Laser additive mining shield machine cutterhead structure

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of shield machines, and particularly discloses a laser additive mining shield machine cutterhead structure, which comprises a cutterhead frame and an annular driving disc, a fixing ring is arranged on the rear side of the cutterhead frame, an annular limiting groove is arranged at the middle between the inner walls of the fixing ring, the annular driving disc is located on the inner side of the fixing ring, a driving assembly is arranged on the annular driving disc, an annular sinking groove is arranged on the rear side of the cutterhead frame, and a reversing mechanism is rotatably arranged between the inner walls of the annular sinking groove. The laser additive mining rock stratum is excavated, the driving assembly, the reversing mechanism and the vibration assembly are arranged, when the cutter encounters the hard ore and is blocked or is instantaneously stopped, high-pressure water injection and hammering vibration are simultaneously performed on the front of the cutterhead frame, the soil in front is softened, the ore is easily loosened, the resistance during the start of the cutterhead frame is reduced due to the soil softening, and the cutterhead frame is conveniently started again.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel boring machine technology, and in particular to a cutterhead structure for a laser additive manufacturing tunnel boring machine. Background Technology

[0002] A tunnel boring machine (TBM), also known as a shield tunneling machine, is a specialized engineering machine for tunneling using the shield method. It can also be used for mining. Its forward end is equipped with a cutting system, which consists of cutting tools and a tunneling shield. During installation, the cutting tools are mounted on a cutterhead frame. The cutting tools are responsible for cutting underground rock and soil, while the tunneling shield supports and protects the cutting head.

[0003] Currently, when tunneling using shield machines to excavate laser additive manufacturing ore layers, the cutterhead at the front cuts the rock with cutting tools. Because the tunneling process encounters hard ores, the cutting tools are easily blocked or momentarily stopped when they encounter hard ores. After stopping, due to the large cutting resistance and the large overall weight of the equipment, it is very difficult to restart the work. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a laser additive manufacturing cutterhead structure for a mining tunnel boring machine.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a laser additive mining shield machine cutterhead structure, comprising a cutterhead frame and an annular drive disk, wherein a fixing ring is installed on the rear side of the cutterhead frame, and an annular limiting groove is formed between the inner walls of the fixing ring at the middle position; the annular drive disk is located inside the fixing ring, and a drive assembly is provided on the annular drive disk; an annular groove is formed on the rear side of the cutterhead frame, and a reversing mechanism is rotatably arranged between the inner walls of the annular groove;

[0006] The front side of the cutter head holder has multiple discharge ports equidistantly arranged along the circumferential direction. All of the discharge ports extend to the rear side of the cutter head holder. The front side of the cutter head holder has multiple through holes equidistantly arranged along the circumferential direction. Vibration components are installed inside the through holes. Multiple cover plates are equidistantly arranged between the inner walls of the discharge ports.

[0007] Preferably, the front side of the cutter head holder has multiple mounting slots at equal intervals, each mounting slot is located on one side of the through hole, and a cutting tool is provided between the inner walls of both sides of the multiple mounting slots, with the cutting ends of the multiple cutting tools extending to the front side of the cutter head holder.

[0008] Preferably, the cutter head holder has an inner cavity located in the middle, extending to the rear side of the cutter head holder. An annular retaining groove is formed between the inner walls of the inner cavity near the rear edge. A connecting pipe is provided inside the inner cavity, and a sleeve is fitted onto the outer surface of the connecting pipe. The sleeve and the connecting pipe are fixedly connected to each other. One end of the connecting pipe is slidably and sealingly engaged inside the annular retaining groove. Multiple drainage ports are equidistantly formed along the circumferential direction on the inner wall of the inner cavity, and all of the multiple drainage ports extend through the edge of the cutter head holder.

[0009] Preferably, the drive assembly includes an internal gear ring, which is fixed to the rear side of the annular drive disk near the edge of the outer surface. The outer surface of the internal gear ring extends and engages with the inner wall of the annular limiting groove near the rear edge. The inner wall of the fixing ring is provided with a plurality of trapezoidal slots at equal intervals along the circumferential direction. The front sides of the plurality of trapezoidal slots are inclined and the rear sides are vertical.

[0010] Preferably, the outer surface of the annular drive disk is provided with a plurality of storage cavities at equal intervals along the circumferential direction. An extension groove is provided on one side inner wall of the plurality of storage cavities. A first arc-shaped spring plate is fixed on the inner bottom surface of the extension groove at one side edge. A ratchet is rotatably provided between the inner top surface and bottom surface of the storage cavity near the front edge. One end of the first arc-shaped spring plate is movable and extends to fit with one end of the ratchet. The front side of the ratchet is inclined and the rear side is vertical. One end of the ratchet extends into the interior of the trapezoidal slot, and the vertical surface of the ratchet fits and limits the movement with the vertical surface of the trapezoidal slot.

[0011] Preferably, the reversing mechanism includes an annular pad, which is rotatably disposed between the inner walls of the annular settling trough. The rear side of the annular pad is fixed to the front side of the annular drive disk. The front side of the annular pad is provided with a plurality of through holes at equal intervals along the circumferential direction. The plurality of through holes all extend to the rear side of the annular drive disk and are opposite to the discharge port.

[0012] Preferably, the inner bottom surface of the annular sink has multiple annular grooves equidistantly spaced, and the front side of the annular pad has multiple annular slide plates equidistantly fixed. The multiple annular slide plates are slidably connected between the inner walls of the annular grooves. The tops of the multiple annular slide plates are concave, and the cross-section of the annular slide plates is U-shaped. The inner bottom surface of the annular slide plates has multiple bottom grooves equidistantly spaced along the circumferential direction. The inner bottom surface of the multiple bottom grooves has a bevel. The rear sides of the multiple cover plates are slidably and sealingly fitted to the front side of the annular slide plates.

[0013] Preferably, a second arc-shaped spring sheet is fixed to the inner bottom surface of each of the plurality of bottom grooves near the front edge. A shaped lever is rotatably arranged between the inner walls of the two sides of the bottom groove near the rear edge. The rear side of the bottom groove is inclined. One end of the shaped lever extends into the annular slide plate. The front and rear sides of the shaped lever are both inclined. The inclined surface of the rear side of the shaped lever is in contact with the inclined surface of the rear side of the bottom groove. The rear end of the second arc-shaped spring sheet is movable and extends above the bevel. The outer surface of the second arc-shaped spring sheet near the rear edge is in contact with the front bottom of the shaped lever.

[0014] Preferably, the vibration assembly includes a vibration rod, which is slidably and sealingly disposed between the inner walls of the through hole. The inner walls on both sides of the through hole are provided with side holes that extend into the drainage port. The bottom of the through hole extends into the interior of the annular groove. The bottom of the vibration rod extends slidably to fit against the inner bottom surface of the annular slide plate. The bottom of the vibration rod is located on one side of the irregularly shaped block and is opposite to the inclined surface of the irregularly shaped block. The top of the vibration rod extends slidably to the front outer surface of the cutter head holder.

[0015] Preferably, an adjustment cavity is formed between the inner walls of the through hole, a movable plate is fixed to the outer surface of the vibrating rod, the movable plate is slidably connected between the inner walls of the adjustment cavity, a return spring is fixed between the top of the movable plate and the inner top surface of the adjustment cavity, a transition cavity is formed inside the vibrating rod, a plurality of side openings are equidistantly formed between the inner walls of the transition cavity along the circumferential direction, and the plurality of side openings all penetrate to the outer surface of the vibrating rod, a flow channel is formed on the inner top surface of the transition cavity, the top of the flow channel penetrates to the upper end of the vibrating rod, and a plurality of nozzles are equidistantly formed near the top edge of the outer surface of the vibrating rod, and the plurality of nozzles all correspondingly penetrate into the flow channel.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0017] 1. This invention, by incorporating a drive assembly, a reversing mechanism, and a vibration assembly, enables high-pressure water injection and simultaneous hammering vibration in front of the cutterhead during laser additive manufacturing of rock formations when the cutting tool encounters hard ore and experiences obstruction or momentary stoppage. This softens the obstructing soil, making the ore easier to loosen. Simultaneously, the softened soil reduces the resistance when the cutterhead starts, facilitating restarting the cutterhead. This solves the problem that when using a cutterhead for tunneling, the cutting tool easily encounters hard ore and experiences obstruction or momentary stoppage, making restarting extremely difficult due to high cutting resistance and the overall weight of the equipment.

[0018] 2. When the drive component of this invention is working, during the rotation process, when the rear end of the ratchet rotates to the trapezoidal slot, the ratchet can enter the trapezoidal slot, so that the rear vertical surface of the ratchet is in contact with the rear vertical surface of the trapezoidal slot, and the front side of the ratchet is in contact with the front inner wall of the receiving cavity. The ratchet is limited by the front inner wall of the receiving cavity, so during rotation, the fixed ring can be pushed to rotate by the rear vertical surface of the ratchet, thereby driving the cutter head to rotate.

[0019] 3. When the reversing mechanism of the present invention is working, during the counterclockwise rotation of the annular drive disk, the mutual constraint between the rear vertical surface of the ratchet and the rear vertical surface of the trapezoidal slot is first released. During the rotation, the inclined surface of the front side of the ratchet will fit together with the inclined surface of the front side of the trapezoidal slot. The ratchet is pressed into the receiving cavity by the inclined surface of the front side of the trapezoidal slot. When pressing, the rear end of the first arc-shaped spring plate is pressed into the extension groove at the same time. At the same time, when the annular drive disk rotates counterclockwise, the inclined surface of the front end of the irregularly shaped block, which is lifted up by the second arc-shaped spring plate and placed inside the annular slide plate, contacts the bottom of the vibration rod. The vibration rod pushes the irregularly shaped block to the rear and flips it. When the irregularly shaped block is pushed to the rear, it is constrained and limited by the inclined surface of the rear side inside the bottom groove. At this time, the front end of the irregularly shaped block will flip into the annular slide plate. The inclined surface of the front side of the irregularly shaped block will push the vibration rod upward.

[0020] 4. When the vibration component of this invention is working, the vibration rod is intermittently lifted upward by the irregularly shaped pry block. During the process of lifting the vibration rod to the top, the reset spring is compressed, and multiple side ports slide to the positions opposite to the side holes. Multiple nozzles opened near the top of the vibration rod are located in front of the cutter head as the vibration rod extends. At this time, the external high-pressure water flow enters the inner cavity through the sleeve, and then enters the side port through the drain port and side hole in the inner cavity. Then it flows into the transition cavity, enters the nozzle through the flow channel inside the transition cavity, and finally is ejected from the nozzle under high pressure. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This invention provides a front-view three-dimensional structural diagram of a laser additive manufacturing cutterhead structure for a mining tunnel boring machine;

[0022] Figure 2 This invention provides a rear-view three-dimensional structural diagram of a laser additive manufacturing cutterhead structure for a mining tunnel boring machine;

[0023] Figure 3 This invention provides a cross-sectional three-dimensional structural diagram of a laser additive manufacturing cutterhead structure for a mining tunnel boring machine;

[0024] Figure 4 This invention provides a partial cross-sectional three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the cutterhead structure of a laser additive mining shield machine;

[0025] Figure 5This invention provides a cross-sectional three-dimensional structural diagram of the annular drive disk in the cutterhead structure of a laser additive mining shield machine;

[0026] Figure 6 This invention provides a top-view three-dimensional structural diagram of the reversing mechanism in the cutterhead structure of a laser additive mining shield machine;

[0027] Figure 7 This invention provides a partial cross-sectional three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the reversing mechanism in the cutterhead structure of a laser additive mining shield machine;

[0028] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 3 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle;

[0029] Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 4 A magnified view of a portion of point B in the middle.

[0030] In the diagram: 1. Cutter head holder; 2. Fixing ring; 3. Discharge port; 4. Mounting groove; 5. Cutter; 6. Cover plate; 7. Annular drive disc; 8. Internal gear ring; 9. Inner cavity; 10. Annular bayonet; 11. Connecting pipe; 12. Sleeve; 13. Annular limiting groove; 14. Through port; 15. Trapezoidal groove; 16. Ratchet; 17. Receiving cavity; 18. Extension groove; 19. First arc-shaped spring plate; 20. Drainage port; 21. Through hole; 22. Annular groove; 23. Annular settling groove; 24. Annular pad; 25. Adjustment cavity; 26. Vibration rod; 27. Movable plate; 28. Return spring; 29. ​​Transition cavity; 30. Side port; 31. Flow channel; 32. Nozzle; 33. Side hole; 34. Annular slide plate; 35. Bottom groove; 36. Irregularly shaped lever; 37. Twisted joint; 38. Second arc-shaped spring plate. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Please see Figures 1-9 The present invention provides a technical solution: a laser additive mining shield machine cutterhead structure, including a cutterhead frame 1 and an annular drive disk 7. A fixing ring 2 is installed on the rear side of the cutterhead frame 1. An annular limiting groove 13 is opened between the inner walls of the fixing ring 2 at the middle. The annular drive disk 7 is located inside the fixing ring 2. A drive assembly is provided on the annular drive disk 7. An annular groove 23 is opened on the rear side of the cutterhead frame 1. A reversing mechanism is rotatably arranged between the inner walls of the annular groove 23.

[0033] The front side of the cutter head holder 1 has multiple discharge ports 3 evenly spaced along the circumferential direction. All discharge ports 3 extend to the rear side of the cutter head holder 1. The front side of the cutter head holder 1 also has multiple through holes 21 evenly spaced along the circumferential direction. Vibration components are installed inside each through hole 21. Multiple cover plates 6 are evenly spaced between the inner walls of the discharge ports 3. The front side of the cutter head holder 1 also has multiple mounting slots 4 evenly spaced, each corresponding to one side of a through hole 21. Cutting tools 5 are installed between the inner walls of both sides of each mounting slot 4, with the cutting ends of the cutting tools 5 extending to the cutter head holder. On the front side, the inner cavity 9 is located in the middle of the inside of the cutter head holder 1. The inner cavity 9 extends to the rear side of the cutter head holder 1. An annular retaining groove 10 is provided between the inner walls of the inner cavity 9 near the rear edge. A connecting pipe 11 is provided inside the inner cavity 9. A sleeve 12 is fitted on the outer surface of the connecting pipe 11. The sleeve 12 and the connecting pipe 11 are fixedly connected to each other. One end of the connecting pipe 11 is slidably sealed and engaged inside the annular retaining groove 10. Multiple drainage ports 20 are provided at equal intervals along the circumferential direction on the inner wall of the inner cavity 9. The multiple drainage ports 20 extend through the edge of the cutter head holder 1.

[0034] The effect achieved is that, by incorporating a drive assembly, a reversing mechanism, and a vibration assembly, when the cutter head 5 encounters hard ore and becomes obstructed or momentarily stops during the excavation of laser additive manufacturing ore layers, high-pressure water injection and hammering vibration are applied to the front of the cutter head 1. This softens the obstructing soil in front, making the ore easier to loosen. At the same time, the softened soil also reduces the resistance when the cutter head 1 starts, making it easier for the cutter head 1 to restart. This solves the problem that when using the cutter head 1 to excavate, the cutter head 5 is easily obstructed or momentarily stops when encountering hard ore, and restarting is very difficult due to the high cutting resistance and the overall weight of the equipment.

[0035] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 5As shown, the drive assembly includes an internal gear ring 8, which is fixed to the rear side of the annular drive disk 7 near the edge of its outer surface. The outer surface of the internal gear ring 8 extends and slides near the rear edge, engaging with the inner wall of the annular limiting groove 13. The inner wall of the fixing ring 2 has multiple trapezoidal slots 15 equidistantly spaced along the circumferential direction. The front sides of the multiple trapezoidal slots 15 are all inclined, and the rear sides are vertical. The outer surface of the annular drive disk 7 has multiple receiving cavities 17 equidistantly spaced along the circumferential direction. One inner wall of each receiving cavity 17 has a... An extension groove 18 is provided, and a first arc-shaped spring plate 19 is fixed on one side edge of the inner bottom surface of the extension groove 18. A ratchet 16 is rotatably provided between the inner top and bottom surfaces of the receiving cavity 17 near the front edge. One end of the first arc-shaped spring plate 19 is movable and extends to fit with one end of the ratchet 16. The front side of the ratchet 16 is inclined and the rear side is vertical. One end of the ratchet 16 extends into the interior of the trapezoidal slot 15, and the vertical surface of the ratchet 16 fits and limits the vertical surface of the trapezoidal slot 15.

[0036] The effect achieved is that the external drive device meshes with the internal gear ring 8 on the rear side of the annular drive disk 7, thereby driving the annular drive disk 7 to rotate. When the annular drive disk 7 rotates clockwise, initially, the elastic force of the first arc-shaped spring plate 19 pushes the rear end of the ratchet 16 towards the outside of the receiving cavity 17, and makes the outer side of the rear end of the ratchet 16 slide against the inner wall of the fixing ring 2. During the rotation, when the rear end of the ratchet 16 rotates to the trapezoidal slot 15, the ratchet 16 can enter the trapezoidal slot 15, so that the rear vertical surface of the ratchet 16 is in contact with the rear vertical surface of the trapezoidal slot 15, and the front side of the ratchet 16 is in contact with the front inner wall of the receiving cavity 17. The ratchet 16 is limited by the front inner wall of the receiving cavity 17. Therefore, during rotation, the rear vertical surface of the ratchet 16 can push the fixing ring 2 to rotate, thereby driving the tool holder 1 to rotate.

[0037] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 9As shown, the reversing mechanism includes an annular pad 24, which is rotatably disposed between the inner walls of the annular trough 23. The rear side of the annular pad 24 is fixed to the front side of the annular drive disc 7. Multiple through-holes 14 are equidistantly opened along the circumferential direction on the front side of the annular pad 24, each through-hole 14 corresponding to the rear side of the annular drive disc 7 and corresponding to the discharge port 3. Multiple annular grooves 22 are equidistantly opened on the inner bottom surface of the annular trough 23. Multiple annular slide plates 34 are equidistantly fixed on the front side of the annular pad 24, each slidingly connected to the inner walls of the annular grooves 22. The tops of the multiple annular slide plates 34 are concave, and the cross-section of each annular slide plate 34 is U-shaped. The inner bottom surface of each annular slide plate 34 is equidistantly opened along the circumferential direction. Multiple bottom grooves 35 are provided, and each bottom surface of the multiple bottom grooves 35 has a bevel 37. The rear sides of multiple cover plates 6 are slidably sealed to the front side of the annular slide plate 34. A second arc-shaped spring plate 38 is fixed to the bottom surface of the multiple bottom grooves 35 near the front edge. A shaped lever 36 is rotatably arranged between the inner walls of the two sides of the bottom groove 35 near the rear edge. The rear side of the bottom groove 35 is inclined. One end of the shaped lever 36 extends into the annular slide plate 34. The front and rear sides of the shaped lever 36 are both inclined. The inclined surface of the rear side of the shaped lever 36 is in contact with the inclined surface of the rear side of the bottom groove 35. The rear end of the second arc-shaped spring plate 38 is movable and extends above the bevel 37. The outer surface of the second arc-shaped spring plate 38 near the rear edge is in contact with the front bottom of the shaped lever 36.

[0038] The effect achieved is as follows: when the annular drive disk 7 rotates clockwise, the rear vertical surface of the ratchet 16 and the rear vertical surface of the trapezoidal slot 15 are in contact with each other, thereby driving the fixed ring 2 to rotate. Initially, during the clockwise rotation of the annular drive disk 7, the rear end of the irregularly shaped block 36 is lifted upwards into the annular slide plate 34 by the second arc-shaped spring plate 38. The bottom end of the vibration rod 26 is in contact with the rear inclined surface of the irregularly shaped block 36. At this time, the downward pressure of the return spring 28 on the vibration rod 26 is greater than the upward elastic force of the second arc-shaped spring plate 38 on the irregularly shaped block 36. Therefore, the irregularly shaped block 36 can be pressed into the bottom groove 35 along the rear inclined surface of the irregularly shaped block 36. Simultaneously, the rear end of the second arc-shaped spring plate 38 is pressed into the recess 37, preventing the vibration assembly from working. During the excavation process, when the cutter 5 encounters hard ore and experiences resistance or momentary stoppage, the annular drive disk 7 needs to be rotated counterclockwise to drive the vibration assembly to work and move the cutter... The soil in front of the frame 1 is softened. During the counterclockwise rotation of the annular drive disc 7, the mutual constraint between the rear vertical surface of the ratchet 16 and the rear vertical surface of the trapezoidal slot 15 is first released. During the rotation, the inclined surface of the front side of the ratchet 16 will fit against the inclined surface of the front side of the trapezoidal slot 15. The ratchet 16 is pressed into the receiving cavity 17 by the inclined surface of the front side of the trapezoidal slot 15. When pressing, the rear end of the first arc-shaped spring plate 19 is pressed into the extension groove 18 at the same time. 7. When rotating counterclockwise, the inclined surface of the front end of the irregularly shaped paddle 36, which is lifted upward by the second arc-shaped spring plate 38 and placed inside the annular slide plate 34, comes into contact with the bottom of the vibration rod 26. The vibration rod 26 then moves the irregularly shaped paddle 36 to the rear and flips it over. When the irregularly shaped paddle 36 is moved to the rear, it is constrained and limited by the inclined surface on the rear side inside the bottom groove 35. At this time, the front end of the irregularly shaped paddle 36 will flip into the annular slide plate 34, and the inclined surface on the front side of the irregularly shaped paddle 36 will lift the vibration rod 26 upward.

[0039] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 7 and Figure 9As shown, the vibration assembly includes a vibration rod 26, which is slidably sealed between the inner walls of the through hole 21. Side holes 33 extending into the drainage port 20 are provided on both sides of the inner walls of the through hole 21. The bottom of the through hole 21 extends into the annular recess 23. The bottom of the vibration rod 26 slides to fit against the inner bottom surface of the annular slide plate 34. The bottom of the vibration rod 26 is located on one side of the irregularly shaped lever 36, opposite to the inclined surface of the irregularly shaped lever 36. The top of the vibration rod 26 slides to the front outer surface of the cutter head holder 1. An adjustment cavity 25 is provided between the inner walls of the through hole 21. The outer surface of the vibration rod 26 is fixed. A movable plate 27 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the adjustment cavity 25. A return spring 28 is fixed between the top of the movable plate 27 and the inner top surface of the adjustment cavity 25. A transition cavity 29 is opened inside the vibration rod 26. Multiple side openings 30 are equidistantly opened along the circumferential direction between the inner walls of the transition cavity 29. The multiple side openings 30 all penetrate to the outer surface of the vibration rod 26. A flow channel 31 is opened on the inner top surface of the transition cavity 29. The top of the flow channel 31 penetrates to the upper end of the vibration rod 26. Multiple nozzles 32 are equidistantly opened on the outer surface of the vibration rod 26 near the top edge. The multiple nozzles 32 all penetrate into the interior of the flow channel 31.

[0040] The effect achieved is that the sleeve 12 is connected to the external high-pressure water supply pipe. Under the rotation of the annular drive disc 7, the vibrating rod 26 is intermittently lifted upward by the irregularly shaped paddle block 36. During the process of lifting the vibrating rod 26 to the top, the return spring 28 is compressed, and multiple side ports 30 slide to the position opposite to the side holes 33. Multiple nozzles 32 opened near the top of the vibrating rod 26 are located in front of the cutter head 1 as the vibrating rod 26 extends. At this time, the external high-pressure water flows into the inner cavity 9 through the sleeve 12, and then enters the side port 30 through the drain port 20 and the side hole 33 in the inner cavity 9. Then it flows into the transition cavity 29, enters the nozzle 32 through the flow channel 31 inside the transition cavity 29, and finally is ejected from the nozzle 32 under high pressure.

[0041] Working principle: When using this device, the external drive device meshes with the internal gear ring 8 on the rear side of the annular drive disk 7, thereby driving the annular drive disk 7 to rotate. During the clockwise rotation of the annular drive disk 7, initially, the elastic force of the first arc-shaped spring plate 19 pushes the rear end of the ratchet 16 towards the outside of the receiving cavity 17, causing the outer rear end of the ratchet 16 to slide against the inner wall of the fixing ring 2. During rotation, when the rear end of the ratchet 16 rotates to the trapezoidal slot 15, the ratchet 16 enters the trapezoidal slot 15, causing the rear vertical surface of the ratchet 16 to fit against the rear vertical surface of the trapezoidal slot 15, and the front side of the ratchet 16 to fit against the front inner wall of the receiving cavity 17. The ratchet 16 is then subjected to pressure from the front inner wall of the receiving cavity 17. The limit is that during rotation, the fixed ring 2 can be pushed to rotate by the rear vertical surface of the ratchet 16, thereby driving the tool holder 1 to rotate. When the annular drive disk 7 rotates clockwise, the rear vertical surface of the ratchet 16 and the rear vertical surface of the trapezoidal slot 15 are in contact with each other, thereby driving the fixed ring 2 to rotate. In the process of the annular drive disk 7 rotating clockwise, initially, the rear end of the irregular block 36 is lifted upward by the second arc-shaped spring plate 38 and raised into the annular slide plate 34. The bottom end of the vibration rod 26 is in contact with the rear inclined surface of the irregular block 36. At this time, the downward pressure of the return spring 28 on the vibration rod 26 is greater than the upward elastic force of the second arc-shaped spring plate 38 on the irregular block 36. Therefore, the irregular block 36 can be pushed along the rear inclined surface of the irregular block 36. The shaped lever 36 presses into the bottom groove 35. Simultaneously, the rear end of the second arc-shaped spring plate 38 is pressed into the recess 37, preventing the vibration assembly from operating. During tunneling, when the cutter 5 encounters hard ore and experiences resistance or momentary pause, the annular drive disc 7 needs to be rotated counterclockwise to drive the vibration assembly and soften the soil in front of the cutter head 1. During the counterclockwise rotation of the annular drive disc 7, the mutual constraint between the rear vertical surface of the ratchet 16 and the rear vertical surface of the trapezoidal slot 15 is released. During rotation, the inclined surface of the front side of the ratchet 16 will fit against the inclined surface of the front side of the trapezoidal slot 15, pressing the ratchet 16 into the receiving cavity 17 through the inclined surface of the trapezoidal slot 15. Simultaneously, the second arc-shaped spring plate 38 is pressed into the recess 37. An arc-shaped spring plate 19 is pressed into the extension groove 18 at its rear end. Simultaneously, as the annular drive disc 7 rotates counterclockwise, the inclined surface of the front end of the irregularly shaped lever 36, which is lifted upwards by the second arc-shaped spring plate 38 and placed inside the annular slide plate 34, contacts the bottom of the vibrating rod 26. The vibrating rod 26 then moves the irregularly shaped lever 36 backwards. When the lever 36 is moved to the rear, it is constrained and limited by the inclined surface on the rear side inside the bottom groove 35. At this time, the front end of the irregularly shaped lever 36 flips into the annular slide plate 34, lifting the vibrating rod 26 upwards through the inclined surface on the front side of the lever 36. This connects the sleeve 12 to the external high-pressure water supply pipe. Under the rotation of the annular drive disc 7, the irregularly shaped lever 36 intermittently lifts the vibrating rod 26 upwards.During the process of lifting the vibrating rod 26 to the top, the return spring 28 is compressed, and multiple side openings 30 slide to positions opposite to the side holes 33. Multiple nozzles 32, located near the top of the vibrating rod 26, extend outwards and are positioned in front of the cutter head holder 1. At this time, external high-pressure water flows through the sleeve 12 into the inner cavity 9, then through the drain port 20 and side holes 33 into the side openings 30, and then into the transition cavity 29. Inside the transition cavity 29, water flows through the flow channel 31 into the nozzles 32, and finally is ejected at high pressure from the nozzles 32.

[0042] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser additive manufacturing cutterhead structure for a mining tunnel boring machine, characterized in that, The tool holder (1) includes a tool holder (1) and an annular drive disk (7). A fixing ring (2) is installed on the rear side of the tool holder (1). An annular limiting groove (13) is provided between the inner walls of the fixing ring (2) at the middle. The annular drive disk (7) is located inside the fixing ring (2). A drive assembly is provided on the annular drive disk (7). An annular groove (23) is provided on the rear side of the tool holder (1). A reversing mechanism is rotatably provided between the inner walls of the annular groove (23). The front side of the cutter head holder (1) is provided with multiple discharge ports (3) at equal intervals along the circumferential direction. The multiple discharge ports (3) all extend to the rear side of the cutter head holder (1). The front side of the cutter head holder (1) is provided with multiple through holes (21) at equal intervals along the circumferential direction. The interior of the multiple through holes (21) is provided with a vibration component. The inner walls of the multiple discharge ports (3) are provided with multiple cover plates (6) at equal intervals. The reversing mechanism includes an annular pad (24), which is rotatably disposed between the inner walls of the annular sink (23). The rear side of the annular pad (24) is fixed to the front side of the annular drive disc (7). The front side of the annular pad (24) is provided with multiple through holes (14) at equal intervals along the circumferential direction. Each of the multiple through holes (14) extends to the rear side of the annular drive disc (7). Each of the multiple through holes (14) is provided with multiple annular grooves (22) at equal intervals relative to the discharge port (3) on the inner bottom surface of the annular sink (23). Multiple annular slide plates (34) are fixed at equal intervals on the front side of the annular pad (24). Each of the multiple annular slide plates (34) is slidably connected between the inner walls of the annular grooves (22). The top of each of the multiple annular slide plates (34) is concave, and the cross-section of the annular slide plate (34) is U-shaped. The inner bottom surface of the annular slide plate (34) is provided with multiple through holes at equal intervals along the circumferential direction. Multiple bottom grooves (35) are provided, and the bottom surfaces of the multiple bottom grooves (35) are provided with bevels (37). The rear sides of the multiple cover plates (6) are slidably sealed to the front side of the annular slide plate (34). The bottom surfaces of the multiple bottom grooves (35) are fixed with second arc-shaped spring plates (38) near the front edge. The inner walls of the two sides of the bottom groove (35) are rotatably provided with irregularly shaped paddles (36) near the rear edge. The rear side of the bottom groove (35) is inclined. In this configuration, one end of the irregularly shaped paddle (36) extends into the annular slide plate (34). The front and rear sides of the irregularly shaped paddle (36) are both inclined. The inclined surface of the rear side of the irregularly shaped paddle (36) is in contact with the inclined surface of the rear side of the bottom groove (35). The rear end of the second arc-shaped spring sheet (38) is movable and extends above the bevel (37). The outer surface of the second arc-shaped spring sheet (38) near the rear edge is in contact with the bottom of the front side of the irregularly shaped paddle (36).

2. The laser additive manufacturing cutterhead structure for a mining tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front side of the cutter head holder (1) is provided with multiple mounting slots (4) at equal intervals. Each of the multiple mounting slots (4) is located on one side of the through hole (21). A cutting tool (5) is provided between the inner walls of both sides of the multiple mounting slots (4). The cutting ends of the multiple cutting tools (5) extend to the front side of the cutter head holder (1).

3. The laser additive manufacturing cutterhead structure for a mining tunnel boring machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner cavity (9) is located in the middle of the cutter head holder (1). The inner cavity (9) extends to the rear side of the cutter head holder (1). An annular slot (10) is provided between the inner walls of the inner cavity (9) near the rear edge. A connecting pipe (11) is provided inside the inner cavity (9). A sleeve (12) is fitted on the outer surface of the connecting pipe (11). The sleeve (12) and the connecting pipe (11) are fixedly connected to each other. One end of the connecting pipe (11) is slidably sealed and locked inside the annular slot (10). Multiple drainage ports (20) are provided at equal intervals along the circumferential direction on the inner wall of the inner cavity (9). The multiple drainage ports (20) extend through the edge of the cutter head holder (1).

4. The laser additive manufacturing cutterhead structure for a mining tunnel boring machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The drive assembly includes an internal gear ring (8), which is fixed to the rear side of the annular drive disk (7) near the edge of the outer surface. The outer surface of the internal gear ring (8) extends and engages with the inner wall of the annular limiting groove (13) near the rear edge. The inner wall of the fixing ring (2) is provided with multiple trapezoidal slots (15) at equal intervals along the circumferential direction. The front sides of the multiple trapezoidal slots (15) are inclined and the rear sides are vertical.

5. The laser additive manufacturing cutterhead structure for a mining tunnel boring machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outer surface of the annular drive disk (7) is provided with a plurality of storage cavities (17) at equal intervals along the circumferential direction. An extension groove (18) is provided on one side inner wall of the plurality of storage cavities (17). A first arc-shaped spring plate (19) is fixed on the inner bottom surface of the extension groove (18) at one side edge. A ratchet (16) is rotatably provided between the inner top surface and bottom surface of the storage cavity (17) near the front edge. One end of the first arc-shaped spring plate (19) is movable and extends to fit with one end of the ratchet (16). The front side of the ratchet (16) is inclined and the rear side is vertical. One end of the ratchet (16) extends into the interior of the trapezoidal slot (15), and the vertical surface of the ratchet (16) fits and limits the vertical surface of the trapezoidal slot (15).

6. The laser additive manufacturing cutterhead structure for a mining tunnel boring machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The vibration assembly includes a vibration rod (26), which is slidably and sealed between the inner walls of the through hole (21). The inner walls on both sides of the through hole (21) are provided with side holes (33) that penetrate into the inside of the drain port (20). The bottom of the through hole (21) penetrates into the inside of the annular sink (23). The bottom of the vibration rod (26) slides and extends to fit against the bottom surface inside the annular slide plate (34). The bottom of the vibration rod (26) is located on one side of the irregular shaped paddle (36) and is opposite to the inclined surface of the irregular shaped paddle (36). The top of the vibration rod (26) slides and extends to the front outer surface of the cutter head holder (1).

7. The laser additive manufacturing cutterhead structure for a mining tunnel boring machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: An adjustment cavity (25) is provided between the inner walls of the through hole (21). A movable plate (27) is fixed on the outer surface of the vibration rod (26). The movable plate (27) is slidably connected between the inner walls of the adjustment cavity (25). A return spring (28) is fixed between the top of the movable plate (27) and the inner top surface of the adjustment cavity (25). A transition cavity (29) is provided inside the vibration rod (26). Multiple side openings (30) are provided at equal intervals along the circumferential direction between the inner walls of the transition cavity (29). The multiple side openings (30) all penetrate to the outer surface of the vibration rod (26). A flow channel (31) is provided on the inner top surface of the transition cavity (29). The top of the flow channel (31) penetrates to the upper end of the vibration rod (26). Multiple nozzles (32) are provided at equal intervals near the top edge of the outer surface of the vibration rod (26). The multiple nozzles (32) all penetrate to the interior of the flow channel (31).

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