Straw field returning machine with number of pulverizing operations convertible

Abstract

The straw returning machine with changeable pulverizing times belongs to agricultural machinery; a plurality of bearing seats with worm gears are fixed on the frame assembly, disc type pulverizing knives are fixed on the worm gears through board type pulverizing knives, worm shafts are rotatably installed on the two opposite side plates, the worm shafts are engaged with the worm gears, driving sprockets are fixed on the worm shafts, arc-shaped through holes and screw holes I, II, III and IV are respectively formed on the two side plates, a plurality of guide columns with fixed blades are rotatably installed on the frame assembly through pin shafts, a pulverizing shaft is installed on the two side plates through a rotary center shaft, a shaft sleeve with driving and driven sprockets is rotatably sleeved on the pulverizing shaft, and a chain is detachably sleeved on the driving and driven sprockets; the machine can select one or two pulverizing operations according to the physical characteristics of crop straws or pulverizing operation requirements, has strong adaptability, wide application range, high operation efficiency and good operation quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to agricultural machinery and mainly relates to a straw crushing and returning machine. Background Technology

[0002] Because returning crushed crop straw to the field can significantly increase the humus content of the soil, form soil aggregates, improve soil morphology, and benefit crop growth and development, returning crushed crop straw to the field has become one of the main methods for the comprehensive utilization of crop straw. Currently, most crop straw crushing and returning machines use a single hammer-claw type picking and crushing roller to perform a single crushing operation on the crop straw. However, years of practical experience have revealed that due to the significant differences in the physical state of crop straw, including variations in stem thickness and strength, single-stage crushing is only suitable for some crop straw, basically meeting the crushing standards. For some crop straw, the required fineness cannot be achieved, necessitating secondary crushing. This not only results in poor applicability but also presents technical problems such as long operating cycles, low efficiency, and high operating costs. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to address the problems existing in the prior art and, in combination with the current actual needs for mechanized operation of returning crop straw to the field, to develop and design a straw returning machine with convertible crushing operations, so as to achieve the goals of strong applicability, high operating efficiency, good operating quality, and low operating cost.

[0004] The purpose of this invention is achieved as follows: Multiple bearing seats are sequentially and obliquely fixed on the inner front side of the frame assembly, between two opposing side plates. A worm gear is fixedly fitted onto the bearing seats. Multiple slat-type crushing blades are evenly distributed and fixed on the lower end face of the worm gear along the circumferential direction. Disc-type crushing blades are fixedly mounted on the lower ends of the multiple slat-type crushing blades in a conical cage-like integrated shape. A worm shaft is rotatably supported and installed on the two opposing side plates, behind the multiple bearing seats. Adjacent worms on the worm shaft have opposite helical directions. The worms on the worm shaft mesh with the worm gear. One end of the worm shaft is connected to the side transmission box. A drive sprocket is fixed on one end of the worm shaft. Circular arc-shaped through holes, screw holes II, III, I, and IV are symmetrically provided on the two corresponding side plates. A pin allows the frame assembly to rotate forward and backward at the rear end, in front of the guide plate. A guide column is suspended and installed via a hinge. Multiple fixed blades are evenly distributed and fixed on the lower side of the guide column along the axial direction. The inner end of the positioning pin passes through the arc-shaped through hole on the side plate and is inserted into the blind hole on the end face of the guide column for positioning and engagement. The locking bolt passes through the screw hole II or screw hole III on the side plate and is inserted into the locking hole on the end face of the guide column. A crushing shaft is rotatably and eccentrically supported on the two side plates, located below the front side of the guide column, via a rotation center shaft. A bushing is axially and radially positioned and circumferentially rotatable on the crushing shaft. Multiple moving blades are evenly distributed and fixed on the outside of the bushing along the axial direction. The moving blades and fixed blades are inserted and engaged in a cross-staggered manner or disengaged from each other. A driven sprocket is fixed on one end of the bushing. The chain is detachably fitted onto the driven sprocket and the driving sprocket. A locking pin passes through the screw hole I or screw hole IV on the side plate and is inserted into the blind hole on the end face of the crushing shaft for locking. This constitutes a straw returning machine with convertible crushing operations.

[0005] This invention creates a system that can convert between primary and secondary crushing structures to complete the crushing and returning of crop straw to the field, depending on the different physical states of the crop straw. It features a novel, unique, and reasonable structure, easy and convenient adjustment between primary and secondary crushing, strong applicability, high efficiency, good quality, and low cost, providing technical support for the crushing and returning of crop straw to the field. Attached Figure Description

[0006] Figure 1 This is a partial 3D cross-sectional schematic diagram of the overall structure of a straw returning machine with convertible crushing operations; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A two-dimensional diagram viewed from below; Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A two-dimensional view of the A-axis, i.e., a schematic diagram of the secondary straw crushing operation structure; Figure 4 yes Figure 1A two-dimensional view of direction A after the chain is removed, which is a schematic diagram of the straw crushing operation structure. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the side panel structure.

[0007] Part number description in the image: 1. Frame assembly; 2. Central transmission box; 3. Drive shaft; 4. Side transmission box; 5. Three-point suspension mechanism; 6. Side plate; 7. Bearing seat; 8. Worm gear; 9. Bushing; 10. Slat-type crushing blade; 11. Disc-type crushing blade; 12. Moving blade; 13. Fixed blade; 14. Drive sprocket; 15. Chain; 16. Driven sprocket; 17. Crushing shaft; 18. Locking pin; 19. Rotation center shaft; 20. Locking bolt; 21. Positioning pin; 22. Guide column; 23. Pin shaft; 24. Worm shaft; 25. Guide plate; 26. Arc-shaped through hole; 27. Screw hole II; 28. Screw hole III; 29. ​​Screw hole I; 30. Screw hole IV. Detailed Implementation

[0008] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. A straw returning machine with convertible crushing operations includes a frame assembly 1. A three-point suspension mechanism 5 is fixedly mounted on the front end of the frame assembly 1. A central transmission box 2 is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the frame assembly 1. Side plates 6 are respectively fixedly mounted on the left and right ends of the frame assembly 1. A guide plate 25 is installed on the rear end of the frame assembly 1. A side transmission box 4 is fixedly mounted on the outside of one side plate 6. A transmission shaft 3 connects the side transmission box 4 to the central transmission box 2. Multiple bearing seats 7 are fixedly mounted laterally and backward inclinedly on the inner side of the front end of the frame assembly 1 between two oppositely arranged side plates 6. A worm gear 8 is fixedly inserted. A plurality of slatted crushing blades 10 are evenly distributed and fixedly mounted on the lower end face of the worm gear 8 along the circumferential direction, mounted on the bearing housing 7. Disc-shaped crushing blades 11 are fixedly mounted on the lower ends of the plurality of slatted crushing blades 10 in a conical cage-like integrated shape. Worm shafts 24 are rotatably supported and mounted on two opposing side plates 6, located at the rear of the multiple bearing housings 7. Adjacent worms on the worm shaft 24 have opposite helical directions, and the worms on the worm shaft 24 mesh with the worm gear 8. One end of the worm shaft 24 is connected to the side transmission box 4. A drive sprocket 14 is fixedly mounted on one end of the worm shaft 24. On the two corresponding side plates 6, the drive sprockets are mutually... The side plate 6 has arc-shaped through holes 26, screw holes II 27, screw holes III 28, screw holes I 29, and screw holes IV 30 respectively. A guide column 22 is hinged and suspended at the rear end of the frame assembly 1, in front of the guide plate 25, via a pin 23, allowing it to rotate back and forth. Multiple fixed blades 13 are evenly distributed and fixed on the lower side of the guide column 22 along the axial direction. The inner end of the positioning pin 21 passes through the arc-shaped through hole 26 on the side plate 6 and is inserted into a blind hole on the end face of the guide column 22 for positioning. The locking bolt 20 passes through screw holes II 27 or III 28 on the side plate 6 and is inserted into a locking hole on the end face of the guide column 22. On the two side plates 6... A crushing shaft 17 is rotatably and eccentrically supported and installed at the lower front side of the guide column 22 via a rotation center shaft 19. A bushing 9 is axially and radially positioned and circumferentially rotatable on the crushing shaft 17. Multiple moving blades 12 are evenly distributed and fixed on the outside of the bushing 9 along the axial direction. The moving blades 12 and the fixed blades 13 are interlocked and inserted or disengaged. A driven sprocket 16 is fixed on one end of the bushing 9. A chain 15 is detachably fitted on the driven sprocket 16 and the driving sprocket 14. A locking pin 18 passes through the screw hole I 29 or screw hole IV 30 on the side plate 6 and is inserted into the blind hole on the end face of the crushing shaft 17 for locking.

[0009] During operation, the machine is suspended from the rear of the traction implement using the three-point suspension mechanism 5, and then moved forward. Before operation, select either single or double crushing based on the physical condition of the crop straw, and adjust the implement accordingly: ① Single crushing (refer to the attached diagram in the instruction manual). Figure 4After removing chain 15, rotate crushing shaft 17 around the central axis 19. Locking pin 18 passes through screw hole I 29 on side plate 6 and is inserted into blind hole on end face of crushing shaft 17 for locking. Rotate guide column 22 around pin 23. After positioning pin 21 engages with arc-shaped through hole 26 to reach lower limit, insert locking bolt 20 through screw hole III 28 on side plate 6 into locking blind hole on end face of guide column 22 for positioning. External rotational power is transmitted sequentially through central transmission box 2, transmission shaft 3, and side transmission box. 4. The worm shaft 24 and worm wheel 8 drive the slatted shredder 10 and the disc shredder 11 to rotate together, with adjacent slatted shredders 10 and disc shredders 11 rotating in opposite directions. This picks up and shreds the crop straw on the land, then throws it from the top to the rear. After the first shredding, the straw falls onto the field surface through the gap between the guide column 22, the front of the shredder shaft 17, and the slatted shredders 10 and disc shredders 11, completing the first shredding operation; ②. During the second shredding operation (refer to the instruction manual appendix...). Figure 3 The crushing shaft 17 is rotated around the central axis 19. The locking pin 18 passes through the screw hole IV 30 on the side plate 6 and is inserted into the blind hole on the end face of the crushing shaft 17 for locking and positioning. The guide column 22 is rotated around the pin 23. After the positioning pin 21 is engaged with the arc-shaped through hole 26 for limiting, the locking bolt 20 passes through the screw hole II 27 on the side plate 6 and is inserted into the locking blind hole on the end face of the guide column 22 for positioning. The chain 15 is fitted onto the driving sprocket 14 and the driven sprocket 16. At this time, the moving blade 12 on the bushing 9 and the... The fixed blades 13 on the guide column 22 are inserted in a cross-staggered manner. The rotating worm shaft 24 drives the bushing 9 to rotate synchronously through the driving sprocket 14, chain 15, and driven sprocket 16 in sequence. After the crop straw is first picked up and crushed by the slat-type crusher 10 and the disc-type crusher 11, it is thrown to the part between the guide column 22 and the bushing 9. Under the shearing action of the moving blade 12 and the fixed blade 13, it undergoes a second crushing process and is then evenly spread on the field ground with the help of the guide plate 25.

[0010] During operation, the adjacent slatted shredder 10 and disc shredder 11 rotate in opposite directions, forming a shearing and kneading operation mode, which can improve the shredding effect and quality of crop straw in the first shredding operation.

Claims

1. A straw returning machine with convertible crushing operation times, comprising a frame assembly (1), a three-point suspension mechanism (5) fixedly mounted on the front end of the frame assembly (1), a central transmission box (2) fixedly mounted on the upper end of the frame assembly (1), side plates (6) respectively fixedly mounted on the left and right ends of the frame assembly (1), a guide plate (25) mounted on the rear end of the frame assembly (1), a side transmission box (4) fixedly mounted on the outside of one side plate (6), and a transmission shaft (3) connecting the side transmission box (4) to the central transmission box (2), characterized in that: Multiple bearing seats (7) are horizontally and backward inclinedly fixed on the inner side of the front end of the frame assembly (1) between two opposing side plates (6). The worm gear (8) is fixedly inserted and fitted on the bearing seats (7). Multiple slat-type crushing blades (10) are evenly distributed and fixed on the lower end face of the worm gear (8) in the circumferential direction. The disc-type crushing blade (11) is fixed on the lower end of the multiple slat-type crushing blades (10) in a cone-cage integrated shape. The worm shaft (24) is rotatably supported and installed on the two opposing side plates (6) at the rear of the multiple bearing seats (7). The worm shaft (24) 4) The helical directions of adjacent worms are opposite. The worms on the worm shaft (24) mesh with the worm wheel (8). One end of the worm shaft (24) is connected to the side transmission box (4). A drive sprocket (14) is fixed on one side end of the worm shaft (24). Arc-shaped through holes (26), screw holes II (27), III (28), I (29), and IV (30) are symmetrically opened on the two corresponding side plates (6). The frame assembly (1) is hinged and suspended at the rear end of the frame assembly (1) in front of the guide plate (25) by a pin (23). The guide column (22) has multiple fixed blades (13) evenly distributed and fixed on the lower side of the guide column (22) along the axial direction. The inner end of the positioning pin (21) passes through the arc-shaped through hole (26) on the side plate (6) and is inserted into the blind hole on the end face of the guide column (22) for positioning and engagement. The locking bolt (20) passes through the screw hole II (27) or screw hole III (28) on the side plate (6) and is inserted into the locking hole on the end face of the guide column (22). The crushing shaft (17) is rotatably and eccentrically supported on the two side plates (6) at the lower front side of the guide column (22) by means of the rotation center shaft (19). A bushing (9) is axially and radially positioned and circumferentially rotatable on the crushing shaft (17). Multiple moving blades (12) are evenly distributed and fixed on the outside of the bushing (9) along the axial direction. The moving blades (12) and the fixed blades (13) are interlocked or disengaged. A driven sprocket (16) is fixed on one end of the bushing (9). The chain (15) is detachably mounted on the driven sprocket (16) and the driving sprocket (14). The locking pin (18) passes through the screw hole I (29) or screw hole IV (30) on the side plate (6) and is inserted into the blind hole on the end face of the crushing shaft (17) for locking.

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