A building solid waste-based low-carbon aggregate production integrated device and a production method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a production method of a building solid waste-based low-carbon aggregate, which comprises the following steps: a red brick aggregate path: spraying nano Ca(OH)2 powder (particle size is less than or equal to 1 micrometer) to the red brick aggregate, and synchronously absorbing CO2 to generate calcium carbonate to fill pores in a carbonization tower; a concrete aggregate path: directly carbonizing, and utilizing residual Ca(OH)2 to react with CO2; and the aggregate is single-particleized through a cyclone disperser, and is countercurrently carbonized in a CO2 concentration gradient field. Through the trinity innovation of "sorting carbonization and carbon control", the first self-adaptive carbonization system of red brick / concrete aggregate is realized, the industry problem that red brick needs exogenous calcification is solved, the building solid waste is integrated in the whole process from demolition, sorting and carbonization, and the building solid waste is comprehensively utilized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an apparatus and a method thereof, and more particularly to an integrated apparatus and method for producing low-carbon aggregates based on building solid waste. Background Technology

[0002] Zhenjiang Jianke has developed a carbonization system for recycled coarse aggregates (such as the one published in CN119241110A), which achieves efficient carbonization and improves aggregate strength and durability through the recycling of CO2 solution tanks and the design of a tilting soaking cylinder. A carbon-fixing and strengthening device for recycled red brick aggregates combines lime water soaking and CO2 fumigation to generate calcium carbonate within the pores, significantly reducing water absorption. Huaxin Cement has developed a grate cooler carbonization process system that utilizes cement kiln exhaust gas (CO2 concentration 20-30%) to convectively contact the aggregates, achieving continuous production and high carbonization efficiency. The efficiency has increased by 40%; the Changzhou University project integrates AI sorting, two-stage crushing and multi-size screening to achieve intelligent grading of aggregates (the amount of old mortar adhering to the grade is used as the basis for grade determination), and the impurity removal rate is >99%; the multi-source solid waste cementitious material technology can consume fly ash, mineral powder, phosphogypsum, etc., with a solid waste content of up to 90%; however, red brick aggregates do not have cement hydration products and require special strengthening processes; there is a lot of research on carbonization enhancement in the laboratory (such as nanomaterial filling), but large-scale application depends on the transformation of cement plants (such as grate cooler systems) or special carbonization silos, which limits the production capacity.

[0003] Develop high-speed impact crushing and eddy current separation composite equipment to improve the separation accuracy of metal / non-metal impurities to 99.5%. Design a multi-stage countercurrent carbonization tower to achieve dynamic dispersion of aggregates and control of CO2 gradient concentration, shortening the carbonization time to <8 hours. It is necessary to develop an online monitoring system (temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration) and an adaptive control model to dynamically optimize carbonization efficiency. Red bricks need to be pre-calcified, while concrete aggregates can be directly carbonized. Integrate a carbon footprint tracking module (such as the Ningbo Supply and Marketing "Yongfeiqing" platform) to automatically generate carbon emission reduction reports.

[0004] The existing technical solution adopts the following approach, but has the following drawbacks:

[0005] Multi-stage screening and shaping technology: Aggregates are initially screened by a drum screen, transported and shaped by a bidirectional screw conveyor, and then carbonized with CO2 after being sprayed with calcium salt solution in a sealed carbonation chamber. Its main drawbacks are: after magnetic separation, up to 58% of lightweight impurities remain, affecting aggregate purity and concrete bonding; red brick aggregates require pre-spraying with calcium salt solution (such as lime water) to generate calcium carbonate, but the solution recovery rate is low, increasing raw material costs.

[0006] Lime water pretreatment + CO2 fumigation technology: Recycled red brick aggregate is first soaked in saturated lime water, then the reaction chamber is shaken to promote penetration, and finally transferred to a carbonation chamber for CO2 fumigation for 24 hours to generate calcium carbonate to fill the pores. Its main drawbacks are: fumigation requires 24 hours, followed by another 24 hours of drying, resulting in a single batch processing time exceeding 48 hours, making continuous production impossible; residual lime water contains impurities, requiring additional purification equipment for recycling; and the system is highly complex.

[0007] CO2 pressurized carbonization technology: The reaction chamber is equipped with a ventilated stirring rotor. CO2 is introduced from the bottom of the slurry, and the stirring with spiral blades promotes the carbonization reaction. Excess CO2 is recovered to the gas cylinder. Its main drawbacks are: pressurized carbonization requires a highly sealed reaction chamber, and the special steel and sealing structure increase the equipment cost by 40%. It is only suitable for fly ash / carbide slag slurry. Construction solid waste aggregates are difficult to suspend evenly due to their large particle size. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention discloses an integrated device for producing low-carbon aggregates based on construction solid waste, the technical solution of which is as follows:

[0009] An integrated device for producing low-carbon aggregates based on construction solid waste, characterized in that it comprises:

[0010] Countercurrent multi-stage carbonization tower: used to achieve single-particle dispersion of aggregate through multi-stage conical dispersion discs and cyclone dispersers, and to complete the carbonization reaction in the rising CO2 countercurrent field constructed by CO2 concentration gradient generator;

[0011] Calcium source micro powder injection module: set at the inlet of the carbonization tower, used to inject nano Ca(OH)2 powder into red brick aggregate, and to make the powder adhere to the surface of aggregate pores through electrostatic adsorption electrodes, so as to simultaneously generate calcium carbonate to fill the pores in the carbonization tower.

[0012] AI visual sorting system: used to identify the old mortar adhesion level and light impurity residue rate on the aggregate surface, and output grading signals;

[0013] The sorting and carbonization control unit connects the AI ​​vision sorting system with the counter-current multi-stage carbonization tower. It dynamically adjusts the carbonization time based on the old mortar adhesion level S. When the residual rate of light impurities is greater than a certain value, it triggers the carbonization tower temperature compensation.

[0014] This invention also discloses a method for producing low-carbon aggregates based on construction solid waste, the method being based on the above-mentioned apparatus, characterized in that it includes:

[0015] Step 1: Collect solid waste from construction sites, such as old concrete and old red bricks, and perform preliminary crushing and screening of the construction solid waste mixture.

[0016] Step 2: Pour the crushed construction solid waste into the feed inlet of the carbonization device. Use the AI ​​vision system to automatically sort the solid waste, identify different types and sizes of construction solid waste. Based on the classification results, the system controls the mechanical sorting device, and the conveyor belt automatically separates different types of solid waste.

[0017] Step 3: Based on the sorting results, the calcium source powder spraying device sprays calcium source powder into the construction solid waste in different areas. The selected calcium hydroxide powder is prepared into powder with an extremely fine particle size, thereby achieving the purpose of increasing the reaction surface area and reaction rate. The spraying device sprays the calcium source powder into different carbonization areas for corresponding times in the form of airflow with different pressures and flow rates.

[0018] Step 4: The carbonization control unit provides real-time temperature and humidity feedback inside the carbonization chamber to fully carbonize the construction solid waste inside the carbonization chamber. After carbonization is completed, CO2 is recovered from the top.

[0019] Step 5: Cool and collect the carbonized material.

[0020] Preferred path for red brick aggregate: Spray nano-Ca(OH)2 powder (particle size ≤1μm) into red brick aggregate → Simultaneously adsorb CO2 in the carbonation tower to generate calcium carbonate to fill the pores;

[0021] Preferred method: Concrete aggregate path: direct carbonation, utilizing the reaction of residual Ca(OH)2 with CO2; aggregate is granulated into single particles by a cyclone disperser (200-500 rpm) and carbonized countercurrently in a CO2 concentration gradient field.

[0022] Preferably, the nano-Ca(OH)2 spraying adopts electrostatic adsorption, the electrode voltage is 58kV, and the dynamic adjustment is: the opening diameter is set according to the aggregate particle size.

[0023] Preferably, the concentration gradient field achieves countercurrent exchange by introducing high-concentration CO2 at the bottom and discharging low-concentration CO2 at the top.

[0024] Beneficial effects

[0025] Constructing an efficient and continuous carbonization system: Developing a counter-current multi-stage carbonization tower, where aggregate falls and CO2 rises in counter-current contact, reducing carbonization time to <8 hours; integrating an aggregate dispersion cyclone separator (adjustable speed) to ensure single-particle exposure carbonization with a pore filling rate >90%.

[0026] Achieving near-zero impurity residue: Integrating eddy current separation and AI vision-based jet cleaning, the separation accuracy of light impurities is >99.5%; the magnetic separator is upgraded with a permanent magnet drum and a high-frequency demagnetization system, resulting in a metal residue rate of <0.1%.

[0027] Red brick aggregate pretreatment-free strengthening: Design a calcium source micro powder spraying module to spray nano Ca(OH)2 powder onto red brick aggregate (replacing lime water soaking); carbonization reaction and solidification are carried out simultaneously, eliminating the wastewater treatment process and reducing costs by 40%.

[0028] Streamlined continuous production throughout the entire process: By using an intelligent buffer silo and a flexible conveying system, the rhythm of crushing, sorting and carbonization units is matched; the system capacity is increased to 500 tons / day, and the footprint is reduced by 30%.

[0029] Integrated carbon management smart terminal: Built-in CO2 sensor + blockchain metering module, generates carbon emission reduction reports in real time (compliant with Ningbo carbon trading standards).

[0030] This system achieves the following through a three-pronged innovation: sorting, carbonization, and carbon control. It is the first adaptive carbonization system for red brick / concrete aggregates, solving the industry problem of requiring external calcification for red bricks. The countercurrent carbonization efficiency is three times that of laboratory levels. The cost of recycled aggregates is 5% lower than that of natural aggregates (thanks to carbon trading revenue and cost savings from no pretreatment). The equipment investment payback period is less than 3 years (compared to 5-8 years for traditional systems). Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the device of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the preparation method of the present invention.

[0033] The components include: 1. Countercurrent carbonization tower; 2. Ca(OH)2 spray nozzle; 3. Carbonization environment integrated control system (pressure, temperature, time); 4. Construction solid waste inlet; 5. Aggregate transfer and screening device; 6. AI vision sorting device; 7. CO2 cylinder; 8. Gas pipeline; 9. Gas pressure valve. Detailed Implementation

[0034] Example 1

[0035] An integrated device for producing low-carbon aggregates based on construction solid waste includes:

[0036] Countercurrent multi-stage carbonization tower: used to achieve single-particle dispersion of aggregate through multi-stage conical dispersion discs and cyclone dispersers, and to complete the carbonization reaction in the rising CO2 countercurrent field constructed by CO2 concentration gradient generator;

[0037] The cyclone disperser is designed as follows: impeller structure (blade angle / number), and the interaction mechanism between airflow and aggregate ensures single particle exposure.

[0038]

[0039] The gas distributor structure (perforated plate / ring tube) and concentration gradient control logic of the CO2 concentration gradient generator are shown in the table below:

[0040]

[0041] Multi-stage conical dispersion disc (referred to as conical disc): design of the number of layers and the spacing between layers; regular distribution of openings on the conical surface; the aggregate achieves uniform dispersion on the conical surface as follows:

[0042] The multi-stage conical dispersion disc has multiple levels of dispersion disc surfaces, thereby increasing the flow path of construction solid waste and improving the mixing and dispersion efficiency. Construction solid waste enters the dispersion disc through the feed inlet. Under the action of rotation, the construction solid waste is subjected to centrifugal force and flows outward along the conical cavity wall, so that the construction solid waste is evenly distributed and continuously dispersed between multiple dispersion surfaces. After being fully dispersed and mixed, the construction solid waste proceeds to the next process.

[0043] The following table shows the device parameters, basis, and influences used to achieve uniform dispersion of aggregates on the conical surface of a multi-stage conical dispersion disc:

[0044]

[0045] Calcium source micro powder injection module: set at the inlet of the carbonization tower, used to inject nano Ca(OH)2 powder into red brick aggregate, and to make the powder adhere to the surface of aggregate pores through electrostatic adsorption electrodes, so as to simultaneously generate calcium carbonate to fill the pores in the carbonization tower.

[0046] The calcium source micro powder spraying module mainly consists of nozzles and an air compression device. It sprays the calcium source in the form of atomization. In the preparation stage, calcium hydroxide is crushed and sieved to obtain uniform micro powder. The calcium source is attracted to the nozzle by compressed air. The micro powder is mixed with the airflow and formed into atomized particles under high pressure. The particles are evenly distributed on the surface and pores of the construction solid waste. The spraying module optimizes the spraying effect by adjusting the spraying pressure, micro powder particle size and spraying angle.

[0047] The calcium source injection module can increase the contact area between the calcium source and construction solid waste by uniformly dispersing the micro powder, thereby improving the reaction rate. The automated control system simplifies the operation process, improves productivity, and is suitable for different types of reactions, showing broad application prospects.

[0048] Specialized micro powder nozzle for red brick aggregate (air pressure 0.5-0.8MPa), nano Ca(OH)2 powder hopper (moisture content ≤0.1%), and electrostatic adsorption electrode.

[0049] AI visual sorting system: used to identify the old mortar adhesion level and light impurity residue rate on the aggregate surface, and output grading signals.

[0050] The system captures images of construction solid waste in real time using high-resolution cameras to obtain visual information. The acquired images are then preprocessed, including denoising, enhancement, and edge detection. Features of the construction solid waste, including shape, color, and size information, are extracted using a deep learning model. The system is then classified using a trained model. Based on the classification results, the system is automatically sorted using a sorting conveyor belt. The system learns and optimizes itself based on the sorting results to improve the accuracy of recognition and classification.

[0051] Automated sorting processes significantly improve production line efficiency and reduce labor costs. The high precision of AI sorting reduces errors in the sorting process, improves product quality, further reduces reliance on manual operations, and improves overall efficiency. In addition, it can collect data to provide a basis for subsequent optimization and decision-making.

[0052] The sorting and carbonization control unit connects the AI ​​vision sorting system with the counter-current multi-stage carbonization tower. It dynamically adjusts the carbonization time based on the old mortar adhesion level S. When the residual rate of light impurities exceeds a certain value, it triggers the carbonization tower temperature compensation.

[0053] The sorting and carbonization control unit includes a construction waste input, construction waste sorting, carbonization, aggregate output, and data monitoring and feedback device. Construction waste is transported to the sorting and carbonization control unit via a conveyor belt. Advanced sensors and image recognition technology are used to classify the input construction waste. The sorted construction waste aggregate is then sent to a multi-stage dispersion conical disc for carbonization. The temperature and humidity inside the carbonization chamber are monitored and regulated by the control system to ensure optimal reaction conditions.

[0054] The working principle of the device of the present invention is supplemented by the above technical solutions.

[0055] Adaptive carbonation mechanism for red brick / concrete aggregates: Red brick aggregates: Spray nano-Ca(OH)2 powder (particle size ≤1μm) to simultaneously adsorb CO2 in the carbonation tower to generate calcium carbonate and fill the pores; Concrete aggregates: Direct carbonation, utilizing the reaction of residual cement hydration products (Ca(OH)2).

[0056] Countercurrent cyclone coupled carbonization system: Aggregates are dispersed as single particles by a high-speed cyclone separator (speed 200-500rpm), and during the falling process, they come into countercurrent contact with rising CO2 (concentration gradient: bottom 80% → top 20%); the opening ratio of the conical dispersion disc is dynamically adjusted (30-70%) to adapt to aggregates of different particle sizes;

[0057] Impurity sorting and carbonization closed-loop control: AI visual recognition of the amount of old mortar adhering to the aggregate surface (0-5 level) and dynamic adjustment of crushing strength and carbonization time; residual light impurities in the sorting trigger carbonization temperature compensation (+10-15℃) to offset performance loss.

[0058] Core unit structure (strong protective layer): Countercurrent carbonization tower structure: multi-stage conical dispersion disc (tilt angle 45-60°), CO2 concentration gradient generator (bottom inlet pressure regulating valve group)

[0059] Process control logic (strategy protection layer): Carbonization sorting joint control strategy:

[0060] A calculation model based on the carbonation time of old mortar adhesion to aggregates (T=K·S) 2 +15min, K=0.81-2); Extended protection: When the residual rate of light impurities is >1%, the carbonization temperature compensation formula is (ΔT=5X%, X is the residual rate).

[0061] After being crushed, construction solid waste enters the equipment through the feed inlet. During the conveyor belt transport process, it undergoes sorting and visual spraying. AI identifies construction solid waste such as old concrete and red bricks, removing wood chips and other impurities. The aggregates identified by AI vision are then sorted, screened, and transported to a designated height in the carbonization tower. The carbonization tower sprays nano-Ca(OH)2 powder onto the internal construction solid waste. An electrostatic adsorption device is installed in the dispersion plate of the carbonization tower to enhance the adsorption of Ca(OH)2 powder by the solid waste. After the construction solid waste is transported, CO2 is introduced from the bottom of the countercurrent carbonization tower to fully carbonize the aggregates. Due to the internal and surface spraying of Ca(OH)2 powder, red bricks and other materials undergo a reaction under appropriate temperature and humidity conditions.

[0062]

[0063] In addition to these reactions, old concrete also undergoes other reactions, generating a large amount of calcium carbonate precipitate to enhance the strength of the aggregate itself.

[0064]

[0065] The integrated control system compensates for the temperature and humidity inside the carbonization tower in real time. After the carbonization time is calculated by the corresponding formula, CO2 is recovered from the top of the carbonization tower for reuse. After the aggregate is dried in the carbonization tower, the carbonization rate is obtained by comparing the quality before and after carbonization, thereby evaluating the carbonization process and the quality of the aggregate.

[0066] Example 2

[0067] Based on the integrated apparatus for producing low-carbon aggregates based on construction solid waste disclosed in Example 1, this invention also discloses a method for producing low-carbon aggregates based on construction solid waste, comprising:

[0068] Step 1: Collect solid waste from construction sites, such as old concrete and old red bricks, and perform preliminary crushing and screening of the construction solid waste mixture.

[0069] Construction solid waste is fed into the system via a conveyor belt. The material is initially crushed by a vibrating screen or crusher to remove large objects and impurities, ensuring that the construction solid waste enters the subsequent processing stage evenly. This process improves processing efficiency and reduces the burden of subsequent sorting and carbonization.

[0070] Step 2: Pour the crushed construction waste into the feed inlet of the carbonization device. Use the AI ​​vision system to automatically sort the solid waste, identify different types and sizes of construction solid waste, and control the mechanical sorting device according to the classification results. The conveyor belt will automatically separate different types of solid waste.

[0071] AI visual sorting uses high-resolution cameras to capture images of construction solid waste in real time. Image processing algorithms are used to denoise, enhance, and detect edges in each frame of the image. Deep learning models are used to analyze the images and identify the types of construction solid waste. Based on the identification results, the conveyor belt sorting device transports the construction solid waste to the designated area of ​​the carbonization tower.

[0072] Step 3: Based on the sorting results, the calcium source micro powder spraying device sprays calcium source micro powder onto the construction solid waste in different areas. The selected calcium hydroxide powder is prepared into micro powder with an extremely fine particle size, thereby achieving the purpose of increasing the reaction surface area and reaction rate. The spraying device sprays the calcium source micro powder into different carbonization areas for corresponding times in the form of airflow with different pressures and flow rates.

[0073] After sorting, the construction solid waste is fed into a multi-stage dispersion conical disc in a carbonization tower. The conical discs physically rotate and tumble, distributing the construction solid waste according to its size and type within the tower, allowing it to fully contact CO2.

[0074] Step 4: The calcium source calcium hydroxide is made into micro powder and sprayed into the carbonization tower in the form of atomization. Through atomization, the contact area of ​​the calcium source is increased, which promotes the reaction rate and efficiency. CO2 is introduced into the bottom of the carbonization tower. The CO2 flows from the bottom to the top and fully contacts and reacts with the construction solid waste in the carbonization tower.

[0075] Step 5: Unreacted CO2 after carbonization is collected through pipelines, and chemical adsorbents are added to purify the recovered CO2 and remove impurities for storage and recycling.

[0076] Step 6: After full carbonization, the construction solid waste in the carbonization tower is cooled and collected.

[0077] Red brick aggregate path: Spray nano-Ca(OH)2 powder (particle size ≤1μm) into red brick aggregate → Simultaneously adsorb CO2 in carbonation tower to generate calcium carbonate to fill pores; Concrete aggregate path: Direct carbonation, utilizing residual Ca(OH)2 to react with CO2; Aggregate is single-particle granulated by cyclone disperser (200-500rpm) and carbonized countercurrently in CO2 concentration gradient field.

[0078] The nano-Ca(OH)2 spraying employs electrostatic adsorption, with an electrode voltage of 58kV and a powder moisture content ≤0.1%; dynamic adjustment is achieved based on aggregate particle size. according to Set the opening diameter.

[0079] Based on AI visual recognition of the old mortar adhesion level S, the carbonation time is calculated as: T = K·S 2 +15min (K=0.81-2); when the residual rate of light impurities X>1%, start carbonization temperature compensation: ΔT=5X℃.

[0080] The carbon sequestration amount is calculated using the aggregate carbonization weight gain rate ΔW: C = ΔW × M × 12 / 44, where M is the aggregate mass; a blockchain emission reduction certificate is generated and automatically uploaded to the carbon benefit platform.

[0081] The concentration gradient field achieves countercurrent exchange by introducing high-concentration CO2 at the bottom and discharging low-concentration CO2 at the top.

[0082] This invention achieves the following through a three-pronged innovation: sorting, carbonization, and carbon control. It is the first self-adaptive carbonization system for red brick / concrete aggregates, solving the industry problem of requiring exogenous calcification for red bricks. The countercurrent carbonization efficiency is three times that of laboratory levels (data from pilot-scale testing at Ningbo University). The cost of recycled aggregates is 5% lower than that of natural aggregates (due to carbon trading revenue and cost savings from no pretreatment). The equipment investment payback period is less than 3 years.

[0083] This invention innovatively designs a multi-stage conical dispersion disk + gradient concentration CO2 countercurrent field. Aggregates are dispersed individually by a high-speed cyclone separator (200-500 rpm) and fall, fully contacting the rising CO2 (concentration gradient 80%→20%) in a countercurrent flow. This reduces the carbonization time from 24 hours to 6-8 hours, achieving a pore filling rate >92% (compared to <40% in traditional methods), thus solving the problem of uneven carbonization caused by aggregate stacking.4 Secondly, it integrates eddy current sorting + AI vision-based blowing technology to precisely remove lightweight impurities (plastics, wood), with a residue rate of <0.5%. Simultaneously, it utilizes calcium source micro-... The powder spraying module directly sprays nano-Ca(OH)2 powder onto red brick aggregates, eliminating the need for lime water soaking pretreatment, reducing the cost of strengthening red brick aggregates by 40%, and achieving zero wastewater discharge. This breaks through the industry constraint that red brick aggregates require external calcification. In addition, the system matches the rhythm of crushing, sorting, and carbonization units through an intelligent buffer bin and flexible conveyor chain, increasing the production capacity to 500 tons / day (30% more efficient than the traditional buffer transition mode). It also integrates a blockchain carbon metering module to generate a real-time data chain of aggregate carbonization weight gain rate → carbon sequestration amount → emission reduction certificate, with a carbon emission reduction of 0.2-0.3 tons per ton of aggregate.

[0084] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The scope of protection claimed by the appended claims and their equivalents is defined.

Claims

1. An integrated device for producing low-carbon aggregates based on construction solid waste, characterized in that, include: Countercurrent multi-stage carbonization tower: used to achieve single-particle dispersion of aggregate through multi-stage conical dispersion discs and cyclone dispersers, and to complete the carbonization reaction in the rising CO2 countercurrent field constructed by CO2 concentration gradient generator; Calcium source micro powder injection module: Located at the inlet of the carbonization tower, it is used to inject nano-Ca(OH)2 powder into the red brick aggregate. The powder is attached to the surface of the aggregate pores by electrostatic adsorption electrodes, so as to generate calcium carbonate to fill the pores simultaneously in the carbonization tower. AI visual sorting system: used to identify the old mortar adhesion level and light impurity residue rate on the aggregate surface, and output grading signals; The sorting and carbonization control unit connects the AI ​​vision sorting system to the counter-current multi-stage carbonization tower. It dynamically adjusts the carbonization time based on the old mortar adhesion level S. When the residual rate of light impurities exceeds a certain value, it triggers temperature compensation in the carbonization tower. The multi-stage conical dispersion disc has an inclination angle of 45°-60°, and its opening ratio is dynamically adjustable from 30% to 70%. The opening diameter d satisfies d=0.5×D. 50 D 50 The median particle size of the aggregate; the cyclone disperser is driven by a variable frequency motor with a rotation speed of 200-500 rpm; the CO2 concentration gradient generator achieves a CO2 concentration gradient through a bottom inlet pressure regulating valve group: 80% at the bottom of the tower → 20% at the top of the tower; the micro powder nozzle operates at a pressure of 0.5-0.8 MPa, spraying nano-Ca(OH)2 powder with a particle size ≤1μm; the sorting and carbonization control unit executes the following carbonization time calculation model: T=K·S 2 +15min, where S is the old mortar adhesion grade and K is a coefficient; when the residual rate of light impurities X>1%, carbonation temperature compensation is triggered. ΔT = 5X℃.

2. A method for producing low-carbon aggregate based on construction solid waste, wherein the method is implemented by the apparatus described in claim 1, characterized in that, include: Step 1: Collect the solid waste mixture from the construction site and perform preliminary crushing and screening. Step 2: Pour the crushed construction solid waste mixture into the feed inlet of the carbonization device. Use the AI ​​vision system to automatically sort the solid waste, identify different types and sizes of construction solid waste. Based on the classification results, the system controls the mechanical sorting device, and the conveyor belt automatically separates different types of solid waste. Step 3: Based on the sorting results, the calcium source powder spraying device sprays calcium source powder into the construction solid waste in different areas. The selected calcium hydroxide powder is prepared into powder with an extremely fine particle size, thereby achieving the purpose of increasing the reaction surface area and reaction rate. The spraying device sprays the calcium source powder into different carbonization areas for corresponding times in the form of airflow with different pressures and flow rates. Step 4: The carbonization control unit provides real-time temperature and humidity feedback inside the carbonization chamber to fully carbonize the construction solid waste inside the carbonization chamber. After carbonization is completed, CO2 is recovered from the top. Step 5: Cool and collect the carbonized material.

3. The method for producing low-carbon aggregate based on construction solid waste according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step 1 further includes the following: setting up dedicated waste collection points at construction sites to ensure that construction solid waste is collected centrally in designated areas; and selecting appropriate crushers for crushing based on the type and size of the waste. A vibrating screen is used to screen the crushed construction solid waste. Based on the mesh size of the screen, the construction solid waste with excessively large particles undergoes secondary crushing, and the screened material is collected.

4. The method for producing low-carbon aggregate based on construction solid waste according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step 2 further includes the following: the crushed construction waste is poured into the feed inlet of the device; a high-resolution camera is installed above the conveyor belt to capture images of the construction waste on the conveyor belt; image processing algorithms are used to denoise and enhance the captured images; a trained AI model is applied to identify the types and sizes of the construction waste; classification information for each type of construction waste is generated based on the identification results; the AI ​​vision system is connected to the sorting conveyor belt to transport different types of construction waste to the corresponding sorting areas.

5. The method for producing low-carbon aggregate based on construction solid waste according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step 3 further includes the following: crushing calcium hydroxide into extremely fine powder using a high-efficiency pulverizing device; setting the parameters of the spraying device, such as airflow pressure, flow rate, and spraying time, according to the different types of construction solid waste; and automatically starting the spraying device using an automatic control system to spray calcium source powder in a designated area.

6. The method for producing low-carbon aggregate based on construction solid waste according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step 4 further includes the following: selecting high-precision temperature and humidity sensors, evenly arranging them in the carbonization chamber, monitoring the environmental parameters in the carbonization chamber in real time, processing and analyzing the collected data, identifying the current state of the carbonization chamber, introducing CO2, and adjusting the temperature and humidity using a heater, cooling system, and humidification device based on sensor feedback. When the temperature and humidity deviate from the target values, the control system automatically adjusts to maintain the carbonization environment. A CO2 recovery device is installed at the top of the carbonization chamber, and the remaining CO2 is guided to a storage device for later use using a gas collection pipe.

7. The method for producing low-carbon aggregates based on construction solid waste according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step 5 further includes the following: After carbonization, the material is cooled and transported. A conveyor belt is set between the carbonization chamber and the cooling system. The carbonized material is automatically transported to the cooling area. Air cooling is selected to ensure that the medium cooling process is uniform. After cooling is completed, the material is collected in a collection box for later use.

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