A method for obtaining a dynamic ice-to-substrate interfacial adhesion strength envelope

Abstract

The application relates to a method for obtaining a dynamic ice-to-substrate interface adhesion strength envelope, which comprises the following steps: preparing a target ice layer on a substrate to be measured; obtaining uniaxial tensile adhesion strength and uniaxial shear adhesion strength; obtaining the horizontal coordinate value and the vertical coordinate value of N first measured data points in the adhesion strength envelope of the target ice layer and the substrate to be measured in a shear-tension coupling state; performing data fitting through a non-inflexion distribution model and a first inflexion distribution model, and judging the type of the adhesion strength envelope of the target ice layer and the substrate material according to the fitting degrees of the two distribution models; if the envelope is a non-inflexion envelope, taking the non-inflexion curve corresponding to the fitted uniform distribution model as the measured adhesion strength envelope; if the envelope is an inflexion envelope, again presetting N second measured data points; and performing data fitting on all the data points through a second inflexion distribution model to obtain the measured envelope.

Description

[0001] Priority application This application claims priority to Chinese invention patent applications filed on August 29, 2023, namely, "A method and system for measuring the adhesion strength envelope of static ice-material interface" [Application No.: 2023111006000] and "A method for measuring the adhesion strength envelope of ice layer-material interface", which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0002] Divisional application This application is a divisional application of Chinese invention patent application filed on May 10, 2024 [Application No.: 202410583188.0] [Title: An Experimental Design Method for Measuring the Envelope of Ice Adhesion Strength on Material Surfaces]. Technical Field

[0003] This invention relates to the measurement and characterization of the mechanical properties of ice interfaces, specifically to a method for obtaining the adhesion strength envelope of the interface between dynamic ice and the substrate under test. Background Technology

[0004] Icing during flight can pose a significant hazard to aircraft operations. Research indicates that the lower the adhesion between the ice layer and the aircraft's structural substrate material, the easier it is for aircraft anti-icing and de-icing technologies to remove the ice layer from the aircraft skin surface. Therefore, accurately measuring and analyzing the adhesion properties between ice and the aircraft's structural substrate material can provide reference and data support for the design of aircraft anti-icing and de-icing technologies.

[0005] The adhesion properties of the interface between ice and aircraft structural substrate materials include interfacial adhesion shear strength and interfacial adhesion tensile strength. However, current research on experimental testing methods for the interfacial adhesion properties between ice and substrate materials mainly focuses on uniaxial stress shear adhesion strength testing or uniaxial stress tensile adhesion strength testing. For example, Chinese patent CN112014234B provides a measuring device that can be used for uniaxial stress shear adhesion strength testing or uniaxial stress tensile adhesion strength testing. It discloses that in the normal ice adhesion force test, a nylon rope is used to connect a connector at the bottom of a cylindrical cup. After connection, a tensile test is quickly performed using a normal testing device. The obtained cup rim release force value minus the weight of the cup itself is the normal force value required for the ice to detach. In the tangential ice adhesion force test, a nylon rope is used to connect a connector at the side of the cylindrical cup. After connection, a tangential tensile test is quickly performed. The obtained cup rim release force value minus the weight of the cup itself is the tangential force value required for the ice to detach. For example, Chinese patent CN102288542A provides a system and method for measuring the adhesion strength of ice on a material surface. It achieves linear tensile force growth by using standard weights of different weights, thereby measuring the normal adhesion force.

[0006] Therefore, current research on experimental testing methods for the interfacial adhesion properties between ice layers and substrate materials mainly focuses on shear adhesion strength testing or tensile adhesion strength testing under uniaxial stress conditions. However, compared to single interfacial strength, the combined tensile-shear stress state and its strength envelope under multiaxial stress conditions can more objectively and comprehensively reflect interfacial adhesion properties. Therefore, currently, there is a lack of a measurement system and corresponding method for measuring the interfacial adhesion strength envelope between ice layers and substrate materials under multiaxial stress conditions.

[0007] Generally, the distribution models of the interfacial adhesion strength envelope of different materials differ. Known distribution models broadly fall into two categories: one is a curve distribution without inflection points, and the other is a broken line with inflection points located in different regions (e.g., the inflection point appears in the middle region, the front-middle region, or the rear-middle region). However, the most commonly used method for measuring the envelope is the mean measurement experiment based on a uniform distribution, which is the most frequently used method for obtaining the interfacial adhesion strength envelope of materials. However, the properties of the ice layer and the material interface differ. Ice layers are further divided into static ice and dynamic ice, and the conditions under which different ice layers are formed and their properties differ. The way they form interfaces with the material interface also differs. All of these factors may affect the shape of the interface adhesion strength envelope. If uniform test values ​​are directly applied to the measurement of the adhesion strength between the ice layer and the substrate material surface, the envelope characteristics (e.g., inflection point characteristics and the region where the inflection point is located) may be weakened, thereby reducing the measurement accuracy. If multiple distribution models are used for experiments and the results are selected separately, the entire experimental cycle will be lengthened. Furthermore, whether to use one distribution model or multiple distribution models will also affect the planning of the entire experimental scheme for measuring the envelope.

[0008] In view of this, given the lack of in-depth research on the adhesion strength envelope of the ice layer and the material interface in existing technologies, how to plan experimental schemes to find a method suitable for measuring the adhesion strength envelope of the ice layer and the substrate material interface is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for obtaining the adhesion strength envelope of the interface between dynamic ice and the substrate under test, which partially solves or alleviates the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art and provides a new direction for exploring the acquisition of the adhesion strength envelope of the interface between dynamic ice and the substrate material.

[0010] To solve the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention specifically adopts the following technical solution: This invention provides a method for obtaining the adhesion strength envelope of the interface between dynamic ice and a substrate under test, comprising the following steps: preparing a dynamic ice layer on the substrate under test; obtaining the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength and uniaxial shear adhesion strength of the interface between the dynamic ice and the substrate under test; pre-setting N first test data points with uniformly distributed abscissas, and obtaining the abscissa and ordinate values ​​of the N first test data points under shear-tension coupling conditions through experiments; performing data fitting using a pre-set inflection point-free distribution model and a pre-set inflection point distribution model, and determining the envelope characteristic type of the adhesion strength envelope between the target ice layer and the substrate material based on the goodness of fit of the two distribution models; if it is an inflection point-free envelope, taking the inflection point-free curve corresponding to the inflection point-free distribution model after data fitting as the adhesion strength envelope under test; if it is an inflection point-free envelope, setting N second test data points. The second inflection point distribution model and the distribution density function of the abscissa are matched to N second test data points according to the envelope feature type. Then, under shear-tension coupling, the abscissa and ordinate values ​​of N second test data points with the abscissa following a specific distribution density function are obtained experimentally. The second inflection point distribution model is matched from three preset basic inflection point distribution models according to the envelope feature type. The envelope feature type includes: the existence of a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle of the envelope; or, the existence of a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the front middle of the envelope; or, the existence of a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the rear middle of the envelope. The second inflection point distribution model is used to fit the obtained 2N test data points and uniaxial tensile adhesion strength and uniaxial shear adhesion strength to obtain the envelope of the adhesion strength between the dynamic ice and the substrate to be tested.

[0011] In some embodiments, the step of obtaining the abscissa and ordinate values ​​of N second test data points experimentally under shear-tensile coupling conditions specifically includes: calculating the abscissa value of each second test data point based on the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength and the distribution density function; for each second test data point, experimentally obtaining the average peak value of the tangential tensile force under the coupled tangential load state based on the tensile load corresponding to the abscissa value; calculating the shear adhesion strength of the second test data point based on the average peak value of the tangential tensile force, thereby obtaining the ordinate value of the second test data point.

[0012] In some embodiments, the step of obtaining the abscissa and ordinate values ​​of N first test data points through experiments specifically includes the following steps: uniformly dividing the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength into N levels to obtain tensile adhesion strength values ​​of N first test data points, and using these values ​​as the abscissa values ​​of the N first test data points; for each first test data point, obtaining the average peak value of the tangential tensile force under the coupled tangential load state based on the tensile load corresponding to the abscissa value through experiments; calculating the shear adhesion strength of the first test data point based on the average peak value of the tangential tensile force, thereby obtaining the ordinate value of the first test data point.

[0013] In some embodiments, the step of calculating the abscissa value of each second test data point based on the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength and the distribution density function specifically includes: if the envelope feature has a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle of the envelope, and the abscissas of the N second test data points follow a normal distribution, the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength is divided into N levels based on the normal distribution function to obtain the tensile adhesion strength values ​​of the N second test data points; if the envelope feature has a significant inflection point, and the inflection point appears in the middle-front part of the envelope, and the abscissas of the N second test data points follow a Gamma distribution, the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength is divided into N levels based on the Gamma distribution function to obtain the tensile adhesion strength values ​​of the N second test data points. If the envelope feature has a significant inflection point, and the inflection point occurs in the middle and rear part of the envelope, and the abscissa of the N second test data points follows a Gamma mirror distribution, the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength is divided into N levels based on the Gamma distribution function to obtain the tensile adhesion strength mirror values ​​of the N second test data points. Then, the tensile adhesion strength mirror values ​​of the N second test data points are mirrored with a preset axis of symmetry to obtain the tensile adhesion strength values ​​of the N second test data points.

[0014] In some embodiments, the axis of symmetry is located at The midpoint of the abscissa of the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength in the coordinate system, and at the same point as... The horizontal axis is perpendicular in the coordinate system.

[0015] In some embodiments, for each second test data point, the step of experimentally obtaining the average peak value of tangential tensile force under the coupled tangential load state based on the tensile load corresponding to the horizontal coordinate value specifically includes: for the first second test data point, based on the tensile load corresponding to the horizontal coordinate value, applying a normal tensile force to the normal tensile force value corresponding to the first level of tensile adhesion strength, and then applying a tangential load until the target ice layer and the test substrate separate at the interface; obtaining the peak value of shear tensile force collected by the stress sensor; repeating this multiple times, and calculating the average peak value of the tangential tensile force; for the second second test data point, based on the tensile load corresponding to the horizontal coordinate value, applying a normal tensile force to the normal tensile force value corresponding to the second level of tensile adhesion strength, and then applying a tangential load until the target ice layer and the test substrate separate at the interface, obtaining the peak value of shear tensile force collected by the stress sensor; repeating this multiple times, and calculating the average peak value of the tangential tensile force; repeating this N times until the average peak value of the tangential tensile force for the Nth second test data point is obtained.

[0016] In some embodiments, the fitting formula corresponding to the first inflection point distribution model is: ;in, For interfacial shear stress, For interfacial tensile stress, These are the fitting parameters to be solved.

[0017] In some embodiments, if the envelope feature has a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle of the envelope, the fitting formula for the corresponding second inflection point distribution model is: Alternatively, if the envelope feature has a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle to front part of the envelope, the fitting formula for the corresponding second inflection point distribution model is: Alternatively, if the envelope feature has a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle to rear part of the envelope, the fitting formula for the corresponding second inflection point distribution model is: ;in, For interfacial shear stress, For interfacial tensile stress, These are the fitting parameters to be solved.

[0018] In some embodiments, the above method is based on a dynamic ice-material interface adhesion strength envelope measurement system. The dynamic ice-material interface adhesion strength envelope measurement system includes: a base with a first air duct inside; an air core fixed to the base and communicating with the first air duct; a test substrate cup holder that can be sleeved on the air core; a flexible carrier disposed within the test substrate cup holder with a top opening of a second air duct; a tangential power source and a gas-flow normal power source for applying tangential and normal tensile forces to the dynamic ice formed on the cup holder; and a negative pressure device, wherein the negative pressure device is connected to a first air duct. The three airway pipelines are connected to the first airway pipeline, and the host computer communicates with the tangential power source, the airflow-type normal power source, and the negative pressure device. Accordingly, the steps for preparing the target ice layer on the substrate to be tested specifically include: the steps of controlling the negative pressure device to evacuate the vacuum through the host computer so that the flexible carrier is tightly sealed to the outlet of the second airway pipeline on the upper surface of the cup holder made of the substrate material; the measurement system is placed in the icing environment, and the cup holder is located in the incoming flow direction of the icing environment so that the supercooled water droplets / water vapor in the icing environment generate a dynamic ice layer on the upper surface of the cup holder.

[0019] In some embodiments, the step of obtaining the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength of the interface between the dynamic ice and the substrate to be tested specifically includes: controlling the airflow-type normal power source to generate airflow through a host computer to push the flexible carrier outward, so that the flexible carrier pushes the dynamic ice layer along the normal direction of the dynamic ice layer interface, thereby generating a normal tensile force at the dynamic ice layer interface; when the dynamic ice layer detaches from the upper surface of the cup holder, calculating the interface tensile adhesion strength based on the current airflow pressure of the airflow-type normal power source; repeating the above steps to perform multiple measurements, and calculating the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength based on the normal tensile force obtained when the dynamic ice layer detaches from the multiple measurements.

[0020] In some embodiments, the formula for calculating the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength is: Wherein, S is the area of ​​the upper surface of the cup holder; p is the airflow pressure generated by the airflow generating device when the dynamic ice layer falls off; s′ is the area of ​​the airflow generated by the airflow generating device acting on the flexible carrier; and / or, the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength is: Where S is the area of ​​the upper surface of the cup holder; p is the airflow pressure generated by the airflow generating device when the dynamic ice layer falls off; s′ is the area of ​​the airflow generated by the airflow generating device acting on the flexible carrier; M is the number of measurements, M>1.

[0021] Beneficial effects: This invention sets a set of data points with a uniformly distributed abscissa, and then uses a distribution model without inflection points and a preset first inflection point distribution model to fit the data. Based on the fitting results, it preliminarily determines whether there is an inflection point in the adhesion strength envelope of the ice layer and the substrate material interface. If there is an inflection point, a set of data points with a specific distribution on the abscissa is set according to the approximate location of the inflection point (the corresponding envelope feature type can be obtained from the fitting results, and then matched according to the envelope feature type or automatically matched to a specific second inflection point distribution model by the system) and superimposed on the aforementioned set of data points, thereby amplifying the inflection point feature and more accurately determining the location of the inflection point. If there is no inflection point, the above-mentioned distribution model without inflection points can be directly used for fitting. Specifically, for the predicted envelope with inflection point characteristics, the distribution density of multiple second test data points is planned (e.g., the horizontal axis follows a specific distribution). Then, all the measured data (first test data points, second test data points, etc.) are summarized to amplify the inflection point characteristics (e.g., by increasing the density of test data points around the inflection point, the inflection point characteristics will inevitably be amplified when all data points are superimposed), thereby more accurately determining the specific location of the inflection point.

[0022] Compared to the problem that simply using the mean measurement method weakens the envelope feature, the method of this invention can, on the basis of obtaining the same number of test data points, adjust the number (or density) of test data points around the inflection point (i.e. envelope feature), thereby not only amplifying the inflection point feature, but also more intuitively and accurately locating the specific position of the inflection point, making its envelope fitting function more accurate. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. The elements or parts in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1a A flowchart of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is provided, illustrating an experimental design method for measuring the ice adhesion strength envelope of a material surface. Figure 1b A flowchart illustrating an experimental design method for measuring the ice adhesion strength envelope on the surface of a material, as another exemplary embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2aThis is a structural diagram of a dynamic ice-material interface adhesion strength envelope measurement system, which is an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2b This is a structural diagram of a static ice-material interface adhesion strength envelope measurement system, which is an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2c for Figure 2b A schematic diagram showing the placement of ice molds on the ice-making platform. Figure 2d for Figure 2b A schematic diagram of static ice prepared by the ice-making platform in China; Figure 3 To reflect the data points corresponding to uniaxial shear adhesion strength and uniaxial tensile adhesion strength at... A schematic diagram of the position in the coordinate system; Figure 4a This is a schematic diagram of the first preset strength envelope; Figure 4b This is a schematic diagram of the second preset strength envelope; Figure 4c This is a schematic diagram of the third preset strength envelope; Figure 4d This is a schematic diagram of the fourth preset strength envelope; Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the abscissa distribution of the first set of test data points obtained from the simulation pre-experiment for measuring the envelope of the adhesion strength between the ice layer and the substrate under test according to the experimental design. Figure 6 To simulate the envelope measurement of the adhesion strength between the ice layer and the substrate under test according to the experimental design, the abscissa distribution of each data point in the second set of test data points obtained from the simulation pre-experiment is shown. Figure 7 To simulate the envelope measurement of the adhesion strength between the ice layer and the substrate under test according to the experimental design, the abscissa distribution of each data point in the third set of test data points obtained from the simulation pre-experiment is shown in the figure. Figure 8 This is a diagram showing the abscissa distribution of the fourth set of test data points obtained from the simulation pre-experiment prediction of the envelope measurement of the adhesion strength envelope between the surface layer and the substrate under test, according to the experimental design. Figure 9a The shear adhesion strength distribution of eight uniformly distributed predicted data points under tensile-shear coupled loading conditions is shown in the figure. Figure 9b For the uniform distribution model Figure 9a A schematic diagram of the fitting curve obtained by fitting data from 8 predicted data points; Figure 9c Based on the first type of broken line pair Figure 9a A schematic diagram of the fitting curve obtained by fitting data from 8 predicted data points.

[0025] Summary of reference numerals in the attached diagram: Refrigeration platform 1, clamp 10; ice mold 2, hollow cavity 21, sealing cover 22, slot 23, arc handle 24; substrate to be tested 3; static ice 4a, interface between ice and substrate to be tested 43; force sensor 5; traction rope 71, hand-cranked pulley 72, fixed pulley 73; support frame 8; cup holder 9; air core 11; supercooled droplet 12; thrust gauge 13; air pipe 14; vacuum pump 15; compressor 16; dynamic ice 4b; plastic sheet 17. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. In this document, suffixes such as "module," "component," or "unit" used to represent elements are only for the purpose of illustrative purposes and have no specific meaning in themselves. Therefore, "module," "component," or "unit" can be used interchangeably. In this document, the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," "front," "rear," "one end," "the other end," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In this document, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "equipped with," "connected," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances. "And / or" in this document includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed related items. "A plurality" in this document means two or more, i.e., it includes two, three, four, five, etc.

[0027] Current research on experimental testing methods for the interfacial adhesion properties between ice layers and substrate materials mainly focuses on testing the shear adhesion strength under uniaxial stress or the tensile adhesion strength under uniaxial stress. Research on systems and methods for measuring the envelope of the ice-substrate interfacial adhesion strength is still lacking. Although various distribution models exist for envelope measurement, it remains inconclusive which distribution best fits the ice-substrate interface. The common method for obtaining the envelope of interfacial adhesion strength is to conduct envelope experiments using uniform test values. However, simply using uniform test values ​​may weaken the envelope characteristics, thus reducing measurement accuracy. Directly using known distribution models for separate experiments and data fitting is time-consuming and costly. Therefore, how to rationally plan experiments for measuring the envelope of the ice-substrate interfacial adhesion strength is a pressing issue that needs to be addressed.

[0028] In view of this, this invention proposes an experimental design method for measuring the envelope of adhesion strength between ice and material interfaces. By setting a set of data points with uniformly distributed abscissas, and fitting them to distribution models with and without inflection points respectively, the envelope characteristic type can be initially predicted. If an inflection point exists, the inflection point distribution model for data fitting is determined based on the envelope characteristic type, along with the distribution density of a second set of test data points designed to amplify the inflection point characteristics. Then, all measured data points are summarized, amplifying the corresponding characteristics (for example, if an inflection point exists, increasing the density of test data points around the inflection point will inevitably amplify the inflection point characteristics when all data points are superimposed). This provides a more reliable research direction for exploring and obtaining the envelope of adhesion strength between ice and the substrate under test.

[0029] Example 1: See Figure 1a This is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, showing a method for designing an experiment to measure the envelope of adhesion strength at the ice-material interface. Specifically, the method includes the following steps: S101, Prepare the interface between the ice layer and the substrate to be tested.

[0030] S102, obtain the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength and uniaxial shear adhesion strength of the interface between the ice layer and the substrate to be tested, respectively. In some embodiments, a normal tensile force is applied to the ice layer by a normal power source until the ice layer falls off, and the current peak value of the normal tensile force is obtained. This is repeated multiple times, the average value of the peak value of the normal tensile force is calculated, and the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength is further obtained according to the following formula (2). Similarly, the corresponding tangential shear force is applied to the ice layer by the tangential power source until the ice layer falls off, and the current peak value of the tangential shear force is obtained. This process is repeated multiple times, and the average value of the peak value of the normal shear force is calculated. Furthermore, the uniaxial shear adhesion strength is obtained according to the following formula (1). .

[0031] In some embodiments, (1); (2); where, The average peak value of tangential tensile force. The average peak value of the normal tensile force. This represents the contact area between the ice layer and the substrate under test.

[0032] S103, under shear-tension coupling, the abscissa and ordinate values ​​of multiple test data points in the adhesion strength envelope of the ice layer and the substrate under test were obtained by experiment.

[0033] In some embodiments, considering the envelope characteristics of various known strength envelopes (e.g., with or without inflection points, and the inflection points being located at different positions), a corresponding shear-tensile load loading experiment plan is designed. Specifically, step S103 includes: dividing all test data points equally according to at least four preset strength envelopes to obtain at least four groups of test data points; matching a corresponding distribution model for the abscissa of each group of test data points according to the envelope characteristics of each preset strength envelope; calculating the abscissa value of each test data point in each group according to the pre-obtained maximum tensile adhesion strength (i.e., uniaxial tensile adhesion strength) and the corresponding distribution model; for each test data point, obtaining the average peak value of the tangential tensile force under the coupled tangential load state based on the tensile load corresponding to the abscissa value; calculating the shear adhesion strength of the test data point based on the average peak value of the tangential tensile force, thereby obtaining the ordinate value of the test data point.

[0034] See Figure 4a Assuming the strength envelope of the ice layer-substrate interface is a first preset strength envelope, its characteristics are: no inflection point, roughly or almost uniformly distributed, and the corresponding fitting formula (i.e., the distribution model without inflection points) is: (3); among which, Uniaxial shear adhesion strength, Uniaxial tensile adhesion strength, For interfacial shear stress, For interfacial tensile stress, parameters , Determine the parameters to be fitted.

[0035] See Figure 4b Assuming the ice layer interface strength envelope is a second preset strength envelope, its envelope characteristics are: there is a significant inflection point, and the inflection point appears in the middle of the envelope. The corresponding fitting formula (i.e., one of the basic inflection point distribution models) is: (4); where, parameter , , , , Determine the parameters to be fitted; See Figure 4c Assuming the ice layer interface strength envelope is the third preset strength envelope, its envelope characteristics are: there is a significant inflection point, and the inflection point appears in the middle to front part of the envelope. The corresponding fitting formula (i.e., the second basic inflection point distribution model) is: (5); where, parameter , , , , Determine the parameters to be fitted; See Figure 4d Assuming the ice layer interface strength envelope is the fourth preset strength envelope, its characteristics are: there is a significant inflection point, and the inflection point appears in the middle and rear part of the envelope. The corresponding fitting formula (i.e., the third basic inflection point distribution model) is: (6); where, parameter , , , , Determine the parameters to be fitted.

[0036] To accurately obtain key envelope data and provide support for fitting the envelope, based on the assumptions of the above four strength envelope forms, tensile load values ​​are designed and selected in a targeted manner according to the envelope characteristics.

[0037] Based on the number of preset strength envelopes, all test data points are divided into corresponding groups, and the tensile load values ​​(i.e., the abscissa values ​​of each test data point) of the corresponding group are matched with the corresponding distribution density function based on the envelope characteristics of each preset strength envelope.

[0038] 1) If the current group of test data points matches the distribution model without inflection points, i.e., the fitting formula (3), then the maximum tensile adhesion strength (i.e., uniaxial tensile adhesion strength) is uniformly divided into N levels to obtain the tensile adhesion strength values ​​of each of the N test data points in the group, i.e., the abscissa values ​​of the N test data points, which means that the abscissa values ​​of the N test data points follow a uniform distribution. 2) If the current group of test data points matches the first basic inflection point distribution model mentioned above, i.e., the fitting formula (4), then the maximum tensile adhesion strength is divided into N levels based on the normal distribution function to obtain the tensile adhesion strength values ​​of each of the N test data points in the group, which means that the abscissa values ​​of the N test data points follow a normal distribution. 3) If the current group of test data points matches the second basic inflection point distribution model mentioned above, i.e., the fitting formula (5), then the maximum tensile adhesion strength is divided into N levels based on the Gamma distribution function to obtain the tensile adhesion strength values ​​of each of the N test data points in the group, which means that the abscissa values ​​of the N test data points follow a Gamma distribution. 4) If the current group of test data points matches the third basic inflection point distribution model mentioned above, i.e., the fitting formula (6), the maximum tensile adhesion strength is divided into N levels based on the Gamma distribution function, and the mirror values ​​of the tensile adhesion strength of each of the N test data points in the group are obtained. Then, the mirror values ​​of the tensile adhesion strength of the N test data points are mirrored with a preset axis of symmetry to obtain the tensile adhesion strength values ​​of the N test data points, i.e., the horizontal coordinates of the N test data points follow the Gamma mirror distribution. Wherein, the axis of symmetry is located at The midpoint of the x-axis of the maximum tensile adhesion strength in the coordinate system, and... The horizontal axis is perpendicular in the coordinate system.

[0039] For each test data point, the tensile adhesion strength value is used as the basic setting value for coupling loading of the corresponding test data point (correspondingly, the normal tensile force of each test data point can be determined). Then, starting from 0N, the shear tensile force is gradually increased until the ice layer separates from the interface of the test substrate, and the corresponding peak value of shear tensile force is obtained. This is repeated multiple times, and the average value of the peak value of shear tensile force is calculated. Then, the shear adhesion strength value of each test data point is further calculated, which is the ordinate of the test data point.

[0040] S104 connects all the data points to be measured, uniaxial shear adhesion strength, and uniaxial tensile adhesion strength to draw the initial envelope.

[0041] S105, calculate the similarity between the initial envelope and each of the above-mentioned hypothetical strength envelopes, and take the hypothetical strength envelope with the largest similarity as the adhesion strength envelope of the interface between the ice layer and the substrate to be tested for data fitting.

[0042] Example 2: This invention also provides another experimental design method for measuring the adhesion strength envelope of the ice layer and material interface, which includes the steps in Example 1 above, except that, see [link to example]. Figure 1b This embodiment does not group the measurements according to the four distribution models mentioned above. To reduce the experimental cycle and cost, the first set of data points with uniformly distributed abscissas is fitted using the inflection-free distribution model and the preset first inflection-free distribution model. The envelope feature type (i.e., whether there is an inflection point) is initially determined. If there is no inflection point, the inflection-free curve after data fitting using the inflection-free distribution model is used as the envelope to be tested. If there is an inflection point, the envelope feature in the preliminary fitting result is matched to the corresponding second inflection-free distribution model. The second set of data points with abscissas following a specific distribution (e.g., the density distribution function of the corresponding abscissa is matched according to the identified envelope feature type) is superimposed with the first set of data points to amplify the inflection point feature. Finally, data fitting is performed to obtain the envelope to be tested. Specifically, the method of this embodiment includes the following steps: S101, preparing the interface between the ice layer and the substrate to be tested. S102, obtaining the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength and uniaxial shear adhesion strength of the interface between the ice layer and the substrate to be tested.

[0043] S31, N first test data points with uniformly distributed abscissas are preset, and the abscissa and ordinate values ​​of the N first test data points are obtained through experiments. In some embodiments, the maximum tensile adhesion strength value (i.e., uniaxial tensile adhesion strength) is evenly divided into N equal parts to obtain N tensile adhesion strength values, which are also the abscissa values ​​of each first test data point; then the tensile adhesion strength value corresponding to each first test data point is used as the basic setting value for coupling loading of the corresponding first test data point (correspondingly, the normal tensile force of each test data point can be determined), and then the shear tensile force is gradually increased from 0N until the static ice separates from the interface of the test substrate to obtain the corresponding shear tensile force peak value. This is repeated many times and the average value is calculated. Then, the shear adhesion strength value of each first test data point is calculated according to the above formula (1), which is the ordinate of the test data point.

[0044] S33, data fitting is performed using both the inflection-free distribution model and the preset first inflection-point distribution model, and the type (or type of envelope characteristic) of the adhesion strength envelope between the target ice layer and the substrate material is determined based on the goodness of fit of the two distribution models; if it is an inflection-free envelope (for example, the goodness of fit of the inflection-free distribution model is greater than that of the first inflection-point distribution model), the inflection-free curve corresponding to the data-fitted inflection-free distribution model is taken as the adhesion strength envelope to be tested; if it is an inflection-point envelope (for example, the goodness of fit of the inflection-free distribution model is less than that of the first inflection-point distribution model), the inflection-free curve is taken as the adhesion strength envelope to be tested. (Fitness), and then preset N second test data points, and match the corresponding second inflection point distribution model and the distribution density function of the abscissa of the N second test data points according to the envelope feature type. Then, under the shear-tension coupling state, the abscissa and ordinate values ​​of the N second test data points are obtained by experiment. The second inflection point distribution model is used to fit all data points (N first test data points, N second test data points, uniaxial tensile adhesion strength and uniaxial shear adhesion strength) to obtain the test adhesion strength envelope.

[0045] In some embodiments, the first inflection point distribution model is: (7); where, parameter , , , , Determine the parameters to be fitted.

[0046] In some embodiments, the second inflection point distribution model is matched from three preset basic inflection point distribution models based on the envelope feature type in the distribution trend of the N first test data points. Specifically, after fitting the N first test data points using the first inflection point distribution model, the approximate distribution area of ​​the inflection point (i.e., the specific envelope feature type) can be preliminarily determined based on the fitting result or the distribution trend of the N first test data points. Then, based on this approximate distribution area, a basic inflection point distribution model with the same distribution area (e.g., the inflection point is located in the middle) is found from the three basic inflection point distribution models. Specifically, as mentioned above, the three basic inflection point distribution models correspond to the above fitting formulas (4), (5), and (6), respectively.

[0047] In some embodiments, under shear-tension coupling, the step of obtaining the abscissa and ordinate values ​​of N first test data points through experiments includes the following steps: uniformly dividing the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength into N levels to obtain the tensile adhesion strength values ​​of N first test data points, i.e., obtaining the preset abscissa values ​​of the N first test data points; for each first test data point, obtaining the average peak value of the tangential tensile force under the coupled tangential load state based on the tensile load corresponding to the corresponding abscissa value; calculating the shear adhesion strength of the first test data point based on the average peak value of the tangential tensile force, thereby obtaining the ordinate value of the first test data point.

[0048] In some embodiments, if the envelope features are different, the matching second inflection point distribution model is also different, and the distribution of the abscissas of the N second test data points is also different (that is, the distribution density function of the N second test data points is different), and the arrangement scheme of the tensile load loading value (that is, the abscissa value of each test data point, or abscissa) that needs to be set is also different: if the envelope features are that there is a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle of the envelope, then the matching or matched second inflection point distribution model is the fitting formula (4), and correspondingly, the abscissas of the N second test data points will follow a normal distribution. Therefore, the abscissa value of each second test data point can be calculated based on the normal distribution function (i.e., the distribution density function) and the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength, and then the tangential load is coupled on the basis of the abscissa value to obtain the peak value of the tangential tensile force, and the average value of the peak value of the tangential tensile force is obtained through multiple experiments; if the envelope features are that there is a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle front of the envelope, then the matching second inflection point distribution model is Fitting formula (5), correspondingly, the abscissas of the N second test data points will follow the Gamma distribution. Therefore, the abscissa value of each second test data point can be calculated based on the Gamma distribution function (i.e., the distribution density function) and the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength. Then, on the basis of the abscissa value, the tangential load is coupled to obtain the peak value of the tangential tensile force, and the average value of the peak value of the tangential tensile force is obtained through multiple experiments. If the envelope feature is that there is a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle and rear part of the envelope, then the second inflection point distribution model matched by it is the fitting formula (6). Correspondingly, the abscissas of the N second test data points will follow the Gamma mirror distribution. Therefore, the mirror abscissa value of each second test data point can be calculated based on the Gamma distribution function and the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength. Then, the abscissa value of the second test data point is obtained by mirroring with the preset symmetry axis. Then, on the basis of the abscissa value, the tangential load is coupled to obtain the peak value of the tangential tensile force, and the average value of the peak value of the tangential tensile force is obtained through multiple experiments.

[0049] The following detailed explanation is based on specific experimental examples: 1) After preparing the interface between static ice and the substrate material to be tested, the uniaxial shear adhesion strength and uniaxial tensile adhesion strength were obtained: Shear adhesion strength: 0.448 MPa; Tensile adhesion strength: 0.911 MPa; 2) Eight first predicted data points with uniformly distributed abscissas were set, and the shear adhesion strength data under tensile-shear coupled loading conditions were obtained experimentally, as shown in Table 1 below. Figure 9a .

[0050] Table 1 Shear Adhesion Strength under Tensile-Shear Coupling Loading Conditions 3) Based on the inflection point-free distribution model, i.e., the above fitting formula (1), the data is fitted to obtain: The corresponding goodness of fit is 0.96. See [reference needed]. Figure 9b ; 4) Based on the first inflection point distribution model, i.e., the above fitting formula (7), the data is fitted to obtain: The corresponding goodness of fit is 0.88. See [reference needed]. Figure 9c .

[0051] 5) Comparing the two fitting results, the predicted envelope feature of the adhesion strength envelope to be tested is that there is no inflection point. Therefore, the above fitting formula (1) is used to fit the data, that is, the fitting function obtained in 3) is used to characterize the adhesion strength envelope between static ice and the substrate to be tested.

[0052] Example 3: The experimental design method for measuring the adhesion strength envelope of ice on the material surface of the present invention is applied to measuring the adhesion strength envelope of dynamic ice and material interface.

[0053] See Figure 2a This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dynamic ice-material interface adhesion strength envelope measurement system, which is an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, the dynamic ice-material interface adhesion strength envelope measurement system includes: a support (i.e., a cooling platform 1) that can be placed in various icing environments; a test substrate cup holder 9 made of a substrate material (such as typical aircraft skin materials: aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, composite materials, etc., or vehicle shell materials, etc.); an air core 11 fixed on the support; a flexible carrier 17 (such as a plastic sheet); a tangential power source (such as a thrust gauge 13) and an airflow-type normal power source (such as a compressor 16) for applying tangential and normal tensile forces to the dynamic ice 43 formed on the test substrate cup holder 9, respectively; and a host computer for controlling the negative pressure device and each power source.

[0054] In some embodiments, the support 1 is provided with a first air passage that communicates with the air core; the cup holder 9 is detachably sleeved on the air core 11, and the cup holder 9 is provided with a second air passage that communicates with the air core 11 and passes through the top upper surface of the cup holder 9; the flexible carrier 17 covers the outlet of the second air passage.

[0055] In some embodiments, the cup holder 9 and the air core 11 are connected by threads. Specifically, an air core chamber is provided in the cup holder 9 near the bottom, and the inner wall of the air core chamber is provided with an internal thread that can mate with the external thread on the air core.

[0056] In some embodiments, a groove that mates with the flexible carrier 17 can be provided at the outlet of the second airway, and when the flexible carrier 17 is placed in the groove, the outer surface of the flexible carrier 17 away from the cup holder 9 is flush with the upper surface of the top of the cup holder 9.

[0057] In some embodiments, the tangential power source includes a thrust gauge 13. The thrust gauge's measuring rod can be controlled to contact the dynamic ice.

[0058] In some embodiments, the airflow-type normal power source includes: a negative pressure device (such as a vacuum pump 15), an airflow generating device (such as a compressor 16), and a third airway pipeline and a fourth airway pipeline. The negative pressure device is connected to the first airway pipeline through the third airway pipeline, and the airflow generating device is connected to the first airway pipeline through the fourth airway pipeline.

[0059] In some embodiments, the negative pressure device employs a vacuum pump, which evacuates the cup holder through the third air passage, the first air passage, and the air core, so that the flexible carrier is tightly attached to the circular groove on the upper surface of the cup holder of the base material. This prevents supercooled water droplets from freezing in the second air passage (and even the air core and the first air passage) inside the cup holder of the base material after the measuring device is placed in an icy environment.

[0060] In some embodiments, the airflow generating device employs a pneumatic compressor. After a dynamic ice layer 4b forms on the upper surface of the cup holder, the airflow pressure within the air passage is controlled by the pneumatic compressor, causing the airflow within the air passage to push the flexible carrier 17 outward, i.e., the dynamic ice layer is impacted by the airflow. Specifically, the airflow pressure can be gradually increased so that the flexible carrier 17 pushes the dynamic ice layer 4b to separate from the substrate material in the normal direction at the interface 43 under the impact of the airflow. When the thrust of the flexible carrier 17 on the ice layer interface increases to the critical value of the adhesion force, the dynamic ice layer 4b falls off, thereby achieving in-situ measurement of the tensile adhesion strength of the ice layer interface.

[0061] In some embodiments, the substrate material cup holder is a replaceable, standardized design, with different substrate materials used to prepare different substrate material cup holders. The internal thread of the substrate material cup holder is screwed to the external thread of the support air core to facilitate the measurement of the adhesion performance of different substrate materials to the dynamic ice interface.

[0062] In some embodiments, a circular groove is formed on the upper surface of the base material cup holder. A circular plastic sheet of equal thickness is placed in the circular groove. A vacuum pump is used to evacuate the cup holder so that the plastic sheet is tightly attached to the circular groove on the upper surface of the base material cup holder, thus preventing the freezing of overly cold water droplets in the air passage inside the base material cup holder from freezing.

[0063] In some embodiments, supercooled water droplets are applied through a small vertical icing wind tunnel to generate dynamic ice on the surface of the substrate material cup holder. The interface between the dynamic ice and the substrate material is the ice layer interface of the adhesion strength envelope to be measured. After the dynamic ice-substrate material interface is generated, the vacuum pump is turned off and the compressor is turned on. The airflow pressure inside the tube is controlled to push the plastic sheet outward. The airflow pressure inside the tube is gradually increased until, under the action of the airflow, the plastic sheet pushes the dynamic ice and the substrate material interface to separate normally, thereby realizing the determination of the in-situ adhesion tensile strength of the ice layer interface.

[0064] A thrust gauge is placed on one side of the dynamic ice, and the measuring rod of the thrust gauge is controlled to make contact with the dynamic ice. The lateral thrust is gradually increased to achieve tangential separation of the dynamic ice and the substrate material interface, thereby realizing the determination of the adhesion shear strength of the ice layer interface. By jointly controlling the lateral thrust of the thrust gauge and the pressure of the airflow inside the tube, the interface between the dynamic ice and the substrate material can be subjected to both tangential and normal forces simultaneously. The adhesion strength envelope and its expression are obtained by data fitting through the experimental design scheme in Example 1 or Example 2.

[0065] In some embodiments, the principle of measuring the interfacial normal tensile adhesion strength based on the above system is as follows: after generating the interface between dynamic ice and the substrate to be tested, the host computer controls the airflow-type normal power source to generate airflow to push the flexible carrier outward, so that the flexible carrier pushes the dynamic ice layer along the normal direction of the dynamic ice layer interface. By controlling the magnitude of the airflow generated by the airflow-type normal power source, the normal tensile force is gradually increased until the dynamic ice and the substrate to be tested separate at the interface, thereby realizing the measurement of the interfacial tensile adhesion strength of the ice layer.

[0066] In some embodiments, the principle of measuring the interfacial adhesion strength under shear-tensile coupled loading state based on the above system is as follows: After generating the interface between dynamic ice and the substrate to be tested, the host computer controls the airflow-type normal power source to generate airflow to push the flexible carrier outward, so that the flexible carrier pushes the dynamic ice layer along the normal direction of the interface to give the interface a certain amount of normal tension, i.e., normal tensile load. Then, based on this, the tangential tension (i.e., tangential load) is gradually increased by controlling the size of the airflow generated by the airflow-type normal power source until the dynamic ice and the substrate to be tested separate at the interface, thereby obtaining a test value of the interface stress under tensile-shear coupled state; according to the preset given experimental scheme (such as the experimental design scheme in the above embodiment 1 or embodiment 2), the given normal tension (i.e., normal tensile load) is gradually increased, and the above steps are repeated to obtain multiple test values ​​of interface stress under tensile-shear coupled state, thus completing the measurement of the envelope of the interfacial adhesion strength between dynamic ice and the substrate to be tested.

[0067] Based on the above-described dynamic ice-material interface adhesion strength envelope measurement system, the dynamic ice-material interface adhesion strength envelope is measured using the measurement experiment design method of Example 2.

[0068] The method for measuring the dynamic ice-material interface adhesion strength envelope in this embodiment includes the following steps: S1, preparing the interface between dynamic ice and the substrate to be tested.

[0069] S2, respectively obtain the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength and uniaxial shear adhesion strength of the interface between dynamic ice and the substrate to be tested.

[0070] In some embodiments, when preparing the interface between dynamic ice and the substrate to be tested, a vacuum pump is first used to evacuate the plastic sheet to seal it tightly to the circular groove on the upper surface of the substrate material cup holder. Then, supercooled water droplets are applied through a small vertical icing wind tunnel to generate dynamic ice on the surface of the substrate material cup holder, thereby obtaining the interface between dynamic ice and the substrate material.

[0071] When obtaining the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength and uniaxial shear adhesion strength of the interface between dynamic ice and the substrate, the ice layer interface is stretched or sheared off by airflow inside the tube of the substrate material cup holder or by a thrust gauge. The corresponding sensor load peak value is recorded. The above steps are repeated 3-5 times, and the average value of the load peak value is taken.

[0072] Subsequently, Plot the uniaxial shear adhesion strength of the corresponding data points in the coordinate system Uniaxial tensile adhesion strength ,like Figure 3 As shown.

[0073] Data fitting is usually performed based on the above formula (3), which actually assumes that the adhesion strength envelope of the ice-substrate interface follows a distribution without inflection points. However, there is currently no clear envelope shape or functional form for the ice-substrate interface adhesion strength envelope, nor has there been any corresponding report. Therefore, simply using the above single distribution model for data fitting may not actually yield the true adhesion strength envelope of the ice-substrate interface, or the obtained strength envelope may have low accuracy.

[0074] Based on this, in this embodiment, considering various strength envelopes with different envelope characteristics, a corresponding shear-tensile load loading experimental design scheme is designed to perform envelope measurement.

[0075] S3, preset N first test data points whose horizontal coordinates follow a uniform distribution, and obtain the horizontal and vertical coordinate values ​​of the N first test data points under shear-stretch coupling state through experiments.

[0076] S4. Data is fitted using a preset inflection point-free distribution model and a preset first inflection point distribution model. The goodness of fit of the two distribution models is used to determine the envelope feature type of the adhesion strength envelope between dynamic ice and substrate material. If there is no inflection point, the curve corresponding to the inflection point-free distribution model obtained after data fitting is used as the adhesion strength envelope to be tested. If there is an inflection point, N second test data points are set again, and the corresponding second inflection point distribution model and the distribution density function of the abscissa are matched to the N second test data points according to the envelope feature type. Then, the adhesion strength envelope experiment between dynamic ice and substrate is carried out under shear-tension coupling state to obtain the abscissa and ordinate values ​​of each second test data point, and step S5 is executed.

[0077] In some embodiments, the distribution model without inflection point is the above-mentioned fitting formula (3); the distribution model with first inflection point is the above-mentioned fitting formula (7).

[0078] As mentioned above, since the envelope characteristics of the test envelope are not known in advance, we first assume that its envelope characteristics have an inflection point, and construct the above formula (7) to fit the N first test data points and the uniaxial shear adhesion strength and uniaxial tensile adhesion strength. Then, the fitting result is compared with the fitting result of the distribution model without inflection point, so as to preliminarily determine the envelope characteristics of the test envelope, and then plan the next experimental design.

[0079] S5. Using the second inflection point distribution model, the data of 2N second test data points with preset abscissas following a specific distribution density function, uniaxial shear adhesion strength, and uniaxial tensile adhesion strength are fitted to obtain the test adhesion strength envelope between dynamic ice and the test substrate.

[0080] In some embodiments, if the envelope characteristics are different, the distribution model of the second inflection point matched for it will also be different. Accordingly, the distribution of the abscissas of the N second test data points will also be different, and the arrangement of the tensile load values ​​(i.e., the abscissa values ​​of each test data point) that need to be set will also be different: If the envelope feature has a significant inflection point and the inflection point is located in the middle of the envelope, then the matching second inflection point distribution model is the fitting formula (4). Correspondingly, the abscissas of the N second test data points follow a normal distribution. Therefore, the abscissa value of each second test data point can be determined based on the normal distribution function. Then, on this basis, multiple coupling experiments (i.e., coupling tangential load) are carried out to obtain the mean value of the peak tangential tension of the second test data point and to calculate the ordinate of the second test data point. If the envelope feature has a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle and front part of the envelope, then the second inflection point distribution model matched for it is the fitting formula (5). Correspondingly, the abscissa of the N second test data points follows the Gamma distribution. Therefore, the abscissa value of each second test data point can be determined based on the Gamma distribution function. Then, on this basis, multiple coupling experiments (i.e., coupling tangential load) are carried out to obtain the mean value of the peak tangential tension of the second test data point, and the ordinate of the second test data point is calculated. If the envelope feature has a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle and rear part of the envelope, then the second inflection point distribution model matched for it is the fitting formula (6). Correspondingly, the abscissas of the N second test data points follow the Gamma mirror distribution. Therefore, the mirror abscissa value of each second test data point can be determined based on the Gamma distribution function, and then the mirror processing is performed to obtain the abscissa value. On this basis, multiple coupling experiments (i.e. coupling tangential load) are performed to obtain the mean value of the peak tangential tension of the second test data point, and the ordinate of the second test data point is calculated.

[0081] Of course, different interface areas, different sizes, and different ice-making environments will all affect the shape of the final envelope. Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to explore an experimental design scheme for the adhesion strength envelope between the ice layer and the substrate under test, without knowing the shape of the envelope. For example, by setting a first set of data points with uniformly distributed abscissas, a preliminary prediction of the envelope feature type can be made. Then, based on the preliminary prediction results, a decision can be made on whether to set a second set of data points and the distribution of the abscissas of the second set of data points, thereby amplifying the envelope features to more accurately obtain the position of the inflection point. Compared with the traditional envelope experiment assuming a single distribution model, the obtained envelope is more consistent with the characteristics of the ice layer.

[0082] Of course, in other embodiments, for scenarios where the measurement accuracy of the envelope is very high, the test data points can also be grouped according to the above four preset strength envelopes. That is, the predetermined test data points are divided into four groups, and the following four tensile load values ​​(i.e., the horizontal axis values ​​or horizontal coordinates of each test data point) are set respectively: Based on the envelope characteristics of the first preset strength envelope, a corresponding uniform distribution model is matched to the abscissa of each data point in the first group of test data points, and the abscissa (i.e., the tensile adhesion strength value) of each data point is calculated according to the uniform distribution model. For example, the maximum tensile adhesion strength value of the ice layer is divided by 10 to obtain the tolerance, and the values ​​are increased stepwise from 0 to form an arithmetic sequence. This sequence is used as the test point value of the ice layer tensile adhesion strength, thereby obtaining the tensile adhesion strength value of each data point in the first group of test data points, that is, determining the value of each data point on the abscissa. Then, each tensile adhesion strength value is used as the basic setting value for coupling loading of the corresponding data point (correspondingly, the normal tensile force corresponding to each data point can be determined). Then, starting from 0N, the shear tensile force is gradually increased until the static ice separates from the interface of the substrate, obtaining the corresponding peak value of the shear tensile force. This is repeated multiple times, and the average value is calculated to obtain the shear adhesion strength value of each data point, that is, the ordinate of the data point.

[0083] In some embodiments, according to the experimental design, the value of each data point on the horizontal axis is obtained (see [reference]). Figure 5 Therefore, it can be seen that the abscissa of each data point in the first set of test data points will be evenly distributed in each region of the envelope of the adhesion strength to be tested.

[0084] Based on the envelope characteristics of the second preset strength envelope, the abscissa of each test data point in the second set of test data points is matched with the corresponding normal distribution model, and the abscissa of each test data point in the second set of test data points (i.e., the tensile adhesion strength value) is determined based on the normal distribution function. For example, based on the maximum tensile adhesion strength of the ice layer and the normal distribution function, the tensile adhesion strength values ​​of 10 test data points are calculated, which determines the abscissa of each test data point. It can be seen that the number / density of test data points around the inflection point (i.e., the inflection point in the envelope when the test envelope is similar to the second preset strength envelope) is relatively large. Then, each tensile adhesion strength value is used as the basic setting value for coupling loading of the corresponding test data point (correspondingly, the normal tensile force of each test data point can be determined). Then, starting from 0N, the shear tensile force is gradually increased until the static ice separates from the interface of the test substrate, and the corresponding peak shear tensile force is obtained. This is repeated many times, and the mean is calculated to obtain the shear adhesion strength value of each test data point, i.e., the ordinate of the test data point, so as to draw the second set of test data point distribution map.

[0085] In some embodiments, according to the experimental design, the values ​​of each data point on the horizontal axis in the second set of data are obtained (see [reference]). Figure 6 Therefore, it can be seen that the data points in the second set of test data points will be concentrated in the middle region of the adhesion strength envelope to be tested.

[0086] 3) Based on the envelope characteristics of the third preset strength envelope, the corresponding Gamma distribution model is matched to the abscissa of each test data point in the third group of test data points, and the abscissa of each test data point in the third group of test data points (i.e., the tensile adhesion strength value) is determined based on the Gamma distribution function. For example, based on the maximum tensile adhesion strength of the ice layer and the Gamma function, the tensile adhesion strength values ​​of 10 test data points are calculated, which determines the abscissa of each test data point. It can be seen that the number / density of test data points around the inflection point (i.e., the inflection point in the envelope when the test envelope is closest to the third preset strength envelope) is relatively large. Then, each tensile adhesion strength value is used as the basic setting value for coupling loading of the corresponding test data point (correspondingly, the normal tensile force of each test data point can be determined). Then, starting from 0N, the shear tensile force is gradually increased until the static ice separates from the interface of the test substrate, and the corresponding peak shear tensile force is obtained. This is repeated many times, and the mean is calculated to obtain the shear adhesion strength value of each test data point, which is the ordinate of the test data point, and thus the distribution map of the third set of test data points is drawn.

[0087] In some embodiments, according to the experimental design, the values ​​of each data point on the horizontal axis in the third data set are obtained (see [reference]). Figure 7 Therefore, it can be seen that the data points in the third group will be concentrated in the front-middle region of the adhesion strength envelope to be tested.

[0088] 4) Based on the envelope characteristics of the fourth preset strength envelope, the corresponding Gamma distribution model is matched to the abscissa of each test data point in the fourth group of test data points. Based on the Gamma distribution function, the mirror abscissa of each test data point in the fourth group of test data points (i.e., the tensile adhesion strength value) is determined, and the mirror processing is performed to obtain the abscissa of the fourth group of test data points. For example, based on the maximum tensile adhesion strength of the ice layer and the Gamma function, the tensile adhesion strength values ​​of 10 test data points are calculated. A symmetry axis perpendicular to the horizontal axis is set at the origin and the midpoint of the horizontal axis of the maximum tensile adhesion strength of the ice layer. Then, the Gamma distribution is mirrored along this symmetry axis to obtain the tensile adhesion strength value of each test data point in the fourth set of test data points, which is to determine the horizontal axis of each test data point. Then, each tensile adhesion strength value is used as the basic setting value for coupling loading of the corresponding test data point (correspondingly, the normal tensile force of each test data point can be determined). Then, starting from 0N, the shear tensile force is gradually increased until the static ice separates from the interface of the test substrate, and the corresponding peak value of the shear tensile force is obtained. This is repeated multiple times, and the mean is calculated to obtain the shear adhesion strength value of each test data point, which is the vertical axis of the test data point, thus drawing the distribution map of the fourth set of test data points.

[0089] In some embodiments, according to the experimental design, the values ​​of each data point on the horizontal axis in the fourth data group are obtained (see [reference]). Figure 8 Therefore, it can be seen that the data points in the third group will be concentrated in the middle and rear regions of the adhesion strength envelope to be tested.

[0090] When all the obtained data points are plotted on a function graph, a total of 42 data points are obtained (including two data points on the horizontal and vertical axes, and the uniaxial shear adhesion strength). (Uniaxial tensile adhesion strength). Connect the 42 data points to form a curve, and calculate the similarity between this curve and the four hypothetical distribution curves mentioned above. Determine whether the similarity is greater than or equal to a preset threshold (specifically, this similarity can be obtained through image processing on a host computer). If so, the hypothetical strength envelope with the highest similarity among those exceeding the preset threshold is taken as the adhesion strength envelope between the static ice and the substrate under test; otherwise, the adhesion strength envelope obtained by data fitting based on the 42 data points is taken as the adhesion strength envelope between the static ice and the substrate under test. Preferably, the above similarity is a probability of similarity, and correspondingly, the preset threshold is 90%.

[0091] The distribution trends of the final predicted data points are almost identical or similar to those obtained by the static ice-to-substrate adhesion strength envelope measurement method, and will not be elaborated further here. Of course, although the trends are almost identical or similar, it is understandable that the specific values ​​of each data point are different from those obtained by the dynamic ice-to-substrate adhesion strength envelope measurement method.

[0092] Example 4: In some other embodiments, the above-described method of the present invention can also be used to measure the adhesion strength envelope of the static ice layer to the material interface.

[0093] See Figures 2b-2d The static ice-material interface adhesion strength envelope measurement system includes: a cooling platform 1, an ice-making mold 2, a fixing mechanism (preferably a clamp) for fixing the substrate 3 to be tested on the cooling platform 1, a tangential actuator and a normal actuator for applying tangential tensile force and normal tensile force respectively to the static ice 4 formed on the substrate 3 to be tested, force sensors 5 respectively installed on the tangential actuator and the normal actuator, and a host computer for data communication with the force sensors.

[0094] In some embodiments, the ice-making mold 2 includes a hollow cavity 21 with openings at the top and bottom, and a sealing cap 22 detachably mounted on the top of the hollow cavity 21.

[0095] In some embodiments, the hollow cavity 21 is cylindrical, and a groove 23 for fitting the traction rope in the tangential actuator is provided around its central part in the circumferential direction; the top of the sealing cover 22 is provided with an arc-shaped handle 24 for connecting the traction rope in the normal actuator. Preferably, the sealing cover and the hollow cavity 21 are connected by threads.

[0096] In some embodiments, the tangential actuator includes a traction rope 71 that engages with the slot 23, and a power source for applying tangential tension (or shear load) to the ice-making mold via the traction rope. Preferably, the power source is a motor or a hand-cranked pulley 72. One end of the traction rope is fitted into the slot 23, and the other end is connected to the shaft of the motor or the shaft of the hand-cranked pulley; and a force sensor 5 is provided on the traction rope 71. By providing a circumferential slot in the middle of the hollow cavity 21, the traction rope 71 is made to wrap around the hollow cavity 21, preventing slippage between the traction rope 71 and its outer wall surface when tangential tension is applied.

[0097] In some embodiments, a fixing clamp 10 is used to fix the substrate 3 to be tested on the cooling platform 1 to limit the relative slippage between the substrate 3 to be tested and the cooling platform 1 caused by the normal tensile force / tangential tensile force during the measurement process.

[0098] In some embodiments, the normal actuator includes: a traction rope 71 cooperating with the arc-shaped handle 24, a fixed pulley 73 located directly above the ice-making mold (specifically, the fixed pulley 73 is fixed directly above the ice-making mold by a support frame), and a power source for applying a normal tensile force (or normal load) to the ice-making mold via the traction rope. Preferably, the power source is a motor or a hand-cranked pulley 72. One end of the traction rope is fixed to the arc-shaped handle 24, and the other end is connected to the shaft of the motor or the shaft of the hand-cranked pulley; and a force sensor 5 is provided on the traction rope 71.

[0099] In some embodiments, the hollow cavity, sealing cap, and test substrate described above are replaceable and standardized designs. For example, different test substrates can be prepared using different substrate materials, and the opening diameter at the bottom of the hollow cavity can be designed to measure the ice interface adhesion performance under different contact areas and different substrate materials between the ice layer and the test substrate.

[0100] In some embodiments, an ice-making mold is placed on the substrate to be tested, the sealing cap is opened and an appropriate amount of water is added into the hollow cavity, then the sealing cap is tightened, and the water is cooled by a cooling platform to freeze, forming a static ice interface with the substrate to be tested.

[0101] In some embodiments, the principle of measuring the interface normal tensile adhesion strength based on the above system is as follows: after generating the interface between static ice and the substrate to be tested, tighten the normal traction rope, do not set or loosen the tangential traction rope, gradually increase the normal tension until the ice mold and the substrate to be tested separate at the interface, thereby realizing the measurement of the interface tensile adhesion strength of the ice layer.

[0102] In some embodiments, the principle of measuring the interfacial tangential tensile adhesion strength based on the above system is as follows: after the static ice and the substrate to be tested interface are generated, the tangential traction rope is tightened, the normal traction rope is not set or is loosened, and the tangential tension is gradually increased until the ice mold and the substrate to be tested separate at the interface, thereby realizing the measurement of the ice layer interfacial shear adhesion strength.

[0103] In some embodiments, the principle of measuring the interfacial adhesion strength under shear-tensile coupled loading state based on the above system is as follows: After generating the interface between static ice and the substrate to be tested, the normal traction rope is tightened to give the interface a certain amount of normal tension, i.e., normal tensile load. Then, based on this, the tangential tension (i.e., tangential load) is gradually increased until the ice mold and the substrate to be tested separate at the interface, thereby obtaining a test value of the interfacial stress under tensile-shear coupled state. According to the preset experimental design scheme (such as the experimental design method of Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2 above), the magnitude of the given normal tension (i.e., normal tensile load) is gradually increased, and the above steps are repeated to obtain multiple test values ​​of interfacial stress under tensile-shear coupled state, thus completing the measurement of the envelope of the interfacial adhesion strength between static ice and the substrate to be tested.

[0104] Specifically, the method for measuring the adhesion strength envelope of static ice-material interface includes the following steps: S1, Prepare the interface between static ice and the substrate to be tested.

[0105] In some embodiments, step S1 specifically includes: selecting a substrate material to be tested and manufacturing a corresponding substrate (or plate to be tested) according to the corresponding dimensions; then fixing the substrate to be tested on the cooling platform using a fixing clamp, so that the substrate to be tested and the cooling platform are connected as one unit; placing an ice-making mold on the surface of the substrate to be tested, adding an appropriate amount of water to the ice-making mold, tightening the sealing cap, inserting a tangential traction rope into the slot, and inserting a normal traction rope into the apex of the arc-shaped handle; cooling the water through the cooling platform to freeze it, forming a static ice adhesion interface with the substrate to be tested.

[0106] S2, respectively obtain the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength and uniaxial shear adhesion strength of the interface between static ice and the substrate to be tested.

[0107] In some embodiments, step S2 specifically includes: using a motor or hand-cranked pulley to drive a tangential traction rope to shear off the interface, recording the peak value of the tangential load on the stress sensor (i.e., the peak value of the tangential tensile force), repeating the above steps 3-5 times, and calculating the average value of the tangential load peak values ​​measured 3-5 times; then, calculating the maximum uniaxial shear adhesion strength according to the above formula (1). Using a motor or hand-cranked pulley to drive the normal traction rope, the interface is stretched and detached. The peak value of the normal load on the stress sensor (i.e., the peak value of the normal tensile force) is recorded. The above steps are repeated 3-5 times, and the average value of the peak normal load measured in 3-5 times is calculated. Then, the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength is calculated according to the above formula (2). Subsequently, Plot the uniaxial shear adhesion strength of the corresponding data points in the coordinate system Uniaxial tensile adhesion strength ,like Figure 3 As shown.

[0108] S3, preset N first test data points whose horizontal coordinates follow a uniform distribution, and obtain the horizontal and vertical coordinate values ​​of the N first test data points under shear-stretch coupling state through experiments.

[0109] S4, data is fitted using a preset inflection point-free distribution model and a preset first inflection point distribution model, and the type of the adhesion strength envelope between the target ice layer and the substrate material is determined based on the goodness of fit of the two distribution models; if it is inflection point-free, the inflection point-free curve corresponding to the inflection point-free distribution model after data fitting is taken as the adhesion strength envelope to be tested; if it is an envelope with an inflection point, N second test data points are set again, and under shear-tension coupling, a dynamic ice-substrate interface adhesion strength envelope experiment is conducted according to the matched second inflection point distribution model and the abscissa density distribution function, and step S5 is executed.

[0110] In some embodiments, the distribution model without inflection point is the above formula (3); the first inflection point distribution model adopts the above formula (7), which will not be repeated here.

[0111] S5. Using the second inflection point distribution model, the data of 2N test data points and the pre-obtained uniaxial shear adhesion strength and uniaxial tensile adhesion strength are fitted to obtain the test adhesion strength envelope between dynamic ice and the test substrate.

[0112] In some embodiments, since the envelope feature types in the data fitting results based on the first inflection point distribution model in step S4 are different, the matched second inflection point distribution models are also different. Correspondingly, the abscissa distribution of the N second test data points is also different. Therefore, the arrangement scheme of the tensile load loading values ​​(i.e., the abscissa values ​​of each test data point) that need to be set is also different: If the envelope feature type is: there is a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle of the envelope, then the matching second inflection point distribution model is the fitting formula (4), and the abscissas of the N second test data points will follow a normal distribution; if the envelope feature type is: there is a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle-front part of the envelope, then the matching second inflection point distribution model is the above fitting formula (5), and the abscissas of the N second test data points will follow a Gamma distribution; if the envelope feature type is: there is a significant inflection point, and the inflection point appears in the middle-rear part of the envelope, then the matching second inflection point distribution model is the above fitting formula (6), and the abscissas of the N second test data points will follow a Gamma mirror distribution. For example, once the second inflection point distribution model is matched according to the envelope feature type, the corresponding number of experiments is set to 8, and accordingly: 1) If the abscissa (i.e., tensile adhesion strength value) of the 8 second test data points is determined based on the normal distribution function: the tensile adhesion strength value of the 8 second test data points is calculated based on the maximum tensile adhesion strength value of the ice layer and the normal distribution function; 2) If the abscissa (i.e., tensile adhesion strength value) of the 8 second test data points is determined based on the Gamma distribution function: the tensile adhesion strength value of the 8 second test data points is calculated based on the maximum tensile adhesion strength value of the ice layer and the Gamma distribution function; 3) If the abscissa (i.e., tensile adhesion strength value) of the 8 second test data points is determined based on the Gamma mirror distribution function: the mirror tensile adhesion strength value of the 8 second test data points is calculated based on the maximum tensile adhesion strength value of the ice layer and the Gamma distribution function, and then mirrored to obtain the tensile adhesion strength value of the 8 second test data points.

[0113] S6. Using the second inflection point distribution model described above, the data of 2N test data points, uniaxial shear adhesion strength, and uniaxial tensile adhesion strength are fitted to obtain the test envelope.

[0114] Of course, in other embodiments, for some scenarios where the measurement accuracy of the envelope is very high, the test data points can also be grouped according to the above four preset strength envelopes. That is, the predetermined test data points are divided into four groups, and the following four tensile load values ​​(i.e., the horizontal axis values ​​or horizontal coordinates of each test data point) are set respectively. The specific arrangement method is as described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0115] Of course, different interface areas, different sizes, and different ice-making environments will all affect the shape of the final envelope. Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to explore an experimental direction for the adhesion strength envelope between static ice and the substrate under test, without knowing the shape of the envelope. For example, by amplifying some features of a known distribution model, the optimal hypothetical envelope can be matched. Compared with the traditional envelope experiment based on a single hypothetical envelope, the obtained envelope accuracy is higher.

[0116] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims. All of these forms are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for obtaining the adhesion strength envelope of the interface between dynamic ice and a substrate under test, characterized in that, A dynamic ice-material interface adhesion strength envelope measurement system is provided, comprising: a cooling platform that can be placed in various icing environments; a substrate cup holder made of a substrate material; an air core fixed on the cooling platform; a tangential power source and an airflow-type normal power source for applying tangential tensile force and normal tensile force respectively to the dynamic ice formed on the substrate cup holder; wherein, a first air duct connected to the air core is provided within the cooling platform; the substrate cup holder is detachably fitted onto the air core, and a [missing information - likely a device or mechanism] is provided within the substrate cup holder... The air core is connected to and penetrates the upper surface of the top of the cup holder of the substrate under test. A flexible carrier is provided at the top opening of the second air channel. The airflow-type normal power source includes: a negative pressure device, an airflow generating device, and a third air channel and a fourth air channel. The negative pressure device is connected to the first air channel through the third air channel, and the airflow generating device is connected to the first air channel through the fourth air channel. The tangential power source includes a thrust meter. A host computer communicates with the negative pressure device in the tangential power source and the airflow-type normal power source. Accordingly, the method for obtaining the adhesion strength envelope of the dynamic ice layer and the substrate under test specifically includes the following steps: The host computer controls the negative pressure device to create a vacuum, so that the flexible carrier is tightly sealed to the outlet of the second air passage on the upper surface of the cup seat of the base material. The measurement system is placed in a vertical icing wind tunnel, and the substrate cup holder to be tested is located in the direction of the incoming flow in the vertical icing wind tunnel, so that supercooled water droplets / water vapor in the icing environment generate a dynamic ice layer on the upper surface of the substrate cup holder to be tested. The host computer controls the airflow-type normal power source to generate airflow, and pushes the flexible carrier outward by gradually increasing the airflow pressure. This causes the flexible carrier to push the dynamic ice layer along the normal direction of the dynamic ice layer interface, thereby generating a normal tensile force at the dynamic ice layer interface. When the thrust of the flexible carrier on the ice layer interface increases to the critical value of the adhesion force, causing the dynamic ice layer to detach from the upper surface of the cup holder, the tensile adhesion strength of the interface is calculated based on the current airflow pressure of the airflow-type normal power source. This process is repeated 3-5 times, and the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength is calculated based on the normal tensile force obtained from multiple measurements when the dynamic ice layer detaches. The host computer controls the force measuring rod of the thrust gauge to contact the dynamic ice layer, and the dynamic ice layer and the substrate material interface are tangentially separated by gradually increasing the lateral thrust. The corresponding sensor load peak value is recorded. This process is repeated 3-5 times. The average value of the load peak value when the dynamic ice layer detaches from the measurement is taken as the uniaxial shear adhesion strength. N first test data points with uniformly distributed abscissas are preset, and the abscissa and ordinate values ​​of the N first test data points are obtained through experiments under shear-tension coupling state. Data is fitted using a preset distribution model without inflection points and a preset distribution model with a first inflection point, and the envelope feature type of the adhesion strength envelope between the dynamic ice and the substrate material is determined based on the goodness of fit of the two distribution models. If it is an envelope without inflection points, the inflection point-free curve corresponding to the inflection point-free distribution model after data fitting is taken as the envelope of the adhesion strength between the substrate to be tested and the dynamic ice to be tested. If the envelope has an inflection point, N second test data points are set again, and the corresponding second inflection point distribution model and distribution density function of the abscissa are matched for the N second test data points according to the envelope feature type. Then, the abscissa and ordinate values ​​of the N second test data points are obtained experimentally under shear-stretch coupling. The second inflection point distribution model is matched from three preset basic inflection point distribution models according to the envelope feature type. The envelope feature type includes: there is a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle of the envelope; or, there is a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the front middle part of the envelope; or, there is a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the rear middle part of the envelope. The second inflection point distribution model is used to fit the 2N test data points and the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength and uniaxial shear adhesion strength to obtain the adhesion strength envelope between the dynamic ice and the substrate.

2. The method for obtaining the adhesion strength envelope of the interface between dynamic ice and the substrate under test according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for experimentally obtaining the x-coordinate and y-coordinate values ​​of N second test data points under shear-tension coupling conditions specifically include: The abscissa value of each second test data point is calculated based on the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength and the distribution density function. For each of the second test data points, the average peak value of the tangential tensile force under the coupled tangential load state based on the tensile load corresponding to the horizontal coordinate value is obtained through experiments; The shear adhesion strength of the second test data point is calculated based on the average peak value of the tangential tensile force, thereby obtaining the ordinate value of the second test data point.

3. The method for obtaining the adhesion strength envelope of the interface between dynamic ice and the substrate under test according to claim 2, characterized in that, The steps for obtaining the x-coordinate and y-coordinate values ​​of N first test data points through experiments include: The maximum tensile adhesion strength value is evenly divided into N levels to obtain the tensile adhesion strength values ​​of N first test data points, which are then used as the abscissa values ​​of the N first test data points. For each of the first test data points, the average peak value of the tangential tensile force under the coupled tangential load state based on the tensile load corresponding to the horizontal coordinate value is obtained through experiments; The shear adhesion strength of the first test data point is calculated based on the average peak value of the tangential tensile force, thereby obtaining the ordinate value of the first test data point.

4. The method for obtaining the adhesion strength envelope of the interface between dynamic ice and the substrate under test according to claim 2, characterized in that, The steps for calculating the abscissa value of each second test data point based on the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength and the distribution density function specifically include: If the envelope feature has a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle of the envelope, and the abscissa of the N second test data points follows a normal distribution, the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength is divided into N levels based on the normal distribution function to obtain the tensile adhesion strength values ​​of the N second test data points. If the envelope feature has a significant inflection point, and the inflection point occurs in the middle and front part of the envelope, the abscissa of the N second test data points follows a Gamma distribution. Based on the Gamma distribution function, the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength is divided into N levels to obtain the tensile adhesion strength values ​​of the N second test data points. If the envelope feature has a significant inflection point, and the inflection point occurs in the middle and rear part of the envelope, and the abscissa of the N second test data points follows a Gamma mirror distribution, the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength is divided into N levels based on the Gamma distribution function to obtain the tensile adhesion strength mirror values ​​of the N second test data points. Then, the tensile adhesion strength mirror values ​​of the N second test data points are mirrored with a preset axis of symmetry to obtain the tensile adhesion strength values ​​of the N second test data points.

5. The method for obtaining the adhesion strength envelope of the interface between dynamic ice and the substrate under test according to claim 4, characterized in that, The axis of symmetry is located at The x-axis value in the coordinate system ranges from 0 to the midpoint between the maximum uniaxial tensile adhesion strength, and is consistent with... The horizontal axis is vertical in the coordinate system.

6. The method for obtaining the adhesion strength envelope of the interface between dynamic ice and the substrate under test according to claim 4, characterized in that, For each of the second test data points, the step of experimentally obtaining the average peak value of the tangential tensile force under the coupled tangential load state based on the tensile load corresponding to the horizontal coordinate value specifically includes: For the first second test data point, based on the tensile load corresponding to the horizontal coordinate value, the normal tensile force is applied to the normal tensile force value corresponding to the first level of tensile adhesion strength, and then the tangential load is applied until the dynamic ice and the test substrate separate at the interface; the peak value of the shear tensile force collected by the stress sensor is obtained; this is repeated multiple times, and the average value of the peak value of the tangential tensile force is calculated; For the second second test data point, based on the tensile load corresponding to the horizontal coordinate value, the normal tensile force is applied to the normal tensile force value corresponding to the second level of tensile adhesion strength, and then the tangential load is applied until the dynamic ice and the test substrate separate at the interface, and the peak value of the shear tensile force collected by the stress sensor is obtained; this is repeated multiple times, and the average value of the peak value of the tangential tensile force is calculated; This process is repeated N times until the average peak value of the tangential tensile force at the Nth second test data point is obtained.

7. The method for obtaining the adhesion strength envelope of the interface between dynamic ice and the substrate under test according to claim 6, characterized in that, The fitting formula for the distribution model at the first inflection point is: ； If the envelope feature has a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle of the envelope, the fitting formula for the corresponding second inflection point distribution model is: ; or, If the envelope feature has a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle to front part of the envelope, the fitting formula for the corresponding second inflection point distribution model is: ; or, If the envelope feature has a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle to rear part of the envelope, the fitting formula for the corresponding second inflection point distribution model is: ; in, For interfacial shear stress, For interfacial tensile stress, These are the fitting parameters to be solved.

8. The method for obtaining the adhesion strength envelope of the interface between dynamic ice and the substrate under test according to claim 1, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength is as follows: ;in, S is the area of ​​the upper surface of the cup holder; p is the airflow pressure generated by the airflow generating device when the dynamic ice layer falls off; s′ is the area of ​​the airflow generated by the airflow generating device acting on the flexible carrier; or, The uniaxial tensile adhesion strength is: ; Where S is the area of ​​the upper surface of the cup holder; p is the airflow pressure generated by the airflow generating device when the dynamic ice layer falls off; s′ is the area of ​​the airflow generated by the airflow generating device acting on the flexible carrier; M is the number of measurements, M>1.

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