosion temperature, explosion velocity, and explosion pressure, which can improve the accuracy, efficiency, and safety of energetic material explosion detection, reduce the requirements for the amount of energetic material sample in explosion testing, and achieve the effect of immediate synthesis and testing. Attached Figure Description

[0033] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings:

[0034] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the explosion detection system for single-crystal, single-particle energetic materials in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a specific example of the explosion detection system for single-crystal, single-particle energetic materials in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the laser heating detonation module in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the spectral acquisition module in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the optical detection module in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the force detection module in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the calculation of the shock wave's effective area in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 8 This is a flowchart of the explosion detection method for single-crystal single-particle energetic materials in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 9 Images of a single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample before and after an explosion, as shown in this embodiment of the invention.

[0043] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the spectral-time curve and temperature change curve of the entire explosion process of a single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the light intensity-time curve and the differentiated light intensity-time curve in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the force-time curve in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 13 This is a structural block diagram of the single-crystal single-particle energetic material explosion detection device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the computer device structure in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0048] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Here, the illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0049] The acquisition, storage, use, and processing of data in this application comply with relevant laws and regulations.

[0050] First, the definitions of the key terms in this article are given:

[0051] Explosion pressure: The pressure generated during an explosion;

[0052] Detonation velocity: the speed of the explosion process;

[0053] Explosion temperature: the temperature during the explosion process.

[0054] The technical principles and implementation effects of the present invention will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. However, the following embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention in detail and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way.

[0055] Traditional testing of energetic materials faces several challenges: First, the explosive properties of new materials are often unclear, posing significant safety risks when large-scale synthesis and propellant preparation are undertaken. Second, the propellant preparation process requires the addition of adhesives and other materials, affecting the actual parameters obtained during testing. Third, since propellant preparation requires at least several grams of sample, the yield of novel materials is low without process optimization, resulting in an extremely long process from synthesis to parameter testing, thus reducing the efficiency of material development. Fourth, the explosion process of energetic materials is extremely rapid, and traditional testing methods only achieve a time resolution of tens of microseconds, hindering more detailed studies of material properties. Higher time resolution can guide further improved synthesis of materials.

[0056] The core equipment in the existing image-based method is a high-speed schlieren imaging and spectroscopy system. This system includes a color high-speed camera, a light source, a light-collecting optical path, and a spectrometer. Its data is analyzed using machine learning. The operational procedure is as follows: First, sample preparation is performed. Ground sample powder is taken, tightly compacted, and evenly adhered to double-sided adhesive tape fixed to a glass slide. Excess powder is scraped off. The sample is detonated using a 10ns pulsed laser. The detonation pressure and velocity are determined by the refractive index changes in images acquired by the color high-speed camera during the explosion, and the detonation temperature is determined by the spectral information acquired by the spectrometer.

[0057] Image-based methods still lack temporal resolution. While high-speed color cameras typically operate at frame rates of hundreds of thousands of frames per second, their temporal resolution remains only tens of microseconds. Since an explosion is an extremely rapid process, further improvements in temporal resolution are needed. Although this method has significantly reduced the required sample quantity, it still requires a certain amount of time for synthesis to obtain a sufficient sample volume, preventing real-time synthesis-detection.

[0058] To address the problems of existing technologies, embodiments of the present invention provide an explosion detection system for single-crystal, single-particle energetic materials. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the explosion detection system for single-crystal, single-particle energetic materials in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the single-crystal single-particle energetic material explosion detection system in this embodiment of the invention may include: a microscopic imaging module, a spectral acquisition module, a light detection module, a force detection module, an energy supply module, and a data processing module;

[0059] The microscopic imaging module includes a light source, a microscope, and a camera; the light source provides light; the microscope magnifies the image of the entire explosion process of a single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample, acquires the photons generated during the explosion process, and sends the photons to the spectral acquisition module and the photodetector module; the camera acquires the magnified image from the microscope and sends the acquired image to the data processing module.

[0060] The energy supply module is used to supply energy to a single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample using a laser, current source and / or voltage source until the single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample explodes.

[0061] The spectral acquisition module includes a beam splitter, a first photomultiplier tube, and a first data acquisition unit. The beam splitter is used to separate photons into different wavelengths. The first photomultiplier tube is used to acquire the spectra of photons of different wavelengths, convert the spectra into a first electrical signal, and then transmit it to the first data acquisition unit. The first data acquisition unit is used to generate a spectral time curve based on the first electrical signal and send the spectral time curve to the data processing module.

[0062] The light detection module includes a second photomultiplier tube and a second data acquisition unit; the second photomultiplier tube is used to collect the light intensity signal of photons, convert the light intensity signal into a second electrical signal and transmit it to the second data acquisition unit; the second data acquisition unit is used to generate a light intensity-time curve based on the second electrical signal and send the light intensity-time curve to the data processing module; the second photomultiplier tube is a single-channel photomultiplier tube.

[0063] The force detection module includes a microcantilever beam with a needle tip, a vibration sensor, and a third data acquisition unit. The needle tip is positioned near the single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample. The vibration sensor is used to collect the vibration signal of the microcantilever beam with the needle tip during the entire explosion process of the single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample, convert the vibration signal into a third electrical signal, and then transmit it to the third data acquisition unit. The third data acquisition unit is used to generate a force-time curve based on the third electrical signal and send the force-time curve to the data processing module.

[0064] The data processing module is used to generate explosion parameters based on the images, spectral time curves, light intensity time curves, and force time curves sent by the camera; the explosion parameters include explosion temperature, explosion velocity, and explosion pressure.

[0065] This invention provides a high temporal resolution single-particle detection system for energetic materials. The system requires less than 100 ng of sample, has a temporal resolution of less than 10 ns, and a force resolution of less than 1 nN. This measurement system is suitable for the detection of any energetic material, eliminating the need to prepare a large number of samples for propellant measurement. The extremely small sample requirement greatly improves the safety of the energetic material testing process, enabling real-time synthesis and testing. It can simultaneously provide multiple important parameters of the energetic material during the reaction and explosion process.

[0066] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a specific example of the explosion detection system for single-crystal, single-particle energetic materials in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment, the force detection module includes a microcantilever beam 1 with a needle tip and a third data acquisition unit 2; the microscopic imaging module includes a substrate 3, a single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample 4, and an objective lens 5; the energy supply module includes an energy emitter 6; the spectral acquisition module includes a spectrometer 7, a first photomultiplier tube 8, and a first data acquisition unit 11; the light detection module includes a second photomultiplier tube 9, a transimpedance amplifier 10, and a second data acquisition unit 12. Other components are not shown.

[0067] In one embodiment, the microscope further includes a substrate; the single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample is a single crystal or single particle of an energetic material sample; the energetic material sample is loaded onto the substrate; the loading method includes drop coating, spin coating, sieve coating, or direct coating.

[0068] In this embodiment, when the energetic material sample is a suspension made from energetic material and solvent, the energetic material sample is drop-coated or spin-coated onto the substrate; when the energetic material is a solid energetic material with a size larger than a preset size, the energetic material sample is sieved and sprinkled onto the substrate; when the energetic material is a solid energetic material with a size smaller than a preset size, the energetic material sample is directly sprinkled onto the substrate. In the sample preparation stage, the energetic material to be tested is selected, and the energetic material is made into a low-concentration suspension with a suitable solvent. The suspension is loaded onto the substrate, and the loading method includes, but is not limited to, drop-coating and spin-coating. For large energetic materials that cannot be made into a suspension, loading should be done by sieving and sprinkling as much as possible. For small energetic materials that cannot be made into a suspension, they can be directly sprinkled onto the substrate.

[0069] In one embodiment, the light source is used to provide light before the reaction to aid in the search for individual particles.

[0070] In one embodiment, the microscope may be a commercial microscope used to locate corresponding single particles within the field of view and collect photons generated during the reaction process of energetic materials for use by subsequent spectral acquisition and photodetection modules.

[0071] In one embodiment, the camera is used to acquire images magnified by a microscope, specifically to capture images of single crystals or single particles of energetic material before and after detonation, in order to obtain morphological information.

[0072] In one embodiment, the energy supply module includes a laser heating detonation module, an electric heating detonation module, and / or a tip discharge detonation module; the laser heating detonation module includes a laser and a first lens group; the laser is used to emit laser light; the first lens group is used to change the laser beam path so that the laser light is emitted to the single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample, supplying energy to the single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample until the single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample explodes; the electric heating detonation module includes a current source; the current source is used to provide current to supply energy to the single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample until the single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample explodes; the tip discharge detonation module includes a voltage source and a discharge tip disposed above the single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample; the voltage source is used to perform high-voltage discharge on the single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample through the discharge tip until the single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample explodes.

[0073] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the laser heating detonation module in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 3 As shown, the laser heating and detonation module may include a controller 13, a laser 14, a first lens group 15, and a lower objective lens 16; the laser 14 may be a pulsed laser or a continuous laser; the laser heating and detonation module provides energy to a single crystal or single particle, triggering its self-sustaining reaction. The controller 13 controls the laser 14 to emit laser light; the first lens group 15 changes the laser beam path, causing the laser to be emitted through the lower objective lens 16 to the single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample, supplying energy to the single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample until the single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample explodes.

[0074] In one embodiment, the current source in the electric heating detonation module heats all individual particles on the substrate, enabling multiple reaction processes to be triggered simultaneously.

[0075] In one embodiment, the tip discharge detonation module includes a voltage source and a discharge tip. The discharge tip needs to be moved above the reaction particles, and the voltage source is activated to discharge. The high voltage discharge of the tip triggers plasma, and the plasma excites the subsequent self-sustaining reaction of the energetic material.

[0076] In one embodiment, the spectral acquisition module further includes a second lens group; the second lens group is used to change and widen the optical path of the photons acquired by the microscope, so that the photons are directly incident into the spectrometer.

[0077] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the spectral acquisition module in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 4As shown, the spectral acquisition module includes a beam splitter 17, a second lens group 18, a multi-anode photomultiplier tube 19, a first data acquisition unit 20, and an upper objective lens 21. The beam splitter 17 is used to divide the photons emitted through the upper objective lens 21 into different wavelength bands. The second lens group 18 is used to broaden the spectrum to cover most of the channels of the multi-anode photomultiplier tube 19. The intensity of the light signal is compared to obtain the burst temperature. The multi-anode photomultiplier tube 19 is used to collect the light intensity signal and collect the spectrum.

[0078] In one embodiment, the light detection module includes a third lens group; the third lens group is used to change and widen the optical path of the photons acquired by the microscope, so that the photons are directly incident into the second photomultiplier tube.

[0079] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the optical detection module in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 5 As shown, the optical detection module includes a single-channel photomultiplier tube 22, a third lens group 23, and a second data acquisition unit (not shown in the figure), wherein the second data acquisition unit is the same as the first data acquisition unit in the spectral acquisition module. Compared with the spectral acquisition module, the optical detection module eliminates the beam splitter, improves the utilization rate of photons, and can effectively further reduce the amount of sample required for testing; at the same time, the use of a single-channel photomultiplier tube can achieve higher time resolution, thereby obtaining the burst pressure.

[0080] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the force detection module in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 6 As shown, the force detection module includes a microcantilever beam 24 with a needle tip and a third data acquisition unit (not shown in the figure); the microcantilever beam with a needle tip can detect the shock wave in the reaction process of energetic materials and obtain the actual impact force, and then obtain the actual explosion pressure. The third data acquisition unit of the force detection module is the same as the first data acquisition unit in the spectral acquisition system and the second data acquisition unit in the optical detection system.

[0081] like Figure 6 As shown, the force detection module also includes a detection laser 25 and a four-quadrant detector 26. The detection laser 25 and the four-quadrant detector 26 are combined to detect the vibration behavior of the microcantilever beam.

[0082] In one embodiment, the first, second, and third data acquisition units are either oscilloscopes or data acquisition cards, respectively. Data acquisition cards can collect optical signals over a longer period, while oscilloscopes offer higher temporal resolution and are primarily used for acquiring the spectrum during the reaction process.

[0083] The testing process using a single-crystal, single-particle energetic material explosion detection system includes the following steps: sample preparation, test module selection, detonation test, and data processing.

[0084] The sample preparation process includes the following steps: selecting the energetic material to be tested, preparing the energetic material into a low-concentration suspension using a suitable solvent, and loading the suspension onto the substrate. Loading methods include, but are not limited to, drop coating and spin coating. For large energetic materials that cannot be prepared into a suspension, loading should be done by sieving as much as possible. For small energetic materials that cannot be prepared into a suspension, they can be directly sprinkled onto the substrate.

[0085] The test module selection process includes: selecting test modules according to the parameters to be tested; if multiple test results are required simultaneously, all test modules should be selected at once, and the energy supply module, light detection module, spectrum acquisition module, and force detection module should be synchronously triggered to ensure time alignment at the nanosecond scale and improve the stability of dynamic testing.

[0086] The detonation test process includes: first, the energy supply module needs to be activated to supply energy to the single particles or single crystals of the energetic material. When the energy supply is sufficient, the material will explode. At this time, the spectral acquisition module receives the light intensity change curves of several wavelengths over time, i.e., the spectral time curves. The light detection module collects the precise light intensity time curves, and the force detection module collects the precise force time curves.

[0087] The following describes the steps in the data processing stage, as well as the data processing logic of the data processing module.

[0088] In one embodiment, the data processing module is primarily used for programming and automating the processing of data.

[0089] In this embodiment, the data processing module is specifically used to: perform morphological analysis on the images sent by the camera to determine the size information of the single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample. The first step is to perform morphological analysis on the optical images captured by the camera to determine the size of the single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample.

[0090] In this embodiment, the data processing module is specifically used for: differentiating and fitting the light intensity-time curve to determine the Full Width at Half Maxima (FWHM) of the light intensity-time curve; determining the propagation time of the explosion inside the single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample based on the FWHM; and determining the detonation velocity based on the size information of the single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample and the propagation time. The second step involves analyzing the obtained light intensity-time curve, differentiating and fitting it to obtain the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the light intensity curve. The value of the full width at half maximum (FWHM) is the propagation time t of the explosion inside the material. Dividing the material size X by t yields the detonation velocity V.

[0091]

[0092] In this embodiment, the data processing module is specifically used for: acquiring the mass and spring constant of the micro-cantilever beam; determining the maximum displacement of the micro-cantilever beam based on the slope of the force-time curve; determining the maximum impact force on the micro-cantilever beam based on the full width at half maximum (FWHM), the maximum displacement, the mass, and the spring constant; and determining the burst pressure based on the maximum impact force. The third step involves analyzing the force-time curve, performing Gaussian fitting on the photomultiplier tube signal, and taking the full width at half maximum (FWHM), which represents the duration of the shock wave. The voltage obtained through the third data acquisition unit is converted into the actual displacement of the cantilever beam using the force spectrum slope, and the maximum displacement is taken. Combined with the mass M and spring constant k of the cantilever beam, the maximum impact force F on the cantilever beam is calculated using the following formula:

[0093]

[0094] Where, x max This represents the maximum displacement of the micro-cantilever beam.

[0095] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the calculation of the shock wave's effective area in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 7 As shown, after obtaining the impact force on the cantilever beam, the key to calculating the shock wave pressure lies in determining its effective area. According to the principles of fluid mechanics, when a shock wave propagates within a fluid medium (here, air), its pressure can be considered uniformly distributed across a cross-section perpendicular to the propagation direction. Therefore, the net force on the cantilever beam originates from the pressure difference formed by the shock wave front on its upper and lower surfaces during propagation. A schematic diagram of the calculation is shown below. Figure 7 As shown. Based on the aforementioned FWHM calculation, the shock wave thickness is 0.34 * FWHM (unit: μm). When we reduce the 3D image from directly above the cantilever beam to a 2D image, due to the cantilever beam's thickness of 2.75 μm, the area swept by the shock wave as it propagates along the lower part of the cantilever beam leads the area swept along the upper part of the cantilever beam in 2D space. Based on this, the difference in the vertical impact area generated by the shock wave front and tail as it travels along the cantilever beam can be calculated, yielding an average impact area S of 140 μm. 2 Using the formula P = F / S, the shock wave pressure on the cantilever beam was calculated to be 367.6 kPa. By measuring the attenuation curves of the shock wave pressure at different cantilever beam heights, the shock wave pressure at the explosion center was found to be 1.09 GPa.

[0096] In this embodiment, the data processing module is specifically used to: generate a wavelength-temperature relationship equation based on the blackbody radiation law and the equation relating spectral emissivity to wavelength; solve for the unknown parameters in the wavelength-temperature relationship equation using spectral time curves of different wavelengths; perform curve fitting on the wavelength-temperature relationship equation after solving for the unknown parameters to generate a fitting curve; and determine the burst temperature based on the fitting curve.

[0097] The fourth step is to analyze the spectral time curve. The analysis method is derived based on the blackbody radiation law:

[0098]

[0099] Where ε(λ,T) is the spectral emissivity; λ is the wavelength; T is the temperature; E(λ,T) is the radiation intensity; C1 is the first radiation constant; and C2 is the second radiation constant.

[0100] The spectral emissivity is related to wavelength as follows:

[0101] ε(λ,T)=a0+a1λ 1 +…+a m λ m ;

[0102] Where m is the order of the polynomial.

[0103] Therefore, we can obtain:

[0104]

[0105] A = lnE(λ,T) + 5lnλ - lnC1;

[0106] Among them, a0, a1...a m is a coefficient.

[0107] During measurement, the spectral intensity at n wavelengths is measured, which yields n equations. When n ≥ m + 2, the coefficients can be solved, and the curve can be fitted to obtain the temperature, thus obtaining the corresponding explosion temperature.

[0108] Compared with existing energetic material detection technologies, this invention utilizes a microscopic imaging module, a spectral acquisition module, a light detection module, a force detection module, an energy supply module, and a data processing module. The microscopic imaging module includes a light source, a microscope, and a camera. The light source provides light. The microscope magnifies the entire explosion process of a single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample, acquiring photons generated during the explosion and sending them to the spectral acquisition and light detection modules. The camera acquires the magnified images from the microscope and sends them to the data processing module. The energy supply module provides energy to the single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample using a laser, current source, and / or voltage source until the sample explodes. The spectral acquisition module includes a beam splitter, a first photomultiplier tube, and a first data acquisition unit. The beam splitter separates photons into different wavelengths. The first photomultiplier tube acquires the spectra of photons of different wavelengths, converts the spectra into a first electrical signal, and transmits it to the data acquisition unit. The data acquisition unit generates a spectral-time curve based on the first electrical signal and sends the spectral-time curve to the data processing module. The light detection module includes... A second photomultiplier tube and a second data acquisition unit; the second photomultiplier tube is used to collect the light intensity signal of photons, convert the light intensity signal into a second electrical signal, and then transmit it to the second data acquisition unit; the second data acquisition unit is used to generate a light intensity-time curve based on the second electrical signal, and send the light intensity-time curve to the data processing module; the second photomultiplier tube is a single-channel photomultiplier tube; the force detection module includes a microcantilever beam with a needle tip, a vibration sensor, and a third data acquisition unit; the needle tip is placed near the single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample; the vibration sensor is used to collect the light intensity signal of the microcantilever beam with the needle tip in the single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample. The vibration signals of the material sample throughout the explosion process are converted into a third electrical signal and transmitted to a third data acquisition unit. The third data acquisition unit generates a force-time curve based on the third electrical signal and sends the force-time curve to the data processing module. The data processing module generates explosion parameters based on the images, spectral time curves, light intensity time curves, and force-time curves sent by the camera. The explosion parameters include explosion temperature, explosion velocity, and explosion pressure, which can improve the accuracy, efficiency, and safety of energetic material explosion detection, reduce the requirements for the amount of energetic material sample in explosion testing, and achieve the effect of immediate synthesis and testing.

[0109] To improve the accuracy, efficiency, and safety of explosive detection of energetic materials, and to reduce the sample size requirements for explosive testing, achieving the effect of simultaneous synthesis and testing, this invention also provides an explosive detection method for single-crystal, single-particle energetic materials, applied to the aforementioned single-crystal, single-particle energetic material explosive detection system. Figure 8 This is a flowchart of the explosion detection method for single-crystal, single-particle energetic materials in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 8 As shown, the explosion detection method for single-crystal, single-particle energetic materials may include:

[0110] Step 801: Obtain images of the entire explosion process of the single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample and the photons generated; the explosion occurs after energy is supplied to the single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample using a laser, current source and / or voltage source.

[0111] Step 802: The photons are divided into different wavelengths, and a spectral time curve is generated based on the spectrum of the photons at different wavelengths;

[0112] Step 803: Collect the light intensity signal of the photon and generate a light intensity-time curve based on the light intensity signal;

[0113] Step 804: Collect vibration signals of the microcantilever beam with a needle tip during the entire explosion process of the single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample, and generate a force-time curve based on the vibration signals; the needle tip is placed near the single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample.

[0114] Step 805: Generate explosion parameters based on the image, spectral time curve, light intensity time curve, and force time curve; the explosion parameters include explosion temperature, explosion velocity, and explosion pressure.

[0115] In one embodiment, in step 805, generating explosion parameters based on the image, spectral time curve, light intensity time curve, and force time curve may include: performing morphological analysis on the image to determine the size information of the single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample.

[0116] This method is applicable to all energetic materials; the example uses lead azide for testing. Lead azide is prepared as a suspension and loaded onto a substrate using a drop-casting method. A continuous-wave laser paired with an acousto-optic modulator is selected as the energy supply module to improve detonation efficiency. During the test, a spectral acquisition module, a light detection module, and a force detection module are simultaneously used for measurement.

[0117] Figure 9 These are images of a single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample before and after an explosion, as shown in this embodiment of the invention. Figure 9 Image (a) is an image of a single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample before explosion in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9 Image (b) is an image of a single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample after an explosion in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9 As shown, the position of the single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample is first determined, the energetic material single particle to be measured is selected, and its morphological images before and after the explosion are recorded. The equivalent diameter of the particle is 27.8 μm.

[0118] In one embodiment, the explosion is achieved by emitting a laser to a single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample, supplying energy to the single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample until the single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample explodes; providing an electric current to supply energy to the single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample until the single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample explodes; and / or by subjecting the single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample to a high-voltage discharge until the single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample explodes.

[0119] Taking laser power supply as an example, when the laser is turned on and power is supplied, the sample reacts. The laser simultaneously triggers the spectral acquisition module, the light detection module, and the force detection module to record and analyze the acquired data.

[0120] In one embodiment, in step 805, generating explosion parameters based on the image, spectral time curve, light intensity time curve, and force time curve may include:

[0121] After differentiating and fitting the light intensity time curve, the FWHM of the light intensity time curve is determined.

[0122] The propagation time of the explosion inside the single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample was determined based on FWHM.

[0123] The detonation velocity was determined based on the size information and propagation time of the single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample.

[0124] In one embodiment, in step 805, generating explosion parameters based on the image, spectral time curve, light intensity time curve, and force time curve includes:

[0125] Obtain the mass and spring constant of the microcantilever beam;

[0126] The maximum displacement of the micro cantilever beam is determined based on the slope of the force-time curve.

[0127] The maximum impact force on the micro cantilever beam is determined based on FWHM, maximum displacement, mass, and spring constant.

[0128] Determine the burst pressure based on the maximum impact force.

[0129] In one embodiment, determining the maximum impact force on the microcantilever beam based on FWHM, maximum displacement, mass, and spring constant may include:

[0130] The maximum impact force on the micro-cantilever beam is determined using the following formula:

[0131]

[0132] Where F is the maximum impact force; x max denoted as , where is the maximum displacement of the microcantilever beam; M is the mass of the microcantilever beam; and k is the spring constant of the microcantilever beam.

[0133] In one embodiment, in step 805, generating explosion parameters based on the image, spectral time curve, light intensity time curve, and force time curve includes:

[0134] Based on the blackbody radiation law and the equation relating spectral emissivity to wavelength, an equation relating wavelength to temperature is generated.

[0135] By using spectral time curves of different wavelengths, the unknown parameters in the equation relating wavelength and temperature are solved.

[0136] Curve fitting is performed on the equation relating wavelength and temperature after solving for the unknown parameters to generate a fitted curve;

[0137] Determine the explosion temperature based on the fitted curve.

[0138] In one embodiment, based on the blackbody radiation law and the equation relating spectral emissivity to wavelength, an equation relating wavelength to temperature is generated, including:

[0139] The equation relating wavelength and temperature can be generated using the following formula:

[0140]

[0141] lnε(λ,T)=a0+a1λ 1 +…+a m λ m ;

[0142]

[0143] A = lnE(λ,T) + 5lnλ - lnC1;

[0144] Where ε(λ, T) is the spectral emissivity; λ is the wavelength; T is the temperature; a0, a1, ..., a m λ is the coefficient; E(λ, T) is the radiation intensity; m is the order of the polynomial; C1 is the first radiation constant; C2 is the second radiation constant.

[0145] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the spectral-time curve and temperature change curve of the entire explosion process of a single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample in an embodiment of the present invention. The spectral-time curve of the entire explosion process of the single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample is shown below. Figure 10 As shown in (a), the fitted curve obtained by combining the spectral time curve with the formula mentioned above, i.e., the temperature change curve, is as follows: Figure 10 As shown in (b), the highest temperature of the reaction is 3727℃, which is also the explosion temperature.

[0146] Figure 11This is a schematic diagram of the light intensity-time curve and the differentiated light intensity-time curve in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 11 (a) is a schematic diagram of the light intensity-time curve in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 11 Image (b) is a schematic diagram of the light intensity-time curve after differentiation in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 11 As shown, the particle explosion time obtained from the light intensity-time curve is 10 ns. Combined with the particle diameter, the explosion velocity of the sample is 2780 m / s.

[0147] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the force-time curve in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 12 The force-time curve shown, combined with the time curve obtained by the photomultiplier tube, shows that the signal is converted into the actual displacement of the cantilever beam through a force spectrum slope of 16.23 V / μm, and the maximum displacement (x) is taken. max 0.281μm, combined with the cantilever beam mass M and the spring constant k, through the formula The maximum impact force F on the cantilever beam is calculated to be 51.47 μN.

[0148] Based on the aforementioned FWHM calculation, the shock wave thickness is 0.34 * FWHM (unit: μm). Furthermore, calculating the difference in the effective area generated by the shock wave front and tail as it travels along the cantilever beam, the average effective area S of the shock wave is found to be 140 μm. 2 Using the formula P = F / S, the shock wave pressure on the cantilever beam was calculated to be 367.6 kPa. By measuring the attenuation curves of the shock wave pressure at different cantilever beam heights, the shock wave pressure at the explosion center was found to be 1.09 GPa.

[0149] This invention also provides an explosion detection device for single-crystal, single-particle energetic materials, as described in the following embodiments. Since the principle by which this device solves the problem is similar to the explosion detection method for single-crystal, single-particle energetic materials, the implementation of this device can refer to the implementation of the explosion detection method for single-crystal, single-particle energetic materials; repeated details will not be elaborated further.

[0150] Figure 13 This is a structural block diagram of the single-crystal, single-particle energetic material explosion detection device in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 13 As shown, the single-crystal single-particle energetic material explosion detection device, including the above-mentioned single-crystal single-particle energetic material explosion detection system, may further include:

[0151] The acquisition module 1301 is used to acquire images of the entire explosion process of a single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample and the photons generated; the explosion occurs after energy is supplied to the single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample using a laser, current source and / or voltage source;

[0152] The spectral time curve generation module 1302 is used to divide photons into different wavelengths and generate spectral time curves based on the spectra of photons of different wavelengths.

[0153] The light intensity time curve generation module 1303 is used to collect the light intensity signal of photons and generate a light intensity time curve based on the light intensity signal.

[0154] The force-time curve generation module 1304 is used to collect the vibration signal of the micro cantilever beam with a needle tip during the entire explosion process of the single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample, and generate a force-time curve based on the vibration signal; the needle tip is set near the single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample.

[0155] The explosion parameter generation module 1305 is used to generate explosion parameters based on images, spectral time curves, light intensity time curves, and force time curves; the explosion parameters include explosion temperature, explosion velocity, and explosion pressure.

[0156] In one embodiment, the explosion is achieved by emitting a laser to a single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample, supplying energy to the single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample until the single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample explodes; providing an electric current to supply energy to the single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample until the single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample explodes; and / or by subjecting the single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample to a high-voltage discharge until the single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample explodes.

[0157] In one embodiment, the explosion parameter generation module 1305 is specifically used for:

[0158] Morphological analysis of the images was performed to determine the size information of the single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample.

[0159] In one embodiment, the explosion parameter generation module 1305 is specifically used for:

[0160] After differentiating and fitting the light intensity time curve, the FWHM of the light intensity time curve is determined.

[0161] The propagation time of the explosion inside the single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample was determined based on FWHM.

[0162] The detonation velocity was determined based on the size information and propagation time of the single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample.

[0163] In one embodiment, the explosion parameter generation module 1305 is specifically used for:

[0164] Obtain the mass and spring constant of the microcantilever beam;

[0165] The maximum displacement of the micro cantilever beam is determined based on the slope of the force-time curve.

[0166] The maximum impact force on the micro cantilever beam is determined based on FWHM, maximum displacement, mass, and spring constant.

[0167] Determine the burst pressure based on the maximum impact force.

[0168] In one embodiment, the explosion parameter generation module 1305 is specifically used for:

[0169] The maximum impact force on the micro-cantilever beam is determined using the following formula:

[0170]

[0171] Where F is the maximum impact force; x max denoted as , where is the maximum displacement of the microcantilever beam; M is the mass of the microcantilever beam; and k is the spring constant of the microcantilever beam.

[0172] In one embodiment, the explosion parameter generation module 1305 is specifically used for:

[0173] Based on the blackbody radiation law and the equation relating spectral emissivity to wavelength, an equation relating wavelength to temperature is generated.

[0174] By using spectral time curves of different wavelengths, the unknown parameters in the equation relating wavelength and temperature are solved.

[0175] Curve fitting is performed on the equation relating wavelength and temperature after solving for the unknown parameters to generate a fitted curve;

[0176] Determine the explosion temperature based on the fitted curve.

[0177] In one embodiment, the explosion parameter generation module 1305 is specifically used for:

[0178] The equation relating wavelength and temperature can be generated using the following formula:

[0179]

[0180] lnε(λ,T)=a0+a1λ 1 +…+a m λ m ;

[0181]

[0182] A = lnE(λ,T) + 5lnλ - lnC1;

[0183] Where ε(λ, T) is the spectral emissivity; λ is the wavelength; T is the temperature; a0, a1, ..., a m λ is the coefficient; E(λ, T) is the radiation intensity; m is the order of the polynomial; C1 is the first radiation constant; C2 is the second radiation constant.

[0184] This invention proposes a novel approach to single-crystal, single-particle explosion, extending the concept of the explosion limit of energetic materials. The total amount of explosive required for the explosion is extremely small, reaching the 100 ng level, far below the traditionally understood mg level. Therefore, this invention completely eliminates the sample quantity requirements of traditional explosion testing, achieving immediate synthesis and testing, effectively reducing the time required for energetic material testing and improving the safety of energetic material testing. All systems and devices in this invention are built based on this approach.

[0185] The embodiments of the present invention do not require the preparation of drug columns, which reduces the difficulty of sample preparation for testing.

[0186] The embodiments of the present invention have extremely high temporal resolution, which can more accurately determine the properties of energetic materials and better guide the research and synthesis of energetic materials.

[0187] The embodiments of the present invention can provide multiple important parameters of energetic materials in the reaction process of explosion through a single system.

[0188] The embodiments of this invention are applicable to the testing of any kind of energetic materials.

[0189] Based on the aforementioned inventive concept, such as Figure 14 As shown, the present invention also proposes a computer device 1400, including a memory 1410, a processor 1420, and a computer program 1430 stored in the memory 1410 and executable on the processor 1420. When the processor 1420 executes the computer program 1430, it implements the aforementioned method for detecting explosions of single-crystal single-particle energetic materials.

[0190] Based on the aforementioned inventive concept, the present invention proposes a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the aforementioned method for detecting explosions of single-crystal, single-particle energetic materials.

[0191] Based on the aforementioned inventive concept, this invention proposes a computer program product, which includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements a method for detecting the explosion of single-crystal, single-particle energetic materials.

[0192] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0193] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0194] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0195] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0196] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A single-crystal, single-particle explosive detection system for energetic materials, characterized in that, include: The system includes a microscopic imaging module, a spectral acquisition module, a light detection module, a force detection module, an energy supply module, and a data processing module. The microscopic imaging module includes a light source, a microscope, and a camera; the light source is used to provide light; the microscope is used to magnify the image of the entire explosion process of the single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample, acquire the photons generated during the explosion process, and send the photons to the spectral acquisition module and the photodetector module; the camera is used to acquire the magnified image from the microscope and send the acquired image to the data processing module. The energy supply module is used to supply energy to the single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample using laser, current source and / or voltage source until the single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample explodes. The spectral acquisition module includes a beam splitter, a first photomultiplier tube, and a first data acquisition unit. The beam splitter is used to split the photons into different wavelengths. The first photomultiplier tube is used to acquire the spectra of photons of different wavelengths, convert the spectra into a first electrical signal, and transmit it to the first data acquisition unit. The first data acquisition unit is used to generate a spectral time curve based on the first electrical signal and send the spectral time curve to the data processing module. The light detection module includes a second photomultiplier tube and a second data acquisition unit; the second photomultiplier tube is used to collect the light intensity signal of the photon, convert the light intensity signal into a second electrical signal and transmit it to the second data acquisition unit; the second data acquisition unit is used to generate a light intensity-time curve based on the second electrical signal and send the light intensity-time curve to the data processing module; the second photomultiplier tube is a single-channel photomultiplier tube. The force detection module includes a microcantilever beam with a needle tip, a vibration sensor, and a third data acquisition unit. The needle tip is positioned near the single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample. The vibration sensor collects the vibration signal of the microcantilever beam with the needle tip during the entire explosion process of the single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample, converts the vibration signal into a third electrical signal, and transmits it to the third data acquisition unit. The third data acquisition unit generates a force-time curve based on the third electrical signal and sends the force-time curve to the data processing module. The data processing module is used to generate explosion parameters based on the images, spectral time curves, light intensity time curves, and force time curves sent by the camera; the explosion parameters include explosion temperature, explosion velocity, and explosion pressure. The power supply module is synchronously triggered with the light detection module, the spectrum acquisition module, and the force detection module to ensure time alignment on the nanosecond scale.

2. The explosion detection system for single-crystal, single-particle energetic materials as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The energy supply module includes a laser heating detonation module, an electric heating detonation module, and / or a needle tip discharge detonation module. The laser heating and detonation module includes a laser and a first lens group; the laser is used to emit laser light; the first lens group is used to change the laser light path so that the laser light is emitted to the single crystal single particle energetic material sample, supplying energy to the single crystal single particle energetic material sample until the single crystal single particle energetic material sample explodes. The electric heating detonation module includes a current source; the current source is used to provide current to supply energy to the single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample until the single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample explodes. The tip discharge detonation module includes a voltage source and a discharge tip disposed above the single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample; the voltage source is used to discharge high voltage onto the single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample through the discharge tip until the single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample explodes.

3. The explosion detection system for single-crystal, single-particle energetic materials as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The data processing module is specifically used for: Morphological analysis was performed on the images sent by the camera to determine the size information of the single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample.

4. The explosion detection system for single-crystal, single-particle energetic materials as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The data processing module is specifically used for: After differentiating the light intensity time curve, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the light intensity time curve is determined by fitting the curve. The propagation time of the explosion inside the single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample was determined based on the FWHM. The detonation velocity is determined based on the size information of the single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample and the propagation time.

5. The explosion detection system for single-crystal, single-particle energetic materials as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The data processing module is specifically used for: Obtain the mass and spring constant of the microcantilever beam; The maximum displacement of the micro cantilever beam is determined based on the slope of the force-time curve. The maximum impact force on the microcantilever beam is determined based on the FWHM, the maximum displacement, the mass, and the spring constant. The burst pressure is determined based on the maximum impact force.

6. The single-crystal, single-particle energetic material explosion detection system as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The data processing module is specifically used for: The maximum impact force on the micro-cantilever beam is determined using the following formula: ； Where F is the maximum impact force; x max This represents the maximum displacement of the micro-cantilever beam; M The mass of the micro cantilever beam; k Let be the spring constant of the microcantilever beam.

7. The explosion detection system for single-crystal, single-particle energetic materials as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The data processing module is specifically used for: Based on the blackbody radiation law and the equation relating spectral emissivity to wavelength, an equation relating wavelength to temperature is generated. By using spectral time curves of different wavelengths, the unknown parameters in the equation relating wavelength and temperature are solved. Curve fitting is performed on the equation relating wavelength and temperature after solving for the unknown parameters to generate a fitted curve; Determine the explosion temperature based on the fitted curve.

8. The single-crystal, single-particle energetic material explosion detection system as described in claim 7, characterized in that, Based on the blackbody radiation law and the equation relating spectral emissivity to wavelength, the equation relating wavelength to temperature is generated as follows: The equation relating wavelength and temperature can be generated using the following formula: ； ； ； ； Where ε(λ, T) is the spectral emissivity; λ is the wavelength; and T is the temperature. a 0 , a 1 ... a m The coefficient is E(λ, T); E(λ, T) is the radiation intensity. m C1 is the order of the polynomial; C2 is the first radiation constant; C3 is the second radiation constant.

9. The explosion detection system for single-crystal, single-particle energetic materials as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The spectral acquisition module also includes a second lens group; the second lens group is used to change and widen the optical path of the photons acquired by the microscope, so that the photons are directly incident into the beam splitter.

10. The explosion detection system for single-crystal, single-particle energetic materials as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The light detection module includes a third lens group; the third lens group is used to change and widen the optical path of the photons acquired by the microscope, so that the photons are directly incident into the second photomultiplier tube.

11. The explosion detection system for single-crystal, single-particle energetic materials as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first data acquisition device, the second data acquisition device, and the third data acquisition device are oscilloscopes or data acquisition cards, respectively.

12. The explosion detection system for single-crystal, single-particle energetic materials as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The microscope also includes a substrate; the single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample is a single crystal or single particle of an energetic material sample; the energetic material sample is loaded on the substrate; the loading method includes drop coating, spin coating, sieve coating or direct coating.

13. The explosion detection system for single-crystal, single-particle energetic materials as described in claim 12, characterized in that, When the energetic material sample is a suspension made using energetic materials and solvents, the energetic material sample is drop-coated or spin-coated onto the substrate; When the energetic material is a solid energetic material with a size larger than a preset size, the energetic material sample is sieved and sprinkled onto the substrate; When the energetic material is a solid energetic material with a size smaller than a preset size, the energetic material sample is directly sprinkled onto the substrate.

14. A method for detecting the explosion of a single-crystal, single-particle energetic material, characterized in that, The single-crystal, single-particle energetic material explosion detection system according to any one of claims 1-13 includes: Images and photons generated during the entire explosion process of a single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample are obtained; the explosion occurs after energy is supplied to the single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample using a laser, current source, and / or voltage source. The photons are divided into different wavelengths, and a spectral-time curve is generated based on the spectra of photons of different wavelengths; Collect the light intensity signal of the photon, and generate a light intensity-time curve based on the light intensity signal; Vibration signals of a microcantilever beam with a needle tip are collected during the entire explosion process of a single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample, and a force-time curve is generated based on the vibration signals; the needle tip is positioned near the single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample. Explosion parameters are generated based on the image, spectral time curve, light intensity time curve, and force time curve; the explosion parameters include explosion temperature, explosion velocity, and explosion pressure.

15. The method for detecting explosions of single-crystal, single-particle energetic materials as described in claim 14, characterized in that, The explosion is achieved by emitting a laser beam onto a single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample to supply energy to the sample until it explodes; by providing an electric current to supply energy to the sample until it explodes; and / or by subjecting the sample to a high-voltage discharge until it explodes.

16. The method for detecting explosions of single-crystal, single-particle energetic materials as described in claim 14, characterized in that, Based on the image, spectral time curve, light intensity time curve, and force time curve, explosion parameters are generated, including: Morphological analysis was performed on the images to determine the size information of the single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample.

17. The method for detecting explosions of single-crystal, single-particle energetic materials as described in claim 16, characterized in that, Based on the image, spectral time curve, light intensity time curve, and force time curve, explosion parameters are generated, including: After differentiating and fitting the light intensity time curve, the FWHM of the light intensity time curve is determined. The propagation time of the explosion inside the single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample was determined based on the FWHM. The detonation velocity is determined based on the size information of the single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample and the propagation time.

18. The method for detecting explosions of single-crystal, single-particle energetic materials as described in claim 17, characterized in that, Based on the image, spectral time curve, light intensity time curve, and force time curve, explosion parameters are generated, including: Obtain the mass and spring constant of the microcantilever beam; The maximum displacement of the micro cantilever beam is determined based on the slope of the force-time curve. The maximum impact force on the microcantilever beam is determined based on the FWHM, the maximum displacement, the mass, and the spring constant. The burst pressure is determined based on the maximum impact force.

19. The method for detecting explosions of single-crystal, single-particle energetic materials as described in claim 18, characterized in that, Based on the FWHM, the maximum displacement, the mass, and the spring constant, the maximum impact force on the microcantilever beam is determined, including: The maximum impact force on the micro-cantilever beam is determined using the following formula: ； Where F is the maximum impact force; x max This represents the maximum displacement of the micro-cantilever beam; M The mass of the micro cantilever beam; k Let be the spring constant of the microcantilever beam.

20. The method for detecting explosions of single-crystal, single-particle energetic materials as described in claim 14, characterized in that, Based on the image, spectral time curve, light intensity time curve, and force time curve, explosion parameters are generated, including: Based on the blackbody radiation law and the equation relating spectral emissivity to wavelength, an equation relating wavelength to temperature is generated. By using spectral time curves of different wavelengths, the unknown parameters in the equation relating wavelength and temperature are solved. Curve fitting is performed on the equation relating wavelength and temperature after solving for the unknown parameters to generate a fitted curve; Determine the explosion temperature based on the fitted curve.

21. The method for detecting explosions of single-crystal, single-particle energetic materials as described in claim 20, characterized in that, Based on the blackbody radiation law and the equation relating spectral emissivity to wavelength, the equation relating wavelength to temperature is generated, including: The equation relating wavelength and temperature can be generated using the following formula: ； ； ； ； Where ε(λ, T) is the spectral emissivity; λ is the wavelength; and T is the temperature. a 0 , a 1 ... a m The coefficient is E(λ, T); E(λ, T) is the radiation intensity. m C1 is the order of the polynomial; C2 is the first radiation constant; C3 is the second radiation constant.

22. A device for detecting the explosion of a single-crystal, single-particle energetic material, characterized in that, The data processing module of the single-crystal single-particle energetic material explosion detection system according to any one of claims 1-13, the device comprising: The acquisition module is used to acquire images of the entire explosion process of a single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample and the photons generated; the explosion occurs after energy is supplied to the single-crystal, single-particle energetic material sample using a laser, a current source, and / or a voltage source; The spectral time curve generation module is used to divide the photons into different wavelengths and generate spectral time curves based on the spectra of photons of different wavelengths. The light intensity time curve generation module is used to collect the light intensity signal of the photon and generate a light intensity time curve based on the light intensity signal. The force-time curve generation module is used to collect the vibration signal of the micro cantilever beam with a needle tip during the entire explosion process of the single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample, and generate a force-time curve based on the vibration signal; the needle tip is set near the single-crystal single-particle energetic material sample. The explosion parameter generation module is used to generate explosion parameters based on the image, spectral time curve, light intensity time curve, and force time curve; the explosion parameters include explosion temperature, explosion velocity, and explosion pressure.

23. A computer device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the method according to any one of claims 14 to 21.

24. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method of any one of claims 14 to 21.

25. A computer program product, characterized in that, The computer program product includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method of any one of claims 14 to 21.

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