Cooling and / or lubricating composition for at least one element of a mobile or fixed system

Abstract

The present invention relates to a lubricating and / or cooling composition comprising one or more diesters of chemical formula 1 [chemical formula 1] wherein R represents a linear or branched divalent alkylene or alkenylene group comprising from 2 to 8 carbon atoms; r1 and R2 each independently represent a monovalent hydrocarbon group optionally comprising one or more heteroatoms, it is understood that at least one of R1 and R2 comprises at least one ether functional group, the diester of chemical formula 1 has a kinematic viscosity at 100 DEG C of 1 mm / s to 6 mm / s. The invention also relates to the use of this composition for cooling and / or lubricating at least one element of a mobile or stationary system.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to a composition for cooling and / or lubricating at least one element of a mobile system or a stationary system. The present invention particularly relates to a composition for cooling and / or lubricating heavy vehicles or light vehicles, public works machines, stationary systems such as energy storage systems, charging stations, chargers, data centers, 5G antennas, photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, turbines, switchgear, inverters and medical devices. The aim is to propose a cooling and / or lubricating composition that is compatible with its implementation at the level of the transmission system in thermal engines and / or the reducer in electric motors. PRIOR ART

[0002] Improvement of lubricant performances is a constant concern. In particular, in order to meet increasing environmental demands, manufacturers of mobile systems or stationary systems are all seeking to improve the performances of lubricant compositions. This problem concerns both mobile system manufacturers (such as vehicle manufacturers, in particular new generation vehicle manufacturers, including electric vehicles) and stationary system manufacturers (such as energy storage systems, charging stations, chargers, data centers, 5G antennas, photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, turbines, switchgear, inverters and medical devices).

[0003] A battery is an electricity generator that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. Chemical energy comprises electrochemically active compounds deposited on at least one surface of electrodes arranged in an electrochemical generator. Electrical energy is generated by electrochemical reactions during the discharge of the electrochemical cells.

[0004] A battery comprises a plurality of electrochemical cells. Lithium-ion type electrochemical batteries are based on the principle of reversible insertion of lithium into an electrochemically active host structure.

[0005] In the field of electrochemical cells, such as lithium-ion cells, it is necessary to manage the temperature of the cells in order to control the temperature of the cells within a suitable range.

[0006] In the automotive field, with the change in international standards for reducing CO2 emissions, and in order to reduce energy consumption, car manufacturers are being prompted to propose alternatives to internal combustion engines.

[0007] One solution identified by vehicle manufacturers is to replace internal combustion engines with electric motors. Thus, research into reducing CO2 emissions has prompted several car manufacturers to develop electric vehicles.

[0008] For the purposes of the present invention, by "electric vehicle" we mean a vehicle comprising an electric motor as the only means of propulsion, while a hybrid vehicle means a vehicle comprising an internal combustion engine and an electric motor as combined means of propulsion.

[0009] For the purposes of the present invention, by "propulsion system" we mean the system comprising the mechanical components necessary for the propulsion of an electric vehicle. The propulsion system therefore more particularly comprises an electric motor (rotor-stator assembly comprising power electronics (dedicated to speed regulation)), a transmission (also called a reducer, and an electric motor reducer when the reducer is connected to the electric motor) and a battery. The battery is generally composed of a set of accumulators called cells.

[0010] Generally, it is necessary to implement a composition in a mobile system or a stationary system to meet the lubrication and / or cooling constraints of the different elements of these systems.

[0011] In particular, in the field of electric vehicles, the electric propulsion system generates heat during operation by the electric motor, the power electronics and the battery. The heat generated is greater than the heat that is usually dissipated into the environment, and it is therefore necessary to ensure the cooling of the electric motor, the power electronics and the battery. Generally, the several heat-generating components of the propulsion system and / or the components of said system that are sensitive to heat are cooled to avoid reaching dangerous temperatures, in particular the power electronics and the battery.

[0012] Conventionally, it is known to cool electric motors with air or water, optionally combined with glycol. However, with the appearance of electric motors that are smaller and more powerful, these cooling methods have not been sufficient. In addition, the heat that can be generated by the battery, in particular during fast charging, cannot be extracted by using the methods conventionally used.

[0013] Therefore, alternative methods for cooling and lubricating the propulsion system, in particular the battery, have recently been proposed.

[0014] In this respect, lubricating compositions have been proposed to ensure the dual function of lubrication and cooling. The lubricating compositions generally consist of one or more base oils, to which several additives are generally added to enhance the lubricating properties of the base oil, such as friction-modifying additives.

[0015] For example, the document WO 2018 / 078290 proposes a composition for cooling and / or lubricating the propulsion system of an electric vehicle, comprising at least one polyalkylene glycol obtained by polymerization or copolymerization of an alkylene oxide comprising from 2 to 8 carbon atoms.

[0016] The purpose of the present invention is precisely to propose a new composition suitable for cooling and / or lubricating at least one element of a propulsion system of a mobile system or a stationary system, of an electric vehicle or of a hybrid vehicle, in particular to reduce the fuel consumption of a vehicle equipped with a transmission assembly. SUMMARY

[0017] The present invention therefore relates to a lubricating and / or cooling composition comprising one or more diesters of formula 1,

[0018] [Chemical Formula 1]

[0019] ,

[0020] in

[0021] R represents a straight-chain or branched divalent alkylene or alkenylene group containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms;

[0022] R 1 and R 2 Each independently represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group that optionally contains one or more heteroatoms; R should be understood as... 1 and R 2 At least one of them contains at least one ether functional group.

[0023] The diester of chemical formula 1 has a kinematic viscosity of 1 mm² / s to 6 mm² / s at 100°C.

[0024] According to one implementation, R 1 and R 2 It has one or more of the following characteristics:

[0025] - R 1 and / or R 2 It contains 1 to 6 ether functional groups, preferably 1 to 4 ether functional groups, and even more preferably 1 to 3 ether functional groups;

[0026] - R 1 and / or R 2 It contains 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 16 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 8 to 10 carbon atoms;

[0027] - R 1 and / or R 2 Selected from formula-(CHR) 3 CH2O) n R 4 The group, wherein R 3 Represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, preferably a hydrogen atom; R 4 The alkyl group has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and is preferably selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl; and n is an integer from 1 to 4, preferably 1 to 3;

[0028] - R 1 and / or R 2 Selected from CH3(CH2)3O(CH2)2-, CH3(CH2)3(OCH2CH2)2-, CH3(OCH2CH2)3- and CH3(CH2)3(OCH2CH2)3-.

[0029] According to one embodiment, group R is selected from group (CH2). x - where x is 2 to 8, or even more preferably, x is 4 to 7.

[0030] According to one embodiment, at least one diester of chemical formula 1 is formed from the following two:

[0031] - Two identical or different alcohols R 1 -OH and R 2 -OH, at least one of the alcohols contains at least one ether functional group, and

[0032] - Dicarboxylic acids R[C(O)OH]2 containing straight or branched alkylene or alkenylene chains with 4 to 8 carbon atoms.

[0033] According to one embodiment, the diester is selected from:

[0034] - Diesters formed from monoethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers, diethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers, or triethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers and succinic acid.

[0035] - Diesters formed from monoethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers, diethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers, or triethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers and adipic acid.

[0036] - Diesters formed from monoethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers, diethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers, or triethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers and glutaric acid.

[0037] - Diesters formed from monoethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers, diethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers, or triethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers and pimelic acid.

[0038] - Diesters formed from monoethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers, diethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers, or triethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers and octanoic acid.

[0039] - Diesters formed from monoethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers, diethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers, or triethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers and azelaic acid.

[0040] - Diesters formed from monoethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers, diethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers, or triethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers and sebacic acid.

[0041] The alkyl group preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

[0042] According to one embodiment, the diester of Formula 1 is formed from at least one alcohol selected from monoethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and triethylene glycol monobutyl ether.

[0043] According to one embodiment, the composition comprises at least 5% by weight, preferably at least 10% by weight, and preferably from 10% to 100% by weight of the diester relative to the total weight of the composition.

[0044] According to one embodiment, in addition to the diester, the composition of the present invention further comprises at least one additive selected from antioxidants, pour point depressants, defoamers, preservatives, anti-wear and / or extreme pressure additives, friction modifiers, detergents, dispersants, viscosity index improvers, thickeners, copper passivators, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the at least one additive is selected from viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, anti-wear additives, antioxidants, and mixtures thereof.

[0045] According to one embodiment, the composition comprises, relative to the total weight of the composition:

[0046] - 5% to 90% by weight, preferably 10% to 70% by weight, preferably 10% to 50% by weight of the diester of Formula 1,

[0047] - One or more base oils different from the diester and / or one or more additives different from the diester and different from the base oil.

[0048] The base oil preferably comprises 10% to 95% by weight, more preferably 30% to 90% by weight, and even more preferably 50% to 90% by weight.

[0049] The additive is preferably up to 20% by weight, more preferably 0.05% to 15% by weight, more preferably 0.1% to 10% by weight, even more preferably 0.5% to 7% by weight, or even 1% to 5% by weight.

[0050] The applicant unexpectedly discovered that when the diester of the present invention is formed from a dicarboxylic acid selected from succinic acid, adipic acid, glutaric acid, pimelic acid, octanoic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid and mixtures thereof with monoethylene glycol monoalkyl ether, diethylene glycol monoalkyl ether or triethylene glycol monoalkyl ether, especially when it is formed from the diester of said chemical formula 1 with at least one alcohol selected from monoethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether and triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, the composition containing the diester exhibits very good thermal properties and very good lubricating properties (in terms of friction and traction) compared with the diesters of the prior art.

[0051] The applicant also discovered that the diester of the present invention allows for a pour point below -20°C (or even below -30°C) and a pour point of at least 150 mW at 30°C. -1 .K -1 (or even at least 155 mW.m) -1 .K-1 It has high thermal conductivity and improved lubrication performance (lower coefficient of friction and traction).

[0052] The present invention also relates to the use of the compositions of the present invention for cooling and / or lubricating at least one element of a moving or stationary system.

[0053] According to one embodiment, the composition of the present invention is a lubricating and / or cooling composition comprising one or more diesters of Formula 1.

[0054] [Chemical Formula 1]

[0055] ,

[0056] in

[0057] R represents a straight-chain or branched divalent alkylene or alkenylene group containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms;

[0058] R 1 and R 2 Each independently represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group that optionally contains one or more heteroatoms; R should be understood as... 1 and R 2 At least one of them contains at least one ether functional group.

[0059] The diester of chemical formula 1 has a kinematic viscosity of 1 mm² / s to 6 mm² / s at 100°C.

[0060] The diester of Formula 1 is formed from at least one alcohol selected from monoethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and triethylene glycol monobutyl ether.

[0061] According to one embodiment, the present invention relates to the use of a composition for lubricating and / or cooling a transmission in a heat engine and / or a speed reducer in an electric motor in a moving system, said lubricating and / or cooling composition comprising one or more diesters of formula 1.

[0062] [Chemical Formula 1]

[0063] ,

[0064] in

[0065] R represents a straight-chain or branched divalent alkylene or alkenylene group containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms;

[0066] R 1 and R 2 Each independently represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group that optionally contains one or more heteroatoms; R should be understood as... 1 and R 2 At least one of them contains at least one ether functional group.

[0067] The diester of chemical formula 1 has a kinematic viscosity of 1 mm² / s to 6 mm² / s at 100°C.

[0068] According to one embodiment, the present invention relates to the use of a composition for lubricating and / or cooling a transmission in a heat engine and / or a speed reducer in an electric motor in a moving system, said lubricating and / or cooling composition comprising one or more diesters of formula 1.

[0069] [Chemical Formula 1]

[0070] ,

[0071] in

[0072] R represents a straight-chain or branched divalent alkylene or alkenylene group containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms;

[0073] R 1 and R 2 Each independently represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group that optionally contains one or more heteroatoms; R should be understood as... 1 and R 2 At least one of them contains at least one ether functional group.

[0074] The diester of chemical formula 1 has a kinematic viscosity of 1 mm² / s to 6 mm² / s at 100°C.

[0075] The diester of Formula 1 is formed from at least one alcohol selected from monoethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and triethylene glycol monobutyl ether.

[0076] According to one implementation, the mobile system or fixed system is selected from heavy or light vehicles, public works machinery, energy storage systems, charging stations, chargers, data centers, 5G antennas, photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, turbines, switchgear, inverters, and medical devices, or combinations of these systems.

[0077] According to one embodiment, the composition of the present invention is used for lubricating and / or cooling transmission devices in heat engines and / or speed reducers in electric motors in mobile systems.

[0078] According to one embodiment, the mobility system is a vehicle with a heat engine, and the composition is used to reduce fuel consumption of the vehicle equipped with a transmission assembly, particularly a gearbox and / or a differential, and is lubricated by the composition.

[0079] According to one embodiment, the mobility system is an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle, and the composition is used to improve the efficiency of the reducer in the electric motor.

[0080] According to one embodiment, the mobility system is an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle, and the composition is used to extend the battery life of the electric vehicle or hybrid vehicle and / or cool the battery and / or power electronic equipment of the electric vehicle or hybrid vehicle, particularly lithium-ion batteries or nickel-cadmium batteries.

[0081] This invention provides diesters with excellent properties, particularly exhibiting very good thermal properties and very good lubrication properties (in terms of friction and traction).

[0082] Other features, variations, and advantages of the diester according to the invention will become more apparent from the following description and examples given as illustrative and non-limiting embodiments of the invention.

[0083] In the following text, unless otherwise stated, expressions such as “between ... and ...”, “ranging from ... to ...”, and “ranging from ... to ...” are equivalent and indicate that a limit is included.

[0084] Unless otherwise stated, the expression "includes" should be understood as "includes at least one". Attached Figure Description

[0085] [ Figure 1 This is a schematic representation of the propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle. Detailed Implementation

[0086] First, the present invention relates to a lubricating and / or cooling composition comprising one or more diesters of chemical formula 1, wherein chemical formula 1 is as follows:

[0087] [Chemical Formula 1]

[0088] ,

[0089] in

[0090] R represents a straight-chain or branched divalent alkylene or alkenylene group containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms;

[0091] R 1 and R 2 Each independently represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group that optionally contains one or more heteroatoms; R should be understood as... 1 and R 2 At least one of them contains at least one ether functional group.

[0092] The diester has a kinematic viscosity of 1 mm² / s to 6 mm² / s at 100°C.

[0093] The present invention also relates to the use of compositions comprising one or more diesters of Formula 1 for cooling and / or lubricating at least one element of a moving or stationary system.

[0094] This invention may employ one or more diesters, each of which is formed from the following two:

[0095] - Two identical or different alcohols R 1 -OH and R 2 -OH, at least one of the alcohols contains at least one ether functional group, and

[0096] - Dicarboxylic acids R[C(O)OH]2 containing straight or branched alkylene or alkenylene chains with 4 to 8 carbon atoms.

[0097] In particular, a mixture of diesters according to the present invention can be prepared by reacting a mixture of dicarboxylic acids with an alcohol (preferably selected from monohydric alcohols and diols).

[0098] When we say "monohydric alcohol", we mean a compound that (exactly) contains a hydroxyl functional group (-OH).

[0099] When we say "diol", we mean a compound that (exactly) contains two hydroxyl groups (-OH).

[0100] When we say "an alcohol containing at least one ether functional group", we mean a compound that contains at least one hydroxyl functional group (-OH) and at least one ether functional group (-O-).

[0101] For “a compound containing at least one ether functional group”, we mean that the compound contains at least one oxygen atom connected to two carbon atoms by a single bond.

[0102] For the purposes of this invention, "dieserogenous compound formed from two alcohols and a dicarboxylic acid" refers to a compound obtained by two esterification reactions, each of which is carried out between one of the two carboxyl functional groups of the dicarboxylic acid and the hydroxyl functional group of one of the two alcohols.

[0103] According to the present invention, at least one of the two alcohols comprises at least one ether functional group, and the other alcohol may be an aliphatic alcohol or an alcohol comprising at least one ether functional group. The alcohols comprising at least one ether functional group may be the same or different.

[0104] When we say "aliphatic alcohols", we mean alcohols that do not contain heteroatoms other than the oxygen atom that forms the hydroxyl functional group.

[0105] For example, a dicarboxylic acid can be reacted with three monohydric alcohols A1, A2, and A3. Therefore, according to this example, diester mixtures within the scope of this invention can include:

[0106] - A diester formed from a dicarboxylic acid and two monohydric alcohols A1.

[0107] - A diester formed from a dicarboxylic acid and two monohydric alcohols A2.

[0108] - A diester formed from a dicarboxylic acid and two monohydric alcohols A3.

[0109] - A diester formed from a dicarboxylic acid and two monohydric alcohols, A1 and A2.

[0110] - A diester formed from a dicarboxylic acid and a monohydric alcohol A1 and a monohydric alcohol A3.

[0111] - A diester formed from a dicarboxylic acid and a monohydric alcohol A2 and a monohydric alcohol A3.

[0112] Diesters according to the present application

[0113] As described above, at least one of the diesters according to the present invention is generally formed from two alcohols and a dicarboxylic acid, wherein at least one alcohol contains at least one ether functional group.

[0114] The diester of this invention is defined by chemical formula 1:

[0115] [Chemical Formula 1]

[0116] ,

[0117] in

[0118] R represents a straight-chain or branched divalent alkylene or alkenylene group containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms;

[0119] R 1 and R 2 Each independently represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group that optionally contains one or more heteroatoms; R should be understood as... 1 and R 2 At least one of them contains at least one ether functional group.

[0120] For the purposes of this invention, "monovalent hydrocarbon group" refers to a straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl chain that optionally includes one or more heteroatoms (particularly one or more oxygen atoms).

[0121] According to one implementation, R 1 Or R 2 It does not contain any heteroatoms.

[0122] According to one implementation, R 1 and / or R 2 It contains at least one heteroatom, preferably 1 to 6 heteroatoms, more preferably 1 to 4 heteroatoms, and even more preferably 1 to 3 heteroatoms.

[0123] Preferably, R 1 and / or R 2 It contains at least one oxygen atom, preferably 1 to 6 oxygen atoms, more preferably 1 to 4 oxygen atoms, and even more preferably 1 to 3 oxygen atoms.

[0124] Preferably, R 1 and / or R 2 It contains 1 to 6 ether functional groups, preferably 1 to 4 ether functional groups, and even more preferably 1 to 3 ether functional groups.

[0125] According to one implementation, R 1 and / or R 2 It contains a hydroxyl functional group. Preferably, according to this embodiment, R 1 and / or R 2 The hydroxyl functional group is carried by a primary carbon atom. When a carbon atom is bonded to only one other carbon atom, it is called a primary carbon atom.

[0126] According to one embodiment, group R 1 and / or R 2 Each is independently selected from formula-(CHR) 3 CH2O) n R 4 The group, wherein R 3 Represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, preferably a hydrogen atom; R 4 The alkyl group has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and is preferably selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl; and n is an integer from 1 to 4, preferably 1 to 3.

[0127] Preferably, R 1 and / or R 2 Each is independently selected from CH3(CH2)3O(CH2)2-, CH3(CH2)3(OCH2CH2)2-, CH3(OCH2CH2)3- and CH3(CH2)3(OCH2CH2)3-.

[0128] According to one specific implementation, R 1 and R 2 They are the same.

[0129] Typically, group R 1 and R 2 It consists of two identical or different formulas R 1 -OH and R 2 The group obtained by the reaction of -OH with a diacid, R 1 -OH and R 2 At least one alcohol in the -OH group contains at least one ether functional group. The same or different alcohols R 1-OH and R 2 -OH can be selected from monohydric alcohols and dihydric alcohols, with monohydric alcohols being preferred.

[0130] Preferably, the at least one alcohol containing an ether functional group is selected from monoethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers, diethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers, or triethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers, more preferably from diethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers or triethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers, wherein the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

[0131] Preferably, at least one alcohol is selected from monoethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and triethylene glycol monobutyl ether.

[0132] The alcohols used in this invention may be commercially available or synthesized by any method known to those skilled in the art.

[0133] For the purposes of this invention, "divalent alkylene" refers to a straight-chain or branched saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of carbon and hydrogen atoms (and therefore containing no heteroatoms).

[0134] For the purposes of this invention, "divalent alkenyl" refers to a straight-chain or branched unsaturated hydrocarbon chain composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms (and therefore containing no heteroatoms).

[0135] According to the present invention, the group R contains 2 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 4 to 7 carbon atoms.

[0136] Preferably, R is selected from the group -(CH2). x - where x is an integer from 2 to 8, or even more preferably, x is from 4 to 7.

[0137] Preferably, when the present invention involves a mixture of diesters of Formula 1, the diesters are formed from the same dicarboxylic acid. According to this embodiment, all R groups in the diesters of Formula 1 are identical.

[0138] For "dicarboxylic acids", we mean acids that contain (exactly) two carboxyl functional groups -(C(O)OH).

[0139] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the dicarboxylic acid comprises a straight-chain or branched alkylene chain or alkenylene chain containing 4 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably a straight-chain or branched alkylene chain containing 4 to 8 carbon atoms, and more preferably a straight-chain alkylene chain containing 4 to 8 carbon atoms.

[0140] Preferably, the dicarboxylic acid is selected from succinic acid, adipic acid, glutaric acid, pimelic acid, octanoic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid and mixtures thereof, and more preferably azelaic acid and adipic acid.

[0141] The dicarboxylic acid according to the present invention may be commercially available or synthesized by any method known to those skilled in the art.

[0142] According to one embodiment, the composition of the present invention comprises at least one diester of formula 1, wherein:

[0143] - Group R 1 and / or R 2 Selected from formula-(CHR) 3 CH2O) n R 4 The group, wherein R 3 Represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, preferably a hydrogen atom; R 4 The alkyl group represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and is preferably selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, or butyl; and n is an integer from 1 to 4, preferably 1 to 3; and

[0144] - Group R contains 2 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 4 to 7 carbon atoms.

[0145] Typically, the present invention implements at least one diester of Formula 1 formed from the following two:

[0146] - Two identical or different alcohols R 1 -OH and R 2 -OH, at least one of the alcohols contains at least one ether functional group, and

[0147] - Contains dicarboxylic acids (R[C(O)OH]2) with straight or branched alkylene or alkenylene chains containing 4 to 8 carbon atoms.

[0148] Preferably, the diester according to the present invention is saturated.

[0149] For the purposes of this invention, "saturated diester" refers to a diester containing a saturated hydrocarbon chain, wherein the carbon-carbon bond is a carbon-carbon single bond. Therefore, preferably, the alcohols according to the present invention all contain a saturated hydrocarbon chain, and the dicarboxylic acids according to the present invention all contain a saturated hydrocarbon chain; preferably, the hydrocarbon chain is composed of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms.

[0150] Preferably, the diester of chemical formula 1 according to the present invention is composed of carbon atoms, oxygen atoms and hydrogen atoms.

[0151] According to one embodiment, the diester contains 12 to 60 carbon atoms, preferably 16 to 50 carbon atoms.

[0152] According to one embodiment, the diester implemented in this invention is a straight-chain diester or a branched diester.

[0153] For the purposes of this invention, "branched diester" refers to a diester containing a branched hydrocarbon chain, wherein the branching may be located at two ester functional groups and / or at one or both ends of the diester.

[0154] According to a preferred embodiment, the diester implemented in this invention is a linear diester.

[0155] According to a preferred embodiment, the diester of the present invention is saturated and linear.

[0156] According to one embodiment, at least one diester of formula 1 according to the present invention is selected from:

[0157] - A diester formed from monoethylene glycol monoalkyl ether and succinic acid.

[0158] - A diester formed from monoethylene glycol monoalkyl ether and adipic acid.

[0159] - A diester formed from monoethylene glycol monoalkyl ether and glutaric acid.

[0160] - A diester formed from monoethylene glycol monoalkyl ether and pimelic acid.

[0161] - A diester formed from monoethylene glycol monoalkyl ether and octanoic acid.

[0162] - A diester formed from monoethylene glycol monoalkyl ether and azelaic acid.

[0163] - A diester formed from monoethylene glycol monoalkyl ether and sebacic acid.

[0164] - A diester formed from diethylene glycol monoalkyl ether and succinic acid.

[0165] - A diester formed from diethylene glycol monoalkyl ether and adipic acid.

[0166] - A diester formed from diethylene glycol monoalkyl ether and glutaric acid.

[0167] - A diester formed from diethylene glycol monoalkyl ether and pimelic acid.

[0168] - A diester formed from diethylene glycol monoalkyl ether and octanoic acid.

[0169] - A diester formed from diethylene glycol monoalkyl ether and azelaic acid.

[0170] - A diester formed from diethylene glycol monoalkyl ether and sebacic acid.

[0171] - A diester formed from triethylene glycol monoalkyl ether and succinic acid.

[0172] - A diester formed from triethylene glycol monoalkyl ether and adipic acid.

[0173] - A diester formed from triethylene glycol monoalkyl ether and glutaric acid.

[0174] - A diester formed from triethylene glycol monoalkyl ether and pimelic acid.

[0175] - A diester formed from triethylene glycol monoalkyl ether and octanoic acid.

[0176] - A diester formed from triethylene glycol monoalkyl ether and azelaic acid.

[0177] - A diester formed from triethylene glycol monoalkyl ether and sebacic acid.

[0178] and its mixtures,

[0179] The alkyl group preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

[0180] Preferably, at least one diester of formula 1 according to the present invention is selected from:

[0181] - A diester formed from monoethylene glycol monobutyl ether and azelaic acid.

[0182] - A diester formed from diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and succinic acid.

[0183] - A diester formed from diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and adipic acid.

[0184] - A diester formed from diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and azelaic acid.

[0185] - A diester formed from diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and glutaric acid.

[0186] - A diester formed from diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and pimelic acid.

[0187] - A diester formed from diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and octanoic acid.

[0188] - A diester formed from diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and sebacic acid.

[0189] - A diester formed from triethylene glycol monomethyl ether and succinic acid.

[0190] - A diester formed from triethylene glycol monomethyl ether and adipic acid.

[0191] - A diester formed from triethylene glycol monomethyl ether and glutaric acid.

[0192] - A diester formed from triethylene glycol monomethyl ether and pimelic acid.

[0193] - A diester formed from triethylene glycol monomethyl ether and octanoic acid.

[0194] - A diester formed from triethylene glycol monomethyl ether and azelaic acid.

[0195] - A diester formed from triethylene glycol monomethyl ether and sebacic acid.

[0196] - A diester formed from triethylene glycol monobutyl ether and succinic acid.

[0197] - A diester formed from triethylene glycol monobutyl ether and adipic acid.

[0198] - A diester formed from triethylene glycol monobutyl ether and glutaric acid.

[0199] - A diester formed from triethylene glycol monobutyl ether and pimelic acid.

[0200] - A diester formed from triethylene glycol monobutyl ether and octanoic acid.

[0201] - A diester formed from triethylene glycol monobutyl ether and azelaic acid.

[0202] - A diester formed from triethylene glycol monobutyl ether and sebacic acid.

[0203] and its mixtures.

[0204] Preferably, at least one diester of formula 1 according to the present invention is selected from:

[0205] - A diester formed from monoethylene glycol monobutyl ether and azelaic acid.

[0206] - A diester formed from diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and succinic acid.

[0207] - A diester formed from diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and adipic acid.

[0208] - A diester formed from diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and azelaic acid.

[0209] - A diester formed from diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and glutaric acid.

[0210] - A diester formed from triethylene glycol monomethyl ether and azelaic acid.

[0211] - A diester formed from triethylene glycol monobutyl ether and azelaic acid.

[0212] and its mixtures.

[0213] Preferably, at least one diester of formula 1 according to the present invention is selected from:

[0214] - A diester formed from monoethylene glycol monobutyl ether and azelaic acid.

[0215] - A diester formed from diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and succinic acid.

[0216] - A diester formed from diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and adipic acid.

[0217] - A diester formed from diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and azelaic acid.

[0218] - A diester formed from diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and glutaric acid.

[0219] - A diester formed from triethylene glycol monomethyl ether and azelaic acid.

[0220] - A diester formed from triethylene glycol monobutyl ether and azelaic acid.

[0221] The kinematic viscosity of the diester according to the present invention, measured at 100°C, is typically from 1 mm² / s to 6 mm² / s, preferably from 1 mm² / s to 5 mm² / s.

[0222] In the context of this invention, kinematic viscosity can be measured according to the ASTM D445 standard.

[0223] Preferably, when the present invention implements a diester mixture of chemical formula 1, the kinematic viscosity of the diester mixture measured at 100°C is 1 mm² / s to 6 mm² / s, more preferably 1 mm² / s to 5 mm² / s.

[0224] According to one embodiment, the diester according to the invention has a kinematic viscosity of 5 mm² / s to 20 mm² / s, preferably 8 mm² / s to 18 mm² / s, measured at 40°C.

[0225] Preferably, when the present invention is carried out using diester mixtures of Formula 1, the kinematic viscosity of each diester in the composition of the present invention, measured at 40°C, is from 5 mm² / s to 20 mm² / s, more preferably from 8 mm² / s to 18 mm² / s.

[0226] It should be understood that, where possible, the definitions of dicarboxylic acids and alcohols given above can be combined to define other specific implementation methods.

[0227] The diesters according to the invention can be prepared according to synthetic methods known to those skilled in the art. These synthetic methods particularly involve two esterification reactions.

[0228] Obviously, those skilled in the art can adjust the synthesis conditions to obtain the diester of the present invention.

[0229] It should be understood that, in the context of this invention, the diester of this invention may be in the form of a mixture of at least two diesters of Formula 1, particularly as defined above.

[0230] The diester or diester mixture of Formula 1 may account for at least 5% by weight, preferably at least 10% by weight, and more preferably from 10% to 100% by weight of the total weight of the composition of the present invention.

[0231] According to one specific embodiment, the cooling and / or lubricating composition of the present invention may be formed from more than 95% by weight, particularly more than 98% by weight, of one or more diesters of Formula 1, or even from 100% by weight of one or more diesters of Formula 1.

[0232] Other base oils

[0233] In addition to containing one or more diesters of Formula 1, the cooling and / or lubricating compositions of the present invention may also contain one or more base oils (also called co-bases) that are different from the diesters of the present invention.

[0234] The base oil, which is optionally present in the cooling and / or lubricating composition of the present invention, is appropriately selected according to its compatibility with the diester of the present invention.

[0235] It can be a mixture of several base oils, such as a mixture of two, three or four base oils.

[0236] Preferably, the kinematic viscosity of the base oil or other mixture of base oils used in the cooling composition of the present invention, measured at 100°C according to ASTM D445, can be from 1.5 mm² / s to 8 mm² / s, particularly from 1.5 mm² / s to 6.1 mm² / s, more particularly from 1.5 mm² / s to 4.1 mm² / s, and even more particularly from 1.5 mm² / s to 2.1 mm² / s.

[0237] The base oil may be selected from mineral oils or synthetic oils in groups I to V as defined in the API classification (or its equivalents according to the ATIEL classification), as shown in Table 1 below, or may be selected from mixtures thereof.

[0238] [Table 1]

[0239]

[0240] Mineral base oils include various base oils obtained by atmospheric and vacuum distillation of crude oil and refining processes such as solvent extraction, deasphalting, solvent dewaxing, hydrotreating, hydrocracking, hydroisomerization and hydrorefining.

[0241] A mixture of biologically derived synthetic oils and mineral oils can also be used.

[0242] According to one embodiment, the base oil is at least partially a refined or recycled oil, i.e., derived from at least one used lubricant that has undergone one or more preliminary steps such as dehydration, distillation, filtration, hydrogenation, liquid / liquid extraction, decantation, and / or passing the used lubricant through an adsorbent material.

[0243] Generally, there are no restrictions on the use of different base oils to manufacture cooling and / or lubricating compositions, as long as they have properties suitable for use in the propulsion systems of electric or hybrid vehicles, particularly viscosity index, sulfur content, or oxidation resistance.

[0244] The base oil may also be selected from synthetic oils, such as esters of certain carboxylic acids and alcohols (different from diesters as defined in this invention), polyalphaolefins (PAOs), and polyalkylene glycols (PAGs) obtained by polymerization or copolymerization of alkylene oxides containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms (especially 2 to 4 carbon atoms).

[0245] For example, PAO used as a base oil is obtained from monomers containing 4 to 32 carbon atoms, such as octene or decene.

[0246] The average molecular weight of PAO can vary widely. Preferably, the average molecular weight of PAO is less than 600 Da. The average molecular weight of PAO can also be 100 Da to 600 Da, 150 Da to 600 Da, or 200 Da to 600 Da.

[0247] For example, the kinematic viscosity of PAO implemented in the context of this invention, measured according to ASTM D445 standard at 100°C, is 1.5 mm² / s to 8 mm² / s, as described by Ineos using Durasyn ® 162. Durasyn ® 164. Durasyn ® 166 and Durasyn ® The 168 brand is used for sales.

[0248] Advantageously, other base oils are selected from polyalphaolefins (PAO).

[0249] Those skilled in the art can adjust the content of other base oils present in the cooling and / or lubricating compositions of the present invention.

[0250] According to one embodiment, the composition of the present invention may contain 10% to 95% by weight, preferably 30% to 90% by weight, preferably 50% to 90% by weight, or one or more base oils different from the diester of the present invention, relative to the total weight of the composition.

[0251] According to this embodiment, preferably, the composition comprises, relative to the total weight of the diester of Formula 1 and the base oil different from the diester, the following:

[0252] - 5% to 90% by weight, preferably 10% to 70% by weight, preferably 10% to 50% by weight of the diester of Formula 1,

[0253] - One or more base oils different from the diester, preferably in a proportion of 10% to 95% by weight, more preferably 30% to 90% by weight, and more preferably 50% to 90% by weight.

[0254] According to one specific embodiment, the cooling composition according to the invention comprises 100% by weight of a mixture of a 1-diester and other base oils, preferably in proportions such that the composition comprises:

[0255] - 5% to 90% by weight, preferably 10% to 70% by weight, preferably 10% to 50% by weight of the diester.

[0256] - One or more base oils different from the diester, preferably in a proportion of 10% to 95% by weight, more preferably 30% to 90% by weight, and more preferably 50% to 90% by weight.

[0257] Additives

[0258] The diester according to the present invention can be used with one or more additives.

[0259] The cooling and / or lubricating compositions of the present invention may also contain one or more additives known to those skilled in the art of lubrication, particularly of lubrication and / or cooling of mobile and / or stationary systems.

[0260] The additives that can be incorporated into the composition of the present invention may be selected from friction modifiers, anti-wear additives, extreme pressure additives, detergents, antioxidants, viscosity index (VI) improvers, pour point depressants (PPD), dispersants, defoamers, thickeners, corrosion inhibitors, copper passivators, and mixtures thereof.

[0261] According to one embodiment, the proportion of the additive, which is different from the diester and different from the base oil, relative to the total weight of the composition is up to 20% by weight, preferably 0.05% by weight to 15% by weight, preferably 0.1% by weight to 10% by weight, even more preferably 0.5% by weight to 7% by weight, or even 1% by weight to 5% by weight.

[0262] Preferably, the cooling and / or lubricating composition of the present invention may further contain one or more additives selected from antioxidants, defoamers, pour point improvers and preservatives.

[0263] When using the cooling composition of the present invention as a multifunctional fluid (e.g., for cooling batteries and / or power electronic devices in electric or hybrid vehicles, and for lubricating propulsion system components, such as transmissions), it is also advantageous to add one or more additives selected from anti-wear additives, friction modifiers, detergents, extreme pressure additives, and dispersants.

[0264] It should be understood that the choice of the nature and amount of the additives selected for implementation should not affect the properties of the cooling and / or lubricating composition imparted by the diester of the present invention.

[0265] These additives may be introduced individually and / or in the form of mixtures similar to additives in commercially available automotive engine lubricant formulations, with performance levels as defined by ACEA (European Association of Vehicle Manufacturers) and / or API (American Petroleum Institute) as is known to those skilled in the art.

[0266] The additives present in the cooling and / or lubricating compositions of the present invention are present in an amount of up to 20% by weight, particularly from 0.05% to 15% by weight, preferably from 0.1% to 10% by weight, and more preferably from 0.5% to 7% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.

[0267] Therefore, the cooling and / or lubricating compositions of the present invention may contain at least one antioxidant additive.

[0268] Therefore, according to another aspect thereto, the present invention relates to a cooling and / or lubricating composition, which is particularly suitable for cooling the propulsion system of electric or hybrid vehicles, especially electric motors or electric motor reducers, batteries and / or power electronic devices, said composition comprising (i) at least one diester as defined above and (ii) at least one antioxidant additive.

[0269] Antioxidant additives typically allow for the retardation of composition degradation during use. This degradation can specifically lead to sediment formation, sludge presence, or increased composition viscosity.

[0270] Antioxidant additives particularly function as free radical inhibitors or hydroperoxide destroyers. Among commonly used antioxidant additives, phenolic antioxidant additives, amine antioxidant additives, and phosphorus-sulfurized antioxidant additives are worth mentioning. Some of these antioxidant additives, such as phosphorus-sulfurized antioxidant additives, may produce ash. Phenolic antioxidant additives can be ash-free or in the form of neutral or basic metal salts. Antioxidant additives are particularly selected from sterically hindered phenols, sterically hindered phenolic esters, sterically hindered phenols containing thioether bridges, diphenylamines, and those substituted with at least one C1-C. 12 Diphenylamines with alkyl groups, N,N'-dialkyl-aryl diamines and mixtures thereof.

[0271] Preferably, according to the invention, the sterically hindered phenol is selected from compounds containing a phenolic group, wherein at least one ortho-carbon adjacent to the carbon with the alcohol functional group is substituted with at least one C1-C. 10 Alkyl groups, preferably C1-C6 alkyl groups, preferably C4 alkyl groups, and preferably tert-butyl groups.

[0272] Amines are another class of antioxidant additives that can be used, optionally in combination with phenolic antioxidant additives. Examples of amine compounds are aromatic amines, such as those of formula NR. 4 R 5 R 6 Aromatic amines, of which R 4 R indicates an optional substituted aliphatic or aromatic group. 5 R represents an optional substituted aromatic group. 6 Represents a hydrogen atom, alkyl group, aryl group, or formula R 7 S(O) z R 8 Group, wherein R 7 Indicates alkylene or alkenylene, R 8 denoted by alkyl, alkenyl, or aryl, and z represents 0, 1, or 2.

[0273] Sulfated alkylphenols or their alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts can also be used as antioxidant additives.

[0274] Another class of antioxidant additives are copper compounds, such as copper thiophosphates or dithiophosphates, copper carboxylate salts, dithiocarbamates, sulfonates, phenolates, and copper acetylacetonate. Copper I and copper II salts, succinic acid, or acid anhydride salts can also be used.

[0275] Advantageously, the cooling and / or lubricating composition contains at least one ash-free antioxidant additive.

[0276] The content of the additives implemented in the cooling composition of the present invention may be from 0.1% by weight to 2% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.

[0277] The cooling and / or lubricating composition of the present invention may contain at least one anti-wear additive and / or extreme pressure additive.

[0278] Anti-wear additives and extreme pressure additives protect these surfaces by forming a protective film on the friction surfaces.

[0279] There are many types of anti-wear additives. Preferably, the anti-wear additive is selected from phosphoric acid-treated additives, such as metal alkyl thiophosphates, especially zinc alkyl thiophosphates, and more particularly dialkyl dithiophosphates or ZnDTP. Preferred compounds have the chemical formula Zn((SP(S)(OQ)). 2 (OQ) 3 ))2, where Q 2 and Q 3 Whether the terms are the same or different, they independently represent alkyl groups, preferably alkyl groups containing 1 to 18 carbon atoms.

[0280] Aminophosphates are also anti-wear additives that can be used in the compositions of this invention. However, the phosphorus provided by these additives can be toxic to automotive catalytic systems because they generate ash. These effects can be minimized by partially replacing aminophosphates with additives that do not provide phosphorus (e.g., polysulfides, particularly sulfurized olefins).

[0281] The cooling and / or lubricating composition may contain 0.01% to 6% by weight, preferably 0.05% to 4% by weight, and more preferably 0.1% to 2% by weight of anti-wear additives and extreme pressure additives relative to the total weight of the composition.

[0282] The cooling and / or lubricating compositions of the present invention may also contain at least one viscosity index (VI) improving additive.

[0283] Viscosity index improvers (especially polymer viscosity index improvers) can ensure good cold properties and minimum viscosity at high temperatures.

[0284] Examples of polymer viscosity index improvers include homopolymers or copolymers (hydrogenated or non-hydrogenated) of polymer esters, styrene, butadiene and isoprene, homopolymers or copolymers of olefins (e.g. ethylene or propylene), polyacrylates and polymethacrylates (PMA), preferably homopolymers or copolymers of olefins (e.g. ethylene or propylene).

[0285] Specifically, relative to the total weight of the cooling and / or lubricating composition, the cooling and / or lubricating composition of the present invention may contain 1% to 15% by weight, preferably 5% to 10% by weight, of viscosity index improving additives.

[0286] The cooling and / or lubricating compositions of the present invention may also contain an antifoaming agent.

[0287] Defoamers can be selected from silicones.

[0288] The cooling and / or lubricating composition may contain 0.01% to 2% by weight or 0.01% to 5% by weight, preferably 0.1% to 1.5% by weight or 0.1% to 2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.

[0289] The cooling and / or lubricating composition of the present invention may contain at least one friction-improving additive.

[0290] Friction modifiers can be selected from compounds that provide a metallic element and ashless compounds. Among compounds providing a metallic element, transition metal complexes such as Mo, Sb, Sn, Fe, Cu, and Zn may be mentioned, and their ligands may be hydrocarbon compounds containing oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, or phosphorus atoms. Ashless friction modifiers are typically of organic origin and can be selected from monoesters of fatty acids and polyols, alkoxylated amines, alkoxylated fatty amines, fatty epoxides, borate fatty epoxides, fatty amines, or glycerides of fatty acids. According to the invention, the fatty compound contains at least one hydrocarbon group containing 10 to 24 carbon atoms.

[0291] The cooling and / or lubricating composition may contain 0.01% to 2% by weight or 0.01% to 5% by weight, preferably 0.1% to 1.5% by weight or 0.1% to 2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, of friction-improving additives.

[0292] Advantageously, the cooling and / or lubricating composition does not contain friction-improving additives, especially when intended for use in cooling battery components.

[0293] The cooling and / or lubricating compositions of the present invention may contain at least one cleaning additive.

[0294] Cleaning additives typically reduce the formation of deposits on the surface of metal parts by dissolving oxidation and combustion byproducts.

[0295] Cleaning additives that can be used in cooling and / or lubricating compositions are generally known to those skilled in the art. Cleaning additives may be anionic compounds comprising a lipophilic hydrocarbon group and a hydrophilic head. The associated cation may be an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal cation.

[0296] The cleaning additives are preferably selected from alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of carboxylic acids, sulfonates, salicylates, naphthenates, and phenolates. Alkali metals and alkaline earth metals are preferably calcium, magnesium, sodium, or barium.

[0297] These metal salts typically contain stoichiometric amounts or excess metal, meaning the amount is greater than the stoichiometric amount. These are overly alkaline cleaning additives; the excess metal that provides the overly alkaline characteristic of the cleaning additive is usually present in the oil as an insoluble metal salt, such as carbonates, hydroxides, oxalates, acetates, glutamates, preferably carbonates.

[0298] For example, a cooling and / or lubricating composition may contain 2% to 4% by weight of cleaning additives relative to the total weight of the composition.

[0299] The cooling and / or lubricating composition may also contain at least one pour point lowering additive.

[0300] Pour point depressants typically improve the cold behavior of compositions by slowing down the formation of paraffin crystals. Examples of pour point depressants include alkyl polymethacrylates, polyacrylates, polyarylamides, polyalkylphenols, polyalkylnaphthalenes, and alkylated polystyrene.

[0301] The cooling and / or lubricating compositions of the present invention may contain 0.05% to 2% by weight of a pour point lowering additive relative to the total weight of the composition.

[0302] Furthermore, the cooling and / or lubricating compositions of the present invention may contain at least one dispersant.

[0303] The dispersant may be a Mannich base, succinimide, or its derivatives. The cooling composition may contain, for example, 0.2% to 10% by weight of the dispersant relative to the total weight of the composition.

[0304] According to one specific embodiment, the cooling and / or lubricating composition of the present invention comprises or even consists of: (i) at least one diester of formula (I) as defined above; and (ii) at least one additive selected from antioxidants, defoamers, pour point depressants, preservatives, anti-wear and / or extreme pressure additives, friction modifiers, detergents, dispersants and mixtures thereof, preferably selected from antioxidants, pour point depressants, defoamers and preservatives and mixtures thereof.

[0305] Advantageously, the cooling and / or lubricating composition of the present invention is formed from (i) at least one diester of formula (I) as defined above and (ii) at least one antioxidant additive.

[0306] Cooling and / or lubricating compositions

[0307] The diester according to the present invention can be used with one or more other base oils and / or one or more additives. According to this embodiment, preferably, the composition will comprise, relative to the total weight of the composition:

[0308] - 5% to 90% by weight, preferably 10% to 70% by weight, preferably 10% to 50% by weight of diester of formula 1,

[0309] - One or more base oils different from the diester and / or one or more additives different from the diester and different from the base oil.

[0310] The base oil preferably comprises 10% to 95% by weight, more preferably 30% to 90% by weight, and even more preferably 50% to 90% by weight.

[0311] The additive is preferably up to 20% by weight, more preferably 0.05% to 15% by weight, more preferably 0.1% to 10% by weight, even more preferably 0.5% to 7% by weight, or even 1% to 5% by weight.

[0312] According to one embodiment, the composition comprises, relative to the total weight of the composition:

[0313] - 5% to 90% by weight, preferably 10% to 70% by weight, preferably 10% to 50% by weight of diester of formula 1,

[0314] - One or more base oils different from the diester, preferably in a proportion of 10% to 95% by weight, more preferably 30% to 90% by weight, and more preferably 50% to 90% by weight.

[0315] - One or more additives that are different from the diester and different from the base oil, preferably in a proportion of up to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.05% to 15% by weight, preferably from 0.1% to 10% by weight, even more preferably from 0.5% to 7% by weight, or even from 1% to 5% by weight.

[0316] According to one embodiment, the composition of the present invention comprises, or even consists of, the following, relative to the total weight of the composition:

[0317] - 5% to 90% by weight, preferably 10% to 70% by weight, preferably 10% to 50% by weight of diester of Formula 1, wherein:

[0318] Group R 1 and / or R 2 Independently selected from -(CHR) 3 CH2O) n R 4 , where R 3 Represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, preferably a hydrogen atom; R 4The alkyl group has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and is preferably selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl; and n is an integer from 1 to 4, preferably 1 to 3.

[0319] Group R contains 2 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 4 to 7 carbon atoms;

[0320] - One or more base oils different from the diester, preferably in a proportion of 10% to 95% by weight, more preferably 30% to 90% by weight, and more preferably 50% to 90% by weight;

[0321] - One or more additives that are different from the diester and different from the base oil, preferably in a proportion of up to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.05% to 15% by weight, preferably from 0.1% to 10% by weight, even more preferably from 0.5% to 7% by weight, or even from 1% to 5% by weight.

[0322] According to one specific embodiment, the cooling and / or lubricating composition of the present invention comprises or even consists of the following:

[0323] - At least 5% by weight, preferably at least 10% by weight, preferably at least 30% by weight, preferably at least 50% by weight, more preferably at least 70% by weight, or even at least 90% by weight of diester of Formula 1;

[0324] - Optionally, 0.01% to 20% by weight, preferably 0.05% to 15% by weight, preferably 0.1% to 10% by weight, even more preferably 0.5% to 7% by weight, or even 1% to 5% by weight of one or more additives, said additives being selected from friction modifiers, anti-wear additives, extreme pressure additives, detergents, antioxidants, viscosity index (VI) improvers, pour point depressants (PPD), dispersants, defoamers, thickeners, corrosion inhibitors, copper passivators, and mixtures thereof.

[0325] The content is expressed relative to the total weight of the composition.

[0326] According to one specific embodiment, the cooling and / or lubricating composition of the present invention comprises or even consists of the following:

[0327] - 5% to 90% by weight, preferably 10% to 70% by weight, preferably 10% to 50% by weight of diester of Formula 1

[0328] - One or more base oils different from the diester, preferably in a proportion of 10% to 95% by weight, more preferably 30% to 90% by weight, and more preferably 50% to 90% by weight;

[0329] - Optionally, up to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.05% by weight to 15% by weight, preferably from 0.1% by weight to 10% by weight, even more preferably from 0.5% by weight to 7% by weight, or even from 1% by weight to 5% by weight, one or more additives selected from friction modifiers, anti-wear additives, extreme pressure additives, detergents, antioxidants, viscosity index (VI) improvers, pour point depressants (PPD), dispersants, defoamers, thickeners, corrosion inhibitors, copper passivators, and mixtures thereof.

[0330] The content is expressed relative to the total weight of the composition.

[0331] According to one specific embodiment, the cooling and / or lubricating composition of the present invention comprises or even consists of the following:

[0332] - 5% to 95% by weight, preferably 10% to 90% by weight, preferably 20% to 80% by weight, even more preferably 30% to 70% by weight, or even 40% to 60% by weight of diester of Formula 1;

[0333] - Optionally 5% to 95% by weight, preferably 10% to 90% by weight, preferably 20% to 80% by weight, even more preferably 30% to 70% by weight, or even 40% to 60% by weight of one or more base oils different from the diester;

[0334] - Optionally, 0.01% to 20% by weight, preferably 0.05% to 15% by weight, preferably 0.1% to 10% by weight, even more preferably 0.5% to 7% by weight, or even 1% to 5% by weight, of one or more additives that are different from diesters and different from the base oil, said additives being selected from friction modifiers, anti-wear additives, extreme pressure additives, detergents, antioxidants, viscosity index (VI) improvers, pour point depressants (PPD), dispersants, defoamers, thickeners, corrosion inhibitors, copper passivators, and mixtures thereof.

[0335] The content is expressed relative to the total weight of the composition.

[0336] Advantageously, the kinematic viscosity of the cooling and / or lubricating composition of the present invention, measured at 100°C, is from 1 mm² / s to 6 mm² / s, preferably from 1 mm² / s to 5 mm² / s.

[0337] Advantageously, the kinematic viscosity of the cooling and / or lubricating composition of the present invention, measured at 40°C, is from 5 mm² / s to 20 mm² / s, preferably from 8 mm² / s to 18 mm² / s.

[0338] The cooling and / or lubricating composition of the present invention can be prepared by mixing the components according to any method known to those skilled in the art.

[0339] Applications

[0340] As previously stated, the compositions of the present invention can be used as cooling and / or lubricating fluids for mobile and / or stationary systems.

[0341] Mobile or fixed systems may be selected from heavy or light vehicles, public works machinery, energy storage systems, charging stations, chargers, data centers, 5G antennas, photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, turbines, switchgear, inverters, and medical equipment, or combinations of these systems.

[0342] This composition can be used in transmission devices in heat engines and / or speed reducers in electric motors for lubricating and / or cooling moving systems.

[0343] According to one embodiment, the mobility system is a vehicle with a heat engine, and the cooling and / or lubricating composition is preferably used to reduce the fuel consumption of the vehicle equipped with transmission components, particularly gearboxes and / or differentials, and is lubricated by the composition.

[0344] According to one embodiment, the composition of the present invention is used as a single fluid in the entire lubrication system of an electric vehicle. Therefore, according to this embodiment, the lubricating composition is used to lubricate and cool all components of the electric vehicle's propulsion system.

[0345] The system of the present invention can be a propulsion system for an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle. The composition is preferably used to improve the efficiency of the reducer in the electric motor of the electric vehicle or hybrid vehicle and / or extend battery life and / or cool the battery and / or power electronic equipment of the electric vehicle or hybrid vehicle, especially lithium-ion batteries or nickel-cadmium batteries.

[0346] As a guide, such as Figure 1 As shown schematically, the propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle specifically includes an electric motor (1), a battery (2), and a transmission, particularly a reduction gear (3).

[0347] An electric motor typically includes power electronics (11) connected to a stator (13) and a rotor (14). The stator includes coils, particularly copper coils, which are alternately powered by current. This allows a rotating magnetic field to be formed. The rotor itself contains coils, permanent magnets, or other magnetic materials and rotates under the influence of the rotating magnetic field.

[0348] The power electronics (11), stator (13), and rotor (14) of the propulsion system (1) are complex components that generate a large amount of heat during motor operation. Therefore, it is essential to ensure the cooling of the motor and power electronics.

[0349] The bearing (12) is typically integrated between the stator (13) and the rotor (14). The transmission, particularly the reducer (3), allows for the reduction of the speed at the motor output, regulation of the speed transmitted to the wheels, and control of the vehicle speed.

[0350] Advantageously, the compositions of the present invention can be used to cool batteries or energy storage systems in electric or hybrid vehicles. In particular, according to this embodiment, they are intended to be in direct contact with one or more batteries.

[0351] As examples of batteries suitable for propulsion systems in electric or hybrid vehicles, we can specifically mention Li-ion batteries or nickel-cadmium batteries.

[0352] According to another aspect, the present invention also relates to a method for cooling and / or lubricating at least one element of a moving system and / or stationary system, the method comprising at least one step: contacting the at least one element with a composition comprising one or more diesters of Formula 1 of the present invention.

[0353] Compositions implemented within the framework of the methods of the present invention may include one or more features described within the framework of the lubrication and / or cooling compositions of the present invention.

[0354] Mobile or fixed systems may be selected from heavy or light vehicles, public works machinery, energy storage systems, charging stations, chargers, data centers, 5G antennas, photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, turbines, switchgear, inverters, and medical equipment, or combinations of these systems.

[0355] According to another aspect, the present invention also relates to a method for cooling at least one component (particularly a battery) of a propulsion system for an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle, the method comprising at least one step: contacting at least the component (particularly the battery, such as a lithium-ion battery or a nickel-cadmium battery) with a composition comprising at least one diester of chemical formula 1 of the present invention as described above.

[0356] Contacting the cooling composition of the present invention with the battery can be achieved by immersing or partially immersing the battery in the composition, or even injecting the composition onto the surface of the battery.

[0357] When we say "immersion," we mean that the entire battery is enveloped by the cooling composition of this invention. When we say "partial immersion," we mean that only a portion of the battery is in contact with the composition.

[0358] Cooling can be implemented by any method known to those skilled in the art. The battery can be immersed or partially immersed, statically or cyclically in the composition.

[0359] As examples of direct contact, we may mention cooling by injection, spraying, misting, immersion or partial immersion in a bath, or even by forming a mist on the battery by the composition of the present invention under pressure and gravity.

[0360] Advantageously, the composition is injected into the region to be cooled in the propulsion system under relatively high pressure via an injector. Advantageously, the shearing effect generated by this injection reduces the viscosity of the fluid in the injection region compared to its kinematic viscosity at rest, thereby further enhancing the cooling potential of the composition.

[0361] In addition, as described in document WO 2015 / 116496, the oil circulation system commonly used in electric motors can be employed.

[0362] The compositions of the present invention can also be used to cool electric motors in electric or hybrid vehicles, particularly to cool the rotors and / or stators of power electronic devices and / or electric motors and / or motor reducers.

[0363] The cooling composition of the present invention exhibits particularly satisfactory electrical insulation properties for use in electric or hybrid vehicles.

[0364] In addition to the cooling properties of the compositions of the present invention, their lubricating properties can also be utilized.

[0365] Therefore, the compositions of the present invention can be used simultaneously to lubricate different components of stationary or moving systems, such as the propulsion system of electric or hybrid vehicles, particularly bearings located between the rotor and stator of an electric motor, or even transmission devices, particularly speed reducers, in electric or hybrid vehicles.

[0366] In such applications, the cooling composition of the present invention advantageously further comprises one or more additives selected from anti-wear additives, friction modifiers, detergents, dispersants, extreme pressure additives, and mixtures thereof.

[0367] This aspect will now be described by way of the following embodiments, which are obviously provided only as illustrative and not limiting embodiments of the invention.

[0368] Example

[0369] Example 1 : Preparation of test compounds

[0370] The following compounds were prepared:

[0371] - Diester A: A diester formed from succinic acid and diethylene glycol monobutyl ether in the following molar ratio: 2 moles of diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and 1 mole of succinic acid;

[0372] - Diester B: A diester formed from adipic acid and diethylene glycol monobutyl ether in the following molar ratio: 2 moles of diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and 1 mole of adipic acid;

[0373] - Diester C: A diester formed from azelaic acid and diethylene glycol monobutyl ether in the following molar ratio: 2 moles of diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and 1 mole of azelaic acid;

[0374] - Diester D: A diester formed from glutaric acid and diethylene glycol monobutyl ether in the following molar ratio: 2 moles of diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and 1 mole of glutaric acid;

[0375] - Diester E: A diester formed from azelaic acid and triethylene glycol monomethyl ether in the following molar ratio: 2 moles of triethylene glycol monomethyl ether and 1 mole of azelaic acid;

[0376] - Diester F: A diester mixture formed from azelaic acid and triethylene glycol monobutyl ether in the following molar ratio: 2 moles of triethylene glycol monobutyl ether and 1 mole of azelaic acid;

[0377] - Diester G: A diester formed from azelaic acid and monoethylene glycol monobutyl ether in the following molar ratio: 2 moles of monoethylene glycol monobutyl ether and 1 mole of azelaic acid;

[0378] - Diester H: A diester formed from succinic acid and triethylene glycol monobutyl ether in the following molar ratio: 2 moles of triethylene glycol monobutyl ether and 1 mole of succinic acid;

[0379] - Diester I: A diester formed from adipic acid and monoethylene glycol monohexyl ether in the following molar ratio: 2 moles of monoethylene glycol monohexyl ether and 1 mole of adipic acid;

[0380] - Monoesters formed from monocarboxylic acids containing 3 to 14 carbon atoms and monohydric alcohols containing 3 to 14 carbon atoms.

[0381] Diesters and monoesters were prepared using known ester preparation methods.

[0382] The compositions tested in the following examples contain 100% of each ester (diester or monoester) as defined in Example 1.

[0383] Example 2: Viscosity measurement

[0384] The kinematic viscosity (KV100) of the compound in Example 1 at 100°C and the kinematic viscosity (KV40) at 40°C were determined according to ASTM D445 standard.

[0385] Viscosities are shown in Table 2.

[0386] [Table 2]

[0387]

[0388] All diesters implemented according to the present invention have a viscosity of less than 5 mm² / s at 100°C.

[0389] Example 3: Thermal conductivity measurement

[0390] The thermal conductivity of the compound described in Example 1 was determined at 30°C according to ASTM D7896-19 standard.

[0391] The results are shown in Table 3.

[0392] [Table 3]

[0393]

[0394] These results demonstrate that the diester according to the present invention possesses good thermal properties, allowing it to be used as a coolant. In fact, the thermal conductivity of the diester is greater than 150 mW·m. -1 .K -1 or even at least 155 mW.m -1 .K -1 .

[0395] Example 4: Flash point measurement

[0396] Flash point was measured according to ASTM D93Ac standard (Cleveland open cup method).

[0397] The values ​​are shown in Table 4.

[0398] [Table 4]

[0399]

[0400] As shown in Table 4, the diesters implemented according to the present invention have particularly high flash points, especially exceeding 150°C.

[0401] Example 5: Minimum pour point measurement

[0402] The minimum pour point was measured according to ASTM D7346.

[0403] The values ​​are shown in Table 5.

[0404] [Table 5]

[0405]

[0406] Table 5 shows that the diesters implemented in this invention have very low pour points. For diesters formed from at least one alcohol selected from monoethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, the pour point can be below -20°C, or even below -25°C. Diesters A to F and H have lower pour points than the monoesters.

[0407] Therefore, the diester of the present invention has excellent cold properties.

[0408] Example 6: Volatility measurement

[0409] NOACK volatility was measured according to ASTM D6375 standard.

[0410] The values ​​are shown in Table 6.

[0411] [Table 6]

[0412]

[0413] The results in Table 6 show that the diesters implemented in this invention have particularly low NOACK volatility, especially lower than that of the monoesters.

[0414] Therefore, the diester of the present invention has excellent high temperature resistance.

[0415] Example 7: Friction coefficient measurement

[0416] Frictional properties can be tested using a rotary ball-disc tribometer (also known as a ball-plate) of the linear reciprocating friction and wear testing machine type. This test can evaluate the frictional performance of a lubricant under mixed / limiting conditions, depending on the applied load, pressure, or speed conditions.

[0417] The coefficient of friction of the lubricating composition was determined at 100°C by placing a hardened steel ball with a diameter of about 2 cm (e.g., 1.905 cm) on a hardened steel surface.

[0418] A tribometer is a device that allows relative motion between a steel ball and a steel surface, used to measure the coefficient of friction of a supplied lubricating composition while varying various properties such as speed, load, and temperature. The hardened steel surface is made of AISI 52100 and is mirror-polished; the ball is also made of AISI 52100 hardened steel.

[0419] The applied load was 25 N, and the drive speed varied from 20 mm / s to 2500 mm / s. The coefficient of friction was specifically measured at a rotational speed of 10 mm / s. This coefficient was determined based on a slip-to-roll ratio (SRR) of 5% to 100%.

[0420] Approximately 50 ml of the test lubricating composition was introduced into the device. The sphere was pressed tightly against the plane, and the sphere and the plane were driven independently, thereby producing a mixed rolling / sliding contact.

[0421] The coefficient of friction is measured and recorded using a force sensor.

[0422] The results obtained at a drive speed of 225 mm / s are shown in Table 7.

[0423] The tested lubricating composition contained 100% ester as defined in Example 1.

[0424] [Table 7]

[0425]

[0426] These results indicate that the diester implemented according to the present invention has a very low coefficient of friction, particularly a lower coefficient of friction than the monoester.

[0427] Therefore, the diester of the present invention has excellent lubricating properties, which can significantly reduce fuel consumption or extend battery life.

[0428] Example 8: Traction coefficient measurement

[0429] The coefficient of traction (COT) is measured using the MTM tribometer of the PCS instrument. This allows for the evaluation of lubricant performance from a frictional perspective under mixed / hydrodynamic conditions. The test consists of relative motion between a steel ball and a steel surface at different speeds, allowing for the definition of the slip-roll ratio (SRR), which corresponds to the sliding speed / drive speed. This test is designed to reproduce electrohydrodynamic lubrication (EHD) conditions.

[0430] The measurement conditions were: load 25 N, disk speed 1.4 m / s, evaluation temperature 100℃, and SRR of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%.

[0431] For lubricating compositions, the lower the traction coefficient, the less friction between metal parts, and thus the greater the benefit in terms of fuel economy.

[0432] The results are shown in Table 8.

[0433] [Table 8]

[0434]

[0435] These results indicate that the diesters defined in this invention have a good traction coefficient, particularly a better traction coefficient than monoesters.

[0436] The above results indicate that when the diester is prepared from at least one alcohol selected from monoethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, the diester exhibits better high-temperature resistance, improved cold properties, improved thermal properties, and improved lubrication performance.

[0437] In fact, diesters B and I are obtained from the same carboxylic acid (i.e., adipic acid) and different alcohols. The results in the table above show that diester B has lower NOACK volatility, indicating better high-temperature resistance; diester B also has a lower pour point, indicating better cold properties; and diester B has higher electrical conductivity, indicating better thermal properties.

[0438] Furthermore, in terms of lubrication performance (traction / friction), diester B has a lower coefficient of friction than diester I, which means it has better lubrication performance, resulting in significantly reduced fuel consumption or extended battery life; and regardless of SRR, its traction coefficient is also lower than that of diester I, which means that friction between metal parts is further reduced, thus gaining greater benefits in terms of fuel economy.

Claims

1. A lubricating and / or cooling composition comprising one or more diesters of Formula 1, [Chemical Formula 1] ， in R represents a straight-chain or branched divalent alkylene or alkenylene group containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms; R 1 and R 2 Each independently represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group that optionally contains one or more heteroatoms, R 1 and R 2 At least one of them contains at least one ether functional group. The diester of chemical formula 1 has a kinematic viscosity of 1 mm² / s to 6 mm² / s at 100°C.

2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein R 1 and R 2 It has one or more of the following characteristics: - R 1 and / or R 2 It contains 1 to 6 ether functional groups, preferably 1 to 4 ether functional groups, and even more preferably 1 to 3 ether functional groups; - R 1 and / or R 2 It contains 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 16 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 8 to 10 carbon atoms; - R 1 and / or R 2 Selected from formula-(CHR) 3 CH2O) n R 4 The group, wherein R 3 Represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, preferably a hydrogen atom; R 4 The alkyl group has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and is preferably selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl; and n is an integer from 1 to 4, preferably 1 to 3; - R 1 and / or R 2 Selected from CH3(CH2)3O(CH2)2-, CH3(CH2)3(OCH2CH2)2-, CH3(OCH2CH2)3- and CH3(CH2)3(OCH2CH2)3-.

3. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the group R is selected from the group -(CH2). x - where x is 2 to 8, or even more preferably, x is 4 to 7.

4. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein at least one diester of formula 1 is formed from the following two: - Two identical or different alcohols R 1 -OH and R 2 -OH, at least one of the alcohols contains at least one ether functional group, and - Dicarboxylic acids R[C(O)OH]2 containing straight or branched alkylene or alkenylene chains with 4 to 8 carbon atoms.

5. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The diester is selected from: - Diesters formed from monoethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers, diethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers, or triethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers and succinic acid. - Diesters formed from monoethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers, diethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers, or triethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers and adipic acid. - Diesters formed from monoethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers, diethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers, or triethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers and glutaric acid. - Diesters formed from monoethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers, diethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers, or triethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers and pimelic acid. - Diesters formed from monoethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers, diethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers, or triethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers and octanoic acid. - Diesters formed from monoethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers, diethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers, or triethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers and azelaic acid. - Diesters formed from monoethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers, diethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers, or triethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers and sebacic acid. The alkyl group preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

6. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the diester of formula 1 is formed from at least one alcohol selected from monoethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether and triethylene glycol monobutyl ether.

7. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the composition comprises at least 5% by weight, preferably at least 10% by weight, more preferably from 10% to 100% by weight of the diester relative to the total weight of the composition.

8. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, In addition to the diester, the composition also includes at least one additive selected from antioxidants, pour point depressants, defoamers, preservatives, anti-wear and / or extreme pressure additives, friction modifiers, detergents, dispersants, viscosity index improvers, thickeners, copper passivators, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the at least one additive is selected from viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, anti-wear additives, antioxidants, and mixtures thereof.

9. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein, relative to the total weight of the composition, the composition comprises: - 5% to 90% by weight, preferably 10% to 70% by weight, preferably 10% to 50% by weight of the diester of Formula 1, - One or more base oils different from the diester and / or one or more additives different from the diester and different from the base oil. The base oil preferably comprises 10% to 95% by weight, more preferably 30% to 90% by weight, and even more preferably 50% to 90% by weight. The additive is preferably up to 20% by weight, more preferably 0.05% to 15% by weight, more preferably 0.1% to 10% by weight, even more preferably 0.5% to 7% by weight, or even 1% to 5% by weight.

10. Use of the composition of any one of claims 1 to 9 for cooling and / or lubricating at least one element of a moving or stationary system.

11. The use according to claim 10, wherein the mobile system or stationary system is selected from heavy or light vehicles, public works machinery, energy storage systems, charging stations, chargers, data centers, 5G antennas, photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, turbines, switchgear, inverters, and medical devices, or combinations of these systems.

12. The use according to claim 10 or 11, for use in a transmission device in a heat engine and / or a speed reducer in an electric motor for lubricating and / or cooling a moving system.

13. The use according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the mobility system is a vehicle having a heat engine, the composition being used to reduce fuel consumption of the vehicle equipped with a transmission assembly, particularly a gearbox and / or differential, and being lubricated by the composition.

14. The use according to any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein the mobility system is an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle, and the composition is used to improve the efficiency of the reducer in the electric motor.

15. The use according to any one of claims 10 to 14, wherein the mobility system is an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle, and the composition is used to extend the battery life of the electric vehicle or hybrid vehicle and / or cool the battery and / or power electronic equipment of the electric vehicle or hybrid vehicle, particularly lithium-ion batteries or nickel-cadmium batteries.

Images