A method, apparatus, equipment, and medium for evaluating the machinability of materials.

Abstract

This invention discloses a method, apparatus, equipment, and medium for evaluating the cutting performance of materials. The method includes: under the condition that the test state is met between the fixed equipment and the material to be tested, controlling the milling cutter of the milling machine to mill the material to be tested along the feed direction perpendicular to the material to be tested according to preset milling parameters, so that a milled surface is formed on the material to be tested; controlling the force measuring device to monitor the actual milling force applied by the milling cutter to the material to be tested during the milling process; controlling the surface roughness detection device to detect the milled surface and obtain the actual surface roughness; and evaluating the cutting performance of the material to be tested based on the actual milling force, the actual surface roughness, and preset indicators. It can be seen that by integrating milling machining, real-time force measurement, and surface roughness detection, a comprehensive evaluation system with multiple indicators is constructed, which can simultaneously quantify and analyze the cutting force and the quality of the machined surface, thereby simply, quickly, comprehensively, and objectively reflecting the cutting performance of the material.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of materials processing, and more particularly to a method, apparatus, equipment, and medium for evaluating the cutting performance of materials. Background Technology

[0002] Machinability is a key indicator for evaluating a material. However, existing evaluation systems rely on numerous quantitative indicators, often resulting in subjective judgments based solely on factors like difficulty in machining and poor machinability, lacking objective and quantifiable evidence. Therefore, how to quickly assess the machinability of materials is a pressing technical problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a method, apparatus, device, and medium for evaluating the cutting performance of materials, which solves the technical problem of the complex evaluation of material cutting performance in the prior art and achieves the technical effect of rapidly evaluating the cutting performance of materials.

[0004] In a first aspect, this application provides a method for evaluating the machinability of materials, wherein a force measuring device is disposed on the working surface of a milling machine, and a fixing device is disposed on the upper surface of the force measuring device, the method comprising:

[0005] When the test conditions are met between the fixed equipment and the material to be tested, the milling cutter of the milling machine is controlled to mill the material to be tested along the feed direction perpendicular to the material to be tested according to the preset milling parameters, so that a milled surface is formed on the material to be tested;

[0006] Control the force measuring equipment to monitor the actual milling force applied by the milling cutter to the material under test during the milling process;

[0007] The surface roughness is measured by a roughness testing device to obtain the actual surface roughness.

[0008] The cutting performance of the material under test is evaluated based on the actual milling force, actual surface roughness, and preset indicators.

[0009] In some embodiments of this application, based on the foregoing scheme, the preset milling parameters are obtained through the following steps:

[0010] Obtain the material dimension parameters of the material to be tested and the milling cutter dimension parameters;

[0011] Determine the preset milling parameters based on the material size parameters and the milling cutter size parameters.

[0012] In some embodiments of this application, based on the foregoing scheme, preset milling parameters are determined according to material size parameters and milling cutter size parameters, including:

[0013] Determine the depth of cut based on the material length in the material dimension parameters;

[0014] The depth of cut and feed per tooth are determined based on the milling cutter diameter in the milling cutter size parameters; the preset milling parameters include the depth of cut, the depth of cut, and the feed per tooth.

[0015] In some embodiments of this application, based on the aforementioned scheme, controlling the milling cutter of the milling machine to mill the material to be tested along a feed direction perpendicular to the material to be tested according to preset milling parameters, so that a milled surface is formed on the material to be tested, including:

[0016] Control the milling cutter to mill the material under test along the feed direction perpendicular to the material under test according to the preset milling parameters, so that at least radial milling surface and axial milling surface are formed on the material under test;

[0017] The width of the radial milling surface matches the side depth of cut in the preset milling parameters, and the depth of the axial milling surface matches the back depth of cut in the preset milling parameters; the milling surface includes the radial milling surface and the axial milling surface.

[0018] In some embodiments of this application, based on the aforementioned scheme, controlling a roughness detection device to detect the milled surface and obtain the actual roughness includes:

[0019] The surface roughness testing equipment is controlled to test the milled surface a preset number of times, and a surface roughness test value is obtained in each test process;

[0020] The average value of multiple milled surface roughness test values ​​is taken as the actual roughness.

[0021] In some embodiments of this application, based on the aforementioned scheme, the cutting performance of the material under test is evaluated according to the actual milling force, actual surface roughness, and preset indicators, including:

[0022] The milling force weighting factor and surface roughness weighting factor are determined based on the intended use of the material to be tested.

[0023] The milling force evaluation index is obtained by comparing the actual milling force with the preset milling force in the preset index.

[0024] The roughness evaluation index is obtained by comparing the actual roughness with the preset roughness in the preset index.

[0025] The cutting performance of the material under test is evaluated based on the roughness weighting coefficient, the milling force evaluation index, and the roughness evaluation index.

[0026] In some embodiments of this application, based on the foregoing scheme, the preset index is obtained through the following steps:

[0027] When the test conditions are met between the fixed equipment and the standard material, the milling cutter is controlled to mill the standard material along the feed direction perpendicular to the standard material according to the preset milling parameters, so that a standard milling surface is formed on the standard material;

[0028] The control force measuring device monitors the milling force applied by the milling cutter to the standard material during the milling process as the preset milling force;

[0029] The roughness of the control roughness testing equipment is used to test the roughness of the standard milled surface as the preset roughness; the preset indicators include the preset milling force and the preset roughness.

[0030] Secondly, this application provides a material cutting performance evaluation device, wherein a force measuring device is arranged on the working surface of a milling machine, and a fixing device is arranged on the upper surface of the force measuring device, the device comprising:

[0031] The milling control module is used to control the milling cutter of the milling machine to mill the material under test along the feed direction perpendicular to the material under test according to preset milling parameters, so that a milled surface is formed on the material under test, provided that the test conditions are met between the fixed equipment and the material under test.

[0032] The milling force monitoring module is used to control the force measuring equipment to monitor the actual milling force applied by the milling cutter to the material under test during the milling process;

[0033] The surface roughness detection module is used to control the surface roughness detection equipment to detect the milled surface and obtain the actual surface roughness;

[0034] The performance evaluation module is used to evaluate the cutting performance of the material under test based on the actual milling force, actual surface roughness, and preset indicators.

[0035] Thirdly, this application provides an electronic device, comprising:

[0036] processor;

[0037] Memory used to store processor-executable instructions;

[0038] The processor is configured to execute a material cutting performance evaluation method as provided in the first aspect.

[0039] Fourthly, this application provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that, when the instructions in the storage medium are executed by the processor of an electronic device, enables the electronic device to perform a material cutting performance evaluation method as provided in the first aspect.

[0040] One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0041] This application provides a method for evaluating the cutting performance of a material. The method includes: under the condition that the test conditions are met between the fixed equipment and the material to be tested, controlling the milling cutter of the milling machine to mill the material to be tested along the feed direction perpendicular to the material to be tested according to preset milling parameters, so that a milled surface is formed on the material to be tested; controlling the force measuring device to monitor the actual milling force applied by the milling cutter to the material to be tested during the milling process; controlling the roughness detection device to detect the milled surface and obtain the actual roughness; and evaluating the cutting performance of the material to be tested based on the actual milling force, the actual roughness, and the preset index.

[0042] As can be seen, this application's embodiments, by integrating milling, real-time force measurement, and surface roughness detection, construct a comprehensive evaluation system with multiple indicators working in tandem. This system can simultaneously quantify and analyze cutting force and machined surface quality, thereby comprehensively and objectively reflecting the material's machinability. Compared to traditional evaluation methods that rely solely on subjective experience or individual parameters, this application employs a standardized clamping scheme, preset milling parameters, and a stable testing process. This enables simultaneous online measurement of the cutting force and surface roughness of the test sample, greatly improving the reliability and completeness of the test results. Furthermore, it exhibits good repeatability and comparability, significantly reducing interference from human factors, and is suitable for rapid performance comparison and screening of steels from different batches and with different compositions. Attached Figure Description

[0043] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0044] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a milling machine provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 2 A schematic flowchart illustrating a method for evaluating the machinability of materials provided in this application embodiment;

[0046] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a fixing device for holding a material to be tested, provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0047] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another fixing device for clamping the material to be tested, provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0048] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a milled surface on a material to be tested, provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0049] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a material cutting performance evaluation device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0050] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0051] In the above diagram: 101, working surface of the milling machine; 102, force measuring device; 103, fixed device; 104, material to be measured; 105, milling cutter; 21, radial milling surface; 22, axial milling surface. Detailed Implementation

[0052] This application provides a method for evaluating the cutting performance of materials, which solves the technical problem of the complexity of evaluating the cutting performance of materials in the prior art.

[0053] The technical solution of this application embodiment is to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, and the general idea is as follows:

[0054] This application provides a method for evaluating the cutting performance of a material. The method includes: under the condition that the test conditions are met between the fixed equipment and the material to be tested, controlling the milling cutter of the milling machine to mill the material to be tested along the feed direction perpendicular to the material to be tested according to preset milling parameters, so that a milled surface is formed on the material to be tested; controlling the force measuring device to monitor the actual milling force applied by the milling cutter to the material to be tested during the milling process; controlling the roughness detection device to detect the milled surface and obtain the actual roughness; and evaluating the cutting performance of the material to be tested based on the actual milling force, the actual roughness, and the preset index.

[0055] As can be seen, this application's embodiments, by integrating milling, real-time force measurement, and surface roughness detection, construct a comprehensive evaluation system with multiple indicators working in tandem. This system can simultaneously quantify and analyze cutting force and machined surface quality, thereby comprehensively and objectively reflecting the material's machinability. Compared to traditional evaluation methods that rely solely on subjective experience or individual parameters, this application employs a standardized clamping scheme, preset milling parameters, and a stable testing process. This enables simultaneous online measurement of the cutting force and surface roughness of the test sample, greatly improving the reliability and completeness of the test results. Furthermore, it exhibits good repeatability and comparability, significantly reducing interference from human factors, and is suitable for rapid performance comparison and screening of steels from different batches and with different compositions.

[0056] To better understand the above technical solutions, the following will provide a detailed explanation of the technical solutions in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0057] First, it should be clarified that the term "and / or" in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0058] The machinability of steel is a key indicator for evaluating its ease of machining, typically involving factors such as tool life, cutting force, surface finish, and chip morphology. In product development and material selection, the numerous quantitative indicators relied upon by existing evaluation systems, coupled with the complexity and high cost of cutting tests, often make it difficult to conduct systematic and accurate testing. This often leads to reliance on subjective judgments based on factors like difficulty in machining and poor machinability, lacking objective and quantifiable evidence.

[0059] Currently, although various force gauges are used in machining equipment such as lathes to achieve quantitative measurement of cutting forces, turning processes are limited by workpiece size, especially in slender round bars with a diameter of less than 20 mm, which are widely used in steel products. On the other hand, while drilling can accommodate even smaller materials and obtain force data during the drilling process, it cannot simultaneously provide a quantitative evaluation of the surface roughness of the machined surface, thus making it difficult to comprehensively reflect the overall cutting performance of the material.

[0060] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides a method for evaluating the cutting performance of materials, which is compatible with a milling machine provided in this application.

[0061] First, we introduce a milling machine provided in an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 1 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a milling machine according to an embodiment of this application, including a milling cutter 105, a material to be tested 104, a fixing device 103, a force measuring device 102, and a working surface 101 of the milling machine. The force measuring device 102 is provided on the working surface 101 of the milling machine, and the fixing device 103 is provided on the upper surface of the force measuring device 102. The material to be tested 104 is fixed in the fixing device 103.

[0062] During the cutting process of the milling cutter 105 on the material 104 under test, the milling force applied by the milling cutter 105 to the material 104 under test is equal to the pressure applied by the fixed device 103 to the force measuring device 102. Since the milling force applied by the milling cutter 105 to the material 104 under test and the milling resistance generated by the material 104 under test on the milling cutter are a pair of action and reaction forces, the milling resistance can be reflected by the detection value of the force measuring device 102, thereby evaluating the cutting performance of the material 104 under test. The larger the detection value of the force measuring device 102, the more difficult it is to cut the material 104 under test; the smaller the detection value, the easier it is to cut the material 104 under test.

[0063] After describing the milling machine provided in the embodiments of this application above, the following description continues with a method for evaluating the cutting performance of materials provided in the embodiments of this application. For example... Figure 2 The diagram shown is a flowchart of a material cutting performance evaluation method provided in an embodiment of this application, including steps S1-S4.

[0064] Step S1: When the test conditions are met between the fixed device 103 and the test material 104, the milling cutter 105 of the milling machine is controlled to mill the test material 104 along the feed direction perpendicular to the test material 104 according to the preset milling parameters, so that a milled surface is formed on the test material 104.

[0065] Step S2: Control the force measuring device 102 to monitor the actual milling force applied by the milling cutter 105 to the material to be measured 104 during the milling process;

[0066] Step S3: Control the roughness detection equipment to detect the milled surface and obtain the actual roughness;

[0067] Step S4: Evaluate the cutting performance of the material 104 under test based on the actual milling force, actual surface roughness, and preset indicators.

[0068] Regarding step S1, when the test conditions are met between the fixed device 103 and the test material 104, the milling cutter 105 of the milling machine is controlled to mill the test material 104 along the feed direction perpendicular to the test material 104 according to the preset milling parameters, so that a milled surface is formed on the test material 104.

[0069] The test state refers to a series of pre-set conditions and preparations that must be met before the formal commencement of milling to ensure the scientific rigor, accuracy, and safety of the test. The test state includes the fixing device 103 securely fixing the test material 104. For example, the clamping length between the fixing device 103 and the test material 104 is greater than twice the side depth of cut in the preset milling parameters, and the amount by which the test material 104 extends beyond the fixing device 103 is equal to the sum of the back depth of cut in the preset milling parameters and the preset error (0.5mm-1.5mm). For example, Figure 3 and Figure 4 The following diagrams illustrate the fixing states of the fixing device 103 on the material 104 to be tested. Figure 3 The material to be tested 104 is held in place by a V-groove located inside the fixed device 103. Figure 4 exist Figure 3 Based on the above, a block structure was added, and the material to be tested 104 was clamped by the V-shaped groove on the inner side of the block structure.

[0070] Preset milling parameters refer to the machine tool operating parameters that are pre-set according to the milling cutter 105, the material to be tested 104, and the purpose of the test before milling begins. For example, preset milling parameters include at least one of the following: milling cutter speed, feed rate, depth of cut, side depth of cut, and feed per tooth.

[0071] Furthermore, the preset milling parameters are obtained through steps S111-S112:

[0072] Step S111: Obtain the material dimension parameters of the material to be tested 104 and the milling cutter dimension parameters of the milling cutter 105;

[0073] Step S112: Determine the preset milling parameters based on the material size parameters and the milling cutter size parameters.

[0074] Regarding step S111, the material dimension parameters of the material to be tested 104 and the milling cutter dimension parameters of the milling cutter 105 are obtained.

[0075] Material dimension parameters refer to the geometric dimensions of the material 104 to be measured, which can be used to determine the clamping method, calculate cutting parameters, and ensure machining feasibility. For example, material dimension parameters include the length and diameter of the material 104 to be measured.

[0076] The milling cutter dimension parameters refer to the geometric dimensions of the milling cutter 105 itself, used to calculate milling parameters. For example, the milling cutter dimension parameters include the milling cutter diameter and the number of teeth.

[0077] Regarding step S112, the preset milling parameters are determined based on the material size parameters and the milling cutter size parameters, including: determining the depth of cut based on the material length in the material size parameters; determining the depth of cut and feed per tooth based on the milling cutter diameter in the milling cutter size parameters; the preset milling parameters include the depth of cut, the depth of cut, and the feed per tooth.

[0078] Depth of cut is the cutting depth measured along the axis of the milling cutter. It is the depth to which the tool penetrates the workpiece in a single cut (e.g., 5mm-10mm).

[0079] Depth of cut is the width of the cutting layer measured along a direction perpendicular to the milling cutter axis. In other words, it's the radial contact width between the tool and the workpiece during a single cut. For example, the depth of cut is equal to half the diameter of the milling cutter.

[0080] Feed per tooth refers to the relative displacement of the workpiece and the milling cutter 105 in the feed direction for each tooth that the milling cutter 105 rotates. It directly determines the chip thickness cut by each tooth and is one of the key parameters affecting milling force, tool life, and surface finish. Too much feed per tooth will lead to excessive cutting force and chipping; too little feed per tooth will cause the milling cutter 105 to rub rather than cut, accelerating tool wear. For example, the feed per tooth can be determined according to Table 1.

[0081] Table 1. Correspondence between milling cutter diameter and feed per tooth

[0082]

[0083] Furthermore, the milling cutter can be controlled to mill the material 104 to be tested along a feed direction perpendicular to the material 104 to be tested according to preset milling parameters, so that at least a radial milling surface 21 and an axial milling surface 22 are formed on the material 104 to be tested. The width of the radial milling surface 21 matches the side depth of cut in the preset milling parameters, and the depth of the axial milling surface 22 matches the back depth of cut in the preset milling parameters; the milling surfaces include the radial milling surface 21 and the axial milling surface 22.

[0084] The feed direction perpendicular to the material to be measured 104 refers to the direction in which the milling cutter moves along the workpiece during the cutting process, in addition to the main motion of high-speed rotation, in order to continuously remove material.

[0085] A milled surface refers to the newly formed machined surface on the workpiece surface after the milling cutter cuts the workpiece. It is understood that in this embodiment, a single milling operation (one pass) can be performed on a corner or a step edge of the material 104 to be tested. This milling operation simultaneously processes the side and top surfaces of the workpiece, thus generating two mutually perpendicular machined surfaces (i.e., radial milling surface 21 and axial milling surface 22) in one operation.

[0086] like Figure 5 As shown, the radial milled surface 21 is formed by a milling cutter cutting the top surface of the material to be measured 104. The normal direction of the radial milled surface 21 (i.e., the direction perpendicular to the surface) is along the axial direction of the material to be measured 104. The width of the radial milled surface 21 can be numerically equal to the depth of cut. The axial milled surface 22 is formed by a milling cutter cutting the side surface of the material to be measured 104. The normal direction of the axial milled surface 22 (i.e., the direction perpendicular to the surface) is along the radial direction of the material to be measured 104. The depth of the axial milled surface 22 (i.e., the depth of the machined top surface) can be numerically equal to the depth of cut.

[0087] Regarding step S2, the control force measuring device 102 monitors the actual milling force applied by the milling cutter 105 to the material to be measured 104 during the milling process.

[0088] For example, the force measuring device 102 includes a force sensor. Since the material to be measured 104 is fixed to the upper surface of the force measuring device 102 by the fixing device 103, the cutting force generated by the milling cutter 105 on the material to be measured 104 is equal to the pressure of the fixing device 103 on the force sensor, thereby causing the force sensor to generate an electrical signal that matches the pressure it receives, so that the force measuring device 102 can monitor the actual milling force applied by the milling cutter 105 to the material to be measured 104.

[0089] At the start of milling (when the milling cutter 105 has just entered the material 104 to be measured) and at the end of milling (when the milling cutter 105 is about to cut out of the material 104 to be measured), the milling force will experience instantaneous and drastic fluctuations (peak or trough) due to the sudden changes in the cutting area and cutting state. Therefore, in the stable cutting state after the milling cutter 105 has fully entered the material 104 to be measured but before it begins to cut out, the average value of the data collected by the force measuring device 102 during this stable time interval is taken as the actual milling force applied by the milling cutter 105 to the material 104 to be measured.

[0090] Regarding step S3, the roughness detection equipment is controlled to detect the milled surface and obtain the actual roughness, including steps S31-S32.

[0091] Step S31: Control the roughness detection equipment to detect the milled surface a preset number of times, and obtain a milled surface roughness detection value in each detection process;

[0092] Step S32: The average value of the roughness detection values ​​of multiple milled surfaces is taken as the actual roughness.

[0093] Regarding steps S31-S32, the roughness inspection equipment (e.g., a surface profilometer or optical microscope) is a precision instrument used to measure the microscopic unevenness (i.e., roughness) of a workpiece surface. The preset number of measurements refers to the number of times a pre-set measurement will be performed at different locations when inspecting a milled surface. Because factors such as vibration, minor tool wear, or microscopic material inhomogeneity are inevitable during machining, the roughness values ​​at different locations on the milled surface may fluctuate. Measuring only once is likely to be random and cannot represent the average quality of the entire surface. Therefore, the preset number of measurements is usually set to three or five.

[0094] Taking the example of simultaneously machining radial milled surface 21 and axial milled surface 22 on the material to be tested 104 in one milling operation, the roughness detection equipment is controlled to detect the roughness of radial milled surface 21 and axial milled surface 22 according to a preset number of times, and the average value of multiple radial milled surface roughness detection values ​​and multiple axial milled surface roughness detection values ​​is taken as the actual roughness.

[0095] Regarding step S4, the cutting performance of the material 104 to be tested is evaluated based on the actual milling force, actual roughness, and preset indicators, including steps S41-S44.

[0096] Step S41: Determine the milling force weighting coefficient and the surface roughness weighting coefficient according to the workpiece application of the material to be tested 104;

[0097] Step S42: Obtain the milling force evaluation index based on the ratio between the actual milling force and the preset milling force in the preset index;

[0098] Step S43: Obtain the roughness evaluation index based on the ratio between the actual roughness and the preset roughness in the preset index.

[0099] Step S44: Evaluate the cutting performance of the material 104 under test based on the roughness weighting coefficient, the roughness weighting coefficient, the milling force evaluation index, and the roughness evaluation index.

[0100] Regarding steps S41-S44, the intended use of the test material 104 is the starting point and objective of the evaluation, determining the focus of the evaluation. The weight of the processing quality and processing efficiency requirements for workpieces with different uses is completely different.

[0101] For example, in applications where low-carbon steel is commonly used, such as in the preparation of everyday hardware parts and for electroplating, tool life and post-processing surface finish are more important. In applications where medium-carbon steel is commonly used, such as in the preparation of valves with complex structures, tool life and post-processing surface finish are both factors to consider during product use. In applications where high-carbon steel is commonly used, such as in the preparation of shafts and pointers for precision instruments and meters, surface roughness after processing is a prerequisite for the accuracy of instruments and meters, therefore surface roughness is a factor to consider during product use.

[0102] It should be noted that the tool here refers to the tool used in the subsequent machining process, not the milling cutter 105 in the embodiments of this application. Tool life refers to the service life of the tool. The milling resistance of the test material 104 to the tool in the subsequent machining process and the milling force applied by the tool are a pair of action and reaction forces. The greater the milling resistance, the shorter the tool life usually means. Therefore, the actual milling force obtained by the embodiments of this application can reflect the length of the tool life in the subsequent tool machining process.

[0103] A weighting factor is a numerical value used to represent the degree of importance. It is used to assign different influences to different indicators in a comprehensive evaluation. The milling force weighting factor indicates the importance of milling force in evaluating the cutting performance of the test material 104, and the roughness weighting factor indicates the importance of roughness in evaluating the cutting performance of the test material 104.

[0104] Generally, the sum of the milling force weighting factor and the surface roughness weighting factor is 1. For example: if surface quality is of greater concern, the surface roughness weighting factor can be set to 0.7 and the milling force weighting factor to 0.3; if cutting efficiency is of greater concern, the surface roughness weighting factor can be set to 0.7 and the milling force weighting factor to 0.3; if both are equally important, the surface roughness weighting factor can be set to 0.5 and the milling force weighting factor to 0.5.

[0105] Preset parameters are parameters measured when milling a standard material under exactly the same cutting parameters and clamping conditions. They include preset milling force F0 and preset surface roughness R0.

[0106] Furthermore, the preset index can be obtained through the following steps: under the condition that the test state is met between the fixed device 103 and the standard material, the milling cutter is controlled to mill the standard material along the feed direction perpendicular to the standard material according to the preset milling parameters, so that a standard milling surface is formed on the standard material; the force measuring device 102 is controlled to monitor the milling force applied by the milling cutter to the standard material during the milling process as the preset milling force; the roughness detection device is controlled to detect the roughness of the standard milling surface as the preset roughness; the preset index includes the preset milling force and the preset roughness.

[0107] The machinability of the test material 104 is relative to that of the standard material. If the actual milling force of the test material 104 is smaller than F0, it means that it is easier to cut than the standard material; if the actual roughness of the test material 104 is smaller than R0, it means that it can achieve a better surface quality than the standard material.

[0108] For example, the standard material could be 45 steel (a Chinese grade, equivalent to AISI 1045 steel in the US). 45 steel is a commonly used and well-known medium-carbon quenched and tempered steel, and its chemical composition, mechanical properties, and machinability have been extensively studied. Almost all tool manufacturers, machining manuals, and researchers have a deep understanding of its cutting characteristics and a wealth of data, using this as a benchmark to ensure comparability of test results from different units and at different times. The hardness, strength, and toughness of 45 steel are at an intermediate level; it is neither as soft and sticky as aluminum alloys nor as hard and tough as high-temperature alloys. Using its properties as a baseline zero point allows for a good assessment of whether the tested material 104 is easier to machine (superior to 45 steel) or more difficult to machine (inferior to 45 steel). Using 45 steel as the standard material quantifies the machinability of the tested material 104 within a widely accepted, stable, and reliable reference system, thereby ensuring the objectivity, comparability, and practical guidance of the evaluation results. Of course, for specific industries (such as aerospace or automotive), the most commonly used material in that industry can also be selected as the standard material.

[0109] Regarding step S44, the cutting performance of the material 104 under test is evaluated based on the roughness weighting coefficient, the roughness weighting coefficient, the milling force evaluation index, and the roughness evaluation index.

[0110] Specifically, the cutting performance of the test material 104 is evaluated using the comprehensive cutting performance index K = xKr + (1-x)Ka, where x is the milling force weighting coefficient, (1-x) represents the roughness weighting coefficient, Kr is the milling force evaluation index, and Ka is the roughness evaluation index. The larger the value of K, the better the cutting performance of the test material 104.

[0111] For example, three experiments are provided below to illustrate a material cutting performance evaluation method provided by the embodiments of this application.

[0112] Experiment 1

[0113]

[0114] From the perspective of product cutting performance design, sample 1# is a common low-carbon free-cutting steel containing S and Pb; in sample 2#, Te element was added to the ordinary 12L14 steel, and the cutting performance should be improved; in sample 3#, not only Te was added, but the Pb content was also increased from the ordinary 0.28% level in 12L14 to the 0.32% level, and the cutting performance should be even higher.

[0115] For low-carbon steel applications, it is commonly used in the preparation of everyday hardware parts and electroplating finishes. Therefore, tool life and post-machining surface finish are more important, hence the Kr coefficient is assigned a value of 0.7. Milling test results show that the cutting performance index K for the three steel grades increases sequentially; a larger K value indicates better cutting performance, consistent with product design, and the differences in K values ​​are significant.

[0116] Experiment 2

[0117]

[0118] From the perspective of product cutting performance design, sample #1, 1144+Te, is based on ordinary medium carbon S-containing free-cutting steel 1144, with the addition of Te element, and its cutting performance should be better than that of #2.

[0119] For medium carbon steel applications, it is commonly used as a material for manufacturing complex valve components. Tool life and post-machining material surface finish are key factors to consider during product use, so the Kr coefficient is assigned a value of 0.5. The milling test results show that the cutting performance index K of steel grade 1 is greater than that of sample 2, indicating better cutting performance, consistent with the product design, and the difference in K values ​​is significant.

[0120] Experiment 3

[0121]

[0122]

[0123] From the perspective of product cutting performance design, sample 1# Y100Pb is a high-carbon Pb-containing free-cutting steel, while sample 2# Y100S is a high-carbon S-containing free-cutting steel. The Pb element contributes more to the cutting performance, so the cutting performance of sample 1# should be better than that of sample 2#.

[0124] For applications involving high-carbon steel, it is commonly used as a material for manufacturing shafts, pointers, and other components in precision instruments and meters. Surface roughness after machining is a prerequisite for the accuracy of these instruments and meters; therefore, roughness is a crucial factor to consider during product use. Hence, a value of 0.3 is assigned to the Kr coefficient. The milling test results show that the cutting performance index K of steel grade 1 is greater than that of sample 2, indicating better cutting performance, consistent with the product design, and the difference in K values ​​is significant.

[0125] In summary, the embodiments of this application provide a method for evaluating the cutting performance of a material. The method includes: under the condition that the test conditions are met between the fixed equipment and the material to be tested, controlling the milling cutter of the milling machine to mill the material to be tested along the feed direction perpendicular to the material to be tested according to preset milling parameters, so that a milled surface is formed on the material to be tested; controlling the force measuring device to monitor the actual milling force applied by the milling cutter to the material to be tested during the milling process; controlling the roughness detection device to detect the milled surface and obtain the actual roughness; and evaluating the cutting performance of the material to be tested based on the actual milling force, the actual roughness, and the preset index.

[0126] As can be seen, this application's embodiments, by integrating milling, real-time force measurement, and surface roughness detection, construct a comprehensive evaluation system with multiple indicators working in tandem. This system can simultaneously quantify and analyze cutting force and machined surface quality, thereby comprehensively and objectively reflecting the material's machinability. Compared to traditional evaluation methods that rely solely on subjective experience or individual parameters, this application employs a standardized clamping scheme, preset milling parameters, and a stable testing process. This enables simultaneous online measurement of the cutting force and surface roughness of the test sample, greatly improving the reliability and completeness of the test results. Furthermore, it exhibits good repeatability and comparability, significantly reducing interference from human factors, and is suitable for rapid performance comparison and screening of steels from different batches and with different compositions.

[0127] Furthermore, by introducing relative evaluation indicators based on standard materials and adjustable weighting coefficients, this method can flexibly adapt to the specific needs of different workpiece applications. It can be used for performance optimization in the material development stage and can also provide quantitative basis for end users to select materials, which has important engineering application value and promotion prospects.

[0128] Furthermore, the embodiments of this application, by employing a machining and inspection scheme using a vertical milling machine paired with a dedicated fixture and a force measuring platform, effectively solve the problem of difficulties in processing slender round bars with a diameter less than 20 mm. Traditional turning processes are prone to workpiece deflection, vibration, and unstable clamping when dealing with small-diameter bars, leading to inaccurate measurement of cutting forces or even failure to process normally. This invention, however, uses V-blocks or V-groove vises to vertically clamp the round bar, significantly improving clamping rigidity and stability, and eliminating deformation and chatter problems caused by excessive length-to-diameter ratios during turning. Simultaneously, the milling method allows the tool to feed radially and axially separately. By controlling the depth of cut and back depth of cut, stable cutting can be achieved in small-sized areas, avoiding tool interference and machining failure caused by excessively small material dimensions. This allows for the simultaneous acquisition of high-quality milled surfaces, reliable cutting force data, and repeatable roughness measurement results on small-diameter round bars, overcoming the limitations of turning and drilling on this type of material.

[0129] Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of this application also provide, as follows: Figure 6 The device shown is a material machinability evaluation device, the device includes:

[0130] The milling control module 61 is used to control the milling cutter of the milling machine to mill the material under test along the feed direction perpendicular to the material under test according to preset milling parameters, so that a milled surface is formed on the material under test, when the test conditions are met between the fixed equipment and the material under test.

[0131] The milling force monitoring module 62 is used to control the force measuring device to monitor the actual milling force applied by the milling cutter to the material under test during the milling process.

[0132] The roughness detection module 63 is used to control the roughness detection equipment to detect the milled surface and obtain the actual roughness;

[0133] The performance evaluation module 64 is used to evaluate the cutting performance of the material under test based on the actual milling force, actual surface roughness and preset indicators.

[0134] Furthermore, the device also includes a preset milling parameter determination module, used for:

[0135] Obtain the material dimension parameters of the material to be tested and the milling cutter dimension parameters;

[0136] Determine the preset milling parameters based on the material size parameters and the milling cutter size parameters.

[0137] Furthermore, the device also includes a module for determining the depth of cut, the depth of cut, and the feed per tooth, used for:

[0138] Determine the depth of cut based on the material length in the material dimension parameters;

[0139] The depth of cut and feed per tooth are determined based on the milling cutter diameter in the milling cutter size parameters; the preset milling parameters include the depth of cut, the depth of cut, and the feed per tooth.

[0140] Furthermore, the device also includes radial and axial milling modules for:

[0141] Control the milling cutter to mill the material under test along the feed direction perpendicular to the material under test according to the preset milling parameters, so that at least radial milling surface and axial milling surface are formed on the material under test;

[0142] The width of the radial milling surface matches the side depth of cut in the preset milling parameters, and the depth of the axial milling surface matches the back depth of cut in the preset milling parameters; the milling surface includes the radial milling surface and the axial milling surface.

[0143] Furthermore, the roughness detection module 63 is also used for:

[0144] The surface roughness testing equipment is controlled to test the milled surface a preset number of times, and a surface roughness test value is obtained in each test process;

[0145] The average value of multiple milled surface roughness test values ​​is taken as the actual roughness.

[0146] Furthermore, the device also includes a weighted evaluation module for:

[0147] The milling force weighting factor and surface roughness weighting factor are determined based on the intended use of the material to be tested.

[0148] The milling force evaluation index is obtained by comparing the actual milling force with the preset milling force in the preset index.

[0149] The roughness evaluation index is obtained by comparing the actual roughness with the preset roughness in the preset index.

[0150] The cutting performance of the material under test is evaluated based on the roughness weighting coefficient, the milling force evaluation index, and the roughness evaluation index.

[0151] Furthermore, the device also includes a preset index determination module, used for:

[0152] When the test conditions are met between the fixed equipment and the standard material, the milling cutter is controlled to mill the standard material along the feed direction perpendicular to the standard material according to the preset milling parameters, so that a standard milling surface is formed on the standard material;

[0153] The control force measuring device monitors the milling force applied by the milling cutter to the standard material during the milling process as the preset milling force;

[0154] The roughness of the control roughness testing equipment is used to test the roughness of the standard milled surface as the preset roughness; the preset indicators include the preset milling force and the preset roughness.

[0155] Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of this application also provide, as follows: Figure 7 An electronic device shown includes:

[0156] Processor 71;

[0157] Memory 72 is used to store executable instructions of processor 71;

[0158] The processor 71 is configured to execute a material cutting performance evaluation method as described above.

[0159] Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of this application also provide a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, which, when the instructions in the storage medium are executed by the processor 71 of an electronic device, enables the electronic device to execute a material cutting performance evaluation method as described above.

[0160] Since the electronic device described in this embodiment is an electronic device used to implement the information processing method in the embodiments of this application, those skilled in the art can understand the specific implementation methods and various variations of the electronic device in this embodiment based on the information processing method described in the embodiments of this application. Therefore, how the electronic device implements the method in the embodiments of this application will not be described in detail here. Any electronic device used by those skilled in the art to implement the information processing method in the embodiments of this application falls within the scope of protection of this application.

[0161] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0162] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0163] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0164] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0165] Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including both the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the invention.

[0166] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the machinability of materials, characterized in that, A force measuring device is provided on the working surface of the milling machine, and a fixing device is provided on the upper surface of the force measuring device. The method includes: When the test conditions are met between the fixed equipment and the material to be tested, the milling cutter of the milling machine is controlled to mill the material to be tested along the feed direction perpendicular to the material to be tested according to the preset milling parameters, so that a milled surface is formed on the material to be tested; The force measuring device is controlled to monitor the actual milling force applied by the milling cutter to the material under test during the milling process; The roughness of the milled surface is obtained by controlling a roughness testing device. The cutting performance of the material under test is evaluated based on the actual milling force, the actual surface roughness, and preset indicators. The method of controlling the milling cutter of the milling machine to mill the material under test along a feed direction perpendicular to the material under test according to preset milling parameters, so as to form a milled surface on the material under test, includes: The milling cutter is controlled to mill the material under test along a feed direction perpendicular to the material under test according to preset milling parameters, so that at least a radial milling surface and an axial milling surface are formed on the material under test; The width of the radial milling surface matches the side depth of cut in the preset milling parameters, and the depth of the axial milling surface matches the back depth of cut in the preset milling parameters; the milling surface includes the radial milling surface and the axial milling surface; The evaluation of the cutting performance of the material under test based on the actual milling force, the actual surface roughness, and preset indicators includes: The milling force weighting factor and the roughness weighting factor are determined according to the application of the material to be tested. The milling force evaluation index is obtained based on the ratio between the actual milling force and the preset milling force in the preset index. The roughness evaluation index is obtained based on the ratio between the actual roughness and the preset roughness in the preset index; The cutting performance of the material under test is evaluated based on the roughness weighting coefficient, the roughness weighting coefficient, the milling force evaluation index, and the roughness evaluation index. The preset index is obtained through the following steps: When the test conditions are met between the fixed equipment and the standard material, the milling cutter is controlled to mill the standard material along the feed direction perpendicular to the standard material according to the preset milling parameters, so that a standard milling surface is formed on the standard material; The force measuring device is controlled to monitor the milling force applied by the milling cutter to the standard material during the milling process as a preset milling force; The roughness detection device is controlled to detect the roughness of the standard milled surface as a preset roughness; the preset index includes a preset milling force and the preset roughness.

2. The material machinability evaluation method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The preset milling parameters are obtained through the following steps: Obtain the material dimension parameters of the material to be tested and the milling cutter dimension parameters of the milling cutter; The preset milling parameters are determined based on the material size parameters and the milling cutter size parameters.

3. The material machinability evaluation method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Determining the preset milling parameters based on the material size parameters and the milling cutter size parameters includes: The depth of cut is determined based on the material length in the material dimension parameters. The depth of cut and feed per tooth are determined based on the milling cutter diameter in the milling cutter size parameters; the preset milling parameters include the back depth of cut, the side depth of cut, and the feed per tooth.

4. The material machinability evaluation method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The controlled roughness detection equipment detects the milled surface to obtain the actual roughness, including: The roughness detection device is controlled to detect the milled surface a preset number of times, and a milled surface roughness detection value is obtained in each detection process; The average value of the multiple milled surface roughness detection values ​​is taken as the actual roughness.

5. A material machinability evaluation device, characterized in that, A force measuring device is provided on the working surface of the milling machine, and a fixing device is provided on the upper surface of the force measuring device. The device includes: The milling control module is used to control the milling cutter of the milling machine to mill the material under test along the feed direction perpendicular to the material under test according to preset milling parameters, so that a milled surface is formed on the material under test, when the test conditions are met between the fixed equipment and the material under test. A milling force monitoring module is used to control the force measuring device to monitor the actual milling force applied by the milling cutter to the material under test during the milling process; The roughness detection module is used to control the roughness detection equipment to detect the milled surface and obtain the actual roughness; The performance evaluation module is used to evaluate the cutting performance of the material under test based on the actual milling force, the actual surface roughness, and preset indicators. The method of controlling the milling cutter of the milling machine to mill the material under test along a feed direction perpendicular to the material under test according to preset milling parameters, so as to form a milled surface on the material under test, includes: The milling cutter is controlled to mill the material under test along a feed direction perpendicular to the material under test according to preset milling parameters, so that at least a radial milling surface and an axial milling surface are formed on the material under test; The width of the radial milling surface matches the side depth of cut in the preset milling parameters, and the depth of the axial milling surface matches the back depth of cut in the preset milling parameters; the milling surface includes the radial milling surface and the axial milling surface; The evaluation of the cutting performance of the material under test based on the actual milling force, the actual surface roughness, and preset indicators includes: The milling force weighting factor and the roughness weighting factor are determined according to the application of the material to be tested. The milling force evaluation index is obtained based on the ratio between the actual milling force and the preset milling force in the preset index. The roughness evaluation index is obtained based on the ratio between the actual roughness and the preset roughness in the preset index; The cutting performance of the material under test is evaluated based on the roughness weighting coefficient, the roughness weighting coefficient, the milling force evaluation index, and the roughness evaluation index. The preset index is obtained through the following steps: When the test conditions are met between the fixed equipment and the standard material, the milling cutter is controlled to mill the standard material along the feed direction perpendicular to the standard material according to the preset milling parameters, so that a standard milling surface is formed on the standard material; The force measuring device is controlled to monitor the milling force applied by the milling cutter to the standard material during the milling process as a preset milling force; The roughness detection device is controlled to detect the roughness of the standard milled surface as a preset roughness; the preset index includes a preset milling force and the preset roughness.

6. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: processor; Memory used to store the processor's executable instructions; The processor is configured to execute a material cutting performance evaluation method as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

7. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, When the instructions in the storage medium are executed by the processor of the electronic device, the electronic device is able to perform a material cutting performance evaluation method as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

Images