Indexable machining tool

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of indexable machining tooling, it is related to auxiliary machining tooling technical field, including end face fixed clamp, it contains center rod structure and positioning disc structure.Positioning disc structure is set in center rod structure and can be adjusted along axial direction, and one end of center rod structure is provided with expansion head, and after being inserted into the cavity of workpiece, expansion is tightly realized to realize center fixed;Pin structure is arranged on the end face of positioning disc structure and is attached to workpiece, and pin structure can be radially synchronous slip, and centripetal or centrifugal clamping force is applied by the driving mechanism on the other side of positioning disc, and double fixing is formed.The tooling also contains disc spring and foolproof structure for initial positioning of auxiliary pin structure, disc spring is adapted to different workpiece specifications, and foolproof structure improves installation precision.The application solves the problems of unstable clamping, poor adaptability, easy interference with machining equipment and easy deformation of workpiece of traditional tooling, and is suitable for machining of workpieces such as planet carrier which need to be hollowed out, and improves machining precision and efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of auxiliary machining tooling technology, and specifically to a typetable machining tooling. Background Technology

[0002] Planetary gear structures are extremely common in marine deck machinery, and the planetary carrier is used to mount these gears. The challenge lies in machining a solid blank into a hollow planetary carrier of a specific shape according to the drawings. Currently, even machining centers struggle to perform this machining operation and cannot achieve the desired result in a single, complete machining process.

[0003] In the production of workpieces such as planetary carriers that require internal material removal and multi-faceted machining, existing auxiliary machining tooling has significant technical limitations. Traditional tooling relies on a single fixing method for workpiece clamping, either using only a central shaft structure for axial positioning or only external clamping fixtures for radial holding, making it difficult to achieve a stable and coordinated fixing effect. This single fixing mode makes the workpiece prone to displacement or vibration due to cutting forces during machining, especially for thin-walled workpieces, making it difficult to guarantee machining accuracy. At the same time, some tooling uses through-type rods to fix the workpiece, which can improve stability to some extent, but when hollowing out the inside of the workpiece, the through-type rods are prone to interference with machining equipment (such as wire EDM equipment), which may not only damage the tooling components, but also require precise control of the machining path to avoid interference, significantly reducing machining efficiency. In addition, existing tooling has poor adaptability. For workpieces with different diameters and different end face hole distributions, special positioning components need to be replaced, increasing production changeover costs and time; and the lack of an effective angle alignment auxiliary structure during tooling installation makes it easy for installation deviations to occur, further affecting the workpiece positioning accuracy and leading to a decrease in the yield of finished products.

[0004] For the reasons mentioned above, it is necessary to propose a type of indexable machining fixture to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a workpiece that can be indexed.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A type-indexable machining fixture includes an end-face fixing fixture. The fixing fixture includes a central rod structure and a positioning plate structure. The positioning plate structure is sleeved on the central rod structure and its position is adjustable along its axial direction. One end of the central rod protrudes from the positioning plate structure and is provided with an expansion head. The expansion head is inserted into the inner cavity end of the workpiece and expands outward to press against the inner cavity of the workpiece. The end face of the positioning plate structure near the workpiece is in contact with the workpiece. The contact surface is provided with a pin structure. The pin structure slides synchronously in the radial direction of the positioning plate structure to apply a centripetal or centrifugal clamping force to the end face of the workpiece. The side of the positioning plate structure away from the contact surface is provided with a drive mechanism that synchronously drives the pin structure.

[0007] Furthermore, the central rod structure includes a screw structure and a core rod. The screw structure has an external thread on its surface and an expansion head at one end. The screw structure is a hollow rod structure. The core rod is disposed inside the screw structure. The expansion head is a conformal support that matches the shape of the workpiece's inner cavity. The conical surface on the inner side of the expansion head fits against the conical surface of the conical head at the end of the core rod. The core rod moves axially, causing the expansion head to expand or contract through the conical surface engagement.

[0008] Furthermore, one end of the core rod is designated as a screw end, with the threaded end protruding from the end of the screw structure. A pull rod nut is provided in conjunction with the threaded end, and one side of the pull rod nut abuts against the end of the screw structure, pulling the core rod axially when it rotates.

[0009] Furthermore, the positioning disk structure has a threaded hole at its center, and the positioning disk structure is screwed onto the central rod structure through the threaded hole, and its axial position is adjusted by rotation.

[0010] Furthermore, the positioning disk structure is provided with a radial track along the radial direction, and the pin structure includes a slider that is slidably disposed in the radial track, and a positioning pin is provided on the slider perpendicular to the direction of the mating surface; the pin structure is provided with a drive rod on the side opposite to the mating surface, and the end of the drive rod is provided with an inclined roller.

[0011] Furthermore, the driving mechanism includes a driving sleeve that cooperates with the driving rod. The driving sleeve has a circular ring structure and an inner locking thread on its inner wall. The positioning disc structure has a frustum on the side away from the contact surface, and an outer locking thread on the frustum. The inner locking thread and the outer locking thread are screwed together.

[0012] Furthermore, one end face of the drive screw sleeve is provided with an annular conical surface, which can be an inner conical surface or an outer conical surface. When the annular conical surface is set as an inner conical surface, it cooperates with the inclined roller to drive the pin structure to move in the centrifugal direction; when the annular conical surface is set as an outer conical surface, it cooperates with the inclined roller to drive the pin structure to move in the centrifugal direction.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes a disc spring for assisting in positioning the initial positions of multiple pin structures. The disc spring includes a central disc and elastic arms, and at least the elastic arms are made of elastic material. The disc spring is sleeved on the frustum through the central hole of the central disc. Multiple elastic arms are provided around the central disc, and the number of elastic arms matches the number of sliders. Multiple protruding teeth are provided circumferentially at the root of the frustum, and the central hole has a notch that matches the protruding teeth. One end of each elastic arm is connected to the central disc and the other end is connected to the slider, and the line connecting the two ends intersects radially.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes a foolproof structure formed by at least one of the protruding teeth having a different specification from the other protruding teeth.

[0015] The advantages and beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. High clamping stability and positioning accuracy: The expansion head of the center rod structure achieves precise fixation of the workpiece center, and the pin structure on the positioning plate structure that can slide radially synchronously forms a double clamping. The two work together to effectively avoid displacement and vibration of the workpiece during processing, significantly improving positioning accuracy, especially suitable for processing thin-walled workpieces.

[0016] 2. High adaptability and convenient operation: The pin structure can be adjusted along the radial track, and with the replaceable disc spring, it can adapt to the clamping requirements of workpieces of different specifications, reducing the cost of replacing special fixtures; the foolproof structure simplifies the angle alignment process during tooling installation, reduces the difficulty of operation, and improves the efficiency of tooling changeover.

[0017] 3. Ensure processing efficiency and tooling life: The expansion head can be fixed in the center without penetrating the workpiece, avoiding interference with the equipment during processing. There is no need to control the processing path to avoid tooling parts, thus improving processing efficiency. At the same time, it prevents tooling from being damaged due to interference and extends its service life.

[0018] 4. Reduce workpiece deformation: When tooling is used in conjunction with wire EDM and other machining methods, it can reduce the generation of processing heat, reduce the impact of thermal stress on the workpiece, effectively avoid workpiece deformation during processing, and ensure the quality of finished products. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram comparing the workpiece before and after processing; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the tooling clamping the workpiece according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the tooling structure according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is one of the isometric views of the indexable machining tooling in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 5This is the second isometric drawing of the indexable machining tooling in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 6 This is an exploded perspective view of the indexable machining tooling of Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a side view of the indexable machining tooling of Embodiment 2 in this invention; Figure 8 In this invention Figure 7 Schematic diagram of section AA; In the diagram: 1. End face fixing clamp; 2. Center rod structure; 3. Positioning plate structure; 4. Expansion head; 5. Mating surface; 6. Pin structure; 7. Screw structure; 8. Core rod; 9. Screw end; 10. Pull rod nut; 11. Threaded hole; 12. Radial track; 13. Slider; 14. Positioning pin; 15. Drive rod; 16. Inclined roller; 17. Drive screw sleeve; 18. Frustum; 19. Annular conical surface; 20. Disc spring; 21. Center plate; 22. Elastic arm; 23. Convex tooth; 24. Notch; 25. Longitudinal groove; 26. Conical head; 27. Foolproof positioning block; 29. ​​Planetary gear mounting hole; 30. Multi-hole positioning plate; 31. Waist hole; 32. Through-core screw; 33. Pressure plate; 34. Mounting bolt. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to examples. These examples are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Example 1: A type of indexable machining tooling, such as Figure 2 , 3As shown, the device includes an end-face fixing fixture 1, which comprises a central rod structure 2 and a positioning disk structure 3. In this embodiment, the positioning disk structure 3 can be a multi-hole positioning plate 30, which is L-shaped. One side plate has multiple holes, and the other side plate is connected to the processing platform to fix the multi-hole positioning plate 30 on the processing platform. The side plate has a waist hole 31, which is bolted to the processing platform. In this embodiment, the central rod structure 2 includes a through-bolt 32, a pressure plate 33, and mounting bolts 34. The multiple holes include a central screw hole and concentric pin holes. The through-bolt 32 is bolted to the central screw hole, and the multiple concentric pin holes are distributed around the central screw hole. In this embodiment, the concentric pin holes actually correspond to the positions of the planetary gear mounting holes 29 on the end face of the planetary carrier workpiece. Inserting a positioning pin 14 into the concentric pin hole allows for relative positioning between the concentric pin hole and the planetary gear mounting hole 29 by connecting the two ends of the positioning pin 14. In this embodiment, the planetary carrier workpiece is pre-machined with an axial hole along its axis for the through-bolt 32 to pass through. One end of the through-bolt 32 is then screwed onto the central screw hole. The pressure plate 33 is then fitted onto the through-bolt 32, and a mounting bolt 34 is screwed into the end of the through-bolt 32. As the mounting bolt 34 rotates, the workpiece is gradually pressed onto the multi-hole positioning plate 30 by the pressure plate 33. The workpiece is thus clamped and fixed onto the multi-hole positioning plate 30. The workpiece is then cut using a wire cutting device. After one side is finished, the mounting bolt 34 can be slightly loosened to allow the workpiece to rotate a certain angle before being clamped and fixed again to continue cutting.

[0022] When using, such as Figure 2 As shown, the multi-hole positioning plate 30 is fixed to the processing platform of the equipment using bolts and waist holes 31. Then, the through screw 32 and positioning pin 14 are screwed into the multi-hole positioning plate 30. Next, the workpiece to be processed (planetary carrier blank) is placed in, and then the workpiece is fixed with the pressure plate 33 and the mounting nut. Finally, the internal material of the planetary carrier is cut using a wire EDM machine.

[0023] The indexable machining fixture of this invention can realize the internal material removal machining of planetary carrier-type workpieces, such as... Figure 1 As shown, this tooling can not only precisely process workpieces, but also greatly reduce the generation of heat during processing when used in conjunction with wire EDM. This effectively avoids workpiece deformation caused by heat and stress generated during processing. This tooling is especially valuable for processing thin-walled workpieces.

[0024] Example 2: like Figure 1As shown, since the workpiece to be processed needs to be hollowed out after processing, the clamping method in Embodiment 1 may cause the wire cutting equipment to cut the surface of the through screw 32 during processing, causing some damage. To avoid damage to the through screw 32, it must be precisely controlled, which may result in a slower processing progress.

[0025] As an improvement, this embodiment includes an end face fixing clamp 1, such as... Figure 4-8 As shown, the fixing fixture includes a central rod structure 2 and a positioning disk structure 3. The positioning disk structure 3 is sleeved on the central rod structure 2 and its position is adjustable along its axial direction. One end of the central rod protrudes from the positioning disk structure 3, and this end is provided with an expansion head 4. The expansion head 4 is inserted into the inner cavity end of the workpiece and expands outward to press against the inner cavity of the workpiece. The end face of the positioning disk structure 3 near the workpiece is in contact with the workpiece, and this contact surface 5 is provided with a pin structure 6. Specifically, in this embodiment, one side plane of the workpiece is in contact with the contact surface 5 of the positioning disk structure 3, and the position of the positioning disk structure 3 relative to the central rod structure 2 can be adjusted. That is to say, the length of the central rod structure 2 protruding from the positioning disk structure 3 can be changed. Therefore, in this embodiment, the central rod structure 2 does not need to penetrate through the workpiece; it can simply insert its expansion head 4 into the inner cavity of the workpiece to a certain depth, thus not affecting the hollowing out of the workpiece, and the expansion head 4 will not be damaged during hollowing out. In this embodiment, the pin structure 6 can be the same as in embodiment 1, with holes corresponding to the planetary gear mounting holes 29 machined on the mating surface 5, and the positioning pin 14 inserted, thus forming a fixed pin structure 6 to position the workpiece.

[0026] Furthermore, the pin structure 6 slides synchronously in the radial direction of the positioning disk structure 3 to apply a centripetal or centrifugal clamping force to the end face of the workpiece; the positioning disk structure 3 is provided with a drive mechanism for synchronously driving the pin structure 6 on the side away from the contact surface 5. In this way, the pin structure 6 can be formed to move synchronously, that is, the pin structure 6 is first inserted into the planetary gear mounting hole 29, and then the pin structure 6 is controlled to move radially, thereby applying a second clamping force to the workpiece (the expansion head 4 is the first clamping force). Through the double clamping positioning, the center fixation and the outer peripheral fixation can be implemented simultaneously, thereby effectively improving the stability of the workpiece fixation.

[0027] Specifically, the central rod structure 2 includes a screw structure 7 and a core rod 8. The screw structure 7 has an external thread on its surface and an expansion head 4 at one end. The expansion head 4 has multiple longitudinal grooves 25 arranged around its circumference, which gives it a good expansion elastic deformation capability. The outer periphery of the expansion head 4 can be set as a contoured structure that matches the shape of the inner cavity to form a contoured support, which can effectively improve the positioning accuracy and center stability. The screw structure 7 is a hollow rod-shaped structure. The core rod 8 is disposed inside the screw structure 7. The conical surface on the inner side of the expansion head 4 fits against the conical surface of the conical head 26 at the end of the core rod 8. The core rod 8 moves axially, causing the expansion head 4 to expand or contract through the conical surface engagement. The first end of the core rod 8 is configured as the conical head 26, and the other end is configured as the screw end 9. Therefore, the core rod 8 can be inserted into the cavity of the screw structure 7 from one end of the expansion head 4. The threaded end protrudes from the end of the screw structure 7, and a pull rod nut 10 is provided to engage with the threaded end. One side of the pull rod nut 10 abuts against the end of the screw structure 7, and its rotation pulls the core rod 8 to move axially. It can be understood that by rotating the pull rod nut 10, the core rod 8 can be pulled to move within the screw structure 7, thereby causing the conical head 26 to control the deformation of the expansion head 4 through the conical surface, thus clamping the inner cavity end of the workpiece. The positioning disk structure 3 has a threaded hole 11 at its center. The positioning disk structure 3 is screwed onto the center rod structure 2 through the threaded hole 11, and its axial position can be adjusted by rotation. While centering the workpiece, the positioning disk structure 3 can also be moved closer to the workpiece to perform double clamping and fixation around the workpiece, thereby assisting in positioning the workpiece at a position away from the center and effectively improving the positioning stability of the workpiece.

[0028] Specifically, the positioning disc structure 3 has a radial track 12 along the radial direction, and the pin structure 6 includes a slider 13 slidably disposed within the radial track 12, with a positioning pin 14 disposed on the slider 13 perpendicular to the contact surface 5; the pin structure 6 has a drive rod 15 on the side opposite to the contact surface 5, and an inclined roller 16 is provided at the end of the drive rod 15. The sliding arrangement of the pin structure 6 within the radial track 12 allows the fixture to adapt to clamping and positioning workpieces of different diameters, and also allows for the application of a second clamping force to fix the workpiece.

[0029] Furthermore, the driving mechanism includes a driving screw sleeve 17 that cooperates with the driving rod 15. The driving screw sleeve 17 has a circular structure and an inner locking thread on its inner wall. The positioning disc structure 3 has a frustum portion 18 on the side away from the contact surface 5. The frustum portion 18 has an outer locking thread, and the inner locking thread is screwed into the outer locking thread. In actual use, the drive screw sleeve 17 is installed on the frustum portion 18 from the side opposite to the contact surface 5. It is screwed onto the external locking thread of the frustum portion 18 through the internal locking thread of the drive screw sleeve 17. During rotation, the drive screw sleeve 17 has an annular conical surface 19 on the side facing the workpiece. The annular conical surface 19 contacts the inclined rollers 16 on each drive rod 15. It can be understood that the inclined rollers 16 and the annular conical surface 19 have the same inclination angle. When the drive screw sleeve 17 rotates (i.e., the annular conical surface 19 rotates), the annular conical surface 19 contacts the inclined rollers 16. During rotation, the inclined surface squeezes the slider 13, causing the slider 13 to move along the radial track 12.

[0030] Specifically, the annular conical surface 19 can be an inner conical surface or an outer conical surface. When the annular conical surface 19 is set as an inner conical surface, it cooperates with the inclined roller 16 to drive the pin structure 6 to move in the centrifugal direction. When the annular conical surface 19 is set as an outer conical surface, it cooperates with the inclined roller 16 to drive the pin structure 6 to move in the centrifugal direction.

[0031] It is understandable that when this tooling is engaged with the planetary gear mounting hole 29 of the workpiece, the positioning pin 14 should be inserted into the planetary gear mounting hole 29. At this time, the pin structure 6 can be moved in either the centrifugal or centrifugal direction. When driven in the centrifugal direction, a clamping force towards the center is applied to the workpiece. At this time, it is opposite to the force of the expansion head 4 and can form a clamping synergy with it. This clamping method uses the centripetal movement of the drive pin structure 6 to apply a centripetal clamping force to the planetary gear mounting hole 29 of the workpiece by the positioning pin 14. This force, combined with the centrifugal force generated by the outward expansion of the expansion head 4, forms a "reverse synergistic clamping." Its advantages lie in both enhanced clamping stability and guaranteed machining accuracy. From a mechanical synergy perspective, the reverse forces can form a balanced clamping system of "inner support and outer contraction": the expansion head 4 presses against the workpiece from the inner cavity outward, ensuring precise positioning of the workpiece's central axis without radial offset; the centripetally clamping positioning pin 14 contracts inward from the planetary gear mounting hole 29, counteracting the pulling or vibration of the cutting force on the outer periphery of the workpiece during machining. Especially for thin-walled planetary carrier workpieces, this method can avoid workpiece deformation or center offset caused by a single centrifugal force, significantly improving clamping rigidity. From the perspective of machining adaptability, the contact between the locating pin 14 and the planetary gear mounting hole 29 during centripetal drive is "active tightening". Even if there are slight dimensional errors in the workpiece hole position (such as hole diameter deviation caused by machining allowance), the centripetal clamping force can still ensure that the locating pin 14 fits tightly with the hole wall. There is no need to adjust the hole position adaptation gap, which broadens the compatibility range of the workpiece blank hole position accuracy. At the same time, it avoids local stress concentration caused by hole position deviation and reduces the risk of workpiece machining cracks.

[0032] When driven in the centrifugal direction, the direction of the force exerted on the workpiece by the expansion head 4 is the same (both are centrifugal). This clamping method uses the centrifugal movement of the drive pin structure 6 to apply a centrifugal clamping force to the planetary gear mounting hole 29 of the workpiece by the positioning pin 14. This force, combined with the centrifugal force of the expansion head 4, forms a "co-directional superimposed clamping," which has the advantage of improved adaptability to high-cutting-force machining scenarios and enhanced clamping versatility. At the mechanical level, the co-directional forces create a "double external support" reinforced clamping effect: the expansion head 4 presses against the workpiece from the center cavity outwards, while the positioning pin 14 expands outwards from the planetary gear mounting hole 29. Both act radially on the workpiece, significantly improving the overall cutting force resistance of the workpiece. This is particularly suitable for roughing or high-feed cutting scenarios, effectively resisting radial impact forces generated during cutting and preventing dimensional deviations caused by force-induced workpiece offset. From the perspective of clamping versatility, the force direction of the locating pin 14 during centrifugal drive is consistent with that of the expansion head 4, eliminating the need for precise matching between the workpiece hole and the locating pin 14. Even if the planetary gear mounting hole 29 is not a complete hole (e.g., there are partial defects in the hole wall during processing), or the workpiece end face has an asymmetrical structure, the clamping force in the centrifugal direction can still be transmitted through the effective contact point of the hole wall, achieving stable clamping without replacing the special positioning component. At the same time, for workpieces with a hole diameter slightly larger than the locating pin 14, centrifugal drive can make the locating pin 14 actively press against the outside of the hole wall, eliminating the need for additional shims or adjustment of the locating pin specifications, simplifying the clamping process and improving the adaptability to workpieces with different hole diameters and hole types.

[0033] When this tooling is engaged with one side of the stepped head of the workpiece, the drive pin structure 6 should be selected to move in the inward direction to clamp and fix the stepped head of the workpiece. That is, at this time, the annular conical surface 19 of the drive screw sleeve 17 should be the inner conical surface.

[0034] Furthermore, it also includes a disc spring 20 for assisting in positioning the initial positions of multiple pin structures 6. The disc spring 20 is used to control the multiple pin structures 6 to remain in the same virtual ring position. In this embodiment, the diameter of the positioning pin 14 should be smaller than the diameter of the planetary gear mounting hole 29, so that the positioning pin 14 can make a small radial displacement within the planetary gear mounting hole 29. It can be understood that the positioning pin 14 can move a relatively long distance within the radial track 12. This is used when clamping workpieces of different sizes. Since the radius of the planetary gear mounting hole 29 is different for workpieces of different diameters, the position of the slider 13 needs to be adjusted accordingly when dealing with workpieces of different sizes. On the other hand, if the same size workpiece is repeatedly clamped and positioned for production, the position of the slider 13 is kept in the same radial position by the disc spring 20 and corresponds to the position of the planetary gear mounting hole 29 of the workpiece. Therefore, in this case, the disc spring 20 can quickly align and insert the workpiece with the positioning pins 14 on all the sliders 13. When clamping different types of workpieces, the corresponding type of disc spring 20 can be replaced, so that when facing workpieces of different specifications, each positioning pin 14 can be simultaneously aligned with the planetary gear mounting hole 29 and inserted.

[0035] Specifically, the disc spring 20 includes a central disc portion 21 and an elastic arm 22, and at least the elastic arm 22 is made of an elastic material. In this embodiment, the central disc portion 21 and the elastic arm 22 are configured as an integral sheet structure. The disc spring 20 is sleeved on the frustum portion 18 through the central hole of the central disc portion 21. A plurality of elastic arms 22 are provided around the central disc portion 21. The number of elastic arms 22 is matched with the slider 13. In this embodiment, the root of the elastic arm 22 is connected to the central disc portion 21, and the other end is used to connect to the root of the drive rod 15. The end is provided with a quick-release latch. When replacing the disc spring 20, it can be connected to the drive rod 15 through the quick-release latch. The quick-release latch has a V-shaped opening in the tangential direction. The distance between the root opening of the V-shaped opening is slightly smaller than the diameter of the drive rod 15. Since the drive arm is an elastic element, the quick-release latch can open the V-shaped opening through elastic deformation. When the drive rod 15 is inserted, the opening automatically closes to form a lock.

[0036] The truncated cone portion 18 has multiple protruding teeth 23 circumferentially arranged at its root, and the central hole has a notch 24 that mates with the protruding teeth. One end of the elastic arm 22 is connected to the central disk, and the other end is connected to the slider 13. The line connecting the two ends intersects radially. During installation, the notch 24 and the protruding teeth 23 are engaged with each other, so that the disc spring 20 and the positioning disk structure 3 are circumferentially fixed. After installation, the elastic arm 22 can better exert its elastic effect on the slider 13.

[0037] Furthermore, it also includes a foolproof structure formed by at least one of the protruding teeth 23 having a different specification from the other protruding teeth 23, such as Figure 8 As shown in the figure, there is a foolproof positioning block 27 (protruding tooth 23) with a longer arc length. Its arc length specification is significantly different from other protruding tooth parts 23, so the installation angle can be easily identified during installation and it can be quickly inserted. By setting protruding tooth parts 23 and notches 24 of different specifications, the angle can be easily aligned during the installation process, simplifying the installation steps and improving the installation accuracy.

[0038] Example 3: This embodiment is based on Embodiment 2. When using the tooling of Embodiment 2 to clamp the planetary carrier workpiece, two sets of end-face fixing fixtures 1 can be set opposite each other. One of them is responsible for clamping the end of the workpiece with the planetary gear mounting hole 29. The positioning pin 14 of this end is directly inserted into the planetary gear mounting hole 29, and the center hole of the workpiece is fixed by the expansion head 4 in sequence. The three positioning pins 14 clamp the planetary gear mounting hole 29. The other tooling clamps the other end of the workpiece. The two toolings are set coaxially. The expansion head 4 of this end tooling is also tightened at the center hole. The difference is that the positioning pin 14 of this end does not need to be inserted into the planetary gear mounting hole 29, but is clamped centripetally at the step of this end. In this embodiment, it can still be used in conjunction with the multi-hole positioning plate 30 of Embodiment 1. That is, two opposing multi-hole positioning plates 30 are set, and the ends of the screw structure 7 are respectively installed on the two multi-hole positioning plates 30. The angle of the positioning plate structure 3 can be easily rotated and adjusted, thereby easily changing the angle of the workpiece.

[0039] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A type of indexable machining tooling, characterized in that, The device includes an end-face fixing fixture, comprising a central rod structure and a positioning disk structure. The positioning disk structure is sleeved on the central rod structure and its position is adjusted along its axial direction. One end of the central rod protrudes from the positioning disk structure and is provided with an expansion head. The expansion head is inserted into the inner cavity end of the workpiece and expands outward to press against the inner cavity of the workpiece. The end face of the positioning disk structure near the workpiece is in contact with the workpiece, and this contact surface is provided with a pin structure. The pin structure slides synchronously in the radial direction of the positioning disk structure to apply a centripetal or centrifugal clamping force to the end face of the workpiece. The side of the positioning disk structure away from the contact surface is provided with a drive mechanism that synchronously drives the pin structure. The positioning disk structure is provided with a radial track along the radial direction, and the pin structure includes a slider that is slidably disposed in the radial track, and a positioning pin is provided on the slider perpendicular to the direction of the contact surface; the pin structure is provided with a drive rod on the side opposite to the contact surface, and an inclined roller is provided at the end of the drive rod; The driving mechanism includes a driving screw sleeve that cooperates with the driving rod. The driving screw sleeve has a circular ring structure and an inner locking thread on its inner wall. The positioning disc structure has a frustum on the side away from the contact surface and an outer locking thread on the frustum. The inner locking thread and the outer locking thread are screwed together. It also includes a disc spring for assisting in positioning the initial positions of multiple pin structures. The disc spring includes a central disc and elastic arms, and at least the elastic arms are made of elastic material. The disc spring is sleeved on the frustum through the central hole of the central disc. Multiple elastic arms are provided around the central disc. The number of elastic arms matches the number of sliders. Multiple protruding teeth are provided circumferentially at the root of the frustum. The central hole has a notch that matches the protruding teeth. One end of the elastic arm is connected to the central disc and the other end is connected to the slider. The line connecting the two ends intersects radially.

2. The indexable machining fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central rod structure includes a screw structure and a core rod. The screw structure has external threads on its surface and an expansion head at one end. The screw structure is a hollow rod structure. The core rod is disposed inside the screw structure. The expansion head is a conformal support that matches the shape of the workpiece's inner cavity. The conical surface on the inner side of the expansion head fits against the conical surface of the conical head at the end of the core rod. The core rod moves axially, and the expansion head expands or contracts through the conical surface fit.

3. The indexable machining fixture according to claim 2, characterized in that, One end of the core rod is a threaded end, which protrudes from the end of the screw structure. A pull rod nut is provided to cooperate with the threaded end. One side of the pull rod nut abuts against the end of the screw structure, and when it rotates, it pulls the core rod to move axially.

4. The indexable machining fixture according to claim 2, characterized in that, The positioning disk structure has a threaded hole at its center. The positioning disk structure is screwed onto the central rod structure through the threaded hole, and its axial position is adjusted by rotation.

5. The indexable machining fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive screw sleeve has an annular conical surface on one end face. The annular conical surface can be an inner conical surface or an outer conical surface. When the annular conical surface is set as an inner conical surface, it cooperates with the inclined roller to drive the pin structure to move in the centrifugal direction. When the annular conical surface is set as an outer conical surface, it cooperates with the inclined roller to drive the pin structure to move in the centrifugal direction.

6. The indexable machining fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a foolproof structure in which at least one of the protruding teeth has a different specification from the other protruding teeth.

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