Carbon neutral data real-time transmission system based on beidou satellite

Abstract

The application discloses a carbon neutralization data real-time transmission system based on Beidou satellites, and belongs to the technical field of data transmission. The system comprises a data acquisition module, a node reconstruction module, a data identification module, a packet splitting and packet assembling module and a transmission optimization module. The data acquisition module acquires transmission path data and carbon neutralization data based on Beidou satellites. The node reconstruction module identifies the load heat of transmission nodes and performs partition reconstruction and label allocation. The data identification module predicts a transmission period and identifies a transmission type. The packet splitting and packet assembling module formulates a packet splitting protocol according to the transmission capacity of Beidou, splits data and adds a packet header. The transmission optimization module plans an optimization scheme in combination with the transmission type, time, node heat label and data packet information. The packet splitting and packet assembling module completes packet assembling at a receiving end. The application improves the real-time performance, reliability and efficiency of carbon neutralization data transmission, realizes node load balancing and meets the data transmission requirements of carbon neutralization monitoring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of data transmission technology, specifically a real-time carbon neutrality data transmission system based on the BeiDou satellite system. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing severity of global climate change, carbon neutrality has become a focal point. Achieving carbon neutrality requires precise monitoring and real-time transmission of data on carbon emissions and carbon absorption. However, existing data transmission systems suffer from signal instability, large transmission delays, and difficulties in ensuring data integrity in remote areas or complex environments. The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, with its accurate positioning, wide coverage, and strong communication capabilities, offers a potential solution to these problems. However, current BeiDou-based carbon neutrality data transmission systems still suffer from low transmission efficiency, uneven node load, and unreasonable data packetization, affecting the real-time performance and reliability of carbon neutrality data. Therefore, it is necessary to design a real-time carbon neutrality data transmission system based on the BeiDou satellite to improve data transmission efficiency and reliability, meeting the needs of carbon neutrality monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention proposes a real-time carbon neutrality data transmission system based on the BeiDou satellite system. This system includes a data acquisition module, a node reconstruction module, a data identification module, a packet assembly module, and a transmission optimization module. The data acquisition module acquires transmission path data and carbon neutrality data based on the BeiDou satellite system. The node reconstruction module identifies the load intensity of transmission nodes and performs partition reconstruction and tag allocation. The data identification module predicts the transmission cycle and identifies the transmission type. The packet assembly module formulates a packetization protocol based on the BeiDou transmission capability, segments the data, and adds packet headers. The transmission optimization module plans an optimization scheme based on the transmission type, time, node heat tags, and data packet information. The packet assembly module completes packet assembly at the receiving end. This invention improves the real-time performance, reliability, and efficiency of carbon neutrality data transmission, achieves node load balancing, and meets the data transmission requirements for carbon neutrality monitoring.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0005] The real-time carbon neutrality data transmission system based on BeiDou satellites includes: a data acquisition module, a node reconstruction module, a data identification module, a packet sub-packet assembly module, and a transmission optimization module.

[0006] The data acquisition module acquires transmission path data of the monitoring area and carbon neutrality data collected within the area based on BeiDou satellites;

[0007] The node reconstruction module identifies the load heat of different transmission nodes based on transmission path data, partitions and reconstructs the transmission nodes according to the load heat, and assigns heat labels to the reconstructed transmission nodes.

[0008] The data identification module predicts the transmission cycle based on carbon neutrality data and identifies the transmission type of carbon neutrality data based on the transmission cycle.

[0009] The packet grouping module obtains the attribute information of the carbon neutralization data to be transmitted based on the transmission capability of the Beidou device. Based on the attribute information and the Beidou short message transmission length limit, it formulates a packet grouping protocol and divides the carbon neutralization data to be transmitted into multiple data packets according to the packet grouping protocol. It also adds a packet header to each data packet, which includes data identifier, packet sequence number, total number of packets and verification information.

[0010] The transmission optimization module plans a transmission optimization scheme for data based on the data transmission type, transmission time, the heat label of the transmission node, and the data packet information processed by the packet assembly module.

[0011] The packet reassembly module is also used at the receiving end to reassemble the data packets transmitted through the transmission optimization scheme based on the packet header information of each data packet, so as to recover the complete carbon neutrality data.

[0012] Specifically, the data acquisition module includes a path detection unit and a data acquisition unit;

[0013] The path detection unit obtains the geographical location information of all potential transmission nodes within the monitoring area through the positioning function of Beidou satellites, and constructs an initial transmission path topology map;

[0014] The data acquisition unit collects carbon neutrality data within the monitoring area through a sensor array deployed within the monitoring area. The carbon neutrality data includes carbon emission data, carbon absorption data, and energy consumption data within the area.

[0015] The initial transport path topology map and carbon neutralization data are associated to establish a correspondence between them, and the associated initial transport path topology map and carbon neutralization data are stored in the local database.

[0016] Specifically, the path detection unit obtains the geographical location information of all potential transmission nodes within the monitoring area through the positioning function of the BeiDou satellite, and constructs an initial transmission path topology map, including:

[0017] The path detection unit sends BeiDou positioning signal requests to each potential transmission node and receives BeiDou positioning response signals from each transmission node. By analyzing the BeiDou positioning response signals, it obtains the latitude and longitude coordinates and altitude data of the nodes, and combines them with the geographical boundary parameters of the monitoring area to screen out the effective transmission nodes located within the monitoring area.

[0018] Based on the geographical location information of effective transmission nodes, the straight-line distance, terrain barrier coefficient and signal propagation attenuation rate between any two nodes are calculated, and candidate communication links between nodes are generated according to the principle of prioritizing the shortest distance and secondarily the lowest signal attenuation rate.

[0019] Based on the connectivity verification results of the candidate communication links, an initial transmission path topology map of the monitoring area is constructed to obtain transmission path data. The initial transmission path topology map includes the identification information, geographical coordinates, node coverage parameters, and link attributes of each node. The link attributes include link bandwidth and signal stability level.

[0020] Specifically, the initial transport path topology map and carbon neutralization data rows are associated to establish a correspondence between them, and the associated initial transport path topology map and carbon neutralization data are stored in a local database, including:

[0021] The system acquires the original carbon neutrality data set with labels from the data acquisition unit, extracts the sensor device identifier, acquisition timestamp, and sensor installation location information from it, and retrieves the initial transmission path topology map from the path detection unit, extracting the identifier information, geographical coordinates, and node coverage parameters of all transmission nodes in the initial transmission path topology map.

[0022] Based on the sensor installation location information and the geographical coordinates of the transmission nodes, the straight-line distance between each sensor and each transmission node is calculated one by one through the spatial distance calculation model. The transmission node that is closest to the sensor and within the node coverage area is determined as the data access node of the sensor. A one-to-one mapping relationship between sensor device identifier and access node identifier is established. If the sensor location is outside the coverage area of ​​all nodes, the path detection unit is triggered to supplement the temporary transmission node. The identifier information, geographical coordinates and coverage parameters of the temporary transmission node are added to the initial transmission path topology map, and the data access node for the sensor is re-determined.

[0023] Specifically, the method involves associating the initial transport path topology map with the carbon neutralization data rows to establish a correspondence between the two, and storing the associated initial transport path topology map and carbon neutralization data in a local database. The method also includes:

[0024] Based on the established one-to-one mapping relationship between sensor device identifier and access node identifier, the original carbon neutralization data set is bound to the identifier information of the corresponding access node, and the link attribute of the transmission node in the initial transmission path topology is associated, forming a three-layer association structure of data-node-link.

[0025] According to the three-level classification rules of transmission node identifier, data type, and collection timestamp, the associated carbon neutrality data is classified and stored. A data index table is established for each node in the initial transmission path topology map to record all data types associated with the node, data storage path, collection time range, and total data statistics.

[0026] A partitioned storage strategy is adopted, which stores the associated topology data and carbon neutrality data in the path topology partition and carbon neutrality data partition of the database respectively, and establishes a cross-partition data association index through node identifiers.

[0027] Specifically, the node reconstruction module includes a load monitoring unit and a partition reconstruction unit;

[0028] The load monitoring unit retrieves the initial transmission path topology map from the local database stored in the data acquisition module and extracts the information of each transmission node in the initial transmission path topology map; the transmission node information includes the identification information and link attributes of the transmission node;

[0029] Based on the transmission node information, the load heat of each transmission node within a preset time window is calculated; the load heat is a weighted sum of node data throughput, connection request frequency and energy remaining level.

[0030] The partition reconstruction unit divides transmission nodes with load heat values ​​higher than a preset load heat threshold into hot spots and transmission nodes with load heat values ​​lower than or equal to the preset load heat threshold into non-hot spots. It assigns red heat labels to transmission nodes in hot spots and blue heat labels to transmission nodes in non-hot spots. The heat labels include node ID, partition to which they belong, and real-time load heat value.

[0031] Specifically, the data recognition module includes a period prediction unit and a type recognition unit;

[0032] The cycle prediction unit retrieves historical transmission records of carbon neutrality data from a local database; the historical transmission records include the acquisition time, data volume, and actual transmission cycle of the historical data.

[0033] Based on historical transport records of carbon neutrality data, a transport cycle prediction model is constructed using a time series prediction algorithm. The model is input with the collection time and data volume of the currently collected carbon neutrality data, and the corresponding transport cycle prediction value is output.

[0034] The type identification unit compares the predicted transmission period value with a preset period threshold.

[0035] If the predicted transmission period is less than the preset short period threshold, it is determined to be an emergency transmission type.

[0036] If the predicted transmission period is within the preset short period threshold and long period threshold, it is determined to be a normal transmission type.

[0037] If the predicted transmission period is greater than the preset long period threshold, it is determined to be a batch transmission type.

[0038] Specifically, the packet assembly module includes an attribute parsing unit and a packet execution unit;

[0039] The attribute parsing unit retrieves the carbon neutralization data to be transmitted from the local database and parses the retrieved carbon neutralization data to be transmitted, extracting its attribute information; the carbon neutralization data to be transmitted is the carbon neutralization data that has been associated and stored by the data acquisition module and whose transmission type has been identified by the data identification module; the attribute information includes data generation time, data priority, data format, and total data volume;

[0040] The packet execution unit obtains the attribute information of the carbon neutralization data to be transmitted, formulates a packetization protocol based on the maximum short message transmission length of the Beidou device, and divides the carbon neutralization data to be transmitted into multiple data packets according to the packetization protocol. At the same time, it adds a packet header containing data identifier, packet sequence number, total number of packets and verification information to each data packet.

[0041] The data identifier is a unique code generated based on the generation time and data acquisition location of the carbon neutrality data; the verification information is a verification value calculated by a cyclic verification algorithm on the effective data content portion actually carried in the data packet; the packet sequence number and total number of packets are used to identify the position and total number of the current data packet in the complete data.

[0042] After the packet splitting execution unit completes the segmentation of all data packets and adds packet headers, it forms a set of data packets to be transmitted.

[0043] Specifically, the transmission optimization module includes a path planning unit;

[0044] The transmission optimization module obtains the heat tags of each transmission node from the node reconstruction module, obtains the data packet set from the packet grouping module, and obtains the transmission type and corresponding transmission time of the carbon neutralization data from the data identification module.

[0045] The path planning unit filters candidate transmission paths based on the popularity tags of transmission nodes;

[0046] For each candidate transmission path, the transmission delay and data packet loss rate are calculated by combining the load heat value of the transmission node and the link bandwidth data. The transmission delay of the candidate transmission path is the sum of the node processing delay and the link transmission delay. The data packet loss rate is predicted based on the correlation model between the node load heat value and historical packet loss records.

[0047] The transmission delay and data packet loss rate of each candidate transmission path are comprehensively evaluated, and the candidate transmission path with the minimum transmission delay and the minimum data packet loss rate is selected as the optimal transmission path.

[0048] Specifically, the transmission optimization module further includes a transmission scheduling unit;

[0049] The transmission scheduling unit obtains the optimal transmission path from the path planning unit and obtains the priority and transmission time of each data packet from the packet assembly module.

[0050] Based on the transmission time window and the priority of the data packets, the transmission order of multiple data packets to be transmitted on the optimal transmission path is sorted according to the preset transmission rules. The preset transmission rules include: within the same time window, the transmission order of high-priority data packets takes precedence over medium-priority data packets, and medium-priority data packets take precedence over low-priority data packets.

[0051] The transmission optimization module integrates the optimal transmission path and data packet transmission order to form a transmission optimization scheme.

[0052] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0053] 1. This invention proposes a real-time carbon neutrality data transmission system based on the BeiDou satellite system, and optimizes and improves its architecture, operation steps and processes. The system has the advantages of simple process, low investment and operating costs and low production and working costs.

[0054] 2. This invention proposes a real-time carbon neutrality data transmission system based on the BeiDou satellite system. The system utilizes a data acquisition module to acquire transmission path data and carbon neutrality data from the BeiDou satellite, enabling data collection and path detection in complex environments and improving system adaptability. A node reconstruction module performs partitioned reconstruction and assigns heat labels based on the load intensity of transmission nodes, achieving balanced node load distribution and improving system stability and transmission efficiency. A data identification module predicts transmission cycles and identifies transmission types based on carbon neutrality data, providing differentiated transmission services for different data types and meeting diverse data transmission needs. A packetization module formulates packetization protocols based on the transmission capabilities of the BeiDou equipment and data attribute information, achieving efficient data packetization and assembly, improving data transmission reliability and integrity. A transmission optimization module plans a transmission optimization scheme based on multiple factors, achieving optimal data transmission path selection and transmission sequence scheduling, improving data transmission efficiency and real-time performance. Attached Figure Description

[0055] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the real-time carbon neutrality data transmission system based on the BeiDou satellite of this invention.

[0056] Figure 2This is a flowchart illustrating the principle of the real-time carbon neutrality data transmission system based on the BeiDou satellite of this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0057] Example 1

[0058] Please see Figure 1 One embodiment of the present invention provides a real-time carbon neutrality data transmission system based on the BeiDou satellite system, comprising:

[0059] The real-time carbon neutrality data transmission system based on BeiDou satellites includes: a data acquisition module, a node reconstruction module, a data identification module, a packet sub-packet assembly module, and a transmission optimization module.

[0060] The data acquisition module acquires transmission path data of the monitoring area and carbon neutrality data collected within the area based on BeiDou satellites;

[0061] The node reconstruction module identifies the load heat of different transmission nodes based on transmission path data, partitions and reconstructs the transmission nodes according to the load heat, and assigns heat labels to the reconstructed transmission nodes.

[0062] Furthermore, when partitioning and reconstructing transmission nodes, transmission nodes with load heat values ​​in the same preset range are divided into the same region, and each region is equipped with one primary node and at least two backup nodes.

[0063] The data identification module predicts the transmission cycle based on carbon neutrality data and identifies the transmission type of carbon neutrality data based on the transmission cycle.

[0064] The packet grouping module obtains the attribute information of the carbon neutralization data to be transmitted based on the transmission capability of the Beidou device. Based on the attribute information and the Beidou short message transmission length limit, it formulates a packet grouping protocol and divides the carbon neutralization data to be transmitted into multiple data packets according to the packet grouping protocol. It also adds a packet header to each data packet, which includes data identifier, packet sequence number, total number of packets and verification information.

[0065] The transmission optimization module plans a transmission optimization scheme for data based on the data transmission type, transmission time, the heat label of the transmission node, and the data packet information processed by the packet assembly module.

[0066] The packet reassembly module is also used at the receiving end to reassemble the data packets transmitted through the transmission optimization scheme based on the packet header information of each data packet, so as to recover the complete carbon neutrality data.

[0067] Furthermore, after the receiving end sends back the missing data packet information to the sending end, the packet re-packet module at the sending end retransmits the missing data packets until the receiving end obtains all complete data packets and completes packet re-packetization.

[0068] Furthermore, after planning the transmission optimization scheme, the transmission optimization module also monitors the load heat changes of the transmission nodes and the transmission status of data packets in real time. If the load heat of the transmission nodes exceeds the preset limit or the data packet transmission is abnormal, the transmission optimization scheme is replanned.

[0069] Furthermore, the working principle of the real-time carbon neutrality data transmission system based on the BeiDou satellite system includes: First, the data acquisition module acquires transmission path data and carbon neutrality data through the path detection unit and data acquisition unit respectively, and stores the two in a local database; then, the load monitoring unit of the node reconstruction module calculates the load heat value of each transmission node, and the partition reconstruction unit performs partition reconstruction and assigns heat labels according to the load heat value; next, the cycle prediction unit of the data identification module predicts the transmission cycle of carbon neutrality data, and the type identification unit identifies the transmission type according to the transmission cycle; finally, the attribute solution of the packet assembly module... The analysis unit parses the attribute information of the data to be transmitted, and the packet execution unit performs packet processing based on the attribute information and the BeiDou short message transmission length limit. Then, the path planning unit of the transmission optimization module selects the optimal transmission path, and the transmission scheduling unit sorts the transmission order of the data packets to form a transmission optimization scheme. Finally, the packet assembly module performs packet processing on the received data packets at the receiving end to recover the complete carbon neutrality data. At the same time, the transmission optimization module monitors the load heat changes of the transmission nodes and the transmission status of the data packets in real time, and re-plans the transmission optimization scheme when necessary to ensure the stability and reliability of data transmission.

[0070] Example 2

[0071] Please see Figure 2 The data acquisition module described in this embodiment includes a path detection unit and a data acquisition unit;

[0072] The path detection unit obtains the geographical location information of all potential transmission nodes within the monitoring area through the positioning function of Beidou satellites, and constructs an initial transmission path topology map;

[0073] The data acquisition unit collects carbon neutrality data within the monitoring area through a sensor array deployed within the monitoring area. The carbon neutrality data includes carbon emission data, carbon absorption data, and energy consumption data within the area.

[0074] The initial transport path topology map and carbon neutralization data are associated to establish a correspondence between them, and the associated initial transport path topology map and carbon neutralization data are stored in the local database.

[0075] The path detection unit obtains the geographical location information of all potential transmission nodes within the monitoring area through the positioning function of the Beidou satellite, and constructs an initial transmission path topology map, including:

[0076] A1: The path detection unit sends BeiDou positioning signal requests to each potential transmission node and receives BeiDou positioning response signals from each transmission node. By parsing the BeiDou positioning response signals, it obtains the latitude and longitude coordinates and altitude data of the nodes, and combines them with the geographical boundary parameters of the monitoring area to select the effective transmission nodes located within the monitoring area.

[0077] Furthermore, the specific steps of A1 include:

[0078] (1) The path detection unit scans all possible transmission nodes in the monitoring area, including fixed base stations, mobile terminals and temporary access devices, by using the node detection signal broadcast by the Beidou satellite, collects the hardware identifiers of each node, such as device ID, and establishes a list of potential transmission nodes.

[0079] (2) The path detection unit generates a BeiDou positioning signal request for each potential transmission node in the transmission node list, which includes the node hardware identifier, request timestamp and positioning accuracy requirements, according to the BeiDou satellite communication protocol, and sends it to each node through the BeiDou short message channel.

[0080] (3) The path detection unit listens to the downlink channel of the Beidou satellite, receives the Beidou positioning response signals returned by each potential transmission node, performs noise reduction processing and integrity verification on the signals, and eliminates invalid response signals, such as signals that have not returned within timeout or have damaged frame structures.

[0081] (4) The BeiDou positioning response signal that has passed the verification is analyzed, and the BeiDou satellite ephemeris data, pseudorange measurement value and time synchronization information contained in the BeiDou positioning response signal are extracted. The original latitude and longitude coordinates and altitude data of the node are calculated by combining the BeiDou positioning algorithm. The altitude data is the vertical distance relative to the sea level.

[0082] (5) The path detection unit retrieves the preset monitoring area geographical boundary parameters from the local database; the monitoring area geographical boundary parameters include the set of polygon vertex coordinates of the area boundary and the altitude range threshold.

[0083] (6) Compare the spatial location of the obtained node latitude and longitude coordinates with the coordinates of the polygon vertices of the monitoring area boundary to determine whether the node is located inside the polygon boundary. At the same time, check whether the node altitude is within the preset altitude range threshold. Then, only retain nodes that simultaneously satisfy the conditions of being geographically located within the area and having an altitude within the threshold range, and mark them as valid transmission nodes.

[0084] (7) The path detection unit will associate and store the hardware identifier, latitude and longitude coordinates, altitude data and positioning timestamp of the selected effective transmission nodes, and feed back the list of effective transmission nodes and corresponding location information to the data acquisition module.

[0085] A2: Calculating the straight-line distance, terrain blocking coefficient and signal propagation attenuation rate between any two valid transmission nodes based on their geographic location information, and generating candidate communication links between nodes according to the principle of shortest distance priority and lowest signal attenuation rate secondary;

[0086] Further, the specific steps of A2 include:

[0087] (1) Retrieving the longitude, latitude and altitude data of all valid transmission nodes from the path detection unit, converting the longitude and latitude coordinates into unified spatial rectangular coordinate system coordinates to eliminate calculation errors caused by different coordinate formats, and verifying the altitude data to eliminate abnormal values, such as data exceeding the reasonable altitude range of the region, so as to ensure the accuracy of basic data for subsequent calculation;

[0088] (2) For each pair of valid transmission nodes, calculating the straight-line distance by using a three-dimensional space distance formula based on the spatial rectangular coordinate system coordinates. Specifically, extracting the coordinates of node A and node B, obtaining the horizontal distance component and vertical distance component through coordinate difference calculation, and then synthesizing the three-dimensional straight-line distance through the Pythagorean theorem as the basic measurement of the physical distance between the two nodes. Specifically, the three-dimensional space distance formula and the Pythagorean theorem are prior art in the art and not the inventive solution of the present application, and thus will not be repeated herein;

[0089] (3) Retrieving the digital elevation model data of the monitoring area from the local geographic information database, and extracting the terrain profile information that the connecting line between the two nodes passes through, including topographic relief and obstacle height;

[0090] (4) According to the relative positional relationship between the obstacles in the terrain profile and the connecting line of the two nodes, dividing the terrain blocking degree into four grades: no blocking, slight blocking, moderate blocking and severe blocking, which respectively correspond to terrain blocking coefficients a, b, c, d, and satisfy a<b<c<d, wherein a higher terrain blocking coefficient indicates stronger blocking of signal transmission by the terrain;

[0091] (5) Constructing a signal attenuation model by combining the straight-line distance, terrain blocking coefficient and environmental parameters between the two nodes, which comprises: first calculating the free space propagation attenuation according to the straight-line distance, then introducing the terrain blocking coefficient to correct the attenuation value, and finally superimposing the environmental attenuation factor to obtain the signal propagation attenuation rate between the two nodes, wherein the attenuation rate is expressed as a percentage, and a higher value indicates greater energy loss during signal transmission;

[0092] Specifically, calculating free space propagation attenuation according to the straight-line distance, then introducing a terrain blocking coefficient to correct the attenuation value, and finally superimposing an environmental attenuation factor to obtain the signal propagation attenuation rate between the two nodes comprises:

[0093] a. Extract the three-dimensional straight-line distance between any two nodes from the standardized geographical location information of the effective transmission nodes, determine the carrier frequency of the current transmission signal, and calculate the signal wavelength according to the speed of light formula; retrieve the terrain barrier coefficient between the two nodes from the terrain barrier coefficient measurement results, and obtain the real-time environmental parameters between the two nodes from the environmental monitoring database, including vegetation coverage, weather level and electromagnetic interference intensity. The speed of light formula is: the speed of light equals the frequency multiplied by the wavelength.

[0094] b. Based on the free space propagation model, using the straight-line distance between two nodes and the signal wavelength as input, the theoretical attenuation value of the signal under the condition of no obstacles and environmental interference is calculated. Specifically, the ratio of distance to wavelength is converted into logarithmic form through the free space propagation attenuation formula, and then multiplied by the propagation constant to obtain the free space propagation attenuation. The value of free space propagation attenuation increases with the increase of distance and decreases with the increase of wavelength. The free space propagation model and the free space propagation attenuation formula are existing technologies in this field and are not the inventive solution of this application, and will not be described in detail here.

[0095] c. Correcting the free-space propagation attenuation based on the terrain barrier coefficient, including: multiplying the terrain barrier coefficient as the correction weight by the free-space propagation attenuation to obtain the terrain-corrected attenuation value;

[0096] d. Set corresponding attenuation factors for different environmental parameters. For example, in this invention, the environmental attenuation factor increases by 3 dB for every 20% increase in vegetation coverage; by 5 dB for rainy days and by 8 dB for snowy days; by 4 dB for medium electromagnetic interference intensity and by 10 dB for high electromagnetic interference intensity; and the attenuation factors corresponding to each environmental parameter are summed to obtain the total environmental attenuation factor; the total environmental attenuation factor reflects the comprehensive attenuation effect of environmental factors such as vegetation, weather, and electromagnetic interference on the signal.

[0097] e. Add the free space propagation attenuation, terrain correction attenuation, and total environmental attenuation factor to obtain the total signal propagation attenuation between the two nodes. Then convert the total attenuation into an attenuation rate. The conversion method is as follows: based on the initial signal transmission power, the power loss ratio corresponding to the total attenuation is determined as the attenuation rate through the conversion relationship between decibels and power ratio.

[0098] f. Compare the calculated signal propagation attenuation rate with the preset physical limit attenuation rate. If it exceeds the limit, it is determined to be a calculation error. Return to step a to recheck the input parameters, such as whether the straight-line distance is incorrect or whether the environmental parameters are missing. If it is within a reasonable range, the attenuation rate is taken as the final result of the signal propagation attenuation between the two nodes.

[0099] (6) Set the upper limit threshold for straight-line distance and the upper limit threshold for signal propagation attenuation rate, perform preliminary filtering on all node pairs, and retain only node pairs whose straight-line distance does not exceed the upper limit threshold for straight-line distance and whose signal propagation attenuation rate does not exceed the upper limit threshold for signal propagation attenuation rate, and include them in the candidate communication link range, and exclude node pairs that are not feasible for communication due to excessive distance or excessive attenuation.

[0100] (7) According to the principle of prioritizing the shortest distance and secondarily prioritizing the lowest signal attenuation rate, the candidate communication links after preliminary screening are sorted, including: firstly, the straight-line distance is used as the first sorting criterion, and the links are arranged from shortest to longest distance; for links with the same distance or a difference within the preset error range, the signal propagation attenuation rate is used as the second sorting criterion, and the links are arranged from lowest to highest attenuation rate, forming a priority-ordered list of candidate communication links.

[0101] (8) Perform secondary verification on the sorted candidate communication links to check whether there is cross interference between the links, such as signal crosstalk caused by two links being too close together; whether they pass through areas with strong electromagnetic interference, such as near high-voltage lines or radio towers, and finally determine the set of candidate communication links that can be used to construct the initial transmission path topology.

[0102] A3: Construct an initial transmission path topology map of the monitoring area based on the connectivity verification results of the candidate communication links to obtain transmission path data; the initial transmission path topology map includes the identification information, geographical coordinates, node coverage parameters and link attributes of each node; the link attributes include link bandwidth and signal stability level.

[0103] Furthermore, the specific steps in A3 include:

[0104] (1) Extract the basic information of all links from the selected candidate communication link set, including the effective transmission node identifiers at both ends of the link, straight-line distance, signal propagation attenuation rate, terrain blocking coefficient and link priority ranking results, and group the links according to the node identifier to form a candidate communication link list with nodes as the core.

[0105] (2) Initiate bidirectional communication test for each candidate communication link, including: the link starting node sends a Beidou short message test signal containing test identifier, timestamp and random check code to the target node. After receiving the signal, the target node immediately returns a response signal containing the same check code and records the signal sending time, receiving time and response time to obtain the average delay of bidirectional communication. At the same time, check whether the check code matches to verify the data integrity.

[0106] (3) Set up quantitative indicators for connectivity determination. The quantitative indicators include: bidirectional communication success rate, average latency, and data integrity verification pass rate. Only links that meet all three quantitative indicators are determined to be valid links. Otherwise, they are marked as invalid links and the reasons for failure are recorded, such as latency exceeding the limit or verification failing.

[0107] (4) In the case of multiple links between any two nodes in the effective connectivity link, the link with the highest priority is retained according to the priority sorting result, and other redundant links are eliminated to avoid the complexity of transmission path calculation caused by too many links in the topology graph.

[0108] (5) Define attribute parameters for each valid transmission node in the initial transmission path topology graph, including node identifier, latitude and longitude coordinates, altitude, maximum data throughput, remaining energy percentage and node type;

[0109] (6) Define attribute parameters for each valid connectivity link, including link identifier, straight-line distance, signal propagation attenuation rate, average communication delay, link bandwidth and link status. The link identifier is generated by combining the identifiers of the two end nodes; the link bandwidth is used to characterize the data transmission capability of the link, and the link bandwidth is the maximum transmission rate calculated based on the signal attenuation rate and node throughput; the link status includes normal and busy.

[0110] (7) The initial transmission path topology is constructed using the adjacency list data structure in graph theory. The attribute information of all valid transmission nodes is stored in the node list, and the attribute information of all valid connected links is stored in the edge list. The mapping between nodes and links is realized through the association between node identifiers and link identifiers. At the same time, global attributes are added to the topology, including the monitoring area boundary, the topology generation time, the total number of nodes, the total number of links, and other statistical information. The graph theory method is the prior art in this field and is not an inventive solution of this application. It will not be elaborated here.

[0111] (8) Perform global connectivity verification on the constructed initial transmission path topology. Use the breadth-first search algorithm to start from any node, traverse all reachable nodes, and check whether there are isolated nodes, i.e. nodes that cannot be connected to other nodes through any link. If there are isolated nodes, remove them from the topology and record them to ensure the overall connectivity of the topology. If all nodes are reachable, the initial construction of the topology is completed. The breadth-first search algorithm is the prior art in this field and is not an inventive solution of this application. It will not be described in detail here.

[0112] (9) Standardize the node attributes, link attributes and global attributes of the initial transmission path topology according to the preset data format to ensure that the data fields are uniform and the format is standardized. The output transmission path data includes the node list, link list and topology metadata, which serve as the input data for the node reconstruction module and the transmission optimization module.

[0113] The initial transport path topology map and carbon neutralization data are associated to establish a correspondence between them, and the associated initial transport path topology map and carbon neutralization data are stored in a local database, including:

[0114] B1: Obtain the original carbon neutrality data set with labels from the data acquisition unit, extract the sensor device identifier, acquisition timestamp and sensor installation location information from it, and retrieve the initial transmission path topology map from the path detection unit, extract the identification information, geographical coordinates and node coverage parameters of all transmission nodes in the initial transmission path topology map.

[0115] B2: Based on the sensor installation location information and the geographical coordinates of the transmission nodes, the straight-line distance between each sensor and each transmission node is calculated one by one through the spatial distance calculation model. The transmission node that is closest to the sensor and within the node's coverage area is determined as the data access node for that sensor. A one-to-one mapping relationship between the sensor device identifier and the access node identifier is established. If the sensor location is outside the coverage area of ​​all nodes, the path detection unit is triggered to supplement a temporary transmission node. The identifier information, geographical coordinates, and coverage parameters of the temporary transmission node are added to the initial transmission path topology map, and the data access node for that sensor is re-determined.

[0116] Furthermore, the specific steps of B2 include:

[0117] (1) Configure the core parameters of the three-dimensional spatial distance calculation model, including coordinate transformation coefficient and altitude weight factor, and set the distance calculation accuracy threshold; the coordinate transformation coefficient is the coefficient that converts latitude and longitude into plane distance, such as 1 degree latitude is approximately equal to 111319 meters; the altitude weight factor is used to adjust the influence of altitude difference on distance calculation, and this invention sets it to 0.1;

[0118] (2) For each sensor, traverse all transmission nodes and calculate the straight-line distance between them using the spatial distance calculation model. The specific process is as follows: first, convert the latitude and longitude coordinates into plane rectangular coordinates and calculate the horizontal distance; then, combine the altitude difference to calculate the vertical distance; finally, obtain the comprehensive straight-line distance by weighted summation of the horizontal and vertical distances, which serves as the actual distance measurement between the sensor and the transmission node.

[0119] (3) For the distance calculation results between each sensor and the transmission node, compare them with the coverage range parameters of the transmission node. If the straight distance is less than or equal to the coverage radius, the transmission node is determined to be within the effective coverage range of the sensor; if the straight distance is greater than the coverage radius, it is determined to be outside the coverage range, and the possibility of the node being used as an access node is excluded.

[0120] (4) For each sensor, select the node with the smallest straight-line distance from all transmission nodes within the effective coverage area and mark it as the candidate access node for that sensor. If there are multiple nodes with the same distance and all of them are the minimum, then further compare the signal stability parameters of these nodes and select the node with the highest signal stability as the candidate access node. The signal stability parameters are extracted from the link attributes of the topology graph.

[0121] (5) After completing the screening of candidate access nodes for all sensors, check whether there are sensors without candidate access nodes, that is, all transmission nodes are outside their coverage area. If there are no such sensors, proceed directly to the mapping relationship establishment step; if there are, record the device identifier and installation location of these sensors, and trigger the path detection unit to start the temporary transmission node supplementation process.

[0122] (6) After receiving the supplementary request, the path detection unit plans the deployment location of temporary transmission nodes within a preset range around the installation location of the abnormal sensor, assigns a unique identifier to the temporary transmission node, obtains its precise geographical coordinates through Beidou positioning, sets the coverage parameters, adds this information to the node list of the initial transmission path topology map, and updates the link relationship of the topology map at the same time.

[0123] (7) For the sensor that triggers the supplementary process, based on the updated initial transmission path topology, re-execute the operations from step (3) to step (5), calculate the straight-line distance between it and all transmission nodes, and select the node that is closest to it and within the coverage area as the final access node to ensure that each sensor has a corresponding access node.

[0124] (8) Bind the device identifier of each sensor to the determined access node identifier to form a one-to-one mapping relationship table of sensor device identifier and access node identifier, and store the mapping relationship table in the local database and synchronize it to the data acquisition module; the mapping relationship table also records the mapping establishment time, the straight-line distance between the sensor and the access node, and the node coverage verification result.

[0125] B3: Based on the established one-to-one mapping relationship between sensor device identifier and access node identifier, the original carbon neutralization data set is bound to the identifier information of the corresponding access node, and the link attribute of the transmission node in the initial transmission path topology is associated to form a three-layer association structure of data-node-link.

[0126] B4: According to the three-level classification rules of transmission node identifier, data type, and collection timestamp, the associated carbon neutrality data is classified and stored. A data index table is established for each node in the initial transmission path topology map to record all data types associated with the node, data storage path, collection time range, and total data statistics.

[0127] B5: A partitioned storage strategy is adopted, which stores the associated topology data and carbon neutrality data in the path topology partition and carbon neutrality data partition of the database respectively, and establishes a cross-partition data association index through node identifiers.

[0128] Specifically, the partitioned storage strategy refers to dividing the database into multiple independent storage partitions based on the data type, attributes, and access frequency. Different types of data are stored in their respective partitions, and a storage management method that enables cross-partition data association is achieved through an indexing mechanism. In this invention, by storing topology graph data and carbon neutrality data separately, the probability of data storage conflicts between different types can be reduced, data query and read / write efficiency can be improved, and it is convenient to formulate differentiated storage optimization strategies for different data types, such as backup frequency and compression methods.

[0129] Furthermore, the specific steps of B5 include:

[0130] (1) Create two independent first-level storage partitions in the local database, named path topology partition and carbon neutrality data partition respectively. Configure independent storage path, disk quota and data access permissions for each partition. At the same time, create second-level sub-partitions under each first-level partition. The path topology partition has node information sub-partition and link information sub-partition, and the carbon neutrality data partition has real-time data sub-partition and historical data sub-partition, so as to realize the fine classification and storage of data.

[0131] (2) Extract node data and link data from the associated initial transmission path topology. The node data includes attributes such as the identifier, latitude and longitude coordinates, altitude, maximum throughput, remaining energy and node type of each transmission node. Generate a unique data ID in the format of node identifier + timestamp. The link data includes attributes such as the identifier of each link, the identifiers of the two ends, distance, attenuation rate, delay, bandwidth and link status. Generate a unique data ID in the format of link identifier + timestamp. Perform structured processing on the two types of data and convert them into a two-dimensional table structure that conforms to the database storage format. Ensure that the field definitions are clear, such as setting the node identifier as the primary key and the link identifier as the unique key.

[0132] (3) Write the structured node data into the node information sub-partition of the path topology partition, and write the link data into the link information sub-partition. At the same time, enable the data compression mechanism during storage, including lossless compression of numerical data such as node coordinates and dictionary compression of text data such as link status. Create an index table based on node identifier and link identifier for each sub-partition, record the data storage location and update time. After storage is completed, generate a topology graph data storage list, and record the storage path and check value corresponding to each data ID.

[0133] (4) Extract real-time data and historical archived data from the associated carbon neutrality data. Real-time data includes sensor identifier, collection timestamp, carbon emission concentration, carbon absorption, energy consumption and data priority, etc., and generate a unique data ID by sensor identifier + collection timestamp; historical data is real-time data for more than 24 hours, and retains key fields after aggregation.

[0134] (5) Write real-time data into the real-time data sub-partition of the carbon neutrality data partition, set data lifecycle management rules, and write historical data into the historical data sub-partition. Use a time-segmented storage strategy and encrypt sensitive data using the AES-256 encryption algorithm during storage. Finally, create an index table based on sensor identifier and acquisition timestamp for each sub-partition, generate a carbon neutrality data storage list, and record the data ID, associated node identifier, and storage location. The lifecycle management rule is that real-time data is automatically migrated to the historical sub-partition after being retained for 72 hours. The time-segmented storage strategy is to create data files by month. The AES-256 encryption algorithm is existing technology in this field and is not an inventive solution of this application. It will not be described in detail here.

[0135] (6) Design a node-data association index table as a bridge connecting two first-level partitions. The index table fields include index ID, node identifier, sensor identifier, data ID, topology map data ID and associated timestamp. The node identifier is associated with the node information of the path topology partition, the sensor identifier and data ID are associated with the real-time or historical data of the carbon neutrality data partition, and the topology map data ID is associated with the link information of the path topology partition. The index table adopts a B+ tree index structure with node identifier + timestamp as the composite index key to ensure efficient retrieval when querying cross-partition data. The B+ tree is the existing technology in this field and is not an inventive solution of this application. It will not be described in detail here.

[0136] (7) Based on the mapping relationship table of sensor device identifier and access node identifier, extract the access node identifier corresponding to each sensor, associate the sensor identifier, node identifier with the corresponding data ID and topology map data ID, and write them into the association index table one by one. After writing, verify the association of each record in the index table through the consistency check algorithm, such as checking whether the sensor corresponding to the data ID is indeed associated with the node identifier in the index, and removing invalid association records, such as records where the sensor-node mapping relationship has failed.

[0137] The node reconstruction module includes a load monitoring unit and a partition reconstruction unit;

[0138] C1: The load monitoring unit retrieves the initial transmission path topology map from the local database stored in the data acquisition module, and extracts the information of each transmission node in the initial transmission path topology map; the transmission node information includes the identification information and link attributes of the transmission node;

[0139] C2: Based on the transmission node information, calculate the load heat of each transmission node within a preset time window; the load heat is a weighted sum of node data throughput, connection request frequency, and remaining energy level.

[0140] Furthermore, the specific steps of C2 include:

[0141] (1) Retrieve the identification information, maximum data throughput, rated energy capacity and node type of all valid transmission nodes from the node information sub-partition of the initial transmission path topology map, and extract the historical load data of each node in the last 24 hours from the database; the node type includes fixed base stations and temporary transmission nodes.

[0142] (2) Set differentiated time windows according to node type, and set data sampling frequency. Among them, fixed base stations adopt Statistics window, temporary transmission nodes use A statistical window, satisfying the following conditions: ;

[0143] (3) Within the preset time window, record the real-time data transmission volume of each transmission node through the traffic monitoring tool, calculate the total data throughput within the time window, divide it by the window duration to obtain the average throughput, compare the average throughput with the node's maximum data throughput to obtain the throughput ratio, which serves as an indicator to measure the node's data processing pressure. The higher the ratio, the heavier the data load.

[0144] (4) Record the total number of connection requests received by each transmission node within the time window through the node communication log, including sensor data access requests and forwarding requests, calculate the connection request frequency, and compare it with the node's maximum concurrent processing capacity to obtain the request frequency ratio. The node's maximum concurrent processing capacity needs to be preset. In this invention, the fixed base station is 50 times per second, and the temporary transmission node is 20 times per second.

[0145] (5) Obtain the real-time remaining energy of each transmission node at the end of the time window and calculate the remaining energy level; the remaining energy level is the percentage of the ratio of remaining energy to rated energy capacity;

[0146] (6) Set weighting coefficients based on node load characteristics, where the weight of node data throughput is: The connection request frequency has a weighting of 1. The weight of the energy surplus level is Among them, the weight of the energy surplus level is negative, indicating that the lower the energy, the greater the contribution of the load heat, and satisfies the following condition. ;

[0147] (7) Multiply the throughput ratio, request frequency ratio, and remaining energy level by the corresponding weight coefficients, and then add the products together to obtain the load heat value.

[0148] C3: The partition reconstruction unit divides transmission nodes with load heat values ​​higher than a preset load heat threshold into hot spots, and transmission nodes with load heat values ​​lower than or equal to the preset load heat threshold into non-hot spots. It assigns red heat labels to transmission nodes in hot spots and blue heat labels to transmission nodes in non-hot spots. The heat label includes node ID, partition to which it belongs, and real-time load heat value.

[0149] The data identification module includes a period prediction unit and a type identification unit;

[0150] D1: The cycle prediction unit retrieves historical transmission records of carbon neutrality data from the local database; the historical transmission records include the acquisition time, data volume, and actual transmission cycle of the historical data.

[0151] D2: Based on the historical transport records of carbon neutrality data, a transport cycle prediction model is constructed using a time series prediction algorithm. The acquisition time and data volume of the currently collected carbon neutrality data are input, and the corresponding transport cycle prediction value is output. The time series prediction algorithm is the prior art in this field and is not an inventive solution of this application, so it will not be described in detail here.

[0152] D3: The type identification unit compares the predicted transmission period value with a preset period threshold;

[0153] If the predicted transmission period is less than the preset short period threshold, it is determined to be an emergency transmission type.

[0154] If the predicted transmission period is within the preset short period threshold and long period threshold, it is determined to be a normal transmission type.

[0155] If the predicted transmission period is greater than the preset long period threshold, it is determined to be a batch transmission type.

[0156] The packet assembly module includes an attribute parsing unit and a packet execution unit;

[0157] E1: The attribute parsing unit retrieves the carbon neutralization data to be transmitted from the local database, and parses the retrieved carbon neutralization data to be transmitted to extract its attribute information; the carbon neutralization data to be transmitted is the carbon neutralization data that has been associated and stored by the data acquisition module and whose transmission type has been identified by the data identification module; the attribute information includes data generation time, data priority, data format and total data volume;

[0158] E2: The packet execution unit obtains the attribute information of the carbon neutralization data to be transmitted, formulates a packet protocol in combination with the maximum short message transmission length of the Beidou device, and divides the carbon neutralization data to be transmitted into multiple data packets according to the packet protocol. At the same time, it adds a packet header containing data identifier, packet sequence number, total number of packets and verification information to each data packet.

[0159] Furthermore, the packet execution unit acquires the attribute information of the carbon neutralization data to be transmitted, and formulates a packet sub-protocol based on the maximum short message transmission length of the BeiDou device, including:

[0160] (1) The sub-packet execution unit obtains the attribute information of the carbon neutralization data to be transmitted from the attribute parsing unit;

[0161] (2) Query the maximum short message transmission length in real time through the Beidou device interface; the maximum short message transmission length changes dynamically due to the device model and signal strength, such as the maximum length of the standard Beidou short message device is 1000 bytes, and the enhanced device is 2000 bytes. At the same time, obtain the transmission rate, single transmission delay and retransmission mechanism parameters of the Beidou device.

[0162] (3) Calculate the basic number of packets based on the total amount of data and the maximum short message transmission length, including: first deducting the fixed length of the header of each data packet to obtain the effective data carrying capacity of a single packet; then dividing the total amount of data by the effective carrying capacity of a single packet. If the result is an integer, the basic number of packets is equal to that integer; if it is a decimal, round it up to ensure that all data can be segmented. The fixed length of the header of each data packet includes 16 bytes of data identifier, 4 bytes of packet sequence number, 4 bytes of total number of packets, and 8 bytes of verification information.

[0163] (4) Optimize and adjust the number of basic packets according to data priority, including: for urgent transmission type data, adopt the small packet multiple transmission strategy, reduce the effective capacity of a single packet to 80% of the original, increase the number of packets to reduce the impact of single packet transmission failure, and add a 2-byte priority identifier in the packet header; for regular type data, keep the number of basic packets unchanged, and take the full effective capacity of a single packet; for batch type data, allow the effective capacity of a single packet to float up by 10%, reduce the total number of packets to improve transmission efficiency, and set the packet header priority identifier to 0x00;

[0164] (5) Differentiated packet granularity is designed for different data formats. Structured JSON data is divided according to the principle of field integrity to ensure that each data packet contains complete field key-value pairs. Field boundaries are located by parsing the JSON syntax tree and packet breakpoints are adjusted. Binary stream data is divided according to a fixed block size. The size of each block is an integer multiple of the effective carrying capacity of a single packet. A 1-byte block identifier is added to the end of the packet to ensure the order recognition when the receiver assembles the packets.

[0165] (6) Redundancy check rules are embedded in the subcontracting agreement according to the importance of the data. Redundancy check is a prior art in this field and is not an inventive solution of this application. It will not be described in detail here.

[0166] (7) Integrate the above-mentioned adjusted parameters into a formal packet sub-protocol, including: single packet effective data length, total number of packets, packet header structure definition, packet breakpoint rules, retransmission trigger conditions and verification algorithm type. The protocol is stored in the form of a structured document, including the protocol version number, applicable data types and effective timestamp, to ensure the protocol consistency between the sending end and the receiving end.

[0167] E3: The data identifier is a unique code generated based on the generation time and data acquisition location of the carbon neutrality data; the verification information is a verification value calculated by using a cyclic verification algorithm to measure the effective data content actually carried in the data packet; the packet sequence number and the total number of packets are used to identify the position and total number of the current data packet in the complete data. The cyclic verification algorithm is existing technology in this field and is not an inventive solution of this application, so it will not be described in detail here.

[0168] E4: After the packet execution unit completes the segmentation of all data packets and adds packet headers, it forms a set of data packets to be transmitted.

[0169] The transmission optimization module includes a path planning unit;

[0170] F1: The transmission optimization module obtains the heat tags of each transmission node from the node reconstruction module, obtains the data packet set from the packet grouping module, and obtains the transmission type and corresponding transmission time of the carbon neutralization data from the data identification module.

[0171] F2: The path planning unit filters out candidate transmission paths based on the heat tags of transmission nodes;

[0172] F3: For each candidate transmission path, the transmission delay and data packet loss rate are calculated by combining the load heat value of the transmission node and the link bandwidth data; the transmission delay of the candidate transmission path is the sum of the node processing delay and the link transmission delay; the data packet loss rate is predicted based on the correlation model between the node load heat value and historical packet loss records.

[0173] Furthermore, the correlation model between node load heat value and historical packet loss records is implemented through a linear regression algorithm. The linear regression algorithm is existing technology in this field and is not an inventive solution of this application, so it will not be described in detail here.

[0174] Furthermore, for each transmission node in the path, the node processing latency is calculated based on its load heat value, including: first, retrieving the node's hardware performance parameters and historical processing latency data, and establishing a correspondence model between load heat and processing latency: when the load heat value is less than or equal to a preset low load, the processing latency is taken as a baseline value; when the load heat value is greater than the preset low load but less than or equal to a preset high load, the latency increases linearly with the heat value, where the increase is equal to the difference between the load heat value and the preset low load, divided by the preset high load, the quotient is added to 1, and then multiplied by the baseline value; when the load heat value is greater than the preset high load, the latency increases exponentially, and the processing latency of all nodes in the path is summed to obtain the total node processing latency of the path.

[0175] Furthermore, the link transmission delay calculation process includes: the link transmission delay consists of two parts, propagation delay and transmission delay. The propagation delay and transmission delay of all links in the path are summed to obtain the total link transmission delay of the path. The propagation delay is equal to the link length divided by the speed of light, and the transmission delay is equal to the effective data length of a single packet divided by the link transmission rate. The link transmission rate is obtained by converting the link bandwidth.

[0176] Furthermore, the total transmission delay of the candidate transmission path is obtained by adding the total node processing delay of the path to the total link transmission delay of the path.

[0177] F4: Comprehensively evaluate the transmission delay and data packet loss rate of each candidate transmission path, and select the candidate transmission path with the minimum transmission delay and the minimum data packet loss rate as the optimal transmission path.

[0178] The transmission optimization module also includes a transmission scheduling unit;

[0179] G1: The transmission scheduling unit obtains the optimal transmission path from the path planning unit and obtains the priority and transmission time of each data packet from the packet assembly module;

[0180] G2: Based on the transmission time window and the priority of the data packets, the transmission order of multiple data packets to be transmitted on the optimal transmission path is sorted according to the preset transmission rules; the preset transmission rules include: within the same time window, the transmission order of high-priority data packets takes precedence over medium-priority data packets, and medium-priority data packets take precedence over low-priority data packets.

[0181] G3: The transmission optimization module integrates the optimal transmission path and data packet transmission order to form a transmission optimization scheme.

[0182] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments under the guidance of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. All of these variations are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A carbon neutral data real-time transmission system based on Beidou satellite, characterized in that, include: The module includes a data acquisition module, a node reconstruction module, a data identification module, a packet sub-packet assembly module, and a transmission optimization module. The data acquisition module includes a path detection unit and a data collection unit; The path detection unit acquires the geographical location information of all potential transmission nodes within the monitoring area through the positioning function of the BeiDou satellite, and constructs an initial transmission path topology map. The path detection unit sends BeiDou positioning signal requests to each potential transmission node and receives BeiDou positioning response signals from each node. By analyzing the BeiDou positioning response signals, it obtains the latitude and longitude coordinates and altitude data of the nodes, and combines this with the geographical boundary parameters of the monitoring area to filter out effective transmission nodes located within the monitoring area. Based on the geographical location information of the effective transmission nodes, it calculates the straight-line distance, terrain obstruction coefficient, and signal propagation attenuation rate between any two nodes, generating candidate communication links between nodes according to the principle of prioritizing the shortest distance and secondarily the lowest signal attenuation rate. Based on the connectivity verification results of the candidate communication links, it constructs an initial transmission path topology map of the monitoring area, obtaining transmission path data. The initial transmission path topology map includes the identification information, geographical location coordinates, node coverage parameters, and link attributes of each node. The link attributes include link bandwidth and signal stability level. The data acquisition unit collects carbon neutrality data within the monitoring area through a sensor array deployed within the monitoring area. The carbon neutrality data includes carbon emission data, carbon absorption data, and energy consumption data within the area. The system acquires raw carbon neutrality data sets with labels from the data acquisition unit, extracts sensor device identifiers, acquisition timestamps, and sensor installation location information. Simultaneously, it retrieves the initial transmission path topology map from the path detection unit, extracting the identifier information, geographical coordinates, and node coverage parameters of all transmission nodes in the initial transmission path topology map. Based on the sensor installation location information and the geographical coordinates of the transmission nodes, the system calculates the straight-line distance between each sensor and each transmission node one by one using a spatial distance calculation model. The transmission node closest to the sensor and within the node's coverage area is determined as the data access node for that sensor, establishing a one-to-one mapping relationship between the sensor device identifier and the access node identifier. If the sensor location is outside the coverage area of ​​all nodes, the path detection unit is triggered to supplement a temporary transmission node. The identifier information, geographical coordinates, and coverage parameters of the temporary transmission node are added to the initial transmission path topology map, and a new data access node is determined for that sensor. Based on the established one-to-one mapping relationship between sensor device identifier and access node identifier, the original carbon neutralization data set is bound to the identifier information of the corresponding access node, and the link attribute of the transmission node in the initial transmission path topology is associated, forming a three-layer association structure of data-node-link. According to the three-level classification rules of transmission node identifier, data type, and collection timestamp, the associated carbon neutrality data is classified and stored. A data index table is established for each node in the initial transmission path topology map to record all data types associated with the node, data storage path, collection time range, and total data statistics. A partitioned storage strategy is adopted to store the associated topology graph data and carbon neutrality data in the path topology partition and carbon neutrality data partition of the database, respectively, and to establish a cross-partition data association index through node identifiers; The node reconstruction module includes a load monitoring unit and a partition reconstruction unit; the load monitoring unit retrieves the initial transmission path topology map from the local database stored in the data acquisition module, and extracts the information of each transmission node in the initial transmission path topology map; the transmission node information includes the identification information and link attributes of the transmission node; Based on the transmission node information, the load heat of each transmission node within a preset time window is calculated; the load heat is a weighted sum of node data throughput, connection request frequency, and remaining energy level; the partition reconstruction unit divides transmission nodes with load heat values ​​higher than a preset load heat threshold into hotspot areas, and transmission nodes with load heat values ​​lower than or equal to the preset load heat threshold into non-hotspot areas, and assigns red heat labels to transmission nodes in hotspot areas and blue heat labels to transmission nodes in non-hotspot areas; the heat label includes node ID, partition, and real-time load heat value; transmission nodes with load heat values ​​in the same preset range are divided into the same area, and each area is equipped with one primary node and at least two backup nodes; The data identification module includes a cycle prediction unit and a type identification unit; the cycle prediction unit retrieves historical transmission records of carbon neutrality data from the local database; the historical transmission records include the acquisition time, data volume, and actual transmission cycle of historical data; based on the historical transmission records of carbon neutrality data, a transmission cycle prediction model is constructed using a time series prediction algorithm, and the acquisition time and data volume of the currently acquired carbon neutrality data are input, and the corresponding transmission cycle prediction value is output. The type identification unit compares the predicted transmission cycle value with a preset cycle threshold. If the predicted transmission cycle value is less than the preset short cycle threshold, it is determined to be an emergency transmission type. If the predicted transmission cycle value is within the preset short cycle threshold and long cycle threshold, it is determined to be a normal transmission type. If the predicted transmission cycle value is greater than the preset long cycle threshold, it is determined to be a batch transmission type. The packet assembly module includes an attribute parsing unit and a packet execution unit. The attribute parsing unit retrieves the carbon neutralization data to be transmitted from the local database and parses the retrieved carbon neutralization data to be transmitted, extracting its attribute information. The carbon neutralization data to be transmitted is the carbon neutralization data that has been associated and stored by the data acquisition module and whose transmission type has been identified by the data identification module. The attribute information includes data generation time, data priority, data format, and total data volume. The packet execution unit obtains the attribute information of the carbon neutralization data to be transmitted, formulates a packetization protocol based on the maximum short message transmission length of the Beidou device, and divides the carbon neutralization data to be transmitted into multiple data packets according to the packetization protocol. At the same time, a packet header containing a data identifier, a packet sequence number, a total number of packets, and verification information is added to each data packet. The data identifier is a unique code generated based on the generation time of the carbon neutralization data and the data collection location. The verification information is a verification value calculated by using a cyclic verification algorithm on the effective data content portion actually carried in the data packet; the number of basic packets is optimized and adjusted according to data priority. For urgent transmission type data, a small packet multiple transmission strategy is adopted to reduce the effective carrying capacity of a single packet to 80% of the original, and the number of packets is increased to reduce the impact of single packet transmission failure. The transmission optimization module includes a path planning unit and a transmission scheduling unit. The module obtains the heat tags of each transmission node from the node reconstruction module, the data packet set from the packet assembly module, and the transmission type and corresponding transmission time of the carbon neutrality data from the data identification module. The path planning unit filters candidate transmission paths based on the heat tags of the transmission nodes. For each candidate transmission path, it calculates the transmission delay and data packet loss rate by combining the load heat value of the transmission node and the link bandwidth. The transmission delay of the candidate transmission path is the sum of the node processing delay and the link transmission delay. The data packet loss rate is predicted based on a correlation model between the node load heat value and historical packet loss records. A comprehensive evaluation of the transmission delay and data packet loss rate of each candidate transmission path is performed, and the candidate transmission path with the lowest transmission delay and lowest data packet loss rate is selected as the optimal transmission path. The transmission scheduling unit obtains the optimal transmission path from the path planning unit and obtains the priority and transmission time of each data packet from the packet assembly module. Based on the transmission time window and the priority of data packets, the transmission order of multiple data packets to be transmitted on the optimal transmission path is sorted according to the preset transmission rules. The preset transmission rules include: within the same time window, the transmission order of high-priority data packets takes precedence over medium-priority data packets, and medium-priority data packets take precedence over low-priority data packets; The transmission optimization module integrates the optimal transmission path and data packet transmission order to form a transmission optimization scheme; The packet reassembly module is also used at the receiving end to reassemble the data packets transmitted through the transmission optimization scheme based on the packet header information of each data packet, and recover the complete carbon neutrality data; after the receiving end feeds back the missing data packet information to the sending end, the packet reassembly module at the sending end retransmits the missing data packets until the receiving end obtains all the complete data packets and completes the reassembly. After planning the transmission optimization scheme, the transmission optimization module also monitors the load heat changes of the transmission nodes and the transmission status of data packets in real time. If the load heat of the transmission nodes exceeds the preset limit or the data packet transmission is abnormal, the transmission optimization scheme is replanned.

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