Method for simulating infrared characteristics of thick and heavy steel plate in all-weather manner
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511541757.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-10-27
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-19
AI Technical Summary
Traditional passive simulation methods struggle to realistically simulate the infrared characteristics of thick metallic targets, especially when thermal inertia is high. This results in difficulties in deploying simulation materials, high costs, and insufficient realism in the characteristics.
By using a phase change material plate as the core layer and combining it with a thin metal plate for encapsulation, the latent heat storage performance of the phase change material is utilized. Through the combination of materials with different phase change temperatures, the infrared characteristics of thick steel plates are simulated, thereby reducing weight and cost.
It achieves high-precision, low-cost simulation of the infrared characteristics of thick metal targets in all weather conditions, and provides a cheap, lightweight, and durable simulation material solution.
Smart Images
Figure CN121164352A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the field of infrared characteristic simulation technology, and particularly relates to a method for simulating infrared characteristics of heavy steel plates in all-weather. BACKGROUND
[0002] Traditional passive simulation is influenced by single surface emissivity, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, density and the like, and it is difficult to realistically simulate the intrinsic infrared radiation characteristics of a target under the condition of solar radiation. In particular, when simulating thick metal targets with large thermal inertia, if a slow temperature rise of thick heavy metal materials is simulated based on the principle of sensible heat storage, a large mass of simulation objects is required to achieve the simulation, which makes the deployment of infrared characteristic simulation materials difficult and costly. In addition, in the application process, the existing infrared simulation materials based on passive control also have the problems of insufficient characteristic fidelity and time-varying not meeting the real characteristics of the target. SUMMARY
[0003] The present application provides a method for simulating infrared characteristics of heavy steel plates in all-weather.
[0004] The present application provides a method for simulating infrared characteristics of heavy steel plates in all-weather. Collecting air temperature data of a to-be-tested area, and determining a target temperature according to the air temperature data; Determining a phase change material for preparing a phase change material plate according to the target temperature; Preparation of a core layer of a phase change material plate for simulating a heavy steel plate by using the phase change material; Packaging a metal sheet outside the core layer to obtain a phase change material plate comprising the core layer and the metal sheet; Using the phase change material plate to simulate a heavy metal plate for infrared characteristic test.
[0005] In a possible design, the collecting of the air temperature data of the to-be-tested area and the determining of the target temperature according to the air temperature data comprises: Collecting air temperature data of a to-be-tested area, and determining a phase change temperature and a phase change material with a temperature difference less than a preset temperature from the air temperature data.
[0006] In a possible design, the preset temperature is 3-10℃.
[0007] In a possible design, the collecting of the air temperature data of the to-be-tested area and the determining of the target temperature according to the air temperature data comprises: Collecting spring average temperature, summer average temperature and annual average temperature of the to-be-tested area; Determine three kinds of phase change materials respectively, and the spring average temperature, summer average temperature and annual average temperature air temperature data difference less than the preset temperature of three kinds of phase change materials.
[0008] In a possible design, the core layer of the phase change material plate for simulating the heavy steel plate is prepared by using the phase change material, including: The three kinds of phase change material are stacked to obtain the core layer of the phase change material plate.
[0009] In a possible design, the thickness of the metal sheet is 1mm.
[0010] In a possible design, before the core layer of the phase change material plate for simulating the heavy steel plate is prepared by using the phase change material, further including: According to the thickness of the heavy steel plate to be simulated, the thickness of the phase change material plate for simulation is determined, so that the thickness of the phase change material plate is half of the thickness of the heavy steel plate.
[0011] In a possible design, the thickness of the heavy steel plate is 200mm.
[0012] In a possible design, the material of the metal sheet and the material of the heavy steel plate to be simulated are the same.
[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present application has at least the following beneficial effects: The present application discloses a method for simulating the infrared characteristics of a heavy steel plate in all-weather based on the latent heat storage principle, which solves the problem that the all-weather infrared characteristics of a heavy metal steel plate target are difficult to be simulated by a light object under passive control conditions, and provides a cheap, light and durable characteristic simulation material solution for simulating the passive infrared characteristics of a heavy metal target in all-weather. The method stores heat energy by using the latent heat storage performance of phase change materials, and by using phase change materials with different phase change temperatures, the all-weather infrared characteristics of the simulation material and the heavy steel plate in the same environment are similar. Based on the diversity of phase change materials, the corresponding phase change materials that meet the requirements can be selected according to the meteorological characteristics of different regions. Compared with conventional methods, the method can realize high-precision simulation of the all-weather infrared characteristics of a heavy metal steel plate under passive conditions based on the unique latent heat storage performance of phase change materials. At the same time, the thickness, mass and cost of the simulation object are reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0014] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to these drawings without creative labor.
[0015] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a principle of simulating infrared characteristics of thick steel plates all-weather based on latent heat storage principle according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a flat plate theoretical model according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a structure of a composite phase change simulation material according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 A simulation cloud picture of surface temperatures of thick steel plates and phase change composite plates at 0:00, 3:00, 6:00, 9:00, 12:00, 15:00, 18:00, 21:00 and 24:00 on a certain day in spring according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 A simulation cloud picture of surface temperatures of thick steel plates and phase change composite plates at 0:00, 3:00, 6:00, 9:00, 12:00, 15:00, 18:00, 21:00 and 24:00 on a certain day in summer according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 A simulation cloud picture of surface temperatures of thick steel plates and phase change composite plates at 0:00, 3:00, 6:00, 9:00, 12:00, 15:00, 18:00, 21:00 and 24:00 on a certain day in autumn according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 A simulation cloud picture of surface temperatures of thick steel plates and phase change composite plates at 0:00, 3:00, 6:00, 9:00, 12:00, 15:00, 18:00, 21:00 and 24:00 on a certain day in winter according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0016] In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative work on the basis of the embodiments in the present application belong to the scope of protection of the present application.
[0017] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 The embodiments of the present application provide a method for simulating infrared characteristics of thick steel plates all-weather, comprising: Collecting air temperature data of a region to be tested, and determining a target temperature according to the air temperature data; Determining a phase change material for preparing a phase change material plate according to the target temperature; Preparing a core layer of the phase change material plate for simulating thick steel plates by using the phase change material; The metal sheet is encapsulated outside the core layer to obtain a phase change material plate comprising the core layer and the metal sheet; The phase change material plate is used to simulate a heavy metal plate to perform infrared characteristic test.
[0018] The metal sheet has the same shell as the heavy steel plate and has the same surface properties as the heavy steel plate. The core layer of the phase change material has a phase change temperature close to the air temperature data. Since the phase change material has good latent heat storage function, it can simulate the infrared radiation characteristics of the heavy steel plate without the need of large mass and thickness.
[0019] The phase change material needs to be a material with latent heat storage characteristics to meet the engineering application requirements. A suitable material is selected as the infrared characteristic simulation material according to the thermal physical parameters (thermal conductivity, phase change latent heat, density, specific heat capacity and phase change temperature) of the material. The thermal conductivity represents the heat conduction capacity of the phase change material. The phase change latent heat represents the heat released or absorbed by the phase change material during the phase change process. The specific heat capacity is the heat capacity of the phase change material, that is, the heat absorbed or released when the temperature changes by one unit. The phase change temperature is the temperature at which the material changes phase.
[0020] In some embodiments of the present application, the air temperature data of the region to be tested is collected, and the target temperature is determined according to the air temperature data, comprising: The air temperature data of the region to be tested is collected, and the phase change temperature and the phase change material with a phase change temperature difference less than a preset temperature from the air temperature data are determined according to the air temperature data.
[0021] In some embodiments of the present application, the preset temperature is 3-10℃.
[0022] In some embodiments of the present application, the air temperature data of the region to be tested is collected, and the phase change temperature and the phase change material with a phase change temperature difference less than a preset temperature from the air temperature data are determined according to the air temperature data, comprising: The average temperature in spring, the average temperature in summer and the average temperature throughout the year of the region to be tested are collected; Three kinds of phase change materials with a phase change temperature difference less than a preset temperature from the average temperature in spring, the average temperature in summer and the average temperature throughout the year are determined respectively.
[0023] In some embodiments of the present application, the core layer of the phase change material plate for simulating the heavy steel plate is prepared by using the phase change material, comprising: The three kinds of phase change materials are stacked to obtain the core layer of the phase change material plate.
[0024] In some embodiments of the present application, the thickness of the metal sheet is 1mm.
[0025] In some embodiments of the present application, before the core layer of the phase change material plate for simulating the heavy steel plate is prepared by using the phase change material, it further comprises: The thickness of the phase change material plate used for simulation is determined according to the thickness of the heavy steel plate to be simulated, and is half of the thickness of the heavy steel plate.
[0026] In some embodiments of the present application, the thickness of the heavy steel plate is 200 mm.
[0027] In some embodiments of the present application, the material of the metal sheet and the material of the heavy steel plate simulated are the same.
[0028] The infrared characteristics of a 200 mm thick metal steel plate and a 100 mm thick phase change material plate are simulated.
[0029] The metal steel plate and the phase change composite plate are respectively placed on the ground, and the target mainly exchanges energy with the environment through heat conduction, convective heat exchange and thermal radiation. To simplify the calculation, a one-dimensional plate model is used for theoretical simulation (as shown in Figure 2 The infrared radiation characteristics of the actual target under the condition of limited size are approximately calculated, and the following assumptions are made: 1. One-dimensional heat conduction along the y direction in each layer of material; 2. The contact thermal resistance between each layer can be ignored, the upper surface absorbs solar radiation energy, and convective and radiative heat exchange occurs between the environment; 3. The influence of solar radiation height and radiation angle is ignored; 4. The metal sheet is used to encapsulate the phase change material according to the actual situation, and the thickness of the metal sheet is 1 mm.
[0030] According to the principle of heat transfer, the control equation and boundary condition of the metal plate are established, and the heat conduction differential equation is:
[0031] Where subscript m represents the metal plate, is the thermal conductivity of the metal plate, is the density of the metal plate, is the specific heat of the metal plate.
[0032] The heat flux of the upper surface is:
[0033] Where cond represents conduction, s represents the sun, rad represents radiation, and conv represents convection. is the radiation heat flux density transmitted to the outer surface by the environment, The average convection coefficient can be calculated by the model of natural convection, that is:
[0034] Where v is the wind speed (m / s).
[0035] (1) Surface radiation of the object The surface radiation heat equation of the phase change material is as follows:
[0036] In the formula, ε is the average surface emissivity; σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant; A is the surface area of the phase change material layer; t is the phase change process time; and T is the surface temperature of the phase change material. Wherein, ε depends on the material surface properties, surface temperature and surface condition.
[0037] (2) Solar shortwave radiation The absorbed solar radiation heat equation is as follows:
[0038] In the formula, is the solar energy absorption rate; is the solar irradiance, and is the absorbed solar shortwave irradiance. Wherein, is related to the azimuth and elevation angle of the sun, and is determined by the optical properties of the object surface, which can be calculated according to the solar reflectivity , that is,
[0039] (3) Convective heat transfer Taking the natural convection heat transfer of a flat plate as an example, Q3 is calculated by the following formula
[0040] Wherein, T is the object temperature (K), Tb is the background temperature (K); h is the convective heat transfer surface heat transfer coefficient (W / m 2 K); A is the surface area (m 2 ); Nu is the Nusselt number; is the air thermal conductivity (W / m·K); g is the gravitational acceleration (m / s 2 ). α is the air thermal expansion coefficient (K -1 ); d is the characteristic length (m), the short side length of the rectangle (flat plate); is the kinematic viscosity (m 2 / s); B is a constant; and Pr is the Prandtl number.
[0041] The initial temperature of the model is set to T0, that is:
[0042] The control equation and boundary condition of the phase change material plate are as follows:
[0043] where subscript P represents the phase change material, and HP is the specific enthalpy of the phase change material. According to the enthalpy method model, it is defined as follows:
[0044] In the formula: , Cp and C are the specific heat of the phase change material in solid and liquid states, respectively; Tmin and Tmax are the start and end temperatures of the phase change, respectively; and Q1 is the latent heat of phase change.
[0045] In this embodiment, the temperature cloud maps of two target surfaces at different times are selected for comparison to verify the equivalence of the phase change composite board as a simulated thick steel plate. The selected times are 0:00, 3:00, 6:00, 9:00, 12:00, 15:00, 18:00, 21:00, and 24:00. The comparison results are shown in Figures 4-7 At the same time, the left graph is the temperature cloud map of the steel plate surface, and the right graph is the temperature cloud map of the phase change composite board. It can be seen that the center temperature of the phase change composite board is generally higher than that of the metal steel plate, but the temperature difference is small, and the temperature change trend and temperature distribution characteristics are similar to those of the steel plate. Therefore, it can be determined that the phase change composite board of this combination can be equivalent to replace the metal steel plate in this embodiment.
Claims
1. A method of simulating the infrared signature of heavy steel plate under all weather conditions, characterized in that, The application relates to a method for simulating a thick steel plate by using a phase change material plate. The method comprises the following steps: collecting air temperature data of a region to be tested, and determining a target temperature according to the air temperature data; determining a phase change material for preparing a phase change material plate according to the target temperature; preparing a core layer of the phase change material plate for simulating a thick steel plate by using the phase change material; encapsulating a metal sheet outside the core layer to obtain the phase change material plate comprising the core layer and the metal sheet; 2. The method of claim 1, wherein, performing infrared characteristic test on the phase change material plate for simulating a thick steel plate. The method for collecting air temperature data of a region to be tested, and determining a target temperature according to the air temperature data comprises the following steps:
3. The method of claim 2, wherein, collecting air temperature data of a region to be tested, and determining a phase change temperature and a phase change material with a temperature difference less than a preset temperature from the air temperature data.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein, The preset temperature is 3-10 DEG C. The method for collecting air temperature data of a region to be tested, and determining a phase change temperature and a phase change material with a temperature difference less than a preset temperature from the air temperature data comprises the following steps: collecting spring average temperature, summer average temperature and annual average temperature of the region to be tested; 5. The method of claim 4, wherein, determining three kinds of phase change materials with a temperature difference less than a preset temperature from the spring average temperature, the summer average temperature and the annual average temperature respectively. The method for preparing a core layer of the phase change material plate for simulating a thick steel plate by using the phase change material comprises the following steps:
6. The method of claim 1, wherein, stacking the three kinds of phase change materials to obtain the core layer of the phase change material plate.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein, The thickness of the metal sheet is 1 mm. Before the method for preparing a core layer of the phase change material plate for simulating a thick steel plate by using the phase change material, the method further comprises the following steps:
8. The method according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that, determining the thickness of the phase change material plate for simulation according to the thickness of the thick steel plate to be simulated, so that the thickness of the phase change material plate is half of the thick steel plate.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein, The thickness of the thick steel plate is 200 mm. The material of the metal sheet is the same as that of the thick steel plate to be simulated. The application further discloses a phase change material plate for simulating a thick steel plate.