An output power control method for a voltage regulator

Abstract

This application discloses a method for controlling the output power of a voltage regulator, comprising: obtaining the internal resistance of the power supply supplying the voltage regulator; adjusting the turns ratio between the primary and secondary coils of the transformer inside the voltage regulator based on the internal resistance of the power supply and a preset relationship between the internal resistance of the power supply and the input resistance of the voltage regulator, thereby adjusting the output power of the voltage regulator. In this way, adjusting the turns ratio of the voltage regulator through the preset relationship between the internal resistance of the power supply and the input resistance of the voltage regulator can prevent the power supply system from collapsing due to a "slack" state under conditions of low input voltage and high load, thus improving the environmental adaptability and operational reliability of the power supply system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of voltage regulator control, and more specifically to a method for controlling the output power of a voltage regulator. Background Technology

[0002] Voltage regulators, as crucial devices in power systems, primarily function to ensure a stable voltage supply to the load. However, in practical applications, especially when input voltage fluctuations are large or load demands are high, traditional voltage regulators face significant challenges. Existing voltage regulators typically maintain output voltage stability by adjusting the transformer's turns ratio; that is, when the input voltage decreases, the output voltage is increased by increasing the turns ratio. Specifically, this can be achieved by reducing the number of turns on the input side of the transformer and increasing the number of turns on the output side. This mechanism is effective in achieving voltage stability in most cases.

[0003] However, the applicant of this application discovered that when the external power supply environment deteriorates further, especially when the input voltage of the voltage regulator drops below a certain critical threshold (e.g., below 95V), and the voltage regulator still needs to withstand a large load, traditional voltage regulators are prone to "pulling down." That is, even if the control system continues to increase the turns ratio in an attempt to increase the output voltage of the voltage regulator, it not only fails to achieve the expected effect, but also causes the output voltage of the voltage regulator to drop further. Due to negative feedback regulation, the control system will continue to increase the turns ratio in the wrong direction, which will cause the output voltage of the voltage regulator to drop even more severely. Ultimately, the voltage regulator may shut down due to excessive current or low voltage, and completely lose its ability to provide stable power supply.

[0004] Therefore, a new voltage regulator control scheme is needed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] One advantage of this application is that it provides an output power control method for a voltage regulator, wherein the output power control method for the voltage regulator can prevent the power supply system from entering a breakdown state and improve the environmental adaptability and operational reliability of the power supply system.

[0006] According to one aspect of this application, a method for controlling the output power of a voltage regulator is provided, comprising: Obtain the internal resistance of the power supply that supplies power to the voltage regulator; The output power of the voltage regulator is adjusted by adjusting the turns ratio between the primary and secondary coils of the transformer inside the voltage regulator based on the internal resistance of the power supply and the preset relationship between the internal resistance of the power supply and the input resistance of the voltage regulator.

[0007] In one embodiment of the output power control method for a voltage regulator according to this application, obtaining the internal resistance corresponding to the power supply supplying the voltage regulator includes: obtaining the input voltage and input current of the voltage regulator under different load conditions; and calculating the internal resistance corresponding to the power supply based on the input voltage and input current of the voltage regulator under different load conditions.

[0008] In one embodiment of the output power control method for a voltage regulator according to this application, the internal resistance of the power supply is equal to the absolute value of the ratio of the difference between the input voltage of the voltage regulator under two load conditions to the difference between the input current under the two load conditions.

[0009] In one embodiment of the output power control method for a voltage regulator according to this application, the internal resistance of the power supply is calculated based on the input voltage and input current of the voltage regulator under different load conditions, including: Linear fitting multiple groups Data points are used to obtain the graph of a linear function, where, Indicates the first The input voltage of the regulator under various load conditions; Indicates the first The input current of the regulator under various load conditions; the absolute value of the slope of the linear function graph is taken as the internal resistance of the power supply.

[0010] In one embodiment of the output power control method for a voltage regulator according to this application, the preset relationship between the internal resistance of the power supply and the input resistance of the voltage regulator is: the internal resistance of the power supply is equal to the input resistance of the voltage regulator.

[0011] In one embodiment of the output power control method for a voltage regulator according to this application, the preset relationship between the internal resistance of the power supply and the input resistance of the voltage regulator is: the internal resistance of the power supply is equal to 1 to 1.1 times the input resistance of the voltage regulator.

[0012] In one embodiment of the output power control method for a voltage regulator according to this application, adjusting the turns ratio between the primary and secondary coils of the internal transformer of the voltage regulator based on the internal resistance of the power supply and a preset relationship between the internal resistance of the power supply and the input resistance of the voltage regulator includes: calculating the input resistance of the voltage regulator based on the internal resistance of the power supply and the preset relationship between the internal resistance of the power supply and the input resistance of the voltage regulator; calculating the reflected resistance of the load of the voltage regulator reflected to the primary coil of the internal transformer of the voltage regulator based on the input resistance of the voltage regulator and the resistance of the primary coil of the internal transformer of the voltage regulator; wherein the reflected resistance is equal to the difference between the input resistance of the voltage regulator and the resistance of the primary coil of the internal transformer of the voltage regulator; and calculating the turns ratio based on the resistance of the load of the voltage regulator and the reflected resistance, wherein the turns ratio is equal to the square root of the ratio of the reflected resistance to the resistance of the load of the voltage regulator.

[0013] In one embodiment of the output power control method for a voltage regulator according to this application, the resistance of the load of the voltage regulator is equal to the ratio of the output voltage to the output current of the voltage regulator.

[0014] In one embodiment of the output power control method for a voltage regulator according to this application, adjusting the turns ratio between the primary and secondary coils of the internal transformer of the voltage regulator based on the internal resistance corresponding to the power supply and a preset relationship between the internal resistance corresponding to the power supply and the input resistance of the voltage regulator includes: constructing a cost function, wherein the cost function is equal to the weighted sum of a first preset objective function and a second preset objective function; wherein the second preset objective function is a function of the number of turns of the primary coil of the internal transformer of the voltage regulator; determining a safety margin for the cost function, wherein the safety margin is equal to the difference between the reflected resistance of the load of the voltage regulator reflected to the primary coil of the internal transformer of the voltage regulator and a constant internal resistance; wherein the constant internal resistance is equal to the sum of the internal resistance corresponding to the power supply and the resistance of the primary coil of the internal transformer of the voltage regulator itself; calculating the cost function value under different primary coil turns and secondary coil turns under the premise that the safety margin of the cost function is greater than zero, and taking the primary coil turns and secondary coil turns corresponding to the minimum value of the cost function as the optimal solution for the number of primary coil turns and secondary coil turns, thereby obtaining the optimal solution for the turns ratio.

[0015] In one embodiment of the output power control method for a voltage regulator according to this application, the first preset objective function is the square of the difference between the preset rated voltage and the output voltage of the voltage regulator; the second preset objective function is the logarithmic function of the difference between the reflected resistance and the constant internal resistance of the primary coil of the transformer inside the voltage regulator, which is reflected from the load of the voltage regulator.

[0016] The further objectives and advantages of this application will become fully apparent from the following description and accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The above and other objects, features, and advantages of this application will become more apparent from the more detailed description of the embodiments of this application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The drawings are provided to further illustrate the embodiments of this application and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of this application to explain this application and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings, the same reference numerals generally represent the same components or steps.

[0018] Figure 1 The illustration shows a flowchart of an output power control method for a voltage regulator according to an embodiment of this application.

[0019] Figure 2 The illustration shows a flowchart of one step of a method for controlling the output power of a voltage regulator according to an embodiment of this application.

[0020] Figure 3 The illustration shows a flowchart of another step in the output power control method for a voltage regulator according to an embodiment of this application.

[0021] Figure 4 The illustration shows a flowchart of a modified embodiment of another step in the output power control method for a voltage regulator according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0022] Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments according to this application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments of this application. It should be understood that this application is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described herein.

[0023] It is understood that the term "a" should be understood as "at least one" or "one or more," meaning that in one embodiment, the number of an element can be one, while in another embodiment, the number of the element can be multiple. The term "a" should not be construed as a limitation on the quantity. "Multiple" means two or more.

[0024] While ordinal numbers such as “first,” “second,” etc., will be used to describe various components, there is no limitation on those components herein. The term is used only to distinguish one component from another; for example, a first component may be referred to as a second component, and similarly, a second component may be referred to as a first component, without departing from the teachings of this application. The term “and / or” as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0025] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing various embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular form also includes the plural form, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the terms “comprising” and / or “having” as used in this specification specify the presence of the described features, numbers, operations, components, elements or combinations thereof, without excluding the presence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, operations, components, elements or combinations thereof.

[0026] As mentioned above, when the external power supply environment deteriorates further, especially when the input voltage of the voltage regulator drops below a certain critical threshold (e.g., below 95V), and the voltage regulator still needs to withstand a large load, traditional voltage regulators are prone to "pulling down." That is, even if the control system continues to increase the turns ratio in an attempt to increase the output voltage of the voltage regulator, it will not only fail to achieve the expected effect, but will also cause the output voltage of the voltage regulator to drop further. Due to negative feedback regulation, the control system will continue to increase the turns ratio in the wrong direction, which will cause the output voltage of the voltage regulator to drop even more severely. Ultimately, the voltage regulator may shut down due to excessive current or low voltage, and completely lose its ability to provide stable power supply.

[0027] The applicant's research revealed that the root cause is that under these extreme conditions, the internal resistance of the power supply (effectively formed by the line losses of the power distribution network) becomes non-negligible. Traditional voltage regulators often fail to fully consider the impact of the power supply's internal resistance on system stability and power transmission efficiency during their design.

[0028] Specifically, the line loss from the power distribution line (municipal power transformer) to the user's home is the internal resistance of the power supply. The equivalent input resistance of the transformer inside the voltage regulator is relative to the external resistance of the distribution terminal. .when Most of the power in the power supply system is consumed by the internal resistance of the power source. Consumption, internal resistance of the power supply It is a fixed value; the equivalent input resistance of the transformer inside the voltage regulator. It decreases as the transformer turns ratio increases. When the load on the voltage regulator is too large, the control system adjusts the equivalent input resistance of the transformer inside the voltage regulator. Adjust to be less than the internal resistance of the power supply. When this happens, the power supply system will collapse and be unable to provide enough power to the load.

[0029] Therefore, the deficiency of existing technical solutions lies in the lack of ability to effectively manage and optimize output power when the internal resistance of the power supply becomes a significant limiting factor, failing to fundamentally solve the problems of power supply stability and maximum power transmission of voltage regulators under harsh power grid environments. This highlights the urgent need to construct a solution that can intelligently control the output power of voltage regulators based on power supply characteristics, to ensure that voltage regulators can still operate efficiently and reliably under various complex power grid conditions.

[0030] Furthermore, this application finds that when The power distribution unit can provide the regulator with its maximum power. The value of r can be measured each time a load is applied to the regulator, based on the load size and the descent rate of the input voltage. The turns ratio can then be adjusted to achieve the desired effect. This not only solves the problem of voltage regulator failure, but also allows for control of the turns ratio, making... It enables the voltage regulator to output maximum power.

[0031] Specifically, firstly, based on the maximum power transfer theorem, any linear active two-terminal network can be equivalent to an ideal voltage source. With an internal resistance r The series combination of these is the Thevenin equivalent circuit. For a voltage regulator, the power grid and lines constitute this active network, and the voltage regulator itself is the load of this active network, with an equivalent input resistance of... R Therefore, setting This is the electromotive force (ideal open-circuit voltage) of the power source. It is the internal resistance of the power supply system (equivalent resistance of line losses, etc.). The equivalent input resistance of the voltage regulator as a load. Given the actual input voltage of the voltage regulator, according to Ohm's law, the current flowing through this circuit is... for: ; The power consumed by the load of the voltage regulator for: ; Therefore, it is necessary to find a way to increase the power. To reach the maximum Value, due to and This is an inherent property of the power supply and can be considered a constant. Therefore, to find the extrema of the function, it is necessary to consider the power... right Take the derivative and set it to zero. This means finding the peak point of the power curve, that is, the turning point where the power growth rate changes from positive to negative.

[0032] The differentiation process is as follows (using the quotient rule): ; Therefore, in order to reduce the power consumed by the load of the voltage regulator To the maximum, it needs to be made Therefore, we get That is, when the input resistance of the voltage regulator Equal to the internal resistance of the power supply At that time, the voltage regulator can obtain maximum power from the load.

[0033] Accordingly, such as Figure 1 As shown, an output power control method for a voltage regulator according to an embodiment of this application is illustrated. Figure 1 As shown, the output power control method for the voltage regulator includes: S1: obtaining the internal resistance of the power supply that supplies power to the voltage regulator; S2: adjusting the turns ratio between the primary and secondary coils of the transformer inside the voltage regulator based on the internal resistance of the power supply and a preset relationship between the internal resistance of the power supply and the input resistance of the voltage regulator, so as to adjust the output power of the voltage regulator.

[0034] In step S1, the internal resistance of the power supply providing power to the voltage regulator is obtained. This can be measured using load variations. This is essentially a two-point or multi-point linear regression. That is, it is triggered when the voltage regulator starts up or whenever there is a significant change in load (e.g., when a high-power appliance starts up).

[0035] Specifically, such as Figure 2As shown, step S1 includes: S11, acquiring the input voltage and input current of the regulator under different load conditions; and S12, calculating the internal resistance of the power supply based on the input voltage and input current of the regulator under different load conditions. For example, measuring the input voltage of the regulator when it is unloaded. and input current ; Under a smaller load Below, measure the input voltage of the voltage regulator. and input current .

[0036] According to Thevenin equivalent circuit: ; but: ; For example, under a smaller load Below, measure the input voltage of the voltage regulator. and input current ; Larger load after load increase Next, measure the input voltage again. and input current .

[0037] According to Thevenin equivalent circuit: ; but: ; Accordingly, in one embodiment of this application, in step S12, the internal resistance of the power supply is equal to the absolute value of the ratio of the difference between the input voltage of the regulator under the two load conditions to the difference between the input current under the two load conditions.

[0038] To improve accuracy, multiple sets of data can be collected. Data points are used, and a linear fit is performed using the least squares method. The negative of the resulting slope is... .this The value can be stored as a baseline parameter for the current line environment.

[0039] Accordingly, in another embodiment of this application, step S12 includes: S121, linearly fitting multiple groups Data points are used to obtain the graph of a linear function, where, Indicates the first The input voltage of the regulator under various load conditions; Indicates the first The input current of the regulator under various load conditions; S122, the absolute value of the slope of the linear function graph is taken as the internal resistance of the power supply.

[0040] In step S2, the turns ratio between the primary and secondary coils of the transformer inside the voltage regulator is adjusted based on the internal resistance of the power supply and the preset relationship between the internal resistance of the power supply and the input resistance of the voltage regulator, thereby adjusting the output power of the voltage regulator. Specifically, To reduce the power consumed by the load of the voltage regulator To the maximum, it needs to be made Therefore, we get That is, when the input resistance of the voltage regulator Equal to the internal resistance of the power supply At that time, the voltage regulator can obtain maximum power from the load.

[0041] Accordingly, in one embodiment of this application, the preset relationship between the internal resistance of the power supply and the input resistance of the voltage regulator is: the internal resistance of the power supply is equal to the input resistance of the voltage regulator.

[0042] Furthermore, the voltage regulator of this application includes a transformer, which includes a primary winding and a secondary winding. The turns ratio between the primary and secondary windings of the transformer inside the voltage regulator is related to the input resistance of the voltage regulator. Therefore, after determining the internal resistance of the power supply and the preset relationship between the internal resistance of the power supply and the input resistance of the voltage regulator, and thus determining the input resistance of the voltage regulator, the turns ratio between the primary and secondary windings of the transformer inside the voltage regulator can be calculated through the input resistance of the voltage regulator.

[0043] Specifically, the equivalent input resistance of the voltage regulator The actual load is mainly connected to the secondary side of the transformer. Through turns ratio ( The reflected resistance (i.e., the number of turns in the primary coil / the number of turns in the secondary coil) reflected back to the primary coil. and the primary resistance of the voltage regulator itself (For example, the resistance of the coil copper) is determined. The input resistance of the voltage regulator is equal to the sum of the resistance of the primary winding of the transformer inside the voltage regulator and the reflected resistance of the load from the voltage regulator to the primary winding of the transformer inside the voltage regulator, expressed as: ; in, This indicates the input resistance of the voltage regulator; This represents the resistance of the primary winding of the transformer inside the voltage regulator, and is an inherent parameter of the voltage regulator. This represents the reflected resistance of the load reflected from the voltage regulator to the primary winding of the transformer inside the voltage regulator.

[0044] The reflected resistance of the load from the voltage regulator to the primary winding of the transformer inside the voltage regulator is equal to the product of the square of the turns ratio between the primary and secondary windings of the transformer and the resistance of the load on the voltage regulator, expressed as: ; in, This indicates the turns ratio between the primary and secondary windings of the transformer inside the voltage regulator; This indicates the number of turns in the primary winding of the transformer inside the voltage regulator; This indicates the number of turns in the secondary coil of the transformer inside the voltage regulator; This indicates the resistance of the load on the voltage regulator. It is equal to the ratio of the regulator's output voltage to its output current, therefore, It can be obtained by measuring the output voltage and output current of the voltage regulator and calculating the ratio of the output voltage to the output current.

[0045] Accordingly, given a fixed input resistance of the voltage regulator, the turns ratio between the primary and secondary windings of the transformer inside the voltage regulator can be calculated using the following formula: ; When the preset relationship between the internal resistance of the power supply and the input resistance of the voltage regulator is: the internal resistance of the power supply equals the input resistance of the voltage regulator. To increase system margin, the preset relationship between the power supply's internal resistance and the regulator's input resistance is: the power supply's internal resistance equals the regulator's input resistance. times, of which It is 1 to 1.1, for example, 1.05 to 1.1.

[0046] Accordingly, such as Figure 3 As shown, step S2 includes: S21, calculating the input resistance of the voltage regulator based on the internal resistance of the power supply and the preset relationship between the internal resistance of the power supply and the input resistance of the voltage regulator; S22, calculating the reflected resistance of the load of the voltage regulator to the primary coil of the internal transformer of the voltage regulator based on the input resistance of the voltage regulator and the resistance of the primary coil of the internal transformer of the voltage regulator; wherein the reflected resistance is equal to the difference between the input resistance of the voltage regulator and the resistance of the primary coil of the internal transformer of the voltage regulator; S23, calculating the turns ratio based on the resistance of the load of the voltage regulator and the reflected resistance, wherein the turns ratio is equal to the square root of the ratio of the reflected resistance to the resistance of the load of the voltage regulator.

[0047] Because in the control system, (Number of turns of the secondary coil) and The load is variable, but for the control algorithm, The number of turns in the primary coil is a directly adjustable parameter (by switching the taps of the voltage regulator), so the turns ratio can be adjusted by adjusting the number of turns in the primary coil.

[0048] It is worth mentioning that steps S1 and S2 are performed to prevent the voltage regulator from "breaking down" when the input voltage of the voltage regulator is lower than or equal to a preset critical threshold and the voltage regulator tends to continue increasing the turns ratio. When the input voltage of the voltage regulator is within the normal range, it can be regulated in the conventional way, that is, the output voltage is kept stable by adjusting the turns ratio of the transformer. For example, when the input voltage decreases, the output voltage is increased by increasing the turns ratio, and when the input voltage increases, the output voltage is decreased by decreasing the turns ratio.

[0049] Accordingly, in this embodiment, a dual-mode control system is employed, switching between mode one and mode two. Mode one is the conventional voltage regulation mode: the input voltage of the voltage regulator... Within the normal range (e.g., >95V), the regulator maintains the output voltage. Stabilize at a preset rated voltage (e.g., 220V), specifically, the regulator adjusts according to the output voltage. Adjust the number of turns of the primary coil to correct the deviation. (or turns ratio) This is a typical negative feedback control. Mode 2 is the maximum power point tracking and anti-"pull-down" mode: when the input voltage of the regulator is detected... The voltage is below a preset critical voltage threshold (e.g., ≤95V), and the system continues to increase the turns ratio (decreases) When the trend is in motion, execute accordingly, and temporarily abandon [the plan]. The goal is to stabilize the voltage at 220V. First, obtain the resistor corresponding to the power supply. Then, execute steps S1 and S2. Even if the output voltage may be less than 220V, control must still be performed because the primary task is to prevent system crashes until the input voltage is reached. Once the voltage returns to above the safety threshold, you can exit Mode 2 and return to the normal voltage regulation mode.

[0050] This achieves maximum power transfer, meaning that even in extreme situations where the power grid's supply capacity is severely insufficient, power can be transferred by... The voltage regulator can obtain the theoretically maximum power from the line, ensuring that the output power is the peak that can be achieved under current conditions, even if the output voltage may be reduced, providing the strongest power support for the back-end equipment.

[0051] At the same time, it can prevent system voltage collapse. That is, traditional voltage regulators can cause power system collapse under low voltage, while in the embodiments of this application, by setting... The lower limit (i.e.) This ensures system stability by shifting the control logic from maintaining voltage to maintaining power, and from passive response to active management.

[0052] Therefore, in this embodiment, the voltage regulator can operate in harsher power grid environments, greatly improving the product's environmental adaptability and operational reliability, and is particularly suitable for remote areas, temporary construction sites, or industrial scenarios with poor power grid quality.

[0053] Accordingly, in one embodiment of this application, the output power control method for a voltage regulator further includes, before step S1: S01, acquiring the input voltage of the voltage regulator; S02, in response to the input voltage of the voltage regulator being lower than or equal to a preset critical voltage threshold and the voltage regulator showing a tendency to continue increasing the turns ratio, entering a first voltage regulation mode; or, S03, in response to the input voltage of the voltage regulator being lower than or equal to the preset critical voltage threshold, entering a second voltage regulation mode; wherein, entering the first voltage regulation mode includes: steps S1 and S2; entering the second voltage regulation mode includes: acquiring the rated output voltage of the voltage regulator; adjusting the output voltage of the voltage regulator to the rated output voltage.

[0054] Furthermore, in maximum power point tracking and anti-drag mode, dynamic optimal trade-off control can be performed to maintain a preset relationship between the internal resistance of the power supply and the input resistance of the regulator (for example, the internal resistance of the power supply is equal to the input resistance of the regulator, i.e., ...). In the case of [missing information], more in-depth analysis of power flow can ensure maximum load power.

[0055] The energy from the power source passes through the corresponding internal resistance of the power source in sequence. The resistance of the primary coil of the transformer inside the voltage regulator The load eventually reaches the voltage regulator Therefore, the total input power obtained from the power grid is: ; The power actually transferred to the load of the voltage regulator, i.e., the secondary power, is: ; That is, It's the voltage regulator's own losses, it's the cost, and... It's the value delivered to the load, so the goal is to maximize it. .

[0056] So, load power Represented as controllable variables Functions: ; in (Power supply characteristics) and (An inherent property of voltage regulators) is a fixed value, controlled by adjusting the turns ratio. ,right Seeking information about The derivative can be obtained as follows: ; In order to To the maximum, it needs to be made Therefore, we get It can be observed that its mathematical form is completely consistent with the fundamental maximum power transfer theorem, except that the equivalent internal resistance has become... Therefore, to maximize the power received by the load, the condition is... This means that the internal resistance of the primary coil itself should also be treated as part of the power supply's internal resistance, thereby maximizing the effective output power.

[0057] Therefore, in the critical state, there are two conflicting objectives: Objective A (Voltage Stability): To make as stable as possible near (e.g., 220V), this needs to be reduced. (Increase the turns ratio); Objective B (Power Stability): Ensure This is to prevent system crashes. A lower limit is set for the reduction.

[0058] To comprehensively consider objectives A and B without suspending objective A, a cost function that simultaneously penalizes voltage deviation and system instability risks needs to be defined, and this can be achieved by adjusting the turns ratio (i.e., adjusting...). To minimize this cost function, this process is called dynamic optimal trade-off.

[0059] First, the cost function is defined as: ;in, This represents the first preset objective function; This represents the second preset objective function; and These are weighting coefficients. and The sum is 1. and Used to adjust the emphasis on voltage accuracy and system stability, for example, in When the value is extremely low, it can be dynamically increased. The value, for example, =0.8.

[0060] ;in It equals the preset rated voltage; It is being adjusted Predicted output voltage. This is a logarithmic barrier function used to impose a sharply increased penalty when the system approaches the instability boundary, thereby preventing the controller from going out of bounds. For example, it defines a safety margin: Then the system will always maintain In this case, Defined as: ; That is, when Much larger At that time (the system was very stable). It's very big. It is a small negative number relative to the total cost. The impact is minimal; and when Approaching from above hour, Tend to Its logarithm It tends toward negative infinity, therefore It will rapidly approach positive infinity. In other words, this mathematical property simulates the boundary effect, that is, as long as you are far from the boundary, you can move freely (focus on voltage), but once you get close to the boundary, there will be a huge back pressure (focus on stability).

[0061] Specifically, based on this, the algorithm execution flow is as follows: When detected When the value is below the critical threshold, the following discrete optimization algorithm is activated: (1) System state awareness: Real-time measurement of the input voltage of the voltage regulator Input current of the voltage regulator The output voltage of the voltage regulator and the output current of the voltage regulator Read the calibrated internal resistance of the power supply. and the resistance of the primary coil of the transformer Calculate the current equivalent load resistance of the voltage regulator. .

[0062] (2) Candidate strategy evaluation (iterative optimization): The turns ratio of the voltage regulator is achieved by switching taps, which means The value of is discrete, which requires traversing all possible tap settings. For each available primary-side turns option... : First, predict the system state, including predicting the reflection resistance: In other words, It may also follow Interlocking changes, that is This is determined by the transformer design; and the output voltage is predicted using transformer formulas and input voltage drop models, for example, simplified as: ; Then calculate the cost function. Among them, safety margin If, through boundary checks, This indicates that the option will cause the system to crash, so it should be discarded (assigning it an infinite cost). If it is safe, then calculate the total cost: ; And in all calculated effective costs In the given information, find the value with the smallest value, then the number of turns of the original edge corresponding to that minimum cost. It is the optimal solution under the current operating conditions.

[0063] Repeat the above steps continuously for real-time dynamic adjustments until... Return to normal level and exit this mode.

[0064] In this way, dynamic optimal trade-off control can achieve smooth performance degradation. That is, instead of the sudden output voltage fluctuations that might result from hard switching between regulation and keep-alive, the output voltage decreases smoothly and slightly as the input voltage decreases, always maintaining the highest stable voltage achievable under the current conditions. Furthermore, by using more precise... The model maximizes the effective power actually delivered to the load, rather than the portion consumed by the regulator itself, thus more accurately maximizing load power and improving the efficiency of the entire system.

[0065] In addition, by adjusting the weights and Different states can be assigned to the voltage regulator; for example, for medical devices, extremely high settings can be configured. This ensures the system never crashes; for ordinary household appliances, a balance can be struck to adapt to more application scenarios. Furthermore, the introduction of the logarithmic barrier function provides an effective soft boundary for system stability, meaning it doesn't wait until the edge of collapse to act, but proactively and smoothly increases control intensity as it approaches the danger zone, making the entire anti-breakdown mechanism more reliable.

[0066] Accordingly, such as Figure 4As shown, in one embodiment of this application, step S2 includes: S21A, constructing a cost function, wherein the cost function is equal to the weighted sum of a first preset objective function and a second preset objective function; wherein the second preset objective function is a function of the number of turns of the primary winding of the transformer inside the voltage regulator; S22A, determining the safety margin of the cost function, wherein the safety margin is equal to the difference between the reflected resistance of the load of the voltage regulator reflected to the primary winding of the transformer inside the voltage regulator and the constant internal resistance; wherein the constant internal resistance is equal to the sum of the internal resistance corresponding to the power supply and the resistance of the primary winding of the transformer inside the voltage regulator itself; S23A, calculating the cost function value under different primary winding turns and secondary winding turns conditions, provided that the safety margin of the cost function is greater than zero, and taking the primary winding turns and secondary winding turns corresponding to the minimum value of the cost function as the optimal solution for the number of primary winding turns and secondary winding turns, thereby obtaining the optimal solution for the turns ratio. The first preset objective function is the square of the difference between the preset rated voltage and the output voltage of the voltage regulator; the second preset objective function is the logarithmic function of the difference between the reflected resistance and the constant internal resistance of the primary coil of the transformer inside the voltage regulator, which is reflected from the load of the voltage regulator.

[0067] In summary, the proposed output power control method for a voltage regulator can prevent the power supply system from collapsing under conditions of low input voltage and high load, thus improving the operational reliability of the power supply system.

[0068] The present application and its embodiments have been described above. This description is not restrictive, and the accompanying drawings are only one embodiment of the present application. The actual structure is not limited to this. In conclusion, if a person skilled in the art is inspired by this description and designs a similar structure and embodiment without departing from the spirit of the present application, such design should fall within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the output power of a voltage regulator, characterized in that, include: Obtain the internal resistance of the power supply that supplies power to the voltage regulator; Adjusting the turns ratio between the primary and secondary coils of the transformer inside the voltage regulator based on the internal resistance of the power supply and the preset relationship between the internal resistance of the power supply and the input resistance of the voltage regulator, thereby adjusting the output power of the voltage regulator, includes: constructing a cost function, where the cost function is equal to the weighted sum of a first preset objective function and a second preset objective function; wherein the second preset objective function is a function of the number of turns in the primary coil of the transformer inside the voltage regulator, and the first preset objective function is the square of the difference between the preset rated voltage and the output voltage of the voltage regulator; the second preset objective function is the load reflected by the voltage regulator to the primary coil of the transformer inside the voltage regulator. The logarithmic function of the difference between the reflected resistance and the constant internal resistance is used to determine the safety margin of the cost function, where the safety margin is equal to the difference between the reflected resistance of the load reflected from the voltage regulator to the primary coil of the transformer inside the voltage regulator and the constant internal resistance; where the constant internal resistance is equal to the sum of the internal resistance of the power supply and the resistance of the primary coil of the transformer inside the voltage regulator itself; the cost function value is calculated under the premise that the safety margin of the cost function is greater than zero, under different primary coil turns and secondary coil turns, and the primary coil turns and secondary coil turns corresponding to the minimum value of the cost function are taken as the optimal solution for the primary coil turns and secondary coil turns, and then the optimal solution for the turns ratio is obtained.

2. The output power control method for a voltage regulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, Obtain the internal resistance of the power supply that powers the voltage regulator, including: Obtain the input voltage and input current of the voltage regulator under different load conditions; The internal resistance of the power supply is calculated based on the input voltage and input current of the voltage regulator under different load conditions.

3. The output power control method for a voltage regulator according to claim 2, characterized in that, The internal resistance of the power supply is equal to the absolute value of the ratio of the difference between the input voltage of the regulator under the two load conditions to the difference between the input current under the two load conditions.

4. The output power control method for a voltage regulator according to claim 2, characterized in that, The internal resistance of the power supply is calculated based on the input voltage and input current of the voltage regulator under different load conditions, including: Linear fitting multiple groups Data points are used to obtain the graph of a linear function, where, Indicates the first The input voltage of the regulator under various load conditions; Indicates the first The input current of the voltage regulator under various load conditions; The absolute value of the slope of the linear function graph is taken as the internal resistance of the power source.

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