Method of weaving with selvedges

Abstract

This invention relates to the application of technology in the longitudinal direction (D) L A method for three-dimensionally weaving a fabric (200) between multiple warp yarns (201, 203) and multiple rows of weft yarns (202), wherein the weft yarns (202) are in the transverse direction (D T The fabric (200) extends laterally between the first selvage (221) and the second selvage (222) along the transverse direction (D). T The method is characterized in that at least one selvage (221, 222) includes a central portion extending from the transverse direction (D). T At least one main weave plane of the fabric (200), wherein the weft yarns (202) originating from the center portion (210) of the fabric (200) are interconnected in groups, and the weft yarns (202) of the same group are interwoven along the longitudinal direction (D). L Alignment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the weaving of fabrics using a jacquard loom, and particularly to the weaving of fabrics with significant thickness. Background Technology

[0002] Jacquard looms are typically used to produce fabrics by weaving in three dimensions between multiple layers of warp and weft yarns. Such looms are described in detail in particular in document FR3074195A1.

[0003] The loom is known to be equipped with a jacquard mechanism. The loom also includes a heald frame assembly, which includes control yarns or heald wires, with one end of each control yarn connected to a control element of the jacquard mechanism.

[0004] Each control yarn contains heald eyes through which the warp yarns pass. The control yarn and its associated heald eyes are capable of vertical movement. The control yarn allows some warp yarns to be lifted, thereby forming a shed, i.e., an opening between the lower and upper warp yarns. This opened shed allows the introduction of the weft yarn through a rapier. The rapier includes a bar, the end of which may be equipped with a yarn clamp that grips the weft yarn from the bobbin and passes it through the opening formed between the warp yarns in the shed. After the weft yarn is positioned in the shed, it is cut using a cutting tool. The loom also includes a reed, whose beating action can compress the weft yarn inserted into the shed.

[0005] However, it was discovered that during the weft insertion process, the inserted weft yarns were not properly blocked by the warp yarns at the fabric edges. If the weft yarn is not properly blocked during insertion, subsequent weft yarns may not be positioned correctly, thus failing to properly engage with the rapier, cutting tools, and any yarn guiding system. For example, misaligned weft yarns may not be clamped by the rapier. Therefore, the weft must be frequently interrupted to correct the anomaly. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To ensure that the inserted weft yarn is blocked, it has been proposed to use selvage warp yarns at the edge of the fabric to block the inserted weft yarn during the weaving process.

[0007] However, to ensure the weft yarns are adequately blocked by the selvage warp yarns, the interconnection between the weft and selvage warp yarns is very tight. Therefore, the yarn density in the selvage area is much higher than in the center of the fabric. This can lead to unwanted ripples or twists in the selvage area, or cause yarn jamming during reed beating. Furthermore, this can gradually cause misalignment between the selvage area and the center of the fabric during weaving on the loom, resulting in the higher-density selvage area advancing slower on the loom than the lower-density center area.

[0008] The more layers of yarn a fibrous fabric contains, the greater the problems with weft placement and density differences between the selvage area and the center of the fabric.

[0009] This invention aims to overcome the aforementioned deficiencies by proposing a selvage suitable for three-dimensional weaving. To this end, the invention proposes a method for three-dimensionally weaving a fabric between multiple warp yarns extending longitudinally and multiple rows of weft yarns (the weft yarns extending laterally), the fabric extending laterally between a first selvage and a second selvage, the fabric including a central portion existing between the selvages. The method is characterized in that at least one of the first or second selvage includes at least one main weaving plane perpendicular to the lateral direction, in which weft yarns originating from the central portion of the fabric are interconnected in groups, the weft yarns of the same group being aligned longitudinally.

[0010] Because of the presence of selvage, this weaving method ensures that the inserted weft yarn is properly blocked, thereby reducing the risk of misalignment of the inserted weft yarn and thus reducing abnormalities and interruptions in the weaving process.

[0011] By interconnecting the weft yarns in groups rather than individually within the selvage, the yarn density in the selvage is also reduced. This limits wavy patterns in the selvage, the risk of blockage during reed beating, and the gradual misalignment between the selvage and the center of the fabric during weaving. Furthermore, aligning the same group of weft yarns longitudinally further reduces misalignment between the selvage and the center of the fabric during weaving on the loom.

[0012] This method also eliminates the need for knitting needles, specifically tapered rollers with needle feet used to grip the selvage yarn, forcing the selvage to align with the center portion during knitting through rotation. In reality, the needle feet can damage the selvage yarn and only grip the surface yarn, causing a misalignment between the surface yarn of the selvage pulled by the needles and the core yarn not subjected to the needle's tension.

[0013] According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the weft yarn group in the main knitting plane consists of 2 to 7 weft yarns, preferably 2 to 5 weft yarns.

[0014] According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the main weave plane includes at least one portion, wherein the number of warp yarns in the first or second selvage that interconnect with the weft yarns of the same column of weft yarns originating from the central portion of the fabric is half the number of weft yarns in the column, i.e., less than the number of weft yarn layers.

[0015] Therefore, the number of warp yarns included in the selvage is reduced, thus limiting the yarn density.

[0016] According to another specific embodiment of the invention, at least the warp yarns of the first or second selvage are interconnected with the weft yarns in a satin or plain weave pattern in the main weave plane.

[0017] Satin or plain weave allows for a very strong interconnection between the weft yarns, resulting in very satisfactory weft yarn blocking during the weaving process.

[0018] At least the warp yarns of the first or second selvage can also be interconnected with the weft yarns in a twill weave pattern in the main weave plane.

[0019] The choice of weaving method depends on the number of weft yarns, the weft yarn count, and the weft yarn density in the group. Therefore, the higher the weft yarn density, the more likely a low warp yarn density weaving method will be chosen, that is, a weaving method that reduces the frequency of warp yarn interlacing by integrating warp yarn floats.

[0020] When the warp and weft yarns of at least the first or second selvage are interconnected in a satin or plain weave pattern in the main weave plane, there are two possible implementations. According to the first implementation, the weft yarns are interconnected to form multiple layers, each layer having a two-dimensional weave of satin or plain weave type in the main weave plane, and different layers are not interconnected with each other in the main weave plane. According to the second implementation, the weft yarns are interconnected to form multiple layers, each layer having a two-dimensional weave of satin or plain weave type in the main weave plane, and different layers are interconnected in the main weave plane through partial interconnections.

[0021] According to another specific embodiment of the invention, the warp and weft yarns of at least the first or second selvage are interconnected in a three-dimensional weave in the main weave plane. For example, the warp yarns of at least the first or second selvage may be interconnected in an interlocking weave in the main weave plane. Various three-dimensional weave patterns are described in document WO2006 / 136755.

[0022] Using three-dimensional weaving can further reduce the yarn density required to block the weft yarn.

[0023] According to a particular embodiment of the invention, at least the first or second selvage further includes at least one secondary weaving plane perpendicular to the transverse direction, wherein the warp yarns are arranged on both sides of the weft yarn group, the weft yarn group comprising one or more rows of identical weft yarns originating from the central portion of the fabric.

[0024] One or more secondary knitting planes are used to supplement the primary knitting plane. While the primary knitting plane effectively blocks weft yarns in the transverse direction, it may not be able to properly block weft yarn groups in the fabric thickness direction perpendicular to both the longitudinal and transverse directions. Therefore, using such secondary knitting planes allows for the blocking of different weft yarn groups along the thickness direction.

[0025] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the number of warp yarns in the secondary weaving plane is two.

[0026] Therefore, the warp density in the secondary weave plane is lower, allowing for an overall reduction in the yarn density at the selvage.

[0027] According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the weaving plane closest to the first or second selvage of the fabric is the secondary weaving plane.

[0028] Therefore, the weft threads inserted into the thickness of the fiber fabric are better accommodated, thus avoiding deformation of the central part of the fabric.

[0029] According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the weaving plane of the first or second selvage furthest from the fabric is the secondary weaving plane.

[0030] Therefore, the ends of the selvage are well held and compacted, and are unlikely to separate in the thickness direction.

[0031] According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the first or second selvage transversely comprises no more than four consecutive main weave planes.

[0032] According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the number of weft yarns in each row of weft yarns in the central portion of the fabric decreases longitudinally, while the number of warp yarns in the weaving plane of the first or second selvage remains constant longitudinally.

[0033] Maintaining a constant number of warp yarns longitudinally within the weaving plane of the selvage, i.e., by not allowing the selvage warp yarns to exit, avoids free and uninterconnected selvage warp yarns, thus preventing them from easily breaking and causing weaving interruptions. In this way, all warp yarns used in the selvage are firmly connected, making it less likely to cause abnormalities or defects in the selvage weaving.

[0034] According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the fabric is intended to form a fiber reinforcement for composite material components of an aero-engine.

[0035] The present invention also proposes a method for manufacturing composite material components, comprising:

[0036] - Weave fabric by implementing the above weaving method.

[0037] - The obtained woven fabric is shaped to obtain a preform of the component to be manufactured.

[0038] - Densification of preforms through a matrix to obtain composite components, the reinforcement of which is formed from the preforms. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 It is a schematic perspective view of a jacquard loom used to produce woven fabrics.

[0040] Figure 2 It shows that it belongs to Figure 1 The weaving plane of the central part of the woven fabric.

[0041] Figure 3 It shows that it belongs to Figure 1 The main weaving plane of the selvage of the woven fabric.

[0042] Figure 4It shows that it belongs to Figure 1 The secondary weave plane of the selvage of the woven fabric.

[0043] Figure 5 The weave plane, which belongs to the central part of the woven fabric, is shown, where the number of weft yarns decreases along the longitudinal direction.

[0044] Figure 6 It shows that it belongs to Figure 5 The main weaving plane of the selvage of the woven fabric. Detailed Implementation

[0045] This invention generally applies to a three-dimensional weaving method for producing woven fabrics between warp and weft layers. "Three-dimensional weaving" here refers to a weaving pattern in which at least some warp yarns are interconnected with multiple layers of weft yarns. To improve surface condition, the woven fabric produced by three-dimensional weaving may incorporate another weaving pattern, such as two-dimensional weaving, on its surface. Furthermore, to ensure weft yarn obstruction at the fabric edges, the woven fabric produced by three-dimensional weaving may incorporate another weaving pattern at its selvage.

[0046] Woven fabrics can be produced using, for example, interlocking, multi-twill, or multi-satin weaves in three-dimensional weaving. Different three-dimensional weaving patterns that can be used to form woven fabrics are described in document WO2006 / 136755.

[0047] Figure 1 A loom 100 for implementing the weaving method of the present invention is shown. The loom 100 according to the present invention is capable of obtaining a woven fabric 200 by weaving multiple layers of warp yarns 201 and 203 with multiple layers of weft yarns 202. The warp yarns 201 and 203 are along the longitudinal direction D... L Extend, weft yarn 202 along the transverse direction D T Extend, horizontal D T Perpendicular to the longitudinal direction D L .

[0048] Therefore, the length of the woven fabric 200 along the longitudinal direction D L Extend, width along the horizontal direction D T Extend, thickness along the vertical direction D T and horizontal D L thickness direction D E extend.

[0049] The loom is equipped with a jacquard mechanism 110, which consists of... Figure 1 The upper structure support is not shown. The loom 100 also includes a heald frame assembly 120, which contains control yarns or heald threads 121, one end of each control yarn 121 being connected to a control element 111 of the jacquard mechanism 110. Figure 1In the illustrated embodiment, one end of each control yarn 121 is connected to a control hook 111 of the jacquard mechanism 110, and the other end is connected to a return spring 112 fixed to the frame 113 of the loom 100. The control yarn 121 extends along the thickness direction D... E Further, the heddle frame assembly 120 may also include a strapping plate 122.

[0050] Each control yarn 121 includes a heald eye 121a through which warp yarns 201 and 203 pass. Each warp yarn 201 or 203 of the loom 100 passes through the heald eye 121a of the heald frame assembly 120. The warp yarns 201 or 203 are arranged in multiple horizontal layers and vertical columns at the heald frame assembly 120 of the loom 100. These horizontal layers and vertical columns are controlled by the loom 100 to insert the weft yarn 202 according to a weaving pattern set in the loom 100. The weft yarn 202 is inserted between the warp yarns 201 or 203 along the thickness direction D. E Extended into rows. To introduce each weft yarn 202 during the weaving process of fabric 200, the loom 100 is equipped with a warp yarn take-up system 201, 203. Figure 1 (Not shown in the image). This system is located downstream of the loom 100 and its function is to hold all the warp yarns 201 and 203 together in the gripping device and allow the warp yarns 102 and 203 to move longitudinally along the D direction after each weft yarn 202 is inserted. L Advance a predetermined distance.

[0051] The terms "upstream" and "downstream" here refer to the direction of travel of the warp yarns 201 and 203 in the loom 100 (i.e., along the longitudinal direction D). L The direction of weaving is defined.

[0052] Control yarn 121 and its associated heddle 121a can be controlled along the thickness direction D E Move. In Figure 1 In this configuration, all control yarns 121 are in a neutral position, and the jacquard mechanism 110 does not apply traction. With no weft yarn 202 inserted, all warp yarns 201 are parallel to the longitudinal direction D. L extend.

[0053] During the insertion of the weft yarn 202, a portion of the control yarn 121 is subjected to traction force applied by the control hook 111. In this configuration, the control yarn allows the warp yarns to be raised or lowered in order to separate the upper warp web from the lower warp web through an opening called the shed.

[0054] The loom 100 also includes a rapier 130 located downstream of the control yarn 121. The rapier 130 consists of a rod 131, the first end of which is connected to the drive system. Figure 1 (not shown in the image), thus enabling the rod 131 to be driven along the transverse direction D. TThe loom moves back and forth. The path of the rapier 130 can be fixed relative to the frame 113 of the loom 100. A yarn clamp 132 is provided at the other end of the rapier 131. As the rapier 131 moves outward through the shed, the yarn clamp 132 can clamp the weft yarn 202 stored on the bobbin 140 so that it can be unwound in the shed as the rapier 131 returns. The weft yarn 202 thus placed inside the shed is then cut near the bobbin 140 by a cutting tool 150 and released at its other end by the yarn clamp 132. The comb 160, which is in a stationary position upstream of the rapier 130 and downstream of the heald frame assembly 120, is then folded downward to pack the weft yarn 202 introduced into the shed.

[0055] The loom 100 may also include a guiding device comprising components configured to contact the woven fabric 200 and located on the fabric 200 along the thickness direction D. E The guide device, located downstream of the multiple control yarns 121 and the rapier 130, has a lower claw and at least one upper claw on each side. This guide device is capable of guiding along the thickness direction D. E The movement allows the woven fabric 200 to move upwards or downwards. This guiding device allows adjustment of the woven fabric 200 along the thickness direction D. E The position is adjusted to facilitate the insertion of the weft yarn 202.

[0056] The weaving method according to the invention allows for the fabrication of a transverse D-axis between the first selvage 221 and the second selvage 222. T Extended woven fabric 200. First selvage 221 and second selvage 222 are along the longitudinal direction D of the woven fabric 200. L Extended. Preferably, the first selvage 221 and the second selvage 222 extend along the longitudinal direction D over the entire length of the woven fabric 200. L The woven fabric 200 includes a central portion 210 extending between a first selvage 221 and a second selvage 222. Preferably, the central portion 210 of the woven fabric 200 extends from the first selvage 221 to the second selvage 222.

[0057] The guiding device described above allows for insertion of the weft yarn 202 along the thickness direction D. E Adjust the position of the center portion 210 of the fabric 200. The guide device also allows for insertion of the weft yarn 202 along the thickness direction D. E Adjust the positions of selvedges 221 and 222. The guide device preferably allows for movement along the thickness direction D. E Adjust the positions of selvages 221 and 222, and align them with the center portion 210 along the thickness direction D. E The position adjustment is irrelevant. Therefore, selvedges 221 and 222 can be fixed by the upper and lower claws of the guide device (different from the upper and lower claws of the guide device of the fixed center portion 210).

[0058] When the central portion 210 of the fiber fabric has a portion in which the number of weft yarns in each row is greater than or equal to 6, the woven fabric 200 along the thickness direction D E The correct positioning (i.e., the center part 210 and the selvages 211 and 222 along the thickness direction D) E The correct positioning is especially important to ensure that the weft yarn is correctly inserted by the rapier 130.

[0059] The central portion 210 of the woven fabric 200 is made by three-dimensional weaving between multiple central warp yarns 201 and multiple weft yarns 202.

[0060] Figure 2 The central portion 210 of the woven fabric 200 is shown perpendicular to the transverse direction D. T A portion of an exemplary woven plane. Specifically, Figure 2 The exemplary weft yarns 202 of the central portion 210, namely N, N+1, N+2 and N+3, are shown.

[0061] exist Figure 2 In the illustrated embodiment, each column (N, N+1, N+2, and N+3) of weft yarn 202 in the central portion 210 contains 12 weft yarns 202. Of course, if one or more columns of weft yarn in the central portion contain more than 12 weft yarns, it does not exceed the scope of the invention.

[0062] The Nth, N+1th, N+2th, and N+3rd column weft yarns 202 in the central portion 210 of the woven fabric 200 are woven with multiple central warp yarns 201 in a three-dimensional manner. Figure 2 In the illustrated embodiment, the central warp yarn 201 and weft yarn 202 are woven in a multi-twill weave in the central portion 210. Of course, if the central warp yarn 201 and weft yarn 202 are woven in a different three-dimensional weave in the central portion 210, it would not exceed the scope of the present invention.

[0063] The first and second selvages 221 and 222 are formed by weaving multiple selvage warp yarns 203 with multiple weft yarns 202. The weft yarns 202 in the first or second selvage 221 or 222 are woven with the multiple selvage warp yarns 203. The selvage warp yarns 203 are arranged perpendicular to the transverse direction D. T The continuous woven plane is interconnected with the weft yarn 202 in the selvage 221 or 222.

[0064] Preferably, the diameter of the warp yarns 203 present in selvage 221 or 222 is smaller than the diameter of the warp yarns 201 present in the center portion 210 of the fabric 200, so as to better block the weft yarns 202 in selvage 221 and 222. Preferably, the average diameter of the warp yarns 203 present in selvage 221 or 222 is 6 to 10 times smaller than the average diameter of the warp yarns 201 in the center portion 210.

[0065] The warp yarns 203 in selvage 221 or 222 may be made of a different material than the warp yarns 201 in the center portion 210. For example, the warp yarns 203 present in selvage 221 or 222 may be made of polyester, for example, having a count of 220 tex.

[0066] At least a portion of the weaving plane (in which the selvage warp yarns 203 and weft yarns 202 are woven into a first or second selvage 221 or 222) is the main weaving plane. The main weaving plane is a weaving plane in which weft yarns 202 originating from the same column of weft yarns 202 in the central portion 210 are interconnected in groups via selvage warp yarns 203, with the same group of weft yarns 202 along the longitudinal direction D. L Alignment.

[0067] exist Figure 3 and Figure 4 In the illustrated embodiment, the weft yarns 202 originating from the same column of weft yarns 202 in the central portion 210 are interconnected to the ground via selvage warp yarns 203, and the same pair of weft yarns 202 are connected along the longitudinal direction D. L Alignment. This forms a group containing only two weft yarns 202. Of course, if a group contains more than two weft yarns, it does not exceed the scope of the invention. For example, weft yarns originating from the same column of weft yarns in the central portion can be interconnected in threes by selvage warp yarns 203, with the weft yarns in the same group running longitudinally along D. L Alignment.

[0068] These groups may contain only two to seven weft yarns, or even only two to five weft yarns. Preferably, groups within the main knitting plane bring together the same number of weft yarns. Preferably, groups within the secondary knitting plane bring together the same number of weft yarns.

[0069] According to the present invention, a group of weft yarns brings together at least two weft yarns. "Group interconnection" refers to the interconnection of all weft yarns 202 not existing on the surface of the same column of weft yarns 202 originating from the central portion 210. Weft yarns 202 existing on the surface of selvedge 221 or 222 may be interconnected individually or in smaller quantities. Therefore, preferably, in the main knitting plane, each group of weft yarns 202 originating from the same column of weft yarns 202 that are not interconnected in a group has at most two weft yarns 202.

[0070] A single selvage 221 or 222 may contain a single main knitting plane or multiple main knitting planes. Preferably, a single selvage 221 or 222 contains at least two main knitting planes to ensure good blocking of the weft yarns. A single selvage 221 or 222 may contain different main knitting planes, that is, the weft yarns 202 originating from the same column of weft yarns 202 in the center portion 210 are interconnected from one main knitting plane to another according to different groups.

[0071] Preferably, in the main weave plane, the selvage warp yarns 203 are interconnected with the weft yarns 202 in a satin or plain weave pattern. In fact, the satin or plain weave pattern allows the weft yarns 202 to be firmly interconnected, thus ensuring that the weft yarns are blocked at selvage 221 or 222. Preferably, if the diameter of the weft yarn 202 is large, for example, greater than or equal to 2 mm, the selvage warp yarns 203 will be interconnected with the weft yarns 202 in the main weave plane in a satin weave pattern. Conversely, if the diameter of the weft yarn 202 is small, for example, less than 2 mm, the selvage warp yarns 203 will be interconnected with the weft yarns 202 in the main weave plane in a plain weave pattern. Generally, if the density of the weft yarns 202 in the central portion 210 of the fabric 200 is high, i.e., the density in each weave plane is greater than 4 yarns per centimeter, the selvage warp yarns 203 will be interconnected with the weft yarns 202 in the main weave plane in a satin weave pattern. Conversely, if the density of the weft yarns 202 in the central portion 210 of fabric 200 is low, i.e., the density in each weave plane is less than or equal to 4 yarns per centimeter, then the selvage warp yarns 203 will be interwoven with the weft yarns 202 in the main weave plane using a plain weave. More generally, the choice of weave method needs to take into account the weft yarn density, weft yarn count, and the number of weft yarns that need to be blocked.

[0072] Figure 3 The first or second selvage 221 or 222 of the woven fabric 200 is shown perpendicular to the transverse direction D. T A portion of an exemplary main knitting plane. Figure 3 The weft yarn 202 shown is Figure 2 The weft yarns 202 in columns N, N+1, N+2 and N+3 of the central portion 210 shown.

[0073] exist Figure 3In the illustrated embodiment, selvage warp yarns 2031, 2032, 2033, 2034, 2035, and 2036 are interconnected in pairs with the weft yarns 202 of the same column (N, N+1, N+2, and N+3) of the central portion 210. For example, the first selvage warp yarn 2031 is interconnected with the first and second weft yarns of the first column of N weft yarns 202 in the central portion 210, the second selvage warp yarn 2032 is interconnected with the third and fourth weft yarns of the first column of N weft yarns 202 in the central portion 210, the third selvage warp yarn 2033 is interconnected with the fifth and sixth weft yarns of the first column of N weft yarns 202 in the central portion 210, and so on. For example, the first selvage warp yarn 2031 is interconnected with the first and second weft yarns of the first column N weft yarn 202 of the center portion 210, the first and second weft yarns of the second column N+1 weft yarn 202 of the center portion 210, the first and second weft yarns of the third column N+2 weft yarn 202 of the center portion 210, and the first and second weft yarns of the fourth column N+3 weft yarn 202 of the center portion 210.

[0074] The number of selvage warp yarns 203 in each main weaving plane is preferably less than the number of warp yarns perpendicular to the transverse direction in the center portion 210 of the fabric 200. T The number of center warp yarns 201 in each weaving plane. Preferably, the first weaving plane includes at least one portion in which the number of selvage warp yarns 203 interconnecting with the weft yarns 202 of the same column originating from the center portion 210 is half the number of weft yarns 202 in that column. When the number of weft yarns 202 of the same column originating from the center portion 210 is odd, "half the number of weft yarns" means a larger integer up to half the number of weft yarns.

[0075] Furthermore, preferably, at least a portion of the weave plane in which the selvage warp yarns 203 and weft yarns 202 are woven in the first or second selvage 221 or 222 is a secondary weave plane. A secondary weave plane is a weave plane in which the selvage warp yarns 203 are positioned on both sides of a weft yarn group 202, which includes one or more rows of identical weft yarns 202 originating from the center portion 210 of the fabric 200. Therefore, in the secondary weave plane, the selvage warp yarns 203 are present on the upper or lower surface of the selvage 221 or 222, at the level of each weft yarn row originating from the center portion 210 of the fabric 200. Thus, the secondary weave plane includes at least two selvage warp yarns 203. Preferably, the secondary weave plane includes only two selvage warp yarns 203 to ensure the retention of the weft yarns 202 while limiting the yarn density in the selvage 221 or 222.

[0076] Therefore, the secondary weave plane can interconnect all 202 layers of weft yarns, thereby making them oriented along the thickness direction D. EGood maintenance. The secondary weave plane is complementary to the main weave plane to ensure good maintenance along the thickness direction D in the selvage 221 or 222 of the fabric 200. E Blocking weft yarn 202. In fact, the main knitting plane can be blocked along the transverse direction D by interconnecting groups of weft yarns 202. T The weft yarns are blocked, but the groups are poorly interconnected. By using a secondary weaving plane (where the selvage warp 203 is positioned on both sides of all weft yarn 202 groups originating from the same column of weft yarns 202), the groups can be tightly connected to each other.

[0077] Figure 4 The first selvage 221 or the second selvage 222 of the woven fabric 200 is shown perpendicular to the transverse direction D. T A portion of an exemplary sub-woven plane. Figure 4 The weft yarn 202 shown is Figure 2 and Figure 3 The weft yarns 202 in columns N, N+1, N+2 and N+3 of the central portion 210 shown.

[0078] exist Figure 4 In the illustrated embodiment, selvage warp yarns 2038 and 2039 are disposed on both sides of a set of weft yarns 202 (which includes weft yarns 202 originating from the first N and second N+1 weft yarns 202 of the central portion 210 of the fabric 200) and a set of weft yarns 202 (which includes weft yarns 202 originating from the third N+2 and fourth N+3 weft yarns 202 of the central portion 210 of the fabric 200). Therefore, selvage warp yarn 2038 exists on the upper surface of selvage 221 or 222 at the level of the first N and second N+1 weft yarns originating from the central portion 210, and on the lower surface of selvage 221 or 222 at the level of the third N+2 and fourth N+3 weft yarns originating from the central portion 210. Conversely, the selvage warp 2039 exists on the lower surface of the selvage 221 or 222 at the level of the first N and second N+1 weft yarns originating from the center portion 210, and on the upper surface of the selvage 221 or 222 at the level of the third N+2 and fourth N+3 weft yarns originating from the center portion 210.

[0079] Preferably, the weave plane closest to the center portion 210 of the selvage 221 or 222 is one or more sub-weave planes. Therefore, the weft yarns inserted into the thickness of the fibrous fabric are better accommodated, thereby preventing deformation of the central portion of the fabric.

[0080] Preferably, the weave plane furthest from the center portion 210 at selvage 221 or 222 is one or more secondary weave planes. Therefore, the ends of the selvage can be well held and compacted, and are not easily separated in the thickness direction.

[0081] Preferably, in selvage 221 or 222, along the transverse direction D T The arrangement sequence of the weave planes is achieved by combining two consecutive secondary weave planes with four consecutive primary weave planes along the transverse direction D. T This is achieved through alternating arrangements. This sequence of weave planar arrangements is particularly effective at blocking the weft yarn 202, achieving [the desired effect] along the transverse direction D. T Blocking weft yarn 202 (due to the main knitting plane) and along the thickness direction D E The optimal balance between gathering and blocking all weft yarns 202 is achieved. In particular, it is desirable to avoid [this] along the transverse direction D. T There are more than four consecutive main knitting planes. In practice, by inserting one or more secondary knitting planes to avoid exceeding four consecutive main knitting planes, the selvage can be made more even in the thickness direction D. E It can better accommodate.

[0082] Ideally, the selvage should be perpendicular to the horizontal direction (D). T In each primary or secondary weaving plane, the number of selvage warp yarns woven along the longitudinal direction D L Maintain a constant number of selvage warps. In fact, removing selvage warps during the weaving process in the longitudinal direction creates loose selvage warps that are prone to breakage. However, breakage of selvage warps can lead to weaving abnormalities at the selvage and even in the center of the fabric, and may require unnecessary interruptions to the weaving. By maintaining a constant number of selvage warps in the weaving longitudinal direction, such as... Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, this ensures that the selvage warp yarns are firmly connected and reduces the risk of breakage.

[0083] Figure 5 and Figure 6 It shows the longitudinal direction D L An exemplary implementation of a woven fabric with varying thickness. Figure 5 and Figure 6 The woven fabric shown includes a central portion 310 and one or more selvages 310. The woven fabric is made by three-dimensional weaving of multiple warp yarns 301 and 303 with multiple weft yarns 202. Figure 5 and Figure 6 The woven fabric shown can be used Figure 1 The loom 100 shown is made.

[0084] The central portion 310 of the woven fabric is made by three-dimensional weaving between multiple central warp yarns 301 and multiple weft yarns 302.

[0085] Figure 5 The central portion 310 of the woven fabric is shown perpendicular to the transverse direction D. T A portion of an exemplary woven plane. Specifically, Figure 5Nine columns of weft yarns 302, M, M+1, M+2, M+3, M+4, M+5, M+6, M+7 and M+8, are shown in the exemplary woven plane of the central portion 310.

[0086] exist Figure 5 In the illustrated embodiment, the first column M and the second column M+1 weft yarns 302 of the central portion 310 each contain 12 weft yarns 202. Between the first column M weft yarns and the ninth column M+8 weft yarns, the number of weft yarns 202 in each column of weft yarns 202 is along the longitudinal direction D. L Reduce. Therefore, in Figure 5 In the embodiment shown, the ninth column M+8 weft yarn contains only 8 weft yarns 202.

[0087] exist Figure 5 In the embodiment shown, the weft yarn 202 is along the longitudinal direction D L The reduction in the number of center warp yarns 301 is accompanied by a reduction in the number of center warp yarns 301, that is, the center warp yarns 301 exit from the fiber fabric. Of course, this is not beyond the scope of the invention if the central portion 310 of the woven fabric does not contain any center warp yarn exits.

[0088] The weft yarns 302, originating from the central portion 310 of the woven fabric, in columns M, M+1, M+2, M+3, M+4, M+5, M+6, M+7, and M+8, are three-dimensionally woven with multiple central warp yarns 301. Figure 5 In the illustrated embodiment, the center warp yarn 301 and weft yarn 302 are woven in an interlocking manner in the center portion 310. Of course, if the center warp yarn 301 and weft yarn 302 are woven in a different three-dimensional weaving manner in the center portion 310, it would not exceed the scope of the invention. To obtain the surface state of interest of the center portion 310, different weaving methods can be used on the surface of the center portion 310. Therefore, in Figure 5 In the illustrated embodiment, the central portion 310 includes a multi-layered satin weave on the surface.

[0089] The selvage 322 is made by weaving together multiple selvage warp yarns 303 and multiple weft yarns 302. In the selvage 322, perpendicular to the transverse direction D... T In the continuous weaving plane, the selvage warp yarn 303 and weft yarn 302 are interconnected.

[0090] At least a portion of the weaving plane woven in the first selvage 221 or the second selvage 222 is the main weaving plane as described above.

[0091] Figure 6 The selvage 322 of the woven fabric is shown perpendicular to the transverse direction D. T A portion of an exemplary main knitting plane. Figure 6 The weft yarn 302 shown is Figure 5 The weft yarns 302 of columns M, M+1, M+2, M+3, M+4, M+5, M+6, M+7 and M+8 of the central portion 310 shown.

[0092] exist Figure 6 In the illustrated embodiment, the selvage warp yarns 3031, 3032, 3033, 3034, 3035, and 3036 are interconnected in pairs with the weft yarns 302 of the same column of weft yarns 302 (M, M+1, M+2, M+3, M+4, M+5, M+6, M+7, and M+8) originating from the central portion 310. For example, the first selvage warp yarn 3031 is interconnected with the first and second weft yarns of the first column of weft yarns 302 in the central portion 310; the second selvage warp yarn 3032 is interconnected with the third and fourth weft yarns of the first column of weft yarns 302 in the central portion 310; the third selvage warp yarn 3033 is interconnected with the fifth and sixth weft yarns of the first column of weft yarns 302 in the central portion 310, and so on. For example, the first selvage warp yarn 3031 is interconnected with the first and second weft yarns of the first column M weft yarn 302 of the center portion 310, the first and second weft yarns of the second column M+1 weft yarn 302 of the center portion 310, the first and second weft yarns of the third column M+2 weft yarn 302 of the center portion 310, and the first and second weft yarns of the fourth column M+3 weft yarn 302 of the center portion 310.

[0093] Preferably, such as Figure 6 As shown, the first weave plane includes at least one portion in which the number of selvage warp yarns 303 interconnecting with the weft yarns 302 of the same column of weft yarns 302 originating from the center portion 310 is half the number of weft yarns 302 in that column. When the number of weft yarns 302 of the same column of weft yarns originating from the center portion 310 is odd, "half the number of weft yarns" refers to a larger integer up to half the number of weft yarns. Figure 6 In the embodiment shown, the first weaving plane actually includes a portion in which the number of selvage warp yarns 303 interconnected with the weft yarns 302 of the same column of weft yarns 302 originating from the central portion 310 is half the number of weft yarns 302 of the column, and this portion includes the M, M+1, M+2 and M+3 columns of weft yarns 302.

[0094] Furthermore, preferably, at least a portion of the weaving plane in which the selvage warp yarns 303 and weft yarns 302 are woven into the first selvage 121 or the second selvage 122 is a secondary weaving plane as described above.

[0095] Preferably, each main or secondary weaving plane (perpendicular to the transverse D) of the selvage 322 is woven into. T The number of selvage warp yarns 303 along the longitudinal direction D) LIt remains constant, even if the thickness of the central portion 310 or the number of weft yarns varies. In fact, in the longitudinal direction D L Removing the selvage warp 303 during the weaving process creates easily breakable free selvage warp yarns. However, breakage of these selvage warp yarns can lead to weaving abnormalities at the selvage and even in the center of the fabric, potentially requiring weaving to be interrupted. This can be addressed by adjusting the selvage warp yarns along the longitudinal direction (D). L Maintain a constant number of selvage warp yarns 303, such as Figure 6 As shown, this ensures that the selvage yarns 303 are firmly connected and have a low risk of breakage, even when the number of weft yarns 302 in each column of weft yarns 302 in the central portion 310 is along the longitudinal direction D. L The same applies when reducing.

[0096] The warp and weft yarns used in this invention, particularly the warp and weft yarns in the central portion, can be fibers, such as carbon fiber, glass fiber, or ceramic fiber, or mixtures of these fibers. Specifically, the woven fabric can be made of fibers composed of silicon carbide, alumina, mullite, silica, aluminosilicate, borosilicate, or mixtures of several of these materials.

[0097] Therefore, woven fabrics can be used to form fiber reinforcements for composite material components such as ceramic matrix composites (CMC) or organic matrix composites (OMC). Woven fabrics can thus be used to form fiber reinforcements for composite material components in aero-engines, such as aero-engine blades. In fact, using organic matrix composites (OMC) and ceramic matrix composites (CMC) to replace metallic materials in aero-engines helps optimize aircraft performance, particularly by improving turbine efficiency and reducing the overall mass of the engine, thereby significantly reducing harmful emissions to the environment.

[0098] Therefore, the woven fabric obtained by the above weaving method can be formed to obtain a fiber preform for the part to be manufactured. The forming step may include pressing to obtain the desired fiber volume ratio in each part of the fiber preform.

[0099] The fiber preform can then be densified to form a matrix within its pores, thereby obtaining a composite component. Densification of the fiber preform can be performed in well-known manner: impregnating the preform with one or more matrix precursors, followed by treating the impregnated preform to form a matrix. Therefore, densification can be performed in well-known manner: via injection molding techniques such as resin injection molding or resin transfer molding (RTM), suspension injection molding or slurry transfer molding (STM), or via flexible membrane injection. Densification or consolidation of the fiber preform can also be performed via well-known chemical vapor infiltration (CVI).

[0100] The selvage of the fibrous fabric is preferably retained in the final part. However, removing all or part of the selvage of the fibrous fabric after weaving does not exceed the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. Along the longitudinal direction (D) L A method for three-dimensionally weaving a fabric (200) between multiple warp yarns (201, 203; 301, 303) and multiple weft yarns (202; 302), wherein the weft yarns (202; 302) are oriented laterally (D... T ) extends, the fabric (200) along the transverse (D) between the first selvage (221) and the second selvage (222; 322). T The fabric (200) extends to include a central portion (210; 310) located between selvages (211, 222; 322). The method is characterized in that at least one of the first or second selvage (211, 222; 322) includes a section perpendicular to the transverse direction (D). T At least one main weaving plane of the fabric (200), wherein weft yarns (202; 302) originating from the central portion (210; 310) of the fabric (200) are interconnected in groups, and the weft yarns (202; 302) of the same group are interwoven along the longitudinal direction (D). L Alignment.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the weft yarn (202; 302) group in the main knitting plane gathers 2 to 7 weft yarns (202; 302) together.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the main weaving plane comprises at least one portion in which the number of warp yarns (203, 303) in the first or second selvage (211, 222, 322) interconnecting with the weft yarns (202, 302) of the same column of weft yarns (202, 302) originating from the central portion (210, 310) of the fabric (200) is half the number of weft yarns (202, 302) in the column.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the warp yarns (203; 303) of at least the first or second selvage (211, 222; 322) are interconnected with the weft yarns (202; 302) in a satin or plain weave in the main weave plane.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least the first or second selvage (211, 222; 322) further comprises a section perpendicular to the transverse direction (D). T At least one secondary weaving plane of the fabric (200), wherein warp yarns (203; 303) are arranged on both sides of a group of weft yarns (202; 302), the group of weft yarns comprising one or more rows of identical rows of weft yarns (202; 302) originating from the central portion (210; 310) of the fabric (200).

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the number of warp yarns (203; 303) in the secondary weaving plane is two.

7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the weaving plane of the first or second selvage (211, 222; 322) closest to the fabric (200) is the secondary weaving plane.

8. The method according to claim 5, wherein the weaving plane of the first or second selvage (211, 222; 322) furthest from the fabric (200) is a secondary weaving plane.

9. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first or second selvage (211, 222; 322) is along the transverse direction (D T It includes no more than four consecutive main weave planes.

10. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the number of weft yarns (302) in each row of weft yarns (302) of the central portion (310) of the fabric along the longitudinal direction (D) L The number of warp yarns (303) in the weaving plane of the first or second selvage (322) is reduced along the longitudinal direction (D). L () Remain constant.

11. A method for manufacturing a composite material component, comprising: - Weave the fabric (200) by implementing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 10. - The obtained woven fabric (200) is shaped to obtain a preform of the part to be manufactured. - Densification of the preform through a matrix to obtain a composite component, wherein the reinforcement of the composite component is formed from the preform.

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