A swing-adapted caliber structure

Abstract

This application relates to a caliber structure adapted to swinging, comprising: a housing and a radial cover plate, wherein the housing is configured as a hollow structure with openings at both ends, one end of the housing is provided with a circumferential sliding surface, and a circumferential cover plate is slidably mounted on the circumferential sliding surface, such that the circumferential cover plate can slide circumferentially relative to the housing along the circumferential sliding surface, and a radial kinematic pair is provided at the end of the circumferential cover plate away from the housing; the radial cover plate is disposed on the side of the circumferential cover plate away from the housing, and the radial cover plate is slidably mounted on the radial kinematic pair.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of aircraft technology, and specifically to a caliber structure that adapts to oscillation. Background Technology

[0002] The aircraft's built-in jet ejection system is mainly used to solve the problem of wide-speed-range controllability of the aircraft engine's jet ejection technology. With the increasing requirements for ejection tube exit and vertical landing, higher load-bearing and temperature resistance requirements are placed on the tail section of the aircraft with built-in jet ejection system.

[0003] In related technologies, the traditional jet tail section generally adopts a flexible heat protection skirt solution. However, with the development of reusable aircraft, it is difficult to withstand the high pressure, high temperature and high impact conditions during the catapult process. Most catapult aircraft use a catapult base plate with in-tube braking or a base support with pyrotechnic separation to adapt to the catapult pressure. Both of these have the disadvantages of large space occupation, large weight and high cost. Among them, the pyrotechnic separation solution also has the problems of increasing power supply and complicated timing.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to design a new caliber structure that adapts to oscillation in order to overcome the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a caliber structure that adapts to oscillation, which can solve the technical problems of the flexible heat-resistant skirt scheme used in the tail section of the oscillating jet in related technologies, which is difficult to withstand the high pressure, high temperature and high impact conditions during the catapult process, and most catapult aircraft use catapult base plates with internal braking or pyrotechnic separation bases to adapt to the catapult pressure, which have the disadvantages of large space occupation, large weight and high cost.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a caliber structure adapted to swinging, comprising: a housing and a radial cover plate, wherein the housing is configured as a hollow structure with openings at both ends, one end of the housing is provided with a circumferential sliding surface, and a circumferential cover plate is slidably mounted on the circumferential sliding surface, such that the circumferential cover plate can slide circumferentially relative to the housing along the circumferential sliding surface, and a radial kinematic pair is provided at the end of the circumferential cover plate away from the housing; the radial cover plate is disposed on the side of the circumferential cover plate away from the housing, and the radial cover plate is slidably mounted on the radial kinematic pair.

[0007] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, the circumferential cover plate is provided with a first guide rail on the side near the circumferential sliding surface. The first guide rail is configured as an annular shape along the circumferential direction of the circumferential cover plate. The circumferential sliding surface is provided with a first protrusion. The first protrusion is configured as an annular shape along the circumferential direction of the housing. The first protrusion is confined to the first guide rail, so that the circumferential cover plate is slidably mounted on one end of the housing. In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, the housing includes a cylindrical segment and a spherical segment connected to each other. The inner diameter of the spherical segment gradually decreases from the connection point with the cylindrical segment toward the side away from the cylindrical segment. The spherical segment is provided with the circumferential sliding surface. The connection point between the cylindrical segment and the spherical segment is provided with the first protrusion. The first protrusion is annular along the circumferential direction of the spherical segment. The circumferential cover plate is provided with the first guide rail on the side near the spherical segment.

[0008] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, the circumferential cover plate is configured as a spherical structure with openings at both ends, and the radial cover plate is configured as an oblong spherical structure with openings at both ends, wherein the centers of the spherical segments, the circumferential cover plate, and the radial cover plate coincide.

[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, the circumferential cover plate is provided with a second guide rail on the side near the radial cover plate. The second guide rail is arc-shaped along the radial direction of the circumferential cover plate. The radial cover plate is provided with a second protrusion on the side near the circumferential cover plate. The second protrusion is arc-shaped along the radial direction of the radial cover plate. The second protrusion is confined to the second guide rail, so that the radial cover plate is slidably mounted on the circumferential cover plate.

[0010] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, the opening of the circumferential cover plate near the radial cover plate is configured as a waist-shaped hole.

[0011] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, one side of the circumferential cover plate is abutted against the circumferential sliding surface, such that the housing and the circumferential cover plate at least partially overlap along the thickness direction of the circumferential cover plate; the other side of the circumferential cover plate is abutted against the radial cover plate, such that the circumferential cover plate and the radial cover plate at least partially overlap along the thickness direction of the circumferential cover plate; and a sealing structure is provided between the housing and the circumferential cover plate and between the circumferential cover plate and the radial cover plate.

[0012] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, the sealing structure is made of a sealing strip, filler, or polytetrafluoroethylene material.

[0013] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, a nozzle is fixedly provided on the inner side of the radial cover plate, or a window is fixedly provided on the outer side of the radial cover plate, wherein the rotation center of the nozzle coincides with the center of the circumferential sliding surface.

[0014] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, the radial cover is sealed to the nozzle or the window via an adapter ring.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in this application include: By sliding an circumferential cover plate on the circumferential sliding surface of the shell, the circumferential cover plate slides circumferentially relative to the shell. A radial kinematic pair is set at the end of the circumferential cover plate away from the shell, and the radial cover plate covering the circumferential cover plate is slidably installed on the radial kinematic pair. The sliding of the cover plate relative to the shell is decomposed into two movements in different directions, reducing the movement resistance. At the same time, the airflow is transmitted to the shell through the overlapping part of the shell, circumferential cover plate and radial cover plate during the impact of the shell, so as to provide a certain load-bearing capacity under the swing action. This avoids the use of flexible materials for the shell, circumferential cover plate and radial cover plate. Its structure is simple and occupies little space. It solves the technical problems of the flexible heat protection skirt scheme used in the swing jet tail section of related technologies, which is difficult to withstand the high pressure, high temperature and high impact conditions during the catapult process. Most catapult aircraft use catapult base plates with internal braking or pyrotechnic separation bases to adapt to the catapult pressure, which have the disadvantages of large space occupation, large weight and high cost. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a caliber structure adapted to swinging, provided for an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified view of a section at point A in the middle; Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of an oscillating aperture structure provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 An exploded view of an oscillating aperture structure provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the shell provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the circumferential cover plate provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 A top view of the circumferential cover plate provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the radial cover plate provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 9 A top view of the radial cover plate provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 10 A rear view of the radial cover plate provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the window structure provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 12 A cross-sectional view of a window provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 13 A top view of an oscillating aperture structure provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 14 A side view of an oscillating aperture structure provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 15 This is a top view of the circumferential cover plate rotating relative to the housing, provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 16 This is a side view of the radial cover plate swinging relative to the circumferential cover plate, as provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Shell; 11. Column section; 12. Spherical section; 13. First protrusion; 2. Circumferential cover plate; 21. First guide rail; 22. Second guide rail; 3. Radial cover plate; 31. Second protrusion; 4. Nozzle; 5. Window; 6. Adaptor ring. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0020] This application provides a caliber structure that adapts to oscillation, which can solve the technical problems of the flexible heat protection skirt scheme used in the tail section of the aircraft's oscillating jet, which is difficult to withstand the high pressure, high temperature and high impact conditions during the catapult process, and the fact that most catapult aircraft use catapult base plates with internal braking or pyrotechnic separation bases to adapt to catapult pressure, which have the disadvantages of large space occupation, large weight and high cost.

[0021] See Figure 1-4 As shown, this application embodiment provides a caliber structure adapted to swinging, which includes: a housing 1 and a radial cover plate 3. The housing 1 is configured as a hollow structure with openings at both ends. One end of the housing 1 is provided with a circumferential sliding surface. A circumferential cover plate 2 is slidably mounted on the circumferential sliding surface, so that the circumferential cover plate 2 can slide circumferentially relative to the housing 1 along the circumferential sliding surface. A radial kinematic pair is provided at the end of the circumferential cover plate 2 away from the housing 1. The radial cover plate 3 is covered on the side of the circumferential cover plate 2 away from the housing 1, and the radial cover plate 3 is slidably mounted on the radial kinematic pair.

[0022] In this embodiment, the circumferential sliding surface is provided with a circumferential kinematic pair. The circumferential cover plate 2 can slide circumferentially relative to the housing 1 along the circumferential kinematic pair, and the radial cover plate 3 can slide radially relative to the circumferential cover plate 2 along the radial kinematic pair. The circumferential kinematic pair and the radial kinematic pair can be set as guide rails or bearings. The oscillating aperture structure realizes two-dimensional sliding, decomposing the sliding of the cover plate relative to the housing 1 into two different directions of movement, reducing the movement resistance. At the same time, the airflow is transmitted to the housing 1 through the overlapping part of the housing 1, the circumferential cover plate 2 and the radial cover plate 3 during the impact of the housing 1, realizing a certain load-bearing capacity under the oscillating action, avoiding the use of flexible materials for the housing 1, the circumferential cover plate 2 and the radial cover plate 3, and its structure is simple and occupies little space.

[0023] This embodiment slides the circumferential cover plate 2 on the circumferential sliding surface of the housing 1, allowing the circumferential cover plate 2 to slide relative to the housing 1 circumferentially. A radial kinematic pair is provided at the end of the circumferential cover plate 2 away from the housing 1, allowing a radial cover plate 3 to slide on the radial kinematic pair. This decomposes the sliding of the cover plate relative to the housing 1 into two movements in different directions, reducing motion resistance. Simultaneously, during the impact of the airflow on the housing 1, it is transmitted to the housing 1 through the overlapping portion of the housing 1, the circumferential cover plate 2, and the radial cover plate 3, providing a certain load-bearing capacity under swinging motion. This avoids the need for the housing 1, the circumferential cover plate 2, and the radial cover plate 3 to use flexible materials, and its simple structure and small space occupation solve the technical problems of related technologies where flexible heat-resistant skirts are used in the swing jet tail section, which are difficult to withstand the high pressure, high temperature, and high impact conditions during the ejection process. Furthermore, most ejection aircraft use ejection base plates with in-tube braking or pyrotechnic separation bases to adapt to ejection pressure, which have the disadvantages of large space occupation, large weight, and high cost.

[0024] Further, see Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments, the circumferential cover plate 2 is provided with a first guide rail 21 on the side near the circumferential sliding surface. The first guide rail 21 is arranged in a ring along the circumferential direction of the circumferential cover plate 2. The circumferential sliding surface is provided with a first protrusion 13. The first protrusion 13 is arranged in a ring along the circumferential direction of the housing 1. The first protrusion 13 is limited to the first guide rail 21, so that the circumferential cover plate 2 is slidably installed on one end of the housing 1.

[0025] In this embodiment, the first guide rail 21 can be configured as a sliding guide rail or a rolling guide rail. The circumferential cover plate 2 rotates relative to the first protrusion 13 via the first guide rail 21 and slides circumferentially with the housing 1, as shown below. Figure 13 and Figure 15As shown, the circumferential swing angle of the circumferential cover plate 2 relative to the housing 1 is set to 0~360°. In other embodiments, the circumferential sliding surface is provided with a guide rail, and the circumferential cover plate 2 is provided with a protrusion on the side near the circumferential sliding surface. The circumferential cover plate 2 achieves circumferential sliding relative to the housing 1 by sliding along the guide rail with the protrusion.

[0026] Further, see Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments, the housing 1 includes a cylindrical segment 11 and a spherical segment 12 connected to each other. The inner diameter of the spherical segment 12 gradually decreases from the connection point with the cylindrical segment 11 toward the side away from the cylindrical segment 11. The spherical segment 12 is provided with the circumferential sliding surface. The first protrusion 13 is provided at the connection point of the cylindrical segment 11 and the spherical segment 12. The first protrusion 13 is arranged in a ring shape along the circumferential direction of the spherical segment 12. The circumferential cover plate 2 is provided with the first guide rail 21 on the side close to the spherical segment 12.

[0027] In this embodiment, the circumferential cover plate 2 rotates relative to the first protrusion 13 via the first guide rail 21 and slides circumferentially with the spherical section 12. During the process of airflow impacting the housing 1, the impact force is effectively dispersed by the circumferential sliding of the circumferential cover plate 2, effectively resisting the impact.

[0028] Further, see Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 6 and Figure 8 As shown, in some embodiments, the circumferential cover plate 2 is configured as a spherical structure with openings at both ends, and the radial cover plate 3 is configured as a waist-shaped spherical structure with openings at both ends, wherein the centers of the spherical segment 12, the circumferential cover plate 2, and the radial cover plate 3 coincide.

[0029] In this embodiment, the centers of the spherical segment 12, the circumferential cover plate 2, and the radial cover plate 3 coincide. The superposition of the three spherical structures transforms the impact force into the internal stress of the cover plate and distributes it evenly, which can effectively resist the impact. When the oscillating aperture structure is subjected to the impact of high temperature and high pressure airflow, it decomposes the sliding of the cover plate relative to the shell 1 into two directions of radial sliding and circumferential sliding. The sliding is gradually transmitted to the shell 1 through the overlapping part of the spherical segment 12, the circumferential cover plate 2, and the radial cover plate 3, so as to provide a certain load-bearing capacity under the oscillating action.

[0030] Further, see Figure 4 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 10As shown, in some embodiments, the circumferential cover plate 2 is provided with a second guide rail 22 on the side near the radial cover plate 3. The second guide rail 22 is arc-shaped along the radial direction of the circumferential cover plate 2. The radial cover plate 3 is provided with a second protrusion 31 on the side near the circumferential cover plate 2. The second protrusion 31 is arc-shaped along the radial direction of the radial cover plate 3. The second protrusion 31 is limited to the second guide rail 22, so that the radial cover plate 3 is slidably mounted on the circumferential cover plate 2.

[0031] In this embodiment, the second guide rail 22 can be configured as a sliding guide rail or a rolling guide rail, and the cross-sections on both sides of the radial cover plate 3 are arranged in parallel, such as... Figure 9 As shown, the second protrusion 31 is located on both sides of the radial cover plate 3, and the two protrusions are arranged in parallel. The radial cover plate 3 slides along the second guide rail 22 via the second protrusion 31, realizing radial sliding relative to the circumferential cover plate 2. The radial cover plate 3 swings around the center of the circumferential cover plate 2, as shown. Figure 14 and Figure 16 As shown, the radial swing angle of the radial cover plate 3 relative to the circumferential cover plate 2 is set to ±X°, where the value of X is set according to the specific structural design requirements. In other embodiments, a protrusion is provided on the outer side of the circumferential cover plate 2, and a guide rail is provided on the inner side of the radial cover plate 3. The radial cover plate 3 moves relative to the protrusion through the guide rail and slides radially with the circumferential cover plate 2.

[0032] Further, see Figure 4 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, in some embodiments, the opening of the circumferential cover plate 2 on the side near the radial cover plate 3 is configured as a waist-shaped hole.

[0033] In this embodiment, the opening on the side of the circumferential cover plate 2 near the radial cover plate 3 is set as a spherical central opening, and the shape of the opening is set as an oblong hole, which ensures that the components installed inside the circumferential cover plate 2 have sufficient movement space, while retaining the second guide rail 22 and minimizing the weight of the circumferential cover plate 2.

[0034] Further, see Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, one side of the circumferential cover plate 2 is fitted with the circumferential sliding surface, such that the housing 1 and the circumferential cover plate 2 at least partially overlap along the thickness direction of the circumferential cover plate 2; the other side of the circumferential cover plate 2 is fitted with the radial cover plate 3, such that the circumferential cover plate 2 and the radial cover plate 3 at least partially overlap along the thickness direction of the circumferential cover plate 2; and a sealing structure is provided between the housing 1 and the circumferential cover plate 2, and between the circumferential cover plate 2 and the radial cover plate 3.

[0035] In this embodiment, the outer side of the spherical segment 12 is fitted with the inner side of the circumferential cover plate 2, and the outer side of the circumferential cover plate 2 is fitted with the inner side of the radial cover plate 3. The circumferential cover plate 2 and the spherical segment 12 partially overlap along the thickness direction of the circumferential cover plate 2, and the circumferential cover plate 2 and the radial cover plate 3 partially overlap along the thickness direction of the circumferential cover plate 2. During the swinging process, the spherical segment 12, the circumferential cover plate 2, and the radial cover plate 3 always maintain partial overlap. The housing 1 and the circumferential cover plate 2, as well as the circumferential cover plate 2 and the radial cover plate 3, are sealed together by the sealing structure.

[0036] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the sealing structure uses a sealing strip, filler, or polytetrafluoroethylene material.

[0037] In this embodiment, the sealing structure is suitable for high temperature and high pressure environments. Exemplarily, the sealing structure uses a composite material of fluororubber, flexible graphite tape, and PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene).

[0038] Further, see Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, in some embodiments, a nozzle 4 is fixedly provided on the inner side of the radial cover plate 3, or a window 5 is fixedly provided on the outer side of the radial cover plate 3, and the rotation center of the nozzle 4 coincides with the center of the circumferential sliding surface.

[0039] In this embodiment, both the spherical segment 12 and the radial cover plate 3 are provided with a central spherical opening. The size of the housing 1 is slightly larger than the combined motion envelope of the circumferential rotation and radial oscillation of the nozzle 4 or the window 5. The size of the circumferential cover plate 2 is slightly larger than the radial oscillation envelope of the nozzle 4 or the window 5. The size of the radial cover plate 3 is slightly larger than the diameter of the nozzle 4 or the window 5. When the oscillation-adaptive nozzle structure is applied to the nozzle 4, during the catapult takeoff or vertical landing of the aircraft, the high-temperature and high-pressure airflow impacts the housing 1, the circumferential cover plate 2, and the radial cover plate 3 from the outside, and is transmitted to the housing 1 through the overlapping part between the housing 1, the circumferential cover plate 2, and the radial cover plate 3, thereby providing a certain load-bearing capacity under oscillation action.

[0040] When the adaptive oscillating aperture structure is applied to the window 5, the window 5 can be located at the head or body of the aircraft. Under the impact of high temperature and high pressure airflow, the adaptive oscillating aperture structure ensures the airtightness of the aircraft while realizing the two-dimensional oscillation of the window 5 along its axis. It can be applied to the oscillation of radar windows or optical windows to increase the detection range. Demonstratively, by using a narrow field-of-view long-range detector and a detector servo mechanism, in conjunction with the adaptive oscillating aperture structure and the window 5, a wide field-of-view long-range detection can be achieved, wherein the axis of the narrow field-of-view long-range detector coincides with the axis of the window 5.

[0041] Further, see Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, the radial cover plate 3 is sealed to the nozzle 4 or the window 5 via an adapter ring 6.

[0042] In this embodiment, the adapter ring 6 can be configured as an annular ring. The adapter ring 6 is made of flexible materials such as high-temperature resistant rubber, graphite, or quartz glass sleeve. The adapter ring 6 is glued, pressed, or screwed to the radial cover plate 3 and the nozzle 4. The adapter ring 6 serves to seal and adapt to axial deformation.

[0043] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0044] It should be noted that in this application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0045] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. A caliber structure for adapting to the oscillation of the tail section of an aircraft, characterized in that, It includes: The housing (1) is a hollow structure with openings at both ends. One end of the housing (1) is provided with a circumferential sliding surface. A circumferential cover plate (2) is slidably provided on the circumferential sliding surface, so that the circumferential cover plate (2) can slide circumferentially relative to the housing (1) along the circumferential sliding surface. A radial kinematic pair is provided at the end of the circumferential cover plate (2) away from the housing (1). A radial cover plate (3) is provided on the side of the circumferential cover plate (2) away from the housing (1), and the radial cover plate (3) is slidably installed on the radial kinematic pair.

2. The aperture structure adapted to swinging as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The circumferential cover plate (2) is provided with a first guide rail (21) on one side near the circumferential sliding surface. The first guide rail (21) is set as an annular along the circumferential direction of the circumferential cover plate (2). The circumferential sliding surface is provided with a first protrusion (13). The first protrusion (13) is set as an annular along the circumferential direction of the housing (1). The first protrusion (13) is limited to the first guide rail (21), so that the circumferential cover plate (2) is slidably installed on one end of the housing (1).

3. The aperture structure adapted to swinging as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The housing (1) includes a column section (11) and a spherical section (12) connected to each other. The inner diameter of the spherical section (12) gradually decreases from the connection point with the column section (11) toward the side away from the column section (11). The spherical section (12) is provided with the circumferential sliding surface. The first protrusion (13) is provided at the connection point between the column section (11) and the spherical section (12). The first protrusion (13) is set as an annular shape along the circumferential direction of the spherical section (12). The circumferential cover plate (2) is provided with the first guide rail (21) on the side close to the spherical section (12).

4. The caliber structure adaptable to swinging as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The circumferential cover plate (2) is configured as a spherical structure with openings at both ends, and the radial cover plate (3) is configured as a waist-shaped spherical structure with openings at both ends. The centers of the spherical segment (12), the circumferential cover plate (2), and the radial cover plate (3) coincide.

5. The aperture structure adaptable to swinging as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The circumferential cover plate (2) is provided with a second guide rail (22) on the side near the radial cover plate (3). The second guide rail (22) is arc-shaped along the radial direction of the circumferential cover plate (2). The radial cover plate (3) is provided with a second protrusion (31) on the side near the circumferential cover plate (2). The second protrusion (31) is arc-shaped along the radial direction of the radial cover plate (3). The second protrusion (31) is limited to the second guide rail (22), so that the radial cover plate (3) is slidably installed on the circumferential cover plate (2).

6. The caliber structure adaptable to swinging as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The opening of the circumferential cover plate (2) on the side near the radial cover plate (3) is configured as a waist-shaped hole.

7. The caliber structure adaptable to swinging as described in claim 1, characterized in that, One side of the circumferential cover plate (2) is attached to the circumferential sliding surface, so that the housing (1) and the circumferential cover plate (2) overlap at least partially along the thickness direction of the circumferential cover plate (2). The other side of the circumferential cover plate (2) is attached to the radial cover plate (3), so that the circumferential cover plate (2) and the radial cover plate (3) overlap at least partially along the thickness direction of the circumferential cover plate (2). A sealing structure is provided between the housing (1) and the circumferential cover plate (2) and between the circumferential cover plate (2) and the radial cover plate (3).

8. The caliber structure adaptable to swinging as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The sealing structure uses sealing strips, fillers, or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) material.

9. The caliber structure adaptable to swinging as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The inner side of the radial cover plate (3) is fixed with a nozzle (4), or the outer side of the radial cover plate (3) is fixed with a window (5), and the rotation center of the nozzle (4) coincides with the center of the circumferential sliding surface.

10. The caliber structure adaptable to swinging as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The radial cover plate (3) is sealed to the nozzle (4) or the window (5) via an adapter ring (6).

Images