Superconducting magnet composite cooling device and cooling method

Abstract

This disclosure provides a superconducting magnet composite cooling device and cooling method thereof, belonging to the field of superconducting magnet technology. The device includes a helium tube embedded in the iron core of the superconducting magnet in a serpentine reciprocating manner, configured to inject liquid helium to cool the iron core; and a three-dimensional network unit disposed at a predetermined position on the superconducting magnet, configured to receive the cooling energy transmitted by the iron core and transmit the cooling energy along the axial and radial directions of the superconducting magnet.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of superconducting magnet technology, and more specifically, to a superconducting magnet composite cooling device and its cooling method. Background Technology

[0002] Current superconducting magnet cooling technology faces significant technical challenges, primarily in the following three aspects: First, while traditional liquid helium immersion cooling is simple and reliable, it requires a large-volume helium tank structure. Under rapid excitation rates, the helium tank itself experiences a significant temperature rise due to eddy current effects, leading to temperature runaway in the entire cooling system. Second, traditional forced-flow cooling technology achieves forced convection heat dissipation through external liquid helium circulation. However, since the cooling capacity can only be transferred through the surface of the flow channel, heat dissipation inside the magnet, especially in the inner region of the coil far from the flow channel, is poor, easily leading to localized overheating and quench failure. Third, while conduction cooling avoids the use of liquid helium, it requires multiple high-power refrigerators, significantly increasing system cost and footprint, and making it difficult to meet the transient heat dissipation requirements under rapidly changing operating conditions.

[0003] These technological limitations mean that existing cooling solutions cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of efficiency, cost, and structural compactness. This leads to situations where the local temperature of fast-pulse superconducting magnets exceeds the critical threshold under extreme operating conditions, seriously threatening the safe operation of the system. Especially in rapid excitation applications, traditional cooling methods are either insufficient in cooling capacity or too complex and expensive. There is an urgent need to develop new, efficient, compact, and reliable cooling solutions to overcome this technological bottleneck. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present disclosure provides a superconducting magnet composite cooling device and cooling method thereof, which can at least partially solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0005] One aspect of this disclosure provides a superconducting magnet composite cooling device, comprising: a helium tube, embedded in the core of a superconducting magnet in a serpentine reciprocating manner, configured to inject liquid helium to cool the core; and a three-dimensional network unit, disposed at a preset position on the superconducting magnet, configured to receive the cooling energy transferred from the core and transfer the cooling energy along the axial and radial directions of the superconducting magnet.

[0006] According to an embodiment of this disclosure, the iron core includes: a plurality of channels axially embedded inside the iron core; a plurality of through holes respectively disposed on a first end face and a second end face of the iron core, wherein a through hole on the first end face and a through hole on the second end face are coaxially connected to a channel; the first end face and the second end face are opposite to each other.

[0007] According to an embodiment of this disclosure, a helium tube is embedded in the core of a superconducting magnet in a serpentine reciprocating manner, comprising: the helium tube being inserted into a through hole on a first end face of the core, and sequentially passing through a channel coaxially connected to the through hole and a corresponding through hole on a second end face; the helium tube being inserted into a through hole adjacent to the corresponding through hole on the second end face, and sequentially passing through a channel coaxially connected to the through hole and a corresponding through hole on the first end face, forming a serpentine reciprocating unit; multiple serpentine reciprocating units are connected sequentially, so that the helium tube alternately travels back and forth along the axial direction inside the core, passing through all through holes and channels.

[0008] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the three-dimensional network unit includes: a plurality of cooling strips extending along the axial direction of the superconducting magnet and laid in the circumferential direction of the superconducting magnet coil; a plurality of cooling rings radially wound around a predetermined area of ​​the plurality of cooling strips; and a plurality of cooling plates disposed in the predetermined area of ​​the superconducting magnet and configured to receive the cold energy transmitted by the iron core and transmit the cold energy to the plurality of cooling strips and the plurality of cooling rings.

[0009] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the plurality of cold-conducting plates include: a plurality of grooves, one groove being disposed on one cold-conducting plate; wherein each cold-conducting ring is inserted into a cold-conducting plate through a groove.

[0010] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the core further includes a plurality of flow channels, each flow channel being disposed near each through hole and configured to inject epoxy resin to fix the helium tube and the core.

[0011] According to embodiments of this disclosure, it further includes a temperature sensor configured to detect the local temperature of the superconducting magnet.

[0012] According to embodiments of this disclosure, it further includes: an adjustment unit configured to automatically adjust the liquid helium flow rate and liquid helium temperature of the injection helium tube when the local temperature is greater than a preset temperature.

[0013] The second aspect of this disclosure provides a composite cooling method for a superconducting magnet, wherein the superconducting magnet is cooled using the aforementioned apparatus, and the temperature rise of the superconducting magnet is not greater than 0.8K.

[0014] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the device adopts a serpentine reciprocating helium tube layout. By optimizing the channel design, the contact area between liquid helium and the iron core is maximized, which effectively improves the heat exchange efficiency and solves the problem of local overheating.

[0015] Meanwhile, a unique three-dimensional network unit was used to construct an axial-radial coordinated cooling path, which realized the three-dimensional conduction of cold energy inside the superconducting magnet, improved the uniformity of temperature distribution, and changed the situation of poor heat dissipation in areas far from the cooling source in traditional cooling methods. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The above and other objects, features and advantages of this disclosure will become clearer from the following description of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a superconducting magnet composite cooling device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0018] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of an iron core according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0019] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a helium tube winding according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0020] Figure 4 A schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a three-dimensional network cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0021] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a thermal simulation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are exemplary only and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present disclosure for ease of explanation. However, it will be apparent that one or more embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted in the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concepts of the present disclosure.

[0023] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit this disclosure. The terms “comprising,” “including,” etc., as used herein indicate the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.

[0024] All terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art, unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein are to be interpreted in a manner consistent with the context of this specification, and not in an idealized or overly rigid way.

[0025] When using expressions such as "at least one of A, B and C", they should generally be interpreted in accordance with the meaning that is commonly understood by those skilled in the art (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B and C" should include, but is not limited to, a system having A alone, a system having B alone, a system having C alone, a system having A and B, a system having A and C, a system having B and C, and / or a system having A, B and C, etc.).

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a superconducting magnet composite cooling device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment includes: a helium tube 101, which is embedded in the core 103 of the superconducting magnet 102 in a serpentine reciprocating manner, and is configured to inject liquid helium to cool the core 103. A three-dimensional network unit is disposed at a preset position on the superconducting magnet 102 and is configured to receive the cooling energy transmitted by the core 103 and transmit the cooling energy along the axial and radial directions of the superconducting magnet 102.

[0028] In the embodiments of this disclosure, the helium tube 101 is arranged in a serpentine reciprocating pattern on the iron core 103. By injecting liquid helium into the helium tube, the liquid helium circulates within the helium tube 101 and then flows out, directly and rapidly cooling the iron core 103. Specifically, the serpentine reciprocating arrangement greatly extends the effective length of the helium tube within a limited space, increasing the contact area between the cooling medium and the iron core, thereby improving the overall heat exchange efficiency. Secondly, when the liquid helium circulates in the serpentine pipe, it can achieve segmented and layer-by-layer uniform cooling, avoiding local overheating or uneven cooling, which is beneficial to the uniform distribution of the overall temperature field of the iron core. In addition, this continuous tortuous flow channel design enhances the fluid disturbance effect, promotes turbulence development, effectively disrupts the thermal boundary layer near the tube wall, and further enhances the heat transfer performance.

[0029] Meanwhile, a unique three-dimensional network unit is used to directly receive the cold energy transferred from the helium tube 101 to the iron core 103, constructing an axial-radial coordinated cooling path, realizing the three-dimensional conduction of cold energy inside the superconducting magnet 102, improving the uniformity of temperature distribution, and changing the situation of poor heat dissipation in areas far from the cooling source in traditional cooling methods.

[0030] This embodiment achieves the transfer of cooling energy from the surface of the helium tube 101 to the iron core 103, and then to the interior of the magnet and distant hot areas such as the coil, through the aforementioned composite cooling device. This avoids the problem of cooling energy attenuation caused by the long distance between the flow channel and the coil in traditional forced flow cooling. Compared with traditional cooling solutions that utilize refrigerators, this embodiment significantly reduces the size of the cooling device and lowers costs.

[0031] Furthermore, the helium tube 101 uses a low-conductivity material and is directly embedded in the iron core, which can significantly reduce additional eddy current losses and solve the problem of temperature rise caused by eddy currents in traditional metal helium tubes at high excitation rates.

[0032] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of an iron core according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0033] like Figure 2As shown, the core of this embodiment includes: a plurality of channels 301 axially embedded inside the core 103; a plurality of through holes 302 respectively disposed on the first end face and the second end face of the core 103, wherein one through hole on the first end face and one through hole on the second end face are coaxially connected to a channel; the first end face and the second end face are opposite to each other.

[0034] In the embodiments of this disclosure, by providing multiple channels 301 and multiple through holes 302 on the iron core 103, it is beneficial to embed the helium tube 101 in a serpentine manner on the iron core 103, which not only ensures the smoothness of the serpentine arrangement of the helium tube 101, but also ensures the efficient flow of the cooling medium.

[0035] Furthermore, the number of channels can be 4, and the number of through holes on the first end face and the second end face can be 4 each, but is not limited to this.

[0036] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a helium tube winding according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0037] like Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the helium tube 101 is embedded in the core 103 of the superconducting magnet 102 in a serpentine reciprocating manner. The helium tube 101 enters through a through-hole on the first end face 103-1 of the core 103, and sequentially passes through a channel coaxially connected to the through-hole and a corresponding through-hole on the second end face 103-2. The helium tube 101 also enters through a through-hole on the second end face 103-2 adjacent to the corresponding through-hole, and sequentially passes through a channel coaxially connected to the through-hole and a corresponding through-hole on the first end face 103-1, forming a serpentine reciprocating unit. Multiple serpentine reciprocating units are connected sequentially, causing the helium tube 101 to alternately reciprocate axially inside the core 103, passing through all through-holes and channels.

[0038] In the embodiments of this disclosure, the serpentine reciprocating layout effectively increases the cooling path and heat exchange area. Under the same flow rate, compared with a linear design, it can significantly improve cooling efficiency and achieve temperature uniformity. Simultaneously, it also solves the space-constrained problem of traditional cooling solutions.

[0039] Figure 4 A schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a three-dimensional network cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0040] like Figure 4 As shown, the three-dimensional network unit of this embodiment includes:

[0041] Multiple cooling strips 201 extend along the axial direction of the superconducting magnet 102 and are laid in the circumferential direction of the superconducting magnet coil.

[0042] Multiple cooling rings 202 are radially wound around the preset area of ​​multiple cooling strips 201.

[0043] Multiple cooling plates 203 are disposed in a preset area of ​​the superconducting magnet 102 and are configured to receive the cooling energy transmitted by the iron core 103 and transfer the cooling energy to multiple cooling strips 201 and multiple cooling rings 202.

[0044] In the embodiments of this disclosure, a cold-conducting plate 203 with a high thermal conductivity metal laminate design serves as a cold transfer node, enabling rapid introduction of cold energy into the core region of the magnet. The cold-conducting ring 202, acting as a ring-shaped heat diffuser, achieves uniform circumferential temperature distribution and reduces the temperature difference between coil layers. The axial thermal link system composed of cold-conducting strips 201 effectively eliminates the distant hot zone, reducing the axial temperature gradient. This embodiment achieves rapid penetration of liquid helium cold energy into the interior of the magnet through efficient heat conduction between the cold-conducting plate 203 and the helium tube 101. This embodiment, by setting a unique three-dimensional network structure, can rapidly introduce cold energy into the interior of the superconducting magnet.

[0045] Furthermore, multiple cooling strips 201 can be laid in the circumferential direction of each layer of coil of the superconducting magnet 102.

[0046] Multiple cooling rings 202 can be wound around each cooling strip 201.

[0047] Multiple cooling plates 203 can be set in the middle region of the superconducting magnet 102. The cooling plates are made of metal sheets with high thermal conductivity, which can efficiently introduce cold energy.

[0048] Further details can be found by referring to [link / reference]. Figure 4 The diagram shows the three-dimensional network structure after removing the iron core and the structure of helium tube 101.

[0049] The superconducting magnet also includes: a frame, which is fitted into the inner cavity of the iron core 103, and coils are wound on the frame. The frame includes multiple slots, which are located on the frame near the helium tube 101, and multiple cooling plates 203 are inserted into the frame through the multiple slots.

[0050] Furthermore, the skeleton and core can be fixed by injecting epoxy resin.

[0051] In the embodiments of this disclosure, a bobbin is embedded in the inner cavity of the iron core 103, the coil is wound on the bobbin, and multiple slots are provided on the bobbin, through which multiple cold-conducting plates 203 can be inserted. This design allows the cold-conducting plates to directly contact the coil, thereby effectively reducing the temperature of the coil and the bobbin. At the same time, multiple slots are located on the bobbin near the helium tube 101, and the upper ends of the multiple cold-conducting plates contact the inner cavity surface of the iron core 103, facilitating the rapid and efficient reception of the cold energy conducted by the helium tube 101 through the iron core 103, realizing the rapid penetration of liquid helium cold energy into the interior of the magnet.

[0052] Based on the above embodiments, the plurality of cold-conducting plates 203 include: a plurality of grooves, one groove being disposed on one cold-conducting plate 203; wherein, each cold-conducting ring 202 is inserted into a cold-conducting plate 203 through the groove.

[0053] Furthermore, each cooling ring 202 includes two sub-cooling rings that are radially symmetrical along the superconducting magnet 102, with both ends of each sub-cooling ring bent and inserted into the groove in the cooling plate 203; wherein, the two symmetrical sub-cooling rings form a complete circumference around the predetermined position of each cooling strip.

[0054] Each pair of multiple cooling plates is radially symmetrical along the superconducting magnet 102, used to cut the cooling ring 202 into two symmetrical sub-cooling rings.

[0055] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the core 103 further includes a plurality of flow channels, each flow channel being disposed near each through hole and configured to inject epoxy resin to fix the helium tube and the core. The inner diameter of each flow channel can be 1 mm to 2 mm.

[0056] Furthermore, the iron core 103 can be composed of stacked silicon steel sheets.

[0057] Based on the above embodiments, it also includes: a temperature sensor configured to detect the local temperature of the superconducting magnet 102.

[0058] Based on the above embodiments, it further includes: an adjustment unit configured to automatically adjust the liquid helium flow rate and liquid helium temperature of the injection helium tube 101 when the local temperature is greater than a preset temperature.

[0059] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a thermal simulation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0060] like Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment provides a composite cooling method for a superconducting magnet. The superconducting magnet 102 is cooled using the aforementioned superconducting magnet composite cooling device, and the temperature rise of the superconducting magnet 102 is no greater than 0.8K. The superconducting magnet composite cooling device has been described in detail above and will not be repeated here.

[0061] The embodiments of this disclosure have been described above. However, these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Although various embodiments have been described above, this does not mean that the measures in the various embodiments cannot be used advantageously in combination. The scope of this disclosure is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. Various substitutions and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of this disclosure, and all such substitutions and modifications should fall within the scope of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A superconducting magnet composite cooling device, characterized in that, include: A helium tube, embedded in the core of a superconducting magnet in a serpentine manner, is configured to inject liquid helium to cool the core. A three-dimensional network unit is disposed at a preset position of the superconducting magnet and is configured to receive the cold energy transmitted by the iron core and transmit the cold energy along the axial and radial directions of the superconducting magnet. Multiple channels are axially embedded inside the iron core; Multiple through holes are respectively disposed on the first end face and the second end face of the iron core, and one through hole on the first end face and one through hole on the second end face are coaxially connected to a channel; the first end face and the second end face are opposite to each other; The helium tube is embedded in the core of the superconducting magnet in a serpentine reciprocating manner, comprising: The helium tube is inserted through a through hole on the first end face of the iron core, and sequentially passes through a channel coaxially connected to the through hole and a corresponding through hole on the second end face; The helium tube is inserted into a through hole adjacent to a corresponding through hole on the second end face, and sequentially passes through a channel coaxially connected to the through hole and a corresponding through hole on the first end face, forming a serpentine reciprocating unit. Multiple serpentine reciprocating units are connected in sequence, so that the helium tube travels back and forth alternately along the axial direction inside the iron core, penetrating all through holes and channels; The three-dimensional network unit includes: Multiple cooling strips extend along the axial direction of the superconducting magnet and are laid in the circumferential direction of the superconducting magnet coil; Multiple cooling rings are radially wound around the predetermined area of ​​the multiple cooling strips; Multiple cooling plates are disposed in a preset area of ​​the superconducting magnet and are configured to receive the cold energy transmitted by the iron core and transmit the cold energy to the multiple cooling strips and the multiple cooling rings.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plurality of cold-conducting plates include: Multiple grooves, with one groove positioned on a single heat-conducting plate; Each cooling ring is inserted into a cooling plate through the groove.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The iron core also includes: Multiple flow channels, each located near each through-hole, are configured to inject epoxy resin to secure the helium tube and the iron core.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A temperature sensor is configured to detect the local temperature of the superconducting magnet.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The regulating unit is configured to automatically adjust the liquid helium flow rate and liquid helium temperature injected into the helium tube when the local temperature is higher than a preset temperature.

6. A composite cooling method for superconducting magnets, characterized in that, The superconducting magnet is cooled using the apparatus described in any one of claims 1-5, wherein the temperature rise of the superconducting magnet is not greater than 0.8K.

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