A soil preparation machine with self-adaptive adjustment of a soil breaking roller

Abstract

The application discloses a soil breaking roller self-adaptive adjusting land preparation machine applied to the field of agricultural land preparation equipment, and replaces a single integral soil breaking roller with multiple independent soil breaking units; the multiple independent soil breaking units can be self-adaptively adjusted according to the hardness of the contacted ground, the breaking teeth are increased to improve the damage intensity to the ground when hard ground is encountered, the self-adaptively adjusting soil breaking function of the soil breaking units is realized according to the ground intensity, and the self-adaptively adjusting systems of the multiple soil breaking units are independent of each other; even if the self-adaptively adjusting system of a single soil breaking unit is damaged, it is not easy to cause a major impact on the land preparation work, the fault soil breaking unit is replaced to eliminate the fault, the maintenance cost is reduced, compared with the integral soil breaking roller, the independent soil breaking unit is applicable to not only broad and flat fields but also fields with low flatness, and the best soil loosening effect can be easily achieved, and thus the land preparation effect is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural land preparation equipment, and in particular to a land preparation machine with adaptive adjustment of the soil-crushing roller. Background Technology

[0002] Land preparation machines are a general term for agricultural machinery used to break up, level, and compact soil after tillage. Their core function is to break up large clods of soil, level the land, and moderately compact the soil, creating an ideal seedbed that is "loose, broken, level, and clean" for sowing and crop growth. Common types include disc harrows that use discs to break up soil clods, rotary tillers that rotate at high speeds to break up soil, and combined land preparation machines that complete multiple tasks in one operation. As a key piece of equipment in modern precision agriculture, it can significantly improve sowing quality, conserve water and moisture, and lay a solid foundation for high crop yields.

[0003] The invention patent with publication number CN104303629B discloses a combined tillage machine, which consists of two frames, each equipped with nine evenly distributed plow assemblies. According to different tillage needs, the height of the soil-crushing roller can be adjusted by means of a pin shaft, and the height of the combined tillage machine assembly can be adjusted by means of a hydraulic control cylinder for adjusting the walking wheels of the tractor. This allows for the required tillage depth under different soil and tillage requirements, ensuring good deep loosening effect and high land flatness after deep loosening.

[0004] The invention patent application with publication number CN104160799B discloses a deep tillage and soil-breaking combined land preparation machine, equipped with a serrated soil-breaking roller. It can achieve the effect of deep tillage and soil breaking in one operation, with high work efficiency. During the tillage process, the height of the soil-breaking roller can be adjusted according to different tillage needs, either by a pin shaft or by a hydraulic cylinder. At the same time, the height of the plow assembly can be adjusted by the tractor hydraulic suspension to achieve the required tillage depth under different soil and tillage requirements, ensuring good deep tillage effect and high land flatness after deep tillage.

[0005] In existing technologies, soil-breaking rollers are mostly integrated structures. When adjusting the soil-breaking roller, the entire roller is adjusted. This type of soil-breaking roller is suitable for field cultivation in vast plains. However, in some areas, the soil hardness varies significantly or there are local small-scale undulations. Directly adjusting the entire soil-breaking roller cannot guarantee its applicability to the entire field, making it difficult to achieve the best soil loosening effect, and thus affecting the land preparation effect. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Technical problems to be solved The core of this invention lies in solving the problem in existing technologies where a single soil-crushing roller is unable to adapt to significant differences in relative soil hardness or localized small-scale undulations by setting the soil-crushing roller into multiple independent soil-crushing units. Simultaneously, the inclusion of a capture frame, sponge pad, and capture units enriches and captures flocculent impurities that may appear during hydraulic oil use, increasing the service life of the soil-crushing units.

[0007] Technical solution To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution.

[0008] A soil-breaking roller adaptive adjustment land preparation machine includes a traction device, one end of which is fixedly connected to a fork-shaped frame, a rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the fork-shaped frame, multiple soil-breaking units are sleeved on the rotating shaft, and a limiting cover is sleeved on the outside of each of the multiple soil-breaking units. A fixing frame is fixedly connected to the fork-shaped frame, and the fixing frame sequentially passes through and fixes the multiple limiting covers. Multiple soil-breaking units each include a soil-breaking body. The soil-breaking body has a hydraulic chamber and a transition chamber, with the transition chamber located outside the hydraulic chamber. The soil-breaking body has multiple connecting through holes, all of which connect the hydraulic chamber and the transition chamber. Multiple breaking teeth are inserted into the soil-breaking body, with positions matching the connecting through holes. Each breaking tooth includes a movable end. The end of the movable end away from the soil-breaking body is fixedly connected to a working end. The end of the movable end away from the working end passes through the transition chamber and extends into the connecting through hole. The end of the movable end away from the working end is fixedly connected to a pressure piston matching the connecting through hole. The hydraulic chamber is filled with hydraulic oil, which fills the hydraulic chamber and the area connected to the hydraulic chamber.

[0009] Furthermore, a limiting unit is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting through hole near the transition chamber, and the breaking tooth penetrates through the limiting unit, which can limit the position of the breaking tooth, making it difficult for the breaking tooth to fall off the soil body.

[0010] Furthermore, the limiting cover includes a cover body, and the cover body matches the end of the movable end that is away from the main body of the soil crushing unit. The movement of the entire crushing tooth is restricted by the cooperation between the cover body and the movable end. By reducing the friction between the two, the resistance to the rotation of the soil crushing unit is reduced, making it less likely for the soil crushing unit to jam.

[0011] Furthermore, the inner wall of the cover is provided with a rotating groove, and the inner wall of the rotating groove is provided with multiple discharge holes. The rotating groove provides space for the working end to rotate, while the opening of the discharge holes allows the soil brought up by the working end to be discharged directly, making it less likely to accumulate between the limiting cover and the soil crushing unit, and less likely to cause the soil crushing unit to jam.

[0012] Furthermore, the angle between two adjacent broken teeth is set as 'a', the angle between the broken tooth that contacts the ground and one end of the limiting cover in the direction of the next broken tooth that contacts the ground is set as 'c', and the angle between the broken tooth that contacts the ground and one end of the limiting cover in the direction of the previous broken tooth that contacts the ground is set as 'b', and b < a < c < 2a. This ensures that when a broken tooth contacts the ground, the next broken tooth that will contact the ground is not restricted by the limiting cover, while the remaining broken teeth are restricted by the limiting cover, making the movement state of multiple broken teeth controllable.

[0013] Optionally, a capture frame is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the soil crushing body, and the capture frame is located in the hydraulic chamber. The opening direction of the capture frame is opposite to the rotation direction of the soil crushing body during operation. A sponge pad and a capture unit with matching positions are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the soil crushing body, and the rotation direction of the soil crushing body during operation is from the capture unit to the sponge pad. The capture unit includes multiple elastic fibers with a three-dimensional spatial structure. Multiple elastic fibers overlap each other. With normal use of the soil crushing unit, flocculent impurities will appear in the hydraulic oil. When the soil crushing unit rotates, these impurities will move away from the axis of the soil crushing unit under the action of centrifugal force, so that the flocculent impurities will be captured by the capture frame and the capture unit, making it difficult for the capture unit to spread further and reducing its corrosion to the soil crushing body and the pressure piston. With continuous use of the soil crushing body, the flocculent impurities are flushed towards the sponge pad under the action of hydraulic oil, making it difficult for the flocculent impurities to fall out of the capture frame.

[0014] Furthermore, the elastic fiber includes an elastic cord, the outer side of which is covered with an elastic shell made of PTFE material. The elastic shell is embedded in the interior of the elastic cord, which reduces the corrosion of hydraulic oil on the one hand, and increases the connection strength between the elastic shell and the elastic cord on the other hand. This makes it less likely for the elastic fiber to break locally, less likely for it to enter the hydraulic oil, and less likely to affect the working environment of the hydraulic oil.

[0015] Furthermore, the main body of the soil crusher has a viewing window that matches the position of the capture frame, and the viewing window connects the hydraulic chamber to the outside. A transparent acrylic plate that matches the main body is fixedly connected inside the viewing window. Users can observe the capture degree of the capture unit through the transparent acrylic plate and perform maintenance work such as hydraulic oil replacement in a timely manner. One-tenth of the elastic outer shell of the elastic fiber is coated with fluorescent pigment, and the elastic fibers coated with fluorescent pigment are evenly distributed. Users can judge the capture degree of the capture unit by observing the number of elastic fibers coated with fluorescent pigment.

[0016] Beneficial effects Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this invention are: This solution replaces the single, integral soil-crushing roller with multiple independent soil-crushing units. These units can adaptively adjust according to the hardness of the ground they come into contact with, making them suitable for fields with low flatness. Furthermore, the adaptive adjustment systems of the multiple soil-crushing units are independent of each other, so even if the adaptive adjustment system of a single soil-crushing unit is damaged, it will not have a significant impact on the land preparation work. At the same time, by replacing the faulty soil-crushing unit, the fault can be eliminated, reducing maintenance costs.

[0017] Meanwhile, by setting up a capture frame, sponge pad, and capture unit, flocculent impurities that may appear during the use of hydraulic oil are enriched and captured, making them less likely to corrode the soil crushing body and pressure piston. At the same time, the structure of the elastic fiber is further improved to reduce the possibility of elastic fiber breakage and reduce the impact on the working environment of hydraulic oil. Finally, a viewing window is opened to observe the working environment inside the soil crushing unit in a timely manner. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the land preparation machine with soil-crushing rollers according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the soil-breaking unit and the limiting cover of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a side sectional view of the soil-breaking unit and the limiting cover of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the soil crushing unit of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a front sectional view of the soil-breaking unit of the present invention; Figure 6 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure at point A; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the limiting cover of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating how the soil-breaking unit of the present invention changes with its working state; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the breaking teeth of the soil breaking unit of the present invention in contact with the ground. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the flow of hydraulic oil within the soil-breaking unit of the present invention during operation.

[0019] Explanation of the labels in the diagram: 1 Traction device, 2 Fork frame, 3 Rotating shaft, 4 Soil crushing unit, 401 Soil crushing body, 402 Crushing teeth, 4021 Movable end, 4022 Working end, 403 Hydraulic chamber, 404 Transition chamber, 405 Connecting through hole, 406 Pressure piston, 407 Limiting unit, 408 Observation window, 409 Transparent acrylic plate, 5 Separating unit, 6 Limiting cover, 601 Cover body, 602 Rotating groove, 603 Discharge hole, 7 Fixing frame, 8 Capture frame, 9 Sponge pad, 10 Capture unit. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0021] First implementation method: Please see Figures 1-8 The invention includes a soil-breaking roller adaptive adjustment land preparation machine, comprising a traction device 1, a fork-shaped frame 2 fixedly connected to one end of the traction device 1, a rotating shaft 3 rotatably connected to the fork-shaped frame 2, a plurality of soil-breaking units 4 sleeved on the rotating shaft 3, a limiting cover 6 sleeved on the outer side of each plurality of soil-breaking units 4, and a fixing frame 7 fixedly connected to the fork-shaped frame 2, the fixing frame 7 sequentially passing through and fixing the plurality of limiting covers 6; Each of the multiple soil-breaking units 4 includes a soil-breaking body 401. The soil-breaking body 401 contains a hydraulic chamber 403 and a transition chamber 404, with the transition chamber 404 located outside the hydraulic chamber 403. The soil-breaking body 401 has multiple connecting through holes 405, all of which connect the hydraulic chamber 403 and the transition chamber 404. Multiple breaking teeth 402, whose positions match the connecting through holes 405, are inserted into the soil-breaking body 401. Each breaking tooth 402 includes a movable end 402. 1. The movable end 4021, away from the soil crushing body 401, is fixedly connected to the working end 4022. The movable end 4021, away from the working end 4022, passes through the transition chamber 404 and extends into the connecting through hole 405. The movable end 4021, away from the working end 4022, is fixedly connected to a pressure piston 406 that matches the connecting through hole 405. The hydraulic chamber 403 is filled with hydraulic oil, and the hydraulic oil fills the hydraulic chamber 403 and the area connected to the hydraulic chamber 403.

[0022] Please see Figure 8In this embodiment, when the land clearing machine is working, the soil breaking unit 4 rotates clockwise under the drive of the traction device 1. When the movable end 4021 contacts the ground, the crushing teeth 402 are squeezed towards the soil breaking body 401 under the gravity of the fork frame 2, the rotating shaft 3, and the soil breaking unit 4. The resulting squeezing force, transmitted by hydraulic oil, causes other crushing teeth 402 that are not in contact with the ground to tend to move away from the soil breaking body 401. Most of the crushing teeth 402 are restricted by the limiting cover 6 and cannot move. Only the next soil breaking body 401 in contact with the ground is not restricted by the limiting cover 6 and moves away from the soil breaking body 401. At this time, under the premise that the overall angular velocity of the soil breaking body 401 remains unchanged, the longer the part of the crushing tooth 402 extends, the linear velocity of the end away from the soil breaking body 401 also increases, and its kinetic energy also increases, increasing its destructive strength to the ground. Thus, the soil breaking function of the soil breaking unit 4 is adaptively adjusted according to the ground strength.

[0023] The soil-crushing roller is composed of multiple soil-crushing units 4. It can adaptively adjust according to the hardness of the ground it contacts, making it suitable for fields with low terrain flatness. The adaptive adjustment system of multiple soil-crushing units 4 (a system composed of crushing teeth 402, pressure piston 406, hydraulic chamber 403 and hydraulic oil) is independent of each other. Even if the adaptive adjustment system of a single soil-crushing unit 4 is damaged, it will not have a significant impact on the land preparation work. At the same time, the faulty soil-crushing unit 4 can be replaced to eliminate the fault and reduce maintenance costs.

[0024] A limiting unit 407 is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting through hole 405 near the transition chamber 404, and the breaking tooth 402 passes through the limiting unit 407, which can limit the position of the breaking tooth 402, making it difficult for the breaking tooth 402 to fall off the soil breaking body 401.

[0025] The limiting cover 6 includes a cover body 601, and the cover body 601 matches the end of the movable end 4021 that is away from the soil crushing body 401. The cooperation between the cover body 601 and the movable end 4021 restricts the overall movement of the crushing tooth 402. By reducing the friction between the two, the resistance to the rotation of the soil crushing unit 4 is reduced, making it less likely for the soil crushing unit 4 to jam. The inner wall of the cover body 601 is provided with a rotating groove 602, and the inner wall of the rotating groove 602 is provided with multiple discharge holes 603. The rotating groove 602 provides space for the working end 4022 to rotate, and the opening of the discharge holes 603 allows the soil carried by the working end 4022 to be discharged directly, making it less likely to accumulate between the limiting cover 6 and the soil crushing unit 4, and less likely to cause the soil crushing unit 4 to jam.

[0026] Please see Figure 9The angle between two adjacent breaking teeth 402 is set as a, the angle between the breaking tooth 402 that contacts the ground and the end of the limiting cover 6 in the direction of the next breaking tooth 402 that contacts the ground is set as c, and the angle between the breaking tooth 402 that contacts the ground and the end of the limiting cover 6 in the direction of the previous breaking tooth 402 that contacts the ground is set as b, and b < a < c < 2a. This makes it so that when the breaking tooth 402 contacts the ground, the next breaking tooth 402 that will contact the ground is not restricted by the limiting cover 6, while the remaining breaking teeth 402 are all restricted by the limiting cover 6, so that the movement state of multiple breaking teeth 402 is controllable.

[0027] In particular, the dimensions and number of each structure in this application are drawn strictly according to the scale. Those skilled in the art can make reasonable designs according to actual usage requirements. At the same time, in order for the normal operation of this application, a bearing should be provided between the rotating shaft 3 and the soil crushing unit 4, and a separation unit 5 should be provided between two adjacent soil crushing units 4 to reduce wear. This is a well-known technology to those skilled in the art, so it will not be described in detail in this application.

[0028] Second implementation method: Please see Figures 5-6 and Figure 10 A capture frame 8 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the soil crushing body 401, and the capture frame 8 is located inside the hydraulic chamber 403. The opening direction of the capture frame 8 is opposite to the rotation direction of the soil crushing body 401 during operation. A sponge pad 9 and a capture unit 10, whose positions match the capture frame 8, are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the soil crushing body 401. The rotation direction of the soil crushing body 401 during operation is from the capture unit 10 to the sponge pad 9. The capture unit 10 includes multiple elastic fibers with a three-dimensional spatial structure. The multiple elastic fibers overlap each other. As the soil crushing unit 401 rotates, the capture unit 10 rotates from the capture unit 10 to the sponge pad 9. During normal use, flocculent impurities will appear in the hydraulic oil. When the soil crushing unit 4 rotates, these impurities will move away from the axis of the soil crushing unit 4 under the action of centrifugal force, so that the flocculent debris will be captured by the capture frame 8 and the capture unit 10, making it difficult for the capture unit 10 to spread further and reducing its corrosion to the soil crushing body 401 and the pressure piston 406. As the soil crushing body 401 continues to be used, under the action of hydraulic oil flushing, the flocculent debris is flushed towards the sponge pad 9, making it difficult for the flocculent debris to fall out of the capture frame 8.

[0029] Furthermore, the elastic fibers include elastic cords, and the outer side of the elastic cords is covered with an elastic shell made of PTFE material. The elastic shell is embedded in the interior of the elastic cords, which reduces the corrosion of hydraulic oil on the one hand, and increases the connection strength between the elastic shell and the elastic cords on the other hand. This makes it less likely for the elastic fibers to break locally, less likely for them to enter the hydraulic oil, and less likely to affect the working environment of the hydraulic oil.

[0030] The soil-crushing body 401 has a viewing window 408 that matches the position of the capture frame 8. The viewing window 408 connects the hydraulic chamber 403 to the outside. A transparent acrylic plate 409 that matches the viewing window 408 is fixedly connected inside the viewing window 408. The density of the elastic fibers can ensure that the user can observe the internal environment of the soil-crushing body 401 through the transparent acrylic plate 409. The user can observe the capture degree of the capture unit 10 through the transparent acrylic plate 409 and perform maintenance work such as hydraulic oil replacement in a timely manner. One-tenth of the elastic outer shell of the elastic fibers is coated with fluorescent pigment, and the elastic fibers coated with fluorescent pigment are evenly distributed. The user can judge the capture degree of the capture unit 10 by observing the number of elastic fibers coated with fluorescent pigment.

[0031] Compared to the first embodiment, in this embodiment, by setting up the capture frame 8, the sponge pad 9 and the capture unit 10, the flocculent impurities that may appear during the use of hydraulic oil are enriched and captured, making them less likely to cause corrosion to the soil crushing body 401 and the pressure piston 406. At the same time, the structure of the elastic fiber is further improved to reduce the possibility of elastic fiber breakage and reduce the impact on the working environment of the hydraulic oil. Finally, the observation window 408 is opened to observe the working environment inside the soil crushing unit 4 in a timely manner.

[0032] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention; it encompasses all the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solutions and improved concepts of the present invention, should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tillage machine with adaptive adjustment of the soil-breaking roller, comprising a traction device (1), characterized in that: One end of the traction device (1) is fixedly connected to a fork-shaped frame (2), and a rotating shaft (3) is rotatably connected to the fork-shaped frame (2). Multiple soil-breaking units (4) are sleeved on the rotating shaft (3), and a limiting cover (6) is sleeved on the outside of each of the multiple soil-breaking units (4). A fixing frame (7) is fixedly connected to the fork-shaped frame (2), and the fixing frame (7) passes through and fixes the multiple limiting covers (6) in sequence. Each of the multiple soil-breaking units (4) includes a soil-breaking body (401). The soil-breaking body (401) has a hydraulic chamber (403) and a transition chamber (404) inside, and the transition chamber (404) is located outside the hydraulic chamber (403). The soil-breaking body (401) has multiple connecting through holes (405), and the multiple connecting through holes (405) are connected to the hydraulic chamber (403) and the transition chamber (404). The soil-breaking body (401) is fitted with multiple breaking teeth (402) whose positions match the connecting through holes (405). Each of the multiple breaking teeth (402) includes a movable end. (4021), the end of the movable end (4021) away from the soil crushing body (401) is fixedly connected to the working end (4022), the end of the movable end (4021) away from the working end (4022) passes through the transition chamber (404) and extends into the connecting through hole (405), the end of the movable end (4021) away from the working end (4022) is fixedly connected to a pressure piston (406) that matches the connecting through hole (405), the hydraulic chamber (403) is filled with hydraulic oil, and the hydraulic oil fills the hydraulic chamber (403) and the area connected to the hydraulic chamber (403); The limiting cover (6) includes a cover body (601), and the cover body (601) matches the end of the movable end (4021) that is away from the soil breaking body (401). The angle between two adjacent breaking teeth (402) is set as a. The angle between the breaking tooth (402) that contacts the ground and the end of the limiting cover (6) in the direction of the next breaking tooth (402) that contacts the ground is c. The angle between the breaking tooth (402) that contacts the ground and the end of the limiting cover (6) in the direction of the previous breaking tooth (402) that contacts the ground is b. And b < a < c < 2a.

2. The tillage machine with adaptive adjustment of the soil-crushing roller according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting through hole (405) is fixedly connected to a limiting unit (407) at one end near the transition chamber (404), and the broken tooth (402) passes through the limiting unit (407).

3. The tillage machine with adaptive adjustment of the soil-breaking roller according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the cover (601) is provided with a rotating groove (602), and the inner wall of the rotating groove (602) is provided with a plurality of unloading holes (603).

4. A tillage machine with adaptive adjustment of the soil-breaking roller according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the soil crushing body (401) is fixedly connected to a capture frame (8), and the capture frame (8) is located in the hydraulic chamber (403). The opening direction of the capture frame (8) is opposite to the rotation direction of the soil crushing body (401) when it is working. The inner wall of the soil crushing body (401) is fixedly connected to a sponge pad (9) and a capture unit (10) whose positions match the capture frame (8). The rotation direction of the soil crushing body (401) when it is working is from the capture unit (10) to the sponge pad (9). The capture unit (10) includes multiple elastic fibers with a three-dimensional spatial structure, and the multiple elastic fibers overlap each other.

5. A tillage machine with adaptive adjustment of the soil-breaking roller according to claim 4, characterized in that: The elastic fiber includes an elastic cord, the outer side of which is covered with an elastic shell made of PTFE material, and the elastic shell is impregnated into the interior of the elastic cord.

6. A tillage machine with adaptive adjustment of the soil-breaking roller according to claim 4, characterized in that: The soil crushing body (401) is provided with a viewing window (408) that matches the position of the capture frame (8), and the viewing window (408) connects the hydraulic chamber (403) to the outside. A transparent acrylic plate (409) that matches itself is fixedly connected inside the viewing window (408).

7. A tillage machine with adaptive adjustment of the soil-breaking roller according to claim 4, characterized in that: One-tenth of the elastic outer shell of the elastic fiber is coated with fluorescent pigment, and the elastic fibers coated with fluorescent pigment are evenly distributed.

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