Intelligent photovoltaic window and space unit

Abstract

The application relates to an intelligent photovoltaic window and a space unit. The intelligent photovoltaic window comprises a photovoltaic panel, a variable color panel and a shutter. The photovoltaic panel is light-transmissive and is used for converting solar energy into electric energy. The variable color panel is parallel to the photovoltaic panel, and the variable color panel is controlled to change color. The shutter is arranged between the photovoltaic panel and the variable color panel, and the shutter comprises a plurality of adjustable louvers. The plurality of louvers are controlled to switch to a state corresponding to a current control instruction, so as to form a light and heat environment corresponding to the current control instruction in a room. The intelligent photovoltaic window can dynamically adjust the light and heat environment in the room.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and more specifically, to an intelligent photovoltaic window and space unit. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the automotive industry and the popularization of new energy vehicles, the potential of electric vehicles in reducing energy dependence and promoting the efficiency of renewable energy utilization is becoming increasingly significant. Furthermore, with the material innovation and application expansion of photovoltaic technology, automotive photovoltaic technology is gradually being integrated into various industries.

[0003] Taking the electric vehicle industry as an example, automotive photovoltaic technology has demonstrated certain technological advantages in extending driving range and reducing the life cycle cost of automobiles. Specifically, smart photovoltaic windows are integrated into the sunroof of electric vehicles, preserving the visibility of occupants while generating electricity when exposed to solar radiation to power the electric vehicle's energy system and meet the energy consumption needs of driving, air conditioning, and other equipment. Of course, automotive photovoltaic technology is not limited to applications in the electric vehicle industry.

[0004] However, existing smart photovoltaic technologies still have some shortcomings, such as limited potential for regulating indoor light and heat environment and low level of intelligence, inability to respond to the field of vision and light and heat needs of indoor occupants, resulting in low comfort. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides an intelligent photovoltaic window and space unit that can dynamically adjust the indoor light and heat environment.

[0006] A smart photovoltaic window, comprising:

[0007] A photovoltaic panel, which is light-transmitting, is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy;

[0008] A color-changing panel, parallel to the photovoltaic panel, is controllable and can change color.

[0009] A louver is installed between the photovoltaic panel and the color-changing panel. The louver includes multiple adjustable slats, which can be controlled to switch to a state corresponding to the current control command, thereby creating a light and heat environment in the room that corresponds to the current control command.

[0010] Optionally, the state includes at least one of the following: heat insulation state, light-transmitting state, and light-blocking state.

[0011] In the insulated state, the space where the louvers are located is divided into multiple enclosed sub-spaces by the multiple slats.

[0012] Under the stated lighting condition, the area of ​​the orthographic projection of the plurality of window slats onto the variable color plate is smaller than the area of ​​the variable color plate.

[0013] In the shading state, the side of the color-changing panel facing the photovoltaic panel is completely blocked by the multiple window slats.

[0014] Optionally, the plurality of window slats are in the form of sheet-like structures and are rotatably arranged, with the rotation axes of each window slat being parallel to each other in a plane parallel to the photovoltaic panel.

[0015] In the heat-insulating state, each of the window slats abuts against the photovoltaic panel and the color-changing panel, and the gap between two adjacent window slats forms the subspace; and / or

[0016] Under the stated lighting conditions, at least one of the photovoltaic panel and the color-changing panel does not abut against the window slats, and two adjacent window slats do not contact each other; and / or

[0017] In the light-blocking state, the plurality of window slats are located in the same plane parallel to the color-changing panel.

[0018] Optionally, at least one of the window blades has a heat-absorbing coating on the side of the photovoltaic panel facing the window blade, which can convert solar energy into heat energy, and the heat-absorbing coating is thermally connected to the window blade.

[0019] Optionally, the louver further includes a heat exchange section, which is thermally connected to the plurality of louvers.

[0020] Optionally, the heat exchange section includes a phase change material, which is thermally connected to the plurality of window blades; and / or

[0021] The heat exchange section also includes heat dissipation fins, and the space where the heat dissipation fins are located is connected to the outside.

[0022] Optionally, the state also includes a retracted state, in which the plurality of window slats are retracted together, and the area of ​​the orthographic projection on the photovoltaic panel is smaller than the area of ​​the side surface of the photovoltaic panel facing the window slats.

[0023] Optionally, the venetian blinds further include a window body with multiple windows arranged in a matrix. Each window slat is correspondingly installed at one of the windows and located on the side facing the color-changing panel. The window slats are made of shape memory alloy, and each slat is initially curved but can flatten upon heating.

[0024] The states include a light-gathering state and a light-blocking state. In the light-blocking state, each window is closed by the unfolded window leaf. In the light-gathering state, each window leaf returns to its original shape, and the window is opened.

[0025] Optionally, the window is square, and the window leaf is fixedly connected to the opposite corner of the window.

[0026] Optionally, the venetian blinds further include a window frame, which has multiple strip-shaped windows arranged side by side vertically. Each strip is installed at one of the windows and is located on the side facing the color-changing panel. The strip-shaped window slats have a corrugated plate structure and are made of shape memory alloy.

[0027] The upper end of each window leaf is rotatably connected to the window body, with the axis of rotation parallel to the upper frame of each window. The lower end of each window leaf is a free end.

[0028] The states include a light-gathering state, a light-blocking state, and a heat-insulating state. When heated, the window slats can extend to the lower edge of the window to be in the light-blocking state. When the window slats return to their original shape, they are in the light-gathering state. The window slats can also be rotated under control so that the free end abuts against the color-changing panel to be in the heat-insulating state.

[0029] Optionally, the smart photovoltaic window further includes a sunshade portion disposed on any side of the louver in the thickness direction, the sunshade portion including at least one of the following:

[0030] The first shading film includes a first sub-film layer and a second sub-film layer joined together, the first sub-film layer having a reflectivity of 85% ± 15% in the solar radiation band and the second sub-film layer having an emissivity of 85% ± 15% in the mid-infrared band.

[0031] The second shading film includes a third sub-film layer and a fourth sub-film layer joined together, wherein the third sub-film layer has a reflectivity of 60% ± 15% in the solar radiation band and the fourth sub-film layer has an emissivity of 60% ± 15% in the mid-infrared band.

[0032] The third shading film includes a fifth sub-film layer and a sixth sub-film layer joined together, wherein the fifth sub-film layer has a reflectivity of 40% ± 15% in the solar radiation band and the sixth sub-film layer has an emissivity of 40% ± 15% in the mid-infrared band.

[0033] The fourth shading film includes a seventh sub-film layer and an eighth sub-film layer joined together, wherein the seventh sub-film layer has a reflectivity of 15% ± 15% in the solar radiation band and an emissivity of 15% ± 15% in the mid-infrared band.

[0034] Any one of the first, second, third, and fourth sunshade films can be controlled to move to a designated position of the venetian blinds.

[0035] Optionally, the light-receiving surface of the photovoltaic panel is provided with a radiation cooling film; and / or

[0036] The back surface of the photovoltaic panel is provided with a light decoupling film.

[0037] Optionally, the color-changing panel includes a photochromic layer and / or an electrochromic layer.

[0038] A spatial unit, comprising:

[0039] Base frame;

[0040] The smart photovoltaic window as described in any of the above claims is installed on the side and / or top of the base frame.

[0041] This application provides an intelligent photovoltaic window and space unit. The intelligent photovoltaic window is controlled by the current control command and can adjust the state of multiple window slats and / or change the color of the variable color panel based on the current control command to achieve the function of dynamically improving the indoor light and heat environment. For example, it can reduce passive heat gain and light in hot weather and increase passive heat gain and light in cold weather, thereby improving the comfort of the indoor environment. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a smart photovoltaic window shown in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 An exploded view of the smart photovoltaic window shown in the image;

[0044] Figure 3 and Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of a smart photovoltaic window, showing the different states of the window slats.

[0045] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the color-changing panel in a fully transparent state;

[0046] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a color-changing panel in a semi-colored state;

[0047] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the color-changing panel in its fully colored state;

[0048] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing multiple window slats in a heat-insulating state;

[0049] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing multiple window slats in a lighting state;

[0050] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing multiple window slats in a light-blocking state;

[0051] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of yet another embodiment of multiple venetian blinds;

[0052] Figures 12 to 14 yes Figure 11The diagram shows the slats of a venetian blind in a light-gathering state.

[0053] Figure 15 This is another illustration of the form;

[0054] Figure 16 It is installed at Figure 15 A schematic diagram of the window leaflets of the middle window;

[0055] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the sunshade section;

[0056] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram showing multiple window leaflets in a retracted state;

[0057] Figure 19 This is another schematic diagram showing multiple window leaflets in a retracted state;

[0058] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of a spatial unit shown in one embodiment of this application;

[0059] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of a spatial unit shown in another embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0060] The technical solutions in the embodiments (or "implementations") of this application will be clearly and completely described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements.

[0061] If the embodiments of this application contain terms relating to directional indications or positional relationships (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, inside, outside, top, bottom, center, vertical, horizontal, longitudinal, transverse, length, width, counterclockwise, clockwise, axial, radial, circumferential, etc.), such terms are only used to explain the relative positional relationships and movements between components in a specific posture (as shown in the attached figures); if the specific posture changes, the directional indications or positional relationships will also change accordingly. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" used in the embodiments of this application are only for descriptive convenience and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0062] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the smart photovoltaic window 100 as shown in an exemplary embodiment of this application.

[0063] This application provides an intelligent photovoltaic window 100, which is controlled by a current control command and can adjust the indoor light and heat environment according to the current control command to meet the dynamic light and heat needs of indoor occupants and improve the comfort of the indoor environment. The intelligent photovoltaic window 100 can be applied to various spatial scenarios such as transportation vehicles (sea, land, and air transportation vehicles, such as low-altitude economic aircraft, aerospace vehicles, and ships), agricultural greenhouses, and buildings, and is suitable for multiple fields including civilian, agricultural, industrial, and military use. By utilizing solar energy, it improves energy self-sufficiency, achieves energy conservation and emission reduction, and has good economic benefits.

[0064] Please refer to Figures 2 to 4 , Figure 2 for Figure 1 An exploded view of the smart photovoltaic window 100 shown in the image. Figure 3 and Figure 4 These are cross-sectional views of the intelligent photovoltaic window 100, wherein... Figure 3 and Figure 4 The multiple window leaf 21 shown are in different states.

[0065] like Figure 2 As shown, the intelligent photovoltaic window 100 includes a photovoltaic panel 10, blinds 20, and a color-changing panel 30. The photovoltaic panel 10 is light-transmitting and generates electricity when exposed to sunlight, converting solar energy into electrical energy. In the layered structure of the intelligent photovoltaic window 100, the photovoltaic panel 10 is located on the outer layer to receive solar radiation. The visible light transmittance of the photovoltaic panel 10 can be 30%-70%, but is not limited to this.

[0066] A color-changing panel 30 is arranged parallel to the photovoltaic panel 10, and the color-changing panel 30 can be controlled to change color. For example, the color-changing panel 30 includes at least one of a photochromic layer, an electrochromic layer, or a thermochromic layer to achieve multi-signal response. Among them, the color-changing panel 30 using a photochromic layer or a thermochromic layer can autonomously respond to light intensity or temperature, controlling the photochromic layer or thermochromic layer to actively color or fade. The color-changing panel 30 using an electrochromic layer can be controlled by a person to actively apply an external electric field to passively color or fade the electrochromic layer.

[0067] The louver 20 is disposed between the photovoltaic panel 10 and the color-changing panel 30, combined with Figure 3 and Figure 4 The venetian blind 20 includes multiple adjustable slats 21, which can be controlled to switch to a state corresponding to the current command, thereby creating a light and heat environment in the room corresponding to the current command.

[0068] As described above, the smart photovoltaic window 100 is controlled by the current control command and can adjust the state of multiple window slats 21 and / or change the color of the variable color panel 30 based on the current control command, so as to realize the function of dynamically adjusting the indoor light and heat environment. For example, in hot weather, it can reduce passive heat gain and light, and in cold weather, it can increase passive heat gain and light, thereby improving the comfort of the indoor environment.

[0069] Please refer to Figures 5 to 7 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the color-changing panel 30 in a fully transparent state. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the variable color plate 30 in a semi-colored state. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the variable color swatch 30 in its fully colored state.

[0070] For example, the variable color panel 30 employs a combined electrochromic layer / thermochromic layer structure, and the variable color panel 30 is configured to switch between a fully transparent state and a fully colored state. Figure 5 As shown, the color-changing plate 30 is in a completely transparent state, meaning that both the thermochromic layer and the electrochromic layer are in an uncolored state. For example... Figure 6 As shown, the color-changing plate 30 is in a semi-colored state, meaning that at least one of the thermochromic layer or the electrochromic layer is not in a fully colored state. For example... Figure 7 As shown, the color-changing plate 30 is in a fully colored state, which means that both the thermochromic layer and the electrochromic layer are in a fully colored state.

[0071] Please refer to Figures 8 to 10 , Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing multiple window slats 21 in a thermally insulated state. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing multiple window slats 21 in a light-collecting state. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing multiple window slats 21 in a light-blocking state.

[0072] In one embodiment, the plurality of window slats 21 are controllably adjustable to a corresponding state, the state including at least one of a heat insulation state, a light-transmitting state, and a light-blocking state.

[0073] Specifically, such as Figure 8 As shown, multiple window slats 21 are in a heat-insulating state. In this heat-insulating state, the space where the louver 20 is located is divided into multiple enclosed sub-spaces 210 by the multiple window slats 21. Since the air flow in each enclosed sub-space 210 is restricted, it is difficult to form air convection circulation, thus reducing heat transfer and achieving heat insulation.

[0074] like Figure 9As shown, multiple window slats 21 are in a light-gathering state. In this state, the area of ​​the orthographic projection of the multiple window slats 21 onto the variable color panel 30 is smaller than the area of ​​the variable color panel 30. That is, the variable color panel 30 is not completely blocked by the multiple window slats 21, and there is a gap between two adjacent window slats, so that light can enter through the gaps and achieve light gathering.

[0075] like Figure 10 As shown, multiple window slats 21 are in a shading state. In this shading state, the side of the variable color panel 30 facing the photovoltaic panel 10 is completely blocked by the multiple window slats 21, and no light enters, thus achieving shading.

[0076] exist Figures 8 to 10 In the illustrated embodiment, the plurality of window blades 21 are sheet-like structures and rotatably arranged, with the rotation axes of each window blade 21 arranged parallel to each other in a plane parallel to the photovoltaic panel 10. The window blade 21 has a simple structure and is easy to install. The plurality of window blades 21 can be made identical in shape and size to facilitate manufacturing. It should be noted that a rotation axis can be provided at one end of each window blade 21, leaving the other end as a free end. Alternatively, a rotation axis can be provided at the middle portion of each window blade 21.

[0077] For example, the photovoltaic panel 10 is configured as a rectangular panel, and each window leaf 21 is configured as a rectangular window leaf. The rotation axis of each window leaf 21 is spaced apart along the length direction of the photovoltaic panel 10. The length direction of each window leaf 21 is consistent with the width direction of the photovoltaic panel 10, and the length dimension of each window leaf 21 is approximately equal to the width dimension of the photovoltaic panel 10. However, it should be noted that this application does not limit the specific structure of the window leaf 21, and the configuration can be selected according to actual needs.

[0078] In a specific embodiment, such as Figure 8 As shown, in the heat-insulating state, each of the window slats 21 abuts against the photovoltaic panel 10 and the color-changing panel 30, and the interval between two adjacent window slats 21 forms the subspace 210. That is, by controlling the rotation of each window slat 21 by a preset angle, so that each window slat 21 abuts against and contacts the photovoltaic panel 10 and the color-changing panel 30, a sealed subspace 210 can be formed between any two adjacent window slats 21, and the formation method is relatively simple. For example, a motor can be used to drive each window slat 21 to rotate synchronously, but it is not limited to this. Exemplarily, in the heat-insulating state, each window slat 21 can be set perpendicular to the photovoltaic panel 10 and the color-changing panel 30.

[0079] In one specific embodiment, combined with Figure 3 and Figure 9As shown, in the stated lighting condition, at least one of the photovoltaic panel 10 and the color-changing panel 30 does not abut against the window slats 21, and adjacent window slats 21 do not contact each other. For example, in Figure 3 In the illustrated embodiment, each window slat 21 is tilted at an angle θ < 180°, and each window slat 21 does not abut or contact the photovoltaic panel 10 and the color-changing panel 30. A gap is formed at the non-contact position, allowing for indoor lighting and passive heat gain. The value of θ can be selected and set according to actual conditions, and the size of θ is related to the size of the gap.

[0080] In one specific embodiment, combined with Figure 4 and Figure 10 As shown, in the light-blocking state, the multiple window slats 21 are located in the same plane parallel to the color-changing panel 30, and the multiple window slats 21 are arranged sequentially and closely connected. In this way, the multiple window slats 21 can jointly block the color-changing panel 30, preventing light from entering, and at this time there is no natural light in the room.

[0081] In one embodiment, at least one of the window leaf 21 has a heat-absorbing coating on the side facing the photovoltaic panel 10 that can convert solar energy into heat energy. Figure 10 (Not shown in the image), the heat-absorbing coating is thermally connected to the window slat 21. The heat-absorbing coating can be selectively applied; for example, it can be a coating with high absorption rate in the infrared band of sunlight and a certain transmittance for visible light, thus effectively absorbing heat without excessively affecting indoor lighting. The heat-absorbing coating absorbs heat from sunlight and transfers it to the window slat 21, achieving heat transfer or dissipation. The window slat 21 can be made of a material with good thermal conductivity, including but not limited to aluminum window slats, allowing heat to be conducted quickly within the window slat 21. Of course, a heat-absorbing coating can be applied to each window slat 21. The materials for the heat-absorbing coating include, but are not limited to, carbon black and metal oxides.

[0082] exist Figure 8 In the illustrated embodiment, the light-receiving surface of the photovoltaic panel 10 may be provided with a radiative cooling film 40. The radiative cooling film 40 can reflect sunlight and radiate heat outward, thereby achieving the effect of cooling the smart photovoltaic window 100. Exemplarily, the radiative cooling film 40 may consist of a base layer, a protective layer, a radiating layer, and a reflective layer. The radiative cooling film 40 may be bonded and fixed to the light-receiving surface of the photovoltaic panel 10, but is not limited to this.

[0083] In another embodiment, the back surface of the photovoltaic panel 10 is provided with a light decoupling film 60. The light decoupling film 60 can change the direction of light propagation and filter ultraviolet and near-infrared light to improve the comfort of the indoor environment. The light decoupling film 60 can be configured as a single-layer structure or a multi-layer composite structure. Exemplarily, the light decoupling film 60 may include a base layer, a texture layer, and an anti-reflective coating. The light decoupling film 60 can be bonded and fixed to the back surface of the photovoltaic panel 10, but is not limited thereto.

[0084] Please refer to Figures 11 to 14 , Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the venetian blind 20, wherein the slats 21 are in a light-blocking state. Figures 12 to 14 for Figure 11 The diagram shows the slats 21 of the veneer 20 in a light-gathering state.

[0085] In one embodiment, the venetian blind 20 further includes a window body 22, which has a plurality of windows 220 arranged in a matrix. The plurality of window slats 21 are installed one-to-one with each of the windows 220 and are located on the side of the window body 22 facing the color-changing panel 30. The plurality of window slats 21 are made of shape memory alloy. For example, each window slat 21 is initially curved and can be flattened under light.

[0086] In this embodiment, multiple window slats 21 can be switched between a light-gathering state and a light-blocking state. When each window slat 21 is heated and flattens out, it closes the corresponding window 220, thus entering the light-blocking state. When each window slat 21 bends and deforms towards the color-changing panel 30, the window 220 is opened, thus entering the light-gathering state. For example, when the temperature rises, each window slat 21 flattens out upon heating, switching to the light-blocking state. Conversely, when the temperature drops, each window slat 21 returns to its original shape, and the window 220 is opened, switching to the light-gathering state. It should be noted that the degree of bending of each window slat 21 at low temperatures can vary depending on the material selected for the window slats 21. Furthermore, the degree of bending of window slats 21 made of the same material can vary depending on the temperature.

[0087] exist Figures 12 to 14 In the illustrated embodiment, the window 220 is a square opening, with each window leaf 21 fixedly connected to opposite corners of the window 220. The other two opposite corners are free ends, allowing the two opposite corners of the window leaf 21 to be flattened or bent in their free state. It should be noted that the connection method between the window leaf 21 and the window 220 is not limited to this. The window leaf 21 can be configured to fit the shape of the window 220.

[0088] Please refer to Figure 15 and Figure 16 , Figure 15 This is another illustration of form 22. Figure 16 For installation at Figure 15A schematic diagram of the window leaf 21.

[0089] In one embodiment, the venetian blind 20 further includes a window body 22, which has a plurality of windows 220 arranged side by side, and a plurality of window slats 21 are installed one-to-one at each of the windows 220 and located on the side facing the color-changing panel 30. The plurality of window slats 21 have a strip-shaped corrugated plate structure and are made of shape memory alloy.

[0090] The upper end 21a of the window leaf 21 is rotatably connected to the window body 22, with the rotation axis parallel to the upper frame of each window 220. The lower end 21b of the window leaf 21 is a free end. Multiple window leaves 21 can be switched to a light-gathering state, a light-blocking state, and a heat-insulating state. When heated, the window leaf 21 can extend to the lower frame of the window 220 to be in the light-blocking state. When the window leaf 21 returns to its original shape, it is in the light-gathering state. The window leaf 21 can also be rotated under control, so that the free end abuts against the color-changing plate 30, forming multiple separated sub-spaces, thus ensuring that each window leaf 21 is in the heat-insulating state.

[0091] For example, the form 22 has four windows 220, and four corresponding window leaflets 21 are provided, one-to-one with each window 220, and the window leaflets 21 are also arranged side by side vertically. Of course, this application does not limit the number of windows 220.

[0092] Please refer to Figure 17 , Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the sunshade section 50.

[0093] In one embodiment, the smart photovoltaic window 100 further includes a sunshade portion 50 disposed on any side of the thickness direction of the louver 20, the sunshade portion 50 including at least one of a first sunshade film 51, a second sunshade film 52, a third sunshade film 53, and a fourth sunshade film 54.

[0094] The first shading film 51 comprises a first sub-film layer and a second sub-film layer joined together, wherein the first sub-film layer has a reflectivity of 85% ± 15% in the solar radiation band, and the second sub-film layer has an emissivity of 85% ± 15% in the mid-infrared band. The first shading film 51 can be used in summer for heat insulation. For example, the first sub-film layer has a reflectivity of 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, or 100% in the solar radiation band, but is not limited thereto. The second sub-film layer has an emissivity of 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, or 100% in the mid-infrared band, but is not limited thereto.

[0095] The second shading film 52 includes a third sub-film layer and a fourth sub-film layer joined together. The third sub-film layer has a reflectivity of 60% ± 15% in the solar radiation band, and the fourth sub-film layer has an emissivity of 60% ± 15% in the mid-infrared band. The second shading film 52 can be used in winter for heat absorption. The third sub-film layer has reflectivity of 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, and 75% in the solar radiation band, but is not limited thereto. The fourth sub-film layer has emissivity of 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, and 75% in the mid-infrared band, but is not limited thereto.

[0096] The third shading film 53 includes a fifth sub-film layer and a sixth sub-film layer joined together. The fifth sub-film layer has a reflectivity of 40% ± 15% in the solar radiation band, and the sixth sub-film layer has an emissivity of 40% ± 15% in the mid-infrared band, falling between heat insulation and heat absorption. The fifth sub-film layer has reflectivity of 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, and 55% in the solar radiation band, but is not limited to these. The sixth sub-film layer has emissivity of 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, and 55% in the mid-infrared band, but is not limited to these.

[0097] The fourth shading film 54 comprises a seventh sub-film layer and an eighth sub-film layer joined together. The seventh sub-film layer has a reflectivity of 15% ± 15% in the solar radiation band, and the eighth sub-film layer has an emissivity of 15% ± 15% in the mid-infrared band, falling between heat insulation and heat absorption. For example, the seventh sub-film layer has a reflectivity of 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% in the solar radiation band, and the eighth sub-film layer has an emissivity of 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% in the mid-infrared band.

[0098] Any one of the first sunshade film 51, the second sunshade film 52, the third sunshade film 53, and the fourth sunshade film 54 can be controlled to move to a designated position, such as the position of the window.

[0099] In this embodiment, the sunshade portion 50 may include a first sunshade film 51, a second sunshade film 52, a third sunshade film 53, and a fourth sunshade film 54, which can be rolled up or retracted, but is not limited to this. The unfolding directions of the first sunshade film 51, the second sunshade film 52, the third sunshade film 53, and the fourth sunshade film 54 are shown by the arrows in the figure. Alternatively, the first sunshade film 51, the second sunshade film 52, the third sunshade film 53, and the fourth sunshade film 54 may be configured to move to a designated position of the venetian blind 20 along the direction of the arrow, for example, by driving each sunshade film with a linear motor.

[0100] Please refer to Figure 18 and Figure 19 , Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram showing multiple window leaflets 21 in a retracted state. Figure 19 Another schematic diagram showing multiple window leaflets 21 in a retracted state.

[0101] In one embodiment, the plurality of window slats 21 can also be switched to a retracted state. In the retracted state, the plurality of window slats 21 are folded together, and the area of ​​their projected onto the photovoltaic panel 10 is smaller than the area of ​​the side surface of the photovoltaic panel 10 facing the window slats 21. This configuration effectively conceals the window slats 21, occupying only a smaller area, allowing for more switchable states and meeting the light and heat requirements of various application scenarios. For example, in the retracted state, it can meet the demand for high-intensity lighting. Figure 18 and Figure 19 The retraction degree of multiple window leaf 21 varies, in Figure 18 In the retracted state, the projected area of ​​the multiple window slats 21 is approximately 50% of the area of ​​the photovoltaic panel 10, at which point the ability to block solar radiation is moderate. Figure 19 In the retracted state, the projected area of ​​the multiple window slats 21 is approximately 20% of the area of ​​the photovoltaic panel 10, at which point the ability to block solar radiation is minimized. Of course, the projected area of ​​the multiple window slats 21 in the retracted state can be adjusted according to actual needs. For example, the multiple window slats 21 can be manually switched to the retracted state without consuming additional energy. For instance, the retracted state can be controlled by a roller or pull cord.

[0102] In one embodiment, the venetian blind 20 may further include a heat exchange section (not shown), which is thermally connected to the plurality of window slats 21. With this configuration, heat on the window slats 21 can be transferred to the heat exchange section, and then stored or dissipated through the heat exchange section to achieve cooling. Exemplarily, the venetian blind 20 may also include a window frame, on which the heat exchange section and the plurality of window slats 21 are disposed. The window frame can serve as a support, providing a connection base for the heat exchange section and the plurality of window slats 21. Of course, the photovoltaic panel 10 and the color-changing panel 30 can also be connected to the window frame, and the connection method can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection.

[0103] In one embodiment, the heat exchange section may include multiple semiconductor cooling chips, with multiple window blades 21 corresponding to and thermally connected to each of the multiple semiconductor cooling chips. In this embodiment, the heat exchange section includes a phase change material, which is thermally connected to the multiple window blades 21. The phase change material can absorb heat and undergo a physical phase change when the phase change temperature is reached, thereby storing the heat. The phase change material can be a solid-liquid phase change material (e.g., paraffin wax, hydrated salt), a solid-solid phase change material (e.g., polyol), or a liquid-gas phase change material. The phase change temperature can be selected according to the indoor comfort temperature. In a specific embodiment, the solid-liquid phase change material paraffin wax can be used, and the phase change temperature can be set between 25°C and 30°C. The window blades 21 can be made of aluminum with good thermal conductivity, but are not limited to this. To improve heat exchange efficiency, a thermally conductive material can be placed between each window blade 21 and the heat exchange section to reduce thermal resistance and form a good heat conduction path. The thermally conductive material includes, but is not limited to, thermally conductive silicone grease.

[0104] In an alternative embodiment, the heat exchange section further includes heat dissipation fins (not shown), and the space where the heat dissipation fins are located is in communication with the outside. The heat dissipation fins can increase the heat dissipation area and radiate heat to the outside through the heat dissipation fins. This application does not specifically limit the shape or number of heat dissipation fins.

[0105] Please refer to Figure 20 and Figure 21 , Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of a spatial unit 200 shown in an exemplary embodiment of this application. Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of a spatial unit 200 as another exemplary embodiment of this application.

[0106] This application also provides a space unit 200, which includes a base frame 201 and a smart photovoltaic window 100 installed on the base frame.

[0107] exist Figure 20 In the illustrated embodiment, the space unit 200 is a vehicle, the base frame 201 is a vehicle frame, and the intelligent photovoltaic window 100 can be installed on the top and / or side of the vehicle frame, serving as a sunroof and side window respectively. The installation area and shape of the intelligent photovoltaic window 100 are coordinated with the appearance of the vehicle frame. In particular, when the intelligent photovoltaic window 100 is applied to electric vehicles, it can improve the energy self-sufficiency rate of electric vehicles, extend the driving range, and to some extent reduce the number of fast charging cycles for the vehicle battery. In addition, the intelligent photovoltaic window 100 can realize intelligent control of the light and heat environment inside the vehicle, improve the comfort of the occupants, and to some extent reduce the cold / heat load of the electric vehicle, improving energy efficiency. This also helps the vehicle battery to operate under suitable temperature conditions, avoiding damage to the battery from excessively cold or hot environments.

[0108] exist Figure 20In the illustrated embodiment, the base frame 201 is a building base frame, and the smart photovoltaic window 100 can be installed on the top and / or side of the building base frame. Thus, the smart photovoltaic window 100 can dynamically adjust the indoor light and heat environment to meet the needs of indoor occupants for visibility, lighting, heat gain, and insulation.

[0109] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A smart photovoltaic window, characterized in that, include: A photovoltaic panel, which is light-transmitting, is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy; A color-changing panel, parallel to the photovoltaic panel, is controllable and can change color. A louver is installed between the photovoltaic panel and the color-changing panel. The louver includes multiple adjustable slats, which can be controlled to switch to a state corresponding to the current control command, thereby creating a light and heat environment in the room that corresponds to the current control command. The state includes at least one of the following: heat insulation state, light transmission state, and light shading state. In the heat insulation state, the space where the louvers are located is divided into multiple enclosed sub-spaces by multiple louvers. In the light transmission state, the area of ​​the orthographic projection of the multiple louvers onto the variable color panel is smaller than the area of ​​the variable color panel. In the light shading state, the side of the variable color panel facing the photovoltaic panel is completely blocked by the multiple louvers. The louvers also include a window frame; The window has multiple windows arranged in a matrix. Each window leaf is correspondingly installed at each window and located on the side facing the color-changing panel. The window leaves are made of shape memory alloy, and each window leaf is initially curved but can flatten out when heated. The states include a light-gathering state and a light-blocking state. In the light-blocking state, each window is closed by the unfolded window slats. In the light-gathering state, each window slat returns to its original shape, the window is opened, the window is square, and the window slats are fixedly connected to opposite corners of the window; or, The window body has multiple strip-shaped windows arranged side by side, one above the other. Each strip of window leaf is installed at a corresponding location on the side facing the color-changing panel. The strip-shaped corrugated plate structure is made of shape memory alloy. The upper end of each strip of window leaf is rotatably connected to the window body, with the axis of rotation parallel to the upper frame of each window. The lower end of each strip of window leaf is a free end. The states include a light-gathering state, a light-blocking state, and a heat-insulating state. When heated, the window slats can extend to the lower edge of the window to be in the light-blocking state. When the window slats return to their original shape, they are in the light-gathering state. The window slats can also be rotated under control so that the free end abuts against the color-changing panel to be in the heat-insulating state.

2. The intelligent photovoltaic window according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plurality of window slats are sheet-like structures and rotatable, and the rotation axes of each window slat are arranged parallel to each other in a plane parallel to the photovoltaic panel. In the heat-insulating state, each of the window slats abuts against the photovoltaic panel and the color-changing panel, and the gap between two adjacent window slats forms the subspace; and / or In the light-receiving state, at least one of the photovoltaic panel and the color-changing panel does not abut against the window slats, and two adjacent window slats do not contact each other; and / or In the light-blocking state, the plurality of window slats are located in the same plane parallel to the color-changing panel.

3. The intelligent photovoltaic window according to claim 2, characterized in that, At least one of the window blades has a heat-absorbing coating on the side of the photovoltaic panel facing the window blade, which can convert solar energy into heat energy, and the heat-absorbing coating is thermally connected to the window blade.

4. The intelligent photovoltaic window according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The louver also includes a heat exchange section, which is thermally connected to the plurality of louvers.

5. The intelligent photovoltaic window according to claim 4, characterized in that, The heat exchange section includes a phase change material, which is thermally connected to the plurality of the window blades; and / or The heat exchange section also includes heat dissipation fins, and the space where the heat dissipation fins are located is connected to the outside.

6. The intelligent photovoltaic window according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The state also includes a retracted state, in which the plurality of window slats are retracted together, and the area of ​​the orthographic projection on the photovoltaic panel is smaller than the area of ​​the side surface of the photovoltaic panel facing the window slats.

7. The intelligent photovoltaic window according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and 5, characterized in that, The intelligent photovoltaic window further includes a sunshade portion disposed on any side of the thickness direction of the louver, the sunshade portion including at least one of the following: The first shading film includes a first sub-film layer and a second sub-film layer joined together, the first sub-film layer having a reflectivity of 85%±15% in the solar radiation band and the second sub-film layer having an emissivity of 85%±15% in the mid-infrared band. The second shading film includes a third sub-film layer and a fourth sub-film layer joined together, wherein the third sub-film layer has a reflectivity of 60% ± 15% in the solar radiation band and the fourth sub-film layer has an emissivity of 60% ± 15% in the mid-infrared band. The third shading film includes a fifth sub-film layer and a sixth sub-film layer joined together, wherein the fifth sub-film layer has a reflectivity of 40%±15% in the solar radiation band and the sixth sub-film layer has an emissivity of 40%±15% in the mid-infrared band. The fourth shading film includes a seventh sub-film layer and an eighth sub-film layer joined together, wherein the seventh sub-film layer has a reflectivity of 15% ± 15% in the solar radiation band and an emissivity of 15% ± 15% in the mid-infrared band. Any one of the first, second, third, or fourth sunshade films can be controlled to move to a designated position on the venetian blinds.

8. The intelligent photovoltaic window according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and 5, characterized in that, The photovoltaic panel has a radiation cooling film on its light-receiving surface; and / or The back surface of the photovoltaic panel is provided with a light decoupling film.

9. The intelligent photovoltaic window according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and 5, characterized in that, The color-changing panel includes a photochromic layer and / or an electrochromic layer.

10. A spatial unit, characterized in that, include: Base frame; The smart photovoltaic window as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the smart photovoltaic window is installed on the side and / or top of the base frame.

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