Multi-station machining lathe and method for machining a sphere

Abstract

A multi-station machining lathe and a sphere machining method, wherein the multi-station machining lathe is used for turning machining of multiple spheres, and comprises a base in a rectangular structure, the base is provided with a tool adjusting mechanism, the base is provided with an upper clamping mechanism, and the base is provided with multiple lower clamping mechanisms below the upper clamping mechanism. The upper clamping mechanism and the lower clamping mechanism are used for clamping a cylindrical workpiece, and the lower clamping mechanism is used to drive the cylindrical workpiece to rotate, so that the cylindrical workpiece is machined into a spherical structure by a tool on the tool adjusting mechanism. The sphere machining method is to machine the spheres by using the multi-station machining lathe. Since multiple spheres can be machined simultaneously during machining, the machining efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of machining equipment technology, and in particular to a multi-station machining lathe and a method for machining spheres. Background Technology

[0002] The ball used in a ball valve is machined on a lathe. Currently, ball valve machining is performed using common lathes or machining centers. However, conventional lathes require operators to continuously control the feed or pre-set parameters and machining paths in the operating system to complete the machining process. This method is inefficient because it can only machine a single ball during clamping. Machining centers, on the other hand, have several drawbacks: they are more expensive, better suited for complex structural components, and can only machine one workpiece at a time. Therefore, lathes are often preferred for ball machining. However, both conventional lathes and machining centers suffer from low machining efficiency. Furthermore, each machining operation requires workpiece alignment and clamping, which demands a high degree of overlap between the workpiece's axial and rotational axes. These repeated clamping operations significantly impact the machining efficiency of the ball. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a multi-station machining lathe and a method for machining spheres, which overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art and solves the problem of low efficiency in sphere machining, thus having strong practicality.

[0004] In order to achieve the objectives of this invention, the following technologies are proposed: One aspect provides a multi-station machining lathe for turning multiple spheres. It includes a rectangular base with a tool adjusting mechanism, an upper clamping mechanism, and multiple lower clamping mechanisms located below the upper clamping mechanisms. The upper and lower clamping mechanisms are used to clamp cylindrical workpieces, and the lower clamping mechanisms drive the cylindrical workpieces to rotate, allowing the cutting tool on the tool adjusting mechanism to machine the cylindrical workpieces into spherical structures.

[0005] Furthermore, the tool adjusting mechanism includes a first linear device, the output end of which is fixed with a second linear device. The output end of the first linear device moves parallel to the width direction of the base. The output end of the first linear device is equipped with the second linear device, which moves vertically. The output end of the second linear device is fixed with a mounting front plate. A mounting arm is welded to the front side of the mounting front plate, and a movable crossbar is mounted on the mounting arm. Optionally, a rear sliding seat is fixed to the back side of the movable crossbar by screws. The rear sliding seat is slidably mounted on a vertical guide rail, and the vertical guide rail is slidably mounted on a horizontal guide rail. The horizontal guide rail is fixed to the base by structural components such as a mounting seat. A forward extension arm is fixed to the lower side of the movable crossbar. A slot is provided on the forward extension arm, and at least one pair of inner-top screws are connected to one side of the forward extension arm. A tool is provided in the slot, and the inner end of the inner-top screw abuts against the outer wall of the tool.

[0006] Furthermore, a pair of parallel transverse holes are provided at the upper and lower ends of the mounting front plate, and at least one pair of screws are inserted into the transverse holes and connected to the movable vertical plate at the output end of the second linear device by thread.

[0007] Furthermore, the upper clamping mechanism includes a vertical arm fixed to the base. Multiple insertion ports are provided on the rear side of the vertical arm. A third guide rail is fixed to the inner side of the vertical arm. A sliding sleeve is slidably mounted on the third guide rail. A middle plate is welded between each pair of sliding sleeves. A rectangular hole is provided on the middle plate. A concave insert is movably mounted in the rectangular hole. The two ends of the concave insert are respectively inserted into one of the pairs of insertion ports. A fixed screw is rotatably mounted on the middle plate. A rotating head is formed on the outer end of the fixed screw. The fixed screw is connected to the concave insert. An adjusting horizontal plate is fixed to the front end of the sliding sleeve. An installation block is fixed on the front side wall of the adjusting horizontal plate. A pair of side plates are fixed on the installation block. A third threaded seat is formed on the upper front side of each pair of side plates. A pressing screw is connected to the third threaded seat. A connecting sleeve is sleeved on the lower end of the pressing screw. A pressing head is fixed on the lower end of the connecting sleeve.

[0008] Furthermore, an annular groove is provided at the lower end of the pressure screw, and a convex ring is formed on the inner circumference of the connecting sleeve, with the convex ring embedded in the annular groove.

[0009] Furthermore, the lower end of the pressing head is formed with a pointed cone, and the lower end of the pointed cone has a pointed cone structure.

[0010] Furthermore, the lower clamping mechanism includes multiple holes formed on the base. A lower mounting base is fixed to the lower end of each hole, and a third motor is fixed to the lower end of each mounting base. A turntable is positioned directly above each hole, and each turntable has a central circular groove. The central circular groove has a T-shaped guide groove, and a pair of strip-shaped holes are formed at the bottom of the guide groove. Movable rods are movably mounted within these strip-shaped holes. A movable plate is connected to the upper end of each pair of movable rods. The movable plate is movably mounted within the guide groove, and a clamping block is formed on the upper wall of the movable plate. Each pair of movable rods... The lower end of the rod is connected to a movable lower plate. A lower extension arm is welded to the lower wall of the movable lower plate. A vertical hole is opened on the lower extension arm, and a pressure rod is movably installed in the vertical hole. Each pressure rod has a pair of L-shaped rotating arms rotatably installed at both ends. The rotating arms are located on both sides of the lower extension arm. A hinge shaft is installed at the corner of the rotating arm. A lower extension seat is rotatably installed on the hinge shaft. The upper end of the lower extension seat is fixed to the turntable. The lower extension seat is located between each pair of rotating arms. A connecting rod is installed at the lower end of each pair of rotating arms. A movable cross arm is sleeved on the connecting rod. The movable horizontal arm has a horizontal hole, through which a connecting rod passes. The movable horizontal arm is located between the rotating arms. A lower extension tube is welded to the lower wall of the turntable. Multiple moving holes are formed on the outer circumference of the lower extension tube. The inner end of the movable horizontal arm is movably disposed in the moving hole. A bearing seat passes through the hole. The lower end of the lower extension tube is connected to the inner circumference of the bearing seat. A lower plate is fixed to the lower end of the lower extension tube. A plug-in sleeve is formed on the lower side of the lower plate. The output shaft of the third motor passes through the plug-in sleeve. A movable inner plate is movably disposed inside the lower extension tube. The disc has a central hole coaxially arranged, through which a connecting screw passes. The lower end of the connecting screw is formed with a pressure sleeve with a closed upper end. A spring is installed inside the pressure sleeve. The lower end of the spring abuts against the lower disc, and the upper end of the spring abuts against the upper inner end of the pressure sleeve. Multiple limiting rods are formed at the upper end of the pressure sleeve and are inserted into the movable inner disc. A lower push post is connected to the upper end of the connecting screw. Optionally, multiple washers of different lengths are fitted on the connecting screw, and the lower end of the lower push post abuts against the upper end of the washers. The lower push post passes through the turntable.

[0011] Furthermore, a ring is fixed at each hole of the base, and the turntable is located at the upper end of the inner part of the ring.

[0012] Furthermore, the inner wall of the clamping block has an arc-shaped structure, and multiple clamping teeth are formed on the inner wall of the clamping block.

[0013] Furthermore, an arc plate is provided between two adjacent movable cross arms, and connecting end plates are formed at both ends of the arc plate. The connecting end plates are fixed to the movable cross arms by screws. The arc plate is located on the outside of the lower extension tube and is coaxially arranged.

[0014] On the other hand, a method for machining spheres is provided, which uses a multi-station machining lathe for machining, including the following steps: Step 01, workpiece pretreatment: A tapered groove is machined at one end of the cylindrical workpiece; Step 02, Initial clamping: Place the cylindrical workpiece on the lower top column; Step 03, Height Adjustment: Adjust and lock the height of the adjusting plate with the downward pressure screw installed according to the height of the cylindrical workpiece; Step 04, Alignment and Clamping: Drive the lower lead screw so that its lower cone end is embedded in the conical groove of the cylindrical workpiece to achieve alignment; Continue driving the downward screw to push the cylindrical workpiece and the lower top column downward. Drive at least two clamping blocks to move inward synchronously to hug the cylindrical workpiece from the outer periphery and rigidly clamp the cylindrical workpiece. Step 05, Start the machining system: Start the third motor that drives the cylindrical workpiece to rotate and the first and second linear devices that control the movement of the cutting tool; Step 06, Machining the upper forming ring groove: On the rotating cylindrical workpiece, the upper forming ring groove is machined by a cutting tool; Step 07, Machining the first hemisphere: Starting from the point where the upper forming ring groove is cut, the first linear device and the second linear device control the tool to feed radially away from the workpiece axis and feed axially downwards in a coordinated manner to machine the first hemisphere with end posts until the cutting edge of the tool reaches the great circle of the sphere. Step 08, Machining the second hemisphere: Taking the point where the tool lands on the great circle of the sphere as the new starting point, the tool is controlled by the first linear device and the second linear device to move in a coordinated manner to feed radially toward the workpiece axis and feed axially downwards, thus machining the second hemisphere. Step 09, Machining the lower forming ring groove: Machining the lower forming ring groove on the workpiece; Step 10, Post-processing: Remove the processed blank, remove excess structure and polish to obtain the final sphere.

[0015] The advantages of the above technical solution are: This invention automatically adjusts the Z and Y positions of multiple cutting tools simultaneously by setting a first linear device and a second linear device, thereby machining a cylindrical workpiece fixed on an upper clamping mechanism and a lower clamping mechanism into a spherical structure. With a suitable control system, the cutting tools can be automatically controlled for machining, thereby improving the degree of automation during machining. In order to improve the adjustment and machining accuracy, the first linear device and the second linear device can be selected from ball screw structures with high adjustment accuracy.

[0016] This invention, through the coarse adjustment mechanism and some components of the upper clamping mechanism, can adaptively adjust the height of the adjusting plate according to the length of the cylindrical workpiece. After adjustment, it is convenient for the operator to rotate each lower screw to achieve the purpose of limiting the upper end of the cylindrical workpiece. It also has the advantages of convenient positioning and strong stability after positioning.

[0017] This invention utilizes a lower clamping mechanism. When clamping a cylindrical workpiece, the lower clamping mechanism employs a downward pressure provided by a lower screw. This pressure causes the clamping blocks to move inward synchronously, bringing their inner walls into contact with the outer circumference of the cylindrical workpiece. The internal pressure of the clamping blocks ensures that the axial direction of the cylindrical workpiece is coaxial with the rotational axis of the third motor, achieving a centered clamping of the workpiece. A spring is also included to lift the cylindrical workpiece when the downward pressure from the lower screw disappears. During clamping, the pressure from the lower screw on the upper end of the cylindrical workpiece and the force exerted by the lower push rod on its lower end are the primary means of positioning and clamping the workpiece. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0019] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural diagram of a multi-station machining lathe is shown.

[0020] Figure 2 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the tool adjusting mechanism from a first-person perspective is shown.

[0021] Figure 3 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the tool adjusting mechanism from a second perspective is shown.

[0022] Figure 4 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the tool adjusting mechanism from a third-person perspective is shown.

[0023] Figure 5 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the upper clamping mechanism from a first-person perspective is shown.

[0024] Figure 6 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the upper clamping mechanism from a second perspective is shown.

[0025] Figure 7 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the upper clamping mechanism and the lower clamping mechanism from a first-view perspective is shown.

[0026] Figure 8 A two-dimensional structural diagram of the upper and lower clamping mechanisms from a second perspective is shown.

[0027] Figure 9 The first internal structure diagram of the lower clamping mechanism is shown.

[0028] Figure 10 A second internal structure diagram of the lower clamping mechanism is shown.

[0029] Figure 11 The third internal structure diagram of the lower clamping mechanism is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, a multi-station machining lathe includes a rectangular base 1, with multiple support legs 10 fixed to the lower side of the base 1 by screws, a tool adjusting mechanism 2 on the base 1, an upper clamping mechanism 3 on the base 1, and a lower clamping mechanism 4 on the base 1, with the lower clamping mechanism 4 located below the upper clamping mechanism 3.

[0031] like Figures 2 to 4 As shown, the tool adjusting mechanism 2 includes a long, narrow mounting plate 200 that is screwed onto the base 1. The length of the mounting plate 200 is parallel to the width of the base 1. A support bar 201 parallel to the length of the mounting plate 200 is screwed onto the mounting plate 200. A first guide rail 202 is fixed to the support bar 201 by screws. A first sliding sleeve 203 is slidably mounted on the first guide rail 202. A movable plate 206 is screwed onto the first sliding sleeve 203. A first threaded seat is screwed to the lower side of the movable plate 206. A first lead screw 205 is threaded onto the first threaded seat. Rotating end seats 204 are rotatably mounted at both ends of the first lead screw 205. The rotating end seats 204 are screwed onto the mounting plate 200. A first motor 207 is fixed to one end of the mounting plate 200 via the mounting end seat. The output shaft of the first motor 207 is connected to one end of the first lead screw 205 via a coupling. Thus, the above structure forms a first linear device.

[0032] An upper fixed plate 208 is fixed to the movable plate 206 by screws. A vertically arranged, elongated back plate is fixed to the upper fixed plate 208 by screws. A pair of ribs 209 are fixed to the back side of the back plate by screws. The ribs 209 are fixed to the upper fixed plate 208 by screws. A second guide rail 214 is fixed to the front side of the back plate by screws. The second guide rail 214 is vertically arranged. A second sliding sleeve 215 is slidably arranged on the second guide rail 214. A movable vertical plate 216 is installed on the front side of the second sliding sleeve 215 by screws. A second threaded seat is installed on the inner side of the movable vertical plate 216 by screws. The second threaded seat is fixed to the movable vertical plate 216 by screws. A second motor 212 is fixed to the upper end of the back plate by screws. The output shaft of the second motor 212 is connected to a second lead screw 213 through a coupling. The second lead screw 213 is threaded to the second threaded seat. Thus, the above structure forms a second linear device.

[0033] The working principle of the first and second linear devices is as follows: both are driven by motors to rotate their respective lead screws, and the rotation of the lead screws is used to adjust the position of their respective moving seats.

[0034] A mounting front plate 217 is fixed to the movable vertical plate 216 by screws. The mounting front plate 217 has a pair of parallel transverse holes 218 at its upper and lower ends. At least one pair of screws passes through the transverse holes 218 and is threaded to the movable vertical plate 216. A mounting arm 219 is welded to the front side of the mounting front plate 217. A movable crossbar 220 is mounted on the mounting arm 219 by screws. A forward extension arm 221 is fixed to the lower side of the movable crossbar 220 by multiple screws. A slot 222 is provided on the forward extension arm 221. At least one pair of inner top screws 223 are threaded to one side of the forward extension arm 221. A cutter is provided in the slot 222. The inner end of the inner top screw 223 abuts against the outer wall of the cutter.

[0035] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the upper clamping mechanism 3 includes a mounting base plate 300 fixed to the base 1 by screws. A vertical arm 301 with a concave structure is welded onto the mounting base plate 300. Multiple insertion slots 303 are evenly spaced along the rear side of the vertical arm 301. Third guide rails 302, arranged opposite each other, are fixed to the inner side of the vertical arm 301 by screws. Sliding sleeves 304 are slidably mounted on the third guide rails 302. A middle plate 308 is welded between each pair of sliding sleeves 304. A rectangular hole 309 is opened on the middle plate 308. A concave insert 312 is movably mounted within the rectangular hole 309. Both ends of the concave insert 312 are inserted into one of the pairs of insertion slots 303. A fixing screw 310 is rotatably mounted on the middle plate 308. A rotating head 311 is formed on the outer end of the fixing screw 310. The fixing screw 310 is threadedly connected to the concave insert 312. The front end of the sliding sleeve 304 is fixed by screws. An adjusting horizontal plate 305 is provided. A mounting block 313 is fixed to the front wall of the adjusting horizontal plate 305 by screws. A pair of side plates 314 are fixed to the mounting block 313 by bolts. A third threaded seat 315 is formed on the upper front end of each pair of side plates 314. A downward pressing screw 316 is threaded onto the third threaded seat 315. An annular groove is formed at the lower end of the downward pressing screw 316. A pair of symmetrical connecting sleeves 3 are fitted onto the lower end of the downward pressing screw 316. 17. A convex ring is formed on the inner circumference of the connecting sleeve 317, and the convex ring is embedded in the ring groove. The lower end of the connecting sleeve 317 is fixed with a lower pressure head 318 by screws. The lower end of the lower pressure head 318 is formed with a pointed cone head 319. The lower end of the pointed cone head 319 has a pointed cone structure. Matchingly, the upper end of the cylindrical part to be processed has a pointed cone groove. The upper end of the lower pressure screw 316 is welded with an upper plate 320. The upper plate 320 is eccentrically rotatably provided with a handle 321.

[0036] like Figure 7 and Figure 11As shown, the lower clamping mechanism 4 includes multiple holes formed on the base 1. A lower mounting base 400 is fixed to the lower end of each hole by screws. A third motor 401 is fixed to the lower end of each lower mounting base 400 by screws. A ring 402 is concentrically fixed to each hole of the base 1 by screws. A turntable 403 is rotatably mounted on the upper end of the ring 402. A central circular groove 404 is opened on the upper wall of the turntable 403. A T-shaped guide groove 405 extends outward from the circumference of the central circular groove 404. A pair of strip-shaped holes 406 parallel to the length direction of the guide groove 405 are opened at the bottom of the guide groove 405. A movable rod 407 is movably mounted within the strip-shaped holes 406. A movable plate 408 is threadedly connected to the upper end of each pair of movable rods 407. The movable plate 408 is movably mounted... Located within the guide groove 405, the upper wall of the movable plate 408 is formed with a clamping block 409. The inner wall of the clamping block 409 has an arc-shaped structure, and multiple clamping teeth 410 are formed on the inner wall of the clamping block 409. The lower end of each pair of movable rods 407 is connected to a movable lower plate 416 by threads. The lower wall of the movable lower plate 416 is welded with a lower extension arm 417. The lower extension arm 417 has a vertically arranged vertical hole 418. A pressure rod 419 is movably installed in the vertical hole 418. Each pressure rod 419 has a pair of L-shaped rotating arms 420 rotatably installed at both ends. The rotating arms 420 are located on both sides of the lower extension arm 417. A hinge shaft 421 is installed at the corner of the rotating arm 420. A lower extension seat 422 is rotatably installed on the hinge shaft 421. The upper end of the lower extension seat 422 is connected by a screw... A nail is fixed to the lower wall of the turntable 403. A lower extension seat 422 is located between each pair of rotating arms 420. A connecting rod 423 passes through the lower end of each pair of rotating arms 420. A movable cross arm 424 is sleeved on the connecting rod 423. The movable cross arm 424 is arranged horizontally. A horizontal hole 425 is opened on the movable cross arm 424. The connecting rod 423 passes through the horizontal hole 425. The movable cross arm 424 is located between the rotating arms 420. A lower extension tube 411 is welded to the lower wall of the turntable 403. Multiple moving holes 412 are opened on the outer periphery of the lower extension tube 411. The inner end of the movable cross arm 424 is movably disposed in the moving hole 412. An arc plate 426 is provided between two adjacent movable cross arms 424. Connecting end plates 427 are formed at both ends of the arc plate 426. 427 is fixed to the movable cross arm 424 with screws. The arc plate 426 is located outside the lower extension tube 411 and is coaxially arranged. A bearing seat 413 is inserted through the hole. The upper end of the bearing seat 413 is fixed to the base 1 with screws. The lower end of the lower extension tube 411 is connected to the inner circumference of the bearing seat 413. The lower end of the lower extension tube 411 is fixed to the lower plate 414 with screws. A plug sleeve 415 is formed on the lower side of the lower plate 414. The output shaft of the third motor 401 passes through the plug sleeve 415 and is connected by a key. A movable inner plate 428 is movably arranged inside the lower extension tube 411. The upper and lower ends of the movable inner plate 428 are respectively provided with mounting slots. The inner end of the movable cross arm 424 has a concave structure and is inserted into the mounting slot.The movable inner plate 428 is fixed by bolts. A central hole is coaxially formed on the movable inner plate 428, through which a connecting screw passes. The lower end of the connecting screw has a pressure sleeve 429 with a closed upper end. A spring 430 is installed inside the pressure sleeve 429. The lower end of the spring 430 abuts against the lower plate 414, and the upper end of the spring 430 abuts against the upper inner end of the pressure sleeve 429. Multiple limiting rods are formed on the upper end of the pressure sleeve 429, and these limiting rods are inserted into the movable inner plate 428. A lower push post 431 is threadedly connected to the upper end of the connecting screw. Optionally, multiple washers of different lengths are fitted onto the connecting screw, and the lower end of the lower push post 431 abuts against the upper end of the washers. The lower push post 431 passes through the turntable 403.

[0037] When machining a sphere using the multi-station machining lathe described above, the following steps are taken: Step 01: A tapered groove matching the taper of the pointed cone head 319 is machined at one end of each cylindrical workpiece using a lathe.

[0038] Step 02: Place each cylindrical workpiece on the lower top post 431. When placing it, it is necessary to ensure the coaxiality between the lower top post 431 and the cylindrical workpiece as much as possible.

[0039] Step 03: Adjust the height of the adjusting plate 305 according to the height of the cylindrical workpiece. During adjustment, rotate the fixing screw 310. When the fixing screw 310 rotates, the concave insert 312 will move out of the socket 303. Then, adjust the height of the adjusting plate 305 vertically. During adjustment, the effective length of the threaded section of the lower pressure screw 316 is equal to the movable length of the lower top column 431. That is, when the third threaded seat 315 and the upper end of the threaded section of the lower pressure screw 316 are engaged, the inner wall of the clamping block 409 abuts against the outer periphery of the cylindrical workpiece. When the height adjustment of the adjusting plate 305 is completed, rotate the fixing screw 310 again so that the concave insert 312 is inserted into the corresponding socket 303.

[0040] Step 04: Rotate the lowering screw 316 to move the pointed cone 319 downwards. First, the outer circumference of the pointed cone 319 abuts against the inner circumference of the conical groove. When the pointed cone and the conical groove abut, the cylindrical workpiece is automatically aligned, ensuring axial alignment of the cylindrical workpiece, the lowering screw 316, the lower push column 431, and the third motor 401. Continue rotating the lowering screw 316, causing the pointed cone 319 to push the cylindrical workpiece downwards. During this movement, the lower push column 431 also moves downwards, and the movable inner disc 428 moves downwards as well. The downward movement of the movable inner disc 428 will... The following occurs: First, the spring 430 is compressed; second, the movable horizontal arm 424 moves downward. When the movable horizontal arm 424 moves downward, the inner wall of the horizontal hole 425 on it will act on the connecting rod 423, thereby causing each pair of rotating arms 420 to rotate around the axial direction of the hinge shaft 421. When the rotating arm 420 rotates, its lower end will rotate outward, and its upper end will rotate inward. Through the rotation of the rotating arm 420, the pressure rod 419 will abut against the inner wall of the vertical hole 418, thereby causing the lower extension arm 417 to drive the clamping block 409 to move inward synchronously, and finally causing the inner wall of the clamping block 409 to abut against the outer periphery of the cylindrical workpiece. At this time, the cylindrical workpiece will be constrained and fixed.

[0041] Step 05: Start the first motor 207 and the second motor 212 to bring the cutting edge of the tool into contact with the outer periphery of the cylindrical workpiece, and the height of the cutting edge of the tool is greater than the diameter of the sphere.

[0042] Step 06: Start the third motor 401. Driven by the third motor 401, the constrained cylindrical workpiece rotates. During the rotation, the first motor 207 and the second motor 212 drive the cutter to move gradually along the axis of the cylindrical workpiece and downward, thereby machining the upper forming ring groove on the cylindrical workpiece.

[0043] Step 07: Starting from the cutting point of the formed annular groove, the sphere is machined. During the machining process, the tool gradually moves away from the axis of the cylindrical workpiece under the drive of the first motor 207. Simultaneously, the tool moves downward under the drive of the second motor 212 and machines a hemispherical structure with an end post on the cylindrical workpiece, so that the cutting edge of the tool is located at the large circle of the sphere, and the surface where the large circle of the sphere is located is a surface parallel to the base 1.

[0044] Step 08: Starting from the point where the tool lands on the larger circle of the sphere, process the other half of the sphere. During processing, the tool gradually approaches the axial direction of the cylindrical workpiece under the drive of the first motor 207. Simultaneously, the tool moves downward under the drive of the second motor 212 and processes the other half of the sphere structure.

[0045] Step 09: Starting from the cutting point of the other hemisphere structure, machine a lower forming ring groove with the same diameter as the upper forming ring groove on the cylindrical workpiece.

[0046] Step 10: Remove the processed structure, cut off the excess structural parts on the sphere, and process it into a sphere by grinding or other methods.

[0047] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A multi-station machining lathe, characterized in that, For turning multiple spheres, it includes a rectangular base (1), a tool adjusting mechanism (2) on the base (1), an upper clamping mechanism (3) on the base (1), and multiple lower clamping mechanisms (4) on the base (1), with the lower clamping mechanisms (4) located below the upper clamping mechanism (3); The upper clamping mechanism (3) and the lower clamping mechanism (4) are used to clamp the cylindrical workpiece, and the lower clamping mechanism (4) is used to drive the cylindrical workpiece to rotate so that the cylindrical workpiece can be processed into a spherical structure by the tool on the tool adjusting mechanism (2). The tool adjusting mechanism (2) includes a first linear device, and a second linear device is fixed to the output end of the first linear device. The output end of the first linear device moves in a direction parallel to the width direction of the base (1). The output end of the second linear device moves in a vertical direction. A mounting front plate (217) is fixed to the output end of the second linear device. A mounting arm (219) is welded to the front side of the mounting front plate (217). A movable crossbar (220) is mounted on the mounting arm (219). A forward extension arm (221) is fixed to the lower side of the movable crossbar (220). A slot (222) is provided on the forward extension arm (221). At least one pair of inner top screws (223) are connected to one side of the forward extension arm (221). A tool is provided in the slot (222). The inner end of the inner top screw (223) abuts against the outer wall of the tool. The upper clamping mechanism (3) includes a vertical arm (301) fixed on the base (1). Multiple insertion ports (303) are provided on the rear side of the vertical arm (301). A third guide rail (302) is fixed on the inner side of the vertical arm (301). A sliding sleeve (304) is slidably provided on the third guide rail (302). A middle plate (308) is welded between each pair of sliding sleeves (304). A rectangular hole (309) is provided on the middle plate (308). A concave insert (312) is movably provided in the rectangular hole (309). The two ends of the concave insert (312) are respectively inserted into one of the pairs of insertion ports (303). A fixing screw (310) is rotatably provided on the middle plate (308). A rotating head (311) is formed on the outer end of the fixed screw (310). The fixed screw (310) is connected to the concave insert (312). An adjusting plate (305) is fixed at the front end of the sliding sleeve (304). An installation block (313) is fixed on the front side wall of the adjusting plate (305). A pair of side plates (314) are fixed on the installation block (313). A third thread seat (315) is formed on the upper front side of each pair of side plates (314). A pressing screw (316) is connected to the third thread seat (315). A connecting sleeve (317) is sleeved on the lower end of the pressing screw (316). A pressing head (318) is fixed on the lower end of the connecting sleeve (317). The lower clamping mechanism (4) includes multiple holes opened on the base (1). A lower mounting base (400) is fixed at the lower end of each hole. A third motor (401) is fixed at the lower end of the lower mounting base (400). A turntable (403) is provided directly above each hole. A central circular groove (404) is opened on the turntable (403). A T-shaped guide groove (405) is opened on the central circular groove (404). A pair of strip holes (406) are opened at the bottom of the guide groove (405). A movable rod (407) is movably installed in the strip hole (406). A movable plate (408) is connected to the upper end of each pair of movable rods (407). The movable plate (408) is movably installed in the guide groove (405). A clamping block (408) is formed on the upper wall of the movable plate (408). 09), the lower end of each pair of movable rods (407) is connected to a movable lower plate (416), the lower wall of the movable lower plate (416) is welded with a lower extension arm (417), a vertical hole (418) is opened on the lower extension arm (417), a pressure rod (419) is movably installed in the vertical hole (418), and a pair of L-shaped rotating arms (420) are rotatably installed at both ends of each pressure rod (419). The rotating arms (420) are located on both sides of the lower extension arm (417), and a hinge shaft (421) is installed at the corner of the rotating arm (420). A lower extension seat (422) is rotatably installed on the hinge shaft (421). The upper end of the lower extension seat (422) is fixed to the turntable (403). The lower extension seat (422) is located between each pair of rotating arms (420). A connecting rod (423) is inserted through the lower end of the rotating arm (420). A movable cross arm (424) is fitted on the connecting rod (423). A transverse hole (425) is opened on the movable cross arm (424). The connecting rod (423) passes through the transverse hole (425). The movable cross arm (424) is located between the rotating arms (420). A lower extension tube (411) is welded to the lower wall of the turntable (403). Multiple moving holes (412) are opened on the outer periphery of the lower extension tube (411). The inner end of the movable cross arm (424) is movably disposed in the moving hole (412). A bearing seat (413) is inserted through the hole. The lower end of the lower extension tube (411) is connected to the inner periphery of the bearing seat (413). A lower plate (414) is fixed to the lower end of the lower extension tube (411). The lower plate (414) has a plug sleeve (415) formed on its lower side. The output shaft of the third motor (401) passes through the plug sleeve (415). The lower extension tube (411) has a movable inner plate (428) that is movably provided. The movable inner plate (428) has a central hole coaxially opened on its upper side. A connecting screw passes through the central hole. The lower end of the connecting screw has a pressure sleeve (429) with a closed upper end. A spring (430) is provided inside the pressure sleeve (429). The lower end of the spring (430) abuts against the lower plate (414), and the upper end of the spring (430) abuts against the upper inner end of the pressure sleeve (429). The upper end of the pressure sleeve (429) has multiple limiting rods formed. The limiting rods are inserted into the movable inner plate (428). The upper end of the connecting screw is connected to a lower top column (431).

2. The multi-station machining lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front plate (217) has a pair of parallel horizontal holes (218) at its upper and lower ends. At least one pair of screws are inserted into the horizontal holes (218) and connected to the movable vertical plate (216) on the output end of the second linear device by thread.

3. The multi-station machining lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower end of the pressure screw (316) is provided with an annular groove, and the inner circumference of the connecting sleeve (317) is formed with a convex ring, which is embedded in the annular groove.

4. The multi-station machining lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower end of the pressure head (318) is formed with a pointed cone head (319), and the lower end of the pointed cone head (319) has a pointed cone structure.

5. The multi-station machining lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that, A ring (402) is fixed at each hole of the base (1), and the turntable (403) is rotatably located at the upper end of the inside of the ring (402).

6. The multi-station machining lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the clamping block (409) has an arc-shaped structure, and multiple clamping teeth (410) are formed on the inner wall of the clamping block (409).

7. A method for processing a sphere, characterized in that, Machining is performed using a multi-station machining lathe as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the following steps: Step 01, workpiece pretreatment: A tapered groove is machined at one end of the cylindrical workpiece; Step 02, initial clamping: Place the cylindrical workpiece on the lower top column (431); Step 03, Height Adjustment: Adjust and lock the height of the adjusting plate (305) with the downward pressure screw (316) installed according to the height of the cylindrical workpiece; Step 04, Alignment and Clamping: Drive the lower pressure screw (316) so that the lower pressure head (318) at its lower end is embedded in the conical groove of the cylindrical workpiece to achieve alignment; Continue to drive the lower screw (316) to push the cylindrical workpiece and the lower top column (431) to move down. Drive at least two clamping blocks (409) to move inward synchronously to hug the cylindrical workpiece from the outer periphery and rigidly clamp the cylindrical workpiece. Step 05, Start the machining system: Start the third motor (401) that drives the cylindrical workpiece to rotate and the first and second linear devices that control the movement of the cutting tool; Step 06, Machining the upper forming ring groove: On the rotating cylindrical workpiece, the upper forming ring groove is machined by a cutting tool; Step 07, Machining the first hemisphere: Starting from the point where the upper forming ring groove is cut, the first linear device and the second linear device control the tool to feed radially away from the workpiece axis and feed axially downwards in a coordinated manner to machine the first hemisphere with end posts until the cutting edge of the tool reaches the great circle of the sphere. Step 08, Machining the second hemisphere: Taking the point where the tool lands on the great circle of the sphere as the new starting point, the tool is controlled by the first linear device and the second linear device to move in a coordinated manner to feed radially toward the workpiece axis and feed axially downwards, thus machining the second hemisphere. Step 09, Machining the lower forming ring groove: Machining the lower forming ring groove on the workpiece; Step 10, Post-processing: Remove the processed blank, remove excess structure and polish to obtain the final sphere.

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