Longwall mining method and roadway layout system for near-vertical coal seam with inclination

Abstract

Near vertical seam inclined longwall inclined mechanized mining method and roadway layout system belong to the technical field of coal underground mining. The working face is symmetrically arranged with pseudo-inclination and inclined forward, and each wing is provided with a coal mining machine. The roof and upper falling float cargo are supported by hydraulic supports. The rock stratum roadway includes a floor air intake transportation roadway, a floor auxiliary transportation roadway, a track transportation roadway and a floor air return roadway, which are longitudinally arranged in parallel and connected through the track transportation roadway. The coal seam roadway includes an installation open-off cut, a coal chute, a coal bunker, a collection and withdrawal roadway and the like, which are cooperated with the rock stratum roadway through the connecting roadway, so as to realize the functions of coal self-sliding, equipment withdrawal and ventilation and material transportation. The present application breaks through the technical bottleneck of near-vertical seam mining, realizes safe and efficient mechanized mining, solves the risk of support sliding, optimizes the coal self-sliding path and roadway configuration, builds a complete coal mining, coal transportation, equipment movement, ventilation and material transportation system, forms intelligent mining technology support, and improves the feasibility of special seam development.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a mechanized mining method and roadway layout system for near-vertical coal seams with inclined longwall mining, belonging to the field of underground coal mining technology. Background Technology

[0002] Near-vertical coal seam mining has long been a technical challenge in the field of underground coal mining. In existing technologies, near-vertical coal seams (usually referring to coal seams with a dip angle of ≥70°) mostly follow the mining methods for steeply inclined coal seams. However, although this system has various forms, it generally lacks safe and efficient mechanized process support. Although some publicly available information mentions mechanized attempts for near-vertical coal seams with a dip angle of more than 70°, it has not been promoted on a large scale due to insufficient technical adaptability.

[0003] In terms of specific mining technology, although the flexible shield support mining method can be applied to near-vertical coal seams, it has inherent problems such as low mining efficiency, high labor intensity, and prominent safety risks. With the rapid development of intelligent and information-based mining technologies, this process can no longer meet the requirements of modern safe production.

[0004] From the perspective of resource endowment characteristics, near-vertical coal seams often possess the characteristics of high-quality clean coal, with significant industrial utilization value. Moreover, with the gradual reduction of easily minable, slightly inclined coal seam reserves, the efficient development of such difficult-to-mine coal seams has become a strategic requirement for ensuring energy supply. From the perspective of resource recovery, energy conservation, and environmental protection, vertical coal seams require efficient and adaptable processes and equipment to improve coal recovery rates, avoid resource waste, and facilitate green mining and environmental protection. In terms of mining technology development, near-horizontal, gently inclined, and inclined coal seams have entered the stage of intelligent mining, while near-vertical coal seam mining technology remains at the level of traditional processes, lacking a matching mechanized and intelligent process platform.

[0005] Inclined longwall mechanized coal mining is a standard and efficient mining process with advantages such as: low roof pressure at the working face, high safety factor for roof and coal wall management, effectively avoiding roof collapse and sidewall spalling accidents; water inflow from the goaf can flow by gravity to the roadway, enabling dry operation at the working face; excellent natural gas emission conditions, making it difficult for gas to accumulate; and convenient equipment operation, with easy control of processes such as frame movement. However, limited by traditional working face layouts and mining equipment performance, this process is only suitable for gently inclined coal seams with a dip angle of ≤25°, and cannot be directly applied in near-vertical coal seam mining scenarios, thus hindering the full realization of its inherent advantages.

[0006] Therefore, it is urgent to break through the constraints of traditional technologies and develop a mechanized longwall mining method and roadway layout system suitable for near-vertical coal seams. This will allow for the construction of a safe, efficient, and easily controllable mechanized process platform, providing technical support for the intelligent mining of near-vertical coal seams and enabling the safe and efficient development of this type of special coal seam. The mechanized longwall mining method and roadway layout system for near-vertical coal seams also creates extremely favorable conditions for backfilling mining. Waste gangue can be filled from the upper part of the goaf or from above the roadways on the left and right sides of the goaf, with the filling direction from top to bottom. This facilitates the utilization of waste and protects against surface subsidence, conveniently achieving environmental protection in the mining area. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the problems existing in the background art, the present invention provides a method for mechanized mining of near-vertical coal seams with inclined longwall and a roadway layout system.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a near-vertical coal seam inclined longwall subsidence mining roadway layout system, including a working face and rock strata roadways and coal seam roadways, all used to serve the working face mining and connected by multi-point coal and rock connecting roadways;

[0009] The working face adopts a double-wing symmetrical pseudo-inclined arrangement, and advances obliquely along the dip direction of the coal seam. Each of the two wing working faces is equipped with a coal mining machine. The roof of the working face mining area and the collapsed floating objects above it are supported by hydraulic supports.

[0010] The rock stratum roadway includes a floor intake air transport roadway, a floor auxiliary transport roadway, a rail transport roadway, and a floor return air roadway; the floor return air roadway, the floor auxiliary transport roadway, and the floor intake air transport roadway are arranged in parallel from top to bottom along the dipping direction of the coal seam and are connected by the inclined rail transport roadway.

[0011] The coal seam roadways include an installation cutter, a left-wing coal chute, a right-wing coal chute, coal seam recovery roadway one, a left-wing coal bunker, coal seam recovery roadway two, a right-wing coal bunker, a withdrawal roadway, coal seam recovery roadway three, and coal seam recovery roadway four. The installation cutter is located at the upper boundary of the mining area, at the same height as the floor return airway, and is arranged along the direction of the coal seam floor. Its length is the total length of the left and right slopes after the working face is adjusted to the required inclination. The left-wing coal chute connects the left end of the left slope of the working face and the opening of the left-wing coal bunker, and is used to guide coal to flow into the left-wing coal bunker. The right-wing coal chute connects to... The right end of the right slope of the working face and the opening of the right wing coal bunker are used to guide coal to the right wing coal bunker by gravity. The lower ends of the left wing coal bunker and the right wing coal bunker are connected to the bottom plate intake air transport roadway. The second coal seam mining roadway connects to the left end of the left slope of the working face and is connected to the first coal seam mining roadway through a corresponding connecting roadway. The third coal seam mining roadway connects to the right end of the right slope of the working face and is connected to the fourth coal seam mining roadway through a corresponding connecting roadway. Coal chute isolation fences are provided between the second coal seam mining roadway and the left wing coal chute, and between the third coal seam mining roadway and the right wing coal chute.

[0012] The working face retreat roadway is used for the separation and retreat of hydraulic supports during working face operation, as well as for the transportation of coal from the coal bunker.

[0013] Furthermore, a pressure-enhancing jack is provided between the top plate side support beam and the bottom foot of the top plate side support beam of the hydraulic support.

[0014] The present invention discloses a mining method for a near-vertical coal seam inclined longwall mining roadway layout system, the method comprising the following steps:

[0015] S1: Excavate and install the cut-out and equipment;

[0016] S101: Wide tunnels are formed by expanding the roof slab or by one-time excavation to install the cut-in point;

[0017] S102: After the hydraulic support is transported to the installation cut-out via rail, the hydraulic support is erected on the bottom plate side using lifting equipment, so that the bottom plate side support beam of the hydraulic support is close to the bottom plate side. Then, the column jacks of the hydraulic support are raised. After the hydraulic support is extended, the bottom feet of the top plate side support beam and the bottom plate side support beam of the hydraulic support are simultaneously placed on the ground, and the outer width of the two support beams is consistent with the thickness of the coal seam, thus completing the installation of a single hydraulic support.

[0018] S103: All hydraulic supports are connected along the entire length of the working surface via hinged rings;

[0019] S104: At the same time, two coal mining machines are set up within the support range of the hydraulic support to pull the coal wall below the position of the coal mining machine drum and rocker arm to form a bottom space that matches the cutting depth. Then, the installation of the coal mining machine body and cable trough is completed.

[0020] S2: Rotation and tilting adjustment during the initial mining stage of the two wings of the working face;

[0021] S201: For the right slope, the coal mining machine uses the tilt adjustment rotation point of the middle tilt adjustment rotation centerline of the installed cutting center as a reference, and adjusts the working face according to the pre-calculated angle between the tilt adjustment and the strike. At the far right end of the working face, a short-blade coal cutting operation is carried out. The cut coal is pushed into the arc-shaped roadway of the right wing coal chute by the full-length pusher shovel equipped with the coal mining machine to achieve self-flowing and lowering.

[0022] S202: Continuing to operate the coal cutting machine with the tilt adjustment rotation point as the center, gradually increase the length of the cutting blades until the cutting reaches 1 / 2 of the working face length, thus satisfying the true dip angle of the working face. ;

[0023] S203: After the coal mining machine cuts coal, the hydraulic support behind the coal mining machine is restricted by the hinged rings and slowly sinks and moves forward in sequence.

[0024] S204: For the left slope, proceed in the same manner as above.

[0025] S3: Conduct coal mining operations at the working face;

[0026] S301: Coal mining machine lowers track belt floating coal flow limiting and pushing shovel;

[0027] S302: Coal cutting on the left slope working face:

[0028] The front and rear drums of the coal mining machine (2) both rotate clockwise to the right;

[0029] When cutting coal upwards, the front drum of the coal mining machine (2) cuts the coal wall on the top plate side, and the cut coal slides down from under the coal mining machine body. The rear drum of the coal mining machine (2) cuts a small amount of coal on the bottom plate side, and the cut coal slides down directly along the coal wall surface. The coal cut by the front and rear drums slides to the left end of the working face and slides down to the left wing coal chute (6) to the left wing coal bunker (9).

[0030] When cutting coal downwards, the front drum of the coal mining machine (2) cuts the coal wall on the top plate side, and the cut coal slides directly down along the coal wall surface. The rear drum of the coal mining machine (2) cuts a small portion of the coal on the bottom plate side, and the cut coal slides down from under the coal mining machine body. The coal cut by the front and rear drums slides to the left end of the working face and slides down through the left wing coal chute (6) to the left wing coal bunker (9).

[0031] S303: Coal cutting on the right slope working face:

[0032] The front and rear drums of the coal mining machine (2) rotate counterclockwise to the left.

[0033] When cutting coal upwards, the front drum of the coal mining machine (2) cuts the coal wall on the top plate side, and the cut coal slides down the coal wall from the side wing of the coal mining machine body. The rear drum of the coal mining machine (2) cuts a small amount of coal on the bottom plate side, and the cut coal slides down directly along the coal wall. The coal cut by the front and rear drums slides to the right end of the working face and slides down to the right coal bunker (11) through the right wing coal chute (7).

[0034] When cutting coal downwards, the front drum of the coal mining machine (2) cuts the coal wall on the top plate side, and the cut coal slides directly down the coal wall surface. The rear drum of the coal mining machine (2) cuts a small portion of the coal on the bottom plate side, and the cut coal slides down the coal wall surface from the side wing of the coal mining machine body. The coal cut by the front and rear drums slides to the right end of the working face and slides down to the right wing coal chute (7) to the right wing coal bunker (11).

[0035] S304: After the coal mining machine cuts coal, the hydraulic support behind the coal mining machine is restricted by the hinged rings and slowly sinks and moves forward in sequence.

[0036] S305: Coal from the left and right wing coal bunkers is transported out via belt conveyors or tandem cars in the bottom air intake transport roadway.

[0037] S4: The working face is withdrawn.

[0038] S401: To open and widen the bottom plate sidewalls to form a retreat roadway;

[0039] S402: As the coal wall at the end of the working face is mined down, both ends of the working face enter the retreat roadway. The hydraulic supports gradually enter the retreat roadway. After the hydraulic supports are in place, the connecting parts between the hydraulic supports are disconnected and the supports are separated and retreated in sequence.

[0040] S403: Fully retract the support column of the hydraulic support, extend the balance jack, retract the hydraulic support, so that the retracted hydraulic support separates from the roof and sidewalls and tilts towards the roadway space of the floor and sidewalls. Then, separate the emulsion into the return pipeline, control the hydraulic support to tilt towards the support flatbed truck, complete the loading and transportation, and withdraw the support one by one.

[0041] S404: As the working face gradually shortens, the left and right ends of the working face converge towards the middle; during the convergence of the working face, small coal chute holes are drilled upwards along the coal seam at certain intervals in the retreat roadway;

[0042] S405: When the number of remaining hydraulic supports in the middle is 10 to 20, and the hydraulic supports and the coal mining machine have not landed in the retreat roadway, ensure that all hydraulic supports remain in the column support state; raise the floating material under the hydraulic supports, and after the hydraulic supports are lowered as a whole, make the support legs contact the floating material to achieve a buffer landing, and then disassemble the coal mining machine and retreat the remaining hydraulic supports.

[0043] The present invention discloses a ventilation method for a near-vertical coal seam inclined longwall mining roadway layout system, the method comprising two ventilation routes:

[0044] Ventilation Route 1: The airflow enters from the bottom air intake and transport roadway, passes sequentially through the corresponding connecting roadway, coal seam mining roadway 2, the left slope of the working face, the right slope of the working face, the corresponding connecting roadway, coal seam mining roadway 4, the corresponding connecting roadway to the bottom return air roadway, and is finally discharged externally.

[0045] Ventilation Route 2: The airflow enters from the bottom plate intake airway, passes through the corresponding connecting roadway, the second coal seam mining roadway, and the left slope of the working face in sequence, and then flows to the goaf area on the right slope of the working face. It is finally discharged to the outside through the regulating air door installed at the right wing end of the cut and the corresponding connecting roadway to the bottom plate return airway.

[0046] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0047] This invention eliminates the risk of support slippage and improves the safety of roof and coal face management by using a pseudo-inclined arrangement of the working face and hinged control of hydraulic supports. It optimizes the coal slack path and roadway system configuration, and constructs a coordinated coal mining, transportation, equipment relocation, ventilation, and material transportation system for floor rock roadways and coal seam roadways, ensuring dry operation of the working face and natural gas emission. It innovates a fully mechanized operation method for the entire process of working face installation, inclination adjustment, and withdrawal, and, together with the operation of special equipment and roadway layout, forms a complete mechanized mining technology system for near-vertical coal seams. It realizes the upgrade from traditional technology to intelligent and controllable mining, provides systematic technical support for the efficient development of special coal seams, and has both safety and reliability and production feasibility. It realizes the adaptive transformation of inclined longwall mechanized mining technology and solves the problem of the lack of safe and efficient mechanized technology for near-vertical coal seams. Attached Figure Description

[0048] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the layout system for inclined longwall mining roadways in near-vertical coal seams according to the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation process for hydraulic supports;

[0050] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the spatial geometric relationship of the near-vertical coal seam inclined longwall submerged mining according to the present invention;

[0051] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of coal mining operations at the working face;

[0052] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 BB cross-sectional view;

[0053] Figure 6 yes Figure 4CC section view;

[0054] Figure 7 yes Figure 4 DD sectional view;

[0055] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the ventilation method of the near-vertical coal seam inclined longwall submerged roadway layout system of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 9 These are schematic diagrams of the combined layout of coal and rock roadways, where: (a) is a schematic diagram of the layout of single-layer coal seam coal and rock roadways, (b) is a schematic diagram of the combined layout of double-layer coal seam coal and rock roadways, and (c) is a schematic diagram of the combined layout of three-layer coal seam coal and rock roadways.

[0057] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the working face being withdrawn;

[0058] Figure 11 yes Figure 10 EE sectional view;

[0059] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic support's retraction and withdrawal process. Detailed Implementation

[0060] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0061] A near-vertical coal seam inclined longwall subsidence mining roadway layout system includes a working face 23 and rock strata roadways and coal seam roadways that are used to serve the working face mining and are connected by multi-point coal and rock connecting roadways 24, forming a material transportation and personnel system;

[0062] The working face 23 adopts a double-wing symmetrical pseudo-inclined arrangement, forming an "umbrella" shape and advancing obliquely along the dip direction of the coal seam. The left wing working face is called the left slope, and the right wing working face is called the right slope. Each wing working face is equipped with a coal mining machine 2, and both coal mining machines 2 operate simultaneously. The coal mining machine 2 is preferably a tracked transverse double-drum coal mining machine. The roof and above-ground collapsing floating objects in the mining area of ​​the working face 23 are supported by hydraulic supports 3; the hydraulic supports 3 are preferably articulated shield-type hydraulic supports.

[0063] The rock stratum roadway includes a bottom plate intake air transport roadway 15, a bottom plate auxiliary transport roadway 20, a track transport roadway 21, and a bottom plate return air roadway 22; the bottom plate return air roadway 22, the bottom plate auxiliary transport roadway 20, and the bottom plate intake air transport roadway 15 are arranged side by side from top to bottom along the dipping direction of the coal seam and are connected by the inclined track transport roadway 21.

[0064] The coal seam roadways include an installation cut-out 1, a left-wing coal chute 6, a right-wing coal chute 7, a coal seam recovery roadway 1 8, a left-wing coal bunker 9, a second coal seam recovery roadway 2 10, a right-wing coal bunker 11, a withdrawal roadway 16, a third coal seam recovery roadway 3 17, and a fourth coal seam recovery roadway 4 18. The installation cut-out 1 is located at the same height as the bottom return airway 22 at the upper boundary of the mining area, and is arranged along the direction of the coal seam floor. Its length is the total length of the left and right slopes of the working face 23 after adjustment to the required inclination. The left-wing coal chute 6 connects the left end of the left slope of the working face 23 and the opening of the left-wing coal bunker 9, and is used to guide coal to flow into the left-wing coal bunker 9. The right-wing coal chute 7 connects the working face 23... The right end of the right slope and the opening of the right wing coal bunker 11 are used to guide coal to the right wing coal bunker 11 by gravity. The lower ends of the left wing coal bunker 9 and the right wing coal bunker 11 are connected to the bottom plate air intake and transport roadway 15. The second coal seam mining roadway 10 is connected to the left end of the left slope of the working face 23 and is connected to the first coal seam mining roadway 8 through the corresponding connecting roadway 24. The third coal seam mining roadway 17 is connected to the right end of the right slope of the working face 23 and is connected to the fourth coal seam mining roadway 18 through the corresponding connecting roadway 24. Coal chute isolation fences 19 are provided between the second coal seam mining roadway 10 and the left wing coal chute 6, and between the third coal seam mining roadway 17 and the right wing coal chute 7.

[0065] Coal seam mining roadway 210 and left wing coal chute 6 are actually one roadway, with a coal chute isolation fence 19 added in the middle to restrict coal chute passage. Coal seam mining roadway 210 can also be used for normal ventilation, pedestrians, and material transportation. The same applies to coal seam mining roadway 317 and right wing coal chute 7.

[0066] The working and retreat roadway 16 is equipped with a scraper conveyor or a tandem car for the separation and retreat of the hydraulic support 3 during the working face 23 and for the transportation of coal from the coal bunker.

[0067] In the initial mining stage, materials can enter from the upper bottom return airway 22, and be lowered from coal seam return roadway 18 and coal seam return roadway 418 respectively via connecting stone gate 25, and then transported to both ends of the working face 23 via the connecting roadway 24 of the return roadway; or they can enter from the bottom intake air transport roadway 15, reach the bottom return airway 22 via the rail transport roadway 21, and then be lowered from coal seam return roadway 18 and coal seam return roadway 418 respectively via connecting stone gate 25 (a top winch is installed in coal seam return roadway 18 and coal seam return roadway 418), and then transported to both ends of the working face 23 via the connecting roadway 24 of the return roadway.

[0068] During the intermediate and final mining stages, materials enter from the lower floor air intake roadway 15, are transported to the corresponding floor auxiliary roadway 20 via the track transport roadway 21, and then enter the coal seam mining roadway 18 and coal seam mining roadway 4 18 via the connecting stone gate 25, and finally enter the working face 23.

[0069] like Figure 9 As shown, when the coal seam is single or the distance between the layers is far, a single coal seam coal-rock roadway can be used. When there are multiple coal seams and the distance between them is relatively close, a joint coal-rock roadway can be used, sharing the same floor rock roadway.

[0070] Furthermore, a pressure-enhancing jack 28 is provided between the top plate side support beam and the bottom foot of the top plate side support beam of the hydraulic support 3, which further enhances the stability of the hydraulic support 3.

[0071] The present invention discloses a mining method for a near-vertical coal seam inclined longwall mining roadway layout system, the method comprising the following steps:

[0072] S1: Excavate and install cut-in hole 1 and install equipment;

[0073] S101: Wide tunnel installation eye 1 is formed by widening the roof and sidewalls 12 or by one-time excavation, such as Figure 2 As shown in (a);

[0074] S102: After the hydraulic support 3 is transported to the installation cut-out 1 via the track, as follows: Figure 2 As shown in (b), the hydraulic support 3 is erected onto the base plate side 13 using lifting equipment, so that the side support beam of the hydraulic support 3 is close to the base plate side 13. Figure 2 As shown in (c), the column jacks of the hydraulic support 3 are then raised. After the hydraulic support 3 is extended, the bottom feet of the top plate side support beam and the bottom plate side support beam of the hydraulic support 3 are simultaneously placed on the ground, and the outer width of the two extended support beams is consistent with the thickness of the coal seam 14, thus completing the installation of a single hydraulic support 3. Figure 2 As shown in (d);

[0075] S103: All hydraulic supports 3 are connected along the entire length of the working surface by means of hinged ring sleeves. In order to improve the installation speed, a multi-segment parallel operation method is adopted when installing hydraulic supports 3. After the multi-segment hydraulic supports 3 are installed, the multi-segment hinged hydraulic supports 3 are matched and connected.

[0076] S104: Simultaneously, two coal mining machines 2 are installed within the support range of the hydraulic support 3. To increase the installation space for easier installation of the drum and rocker arm, the coal wall below the drum and rocker arm positions of the coal mining machine 2 is pulled down to form a recessed space matching the cutting depth, such as... Figure 2 As shown in (e), the installation of the coal mining machine body and cable trough is then completed, as follows: Figure 2 As shown in (f).

[0077] S2: As Figure 1 As shown, the rotation and tilting of the two wings of the working face during the initial mining stage;

[0078] After the hydraulic support 3 is installed in the horizontal tunnel section where the cut-off 1 is installed, the initial mining stage begins. In order to ensure that the two wings of the working face meet the true dip angle of 30° to 35° to achieve coal self-flow, the two wings of the working face are simultaneously rotated and tilted for mining.

[0079] S201: For the right slope, the coal mining machine 2 uses the adjustment rotation point 5 of the adjustment rotation centerline 4 in the middle of the installation cutter 1 as a reference, and adjusts the angle between the working face and the strike according to the pre-calculated working face adjustment angle. At the far right end of the working face, a short-blade coal cutting operation is carried out. The cut coal is pushed into the arc-shaped roadway of the right wing coal chute 7 by the full-length pusher shovel equipped with the coal mining machine 2 to achieve self-flowing and lowering.

[0080] like Figure 3 As shown in Figure S201, the angle between the working face after tilting and the direction is... The calculation formula is as follows:

[0081]

[0082] In the formula:

[0083] Indicates the true dip angle of the working face;

[0084] Indicates the dip angle of the coal seam.

[0085] Coal seam dip angle To fix the known true dip angle of the working face The size varies with the angle between the working face and the direction after the face is tilted. The angle of inclination of the working face changes accordingly. If the angle is within the range of 30° to 35°, simply adjust the angle between the working face and the direction of travel. Based on the coal seam dip angle For example, the true dip angle of the working face The angle of free-flowing coal is given as 35°. , This means that when the working face rotates to an angle of 35.6° with the coal seam strike, the coal can flow smoothly by gravity. At this point, the rotating mining operation ends, and the normal mining process of whole-face coal cutting begins.

[0086] S202: Continuing to operate the coal cutting machine with the tilt adjustment rotation point 5 as the center, gradually increase the length of the short cutter blade until it reaches 1 / 2 of the working face length, thus satisfying the true dip angle of the working face. ;like Figure 1As shown, the dashed arrow in the arc-shaped roadway 7 of the right wing coal chute indicates the rotation direction of the tilt adjustment centered on the tilt adjustment rotation point 5.

[0087] S203: After the coal mining machine 2 cuts the coal, the hydraulic support 3 behind the coal mining machine is restricted by the hinged rings and slowly sinks and moves forward in sequence.

[0088] S204: For the left slope, proceed in the same manner as above.

[0089] S3: As Figure 4 As shown, coal mining operations are being carried out at the working face;

[0090] S301: The coal mining machine 2 lowers the track width floating coal limiting and pushing shovel to constrain the coal flow to pass between the two tracks under the machine body, and the track force point is the solid coal wall to reduce the crushing of floating coal.

[0091] S302: Coal cutting on the left slope working face:

[0092] The front and rear drums of the coal mining machine (2) both rotate clockwise to the right;

[0093] When cutting coal upwards, the front drum of the coal mining machine (2) cuts the coal wall on the top plate side, and the cut coal slides down from under the coal mining machine body. The rear drum of the coal mining machine (2) cuts a small amount of coal on the bottom plate side, and the cut coal slides down directly along the coal wall surface. The coal cut by the front and rear drums slides to the left end of the working face and slides down to the left wing coal chute (6) to the left wing coal bunker (9).

[0094] When cutting coal downwards, the front drum of the coal mining machine (2) cuts the coal wall on the top plate side, and the cut coal slides directly down along the coal wall surface. The rear drum of the coal mining machine (2) cuts a small portion of the coal on the bottom plate side, and the cut coal slides down from under the coal mining machine body. The coal cut by the front and rear drums slides to the left end of the working face and slides down through the left wing coal chute (6) to the left wing coal bunker (9).

[0095] S303: Coal cutting on the right slope working face:

[0096] The front and rear drums of the coal mining machine (2) rotate counterclockwise to the left.

[0097] When cutting coal upwards, the front drum of the coal mining machine (2) cuts the coal wall on the top plate side, and the cut coal slides down the coal wall from the side wing of the coal mining machine body. The rear drum of the coal mining machine (2) cuts a small amount of coal on the bottom plate side, and the cut coal slides down directly along the coal wall. The coal cut by the front and rear drums slides to the right end of the working face and slides down to the right coal bunker (11) through the right wing coal chute (7).

[0098] When cutting coal downwards, the front drum of the coal mining machine (2) cuts the coal wall on the top plate side, and the cut coal slides directly down the coal wall surface. The rear drum of the coal mining machine (2) cuts a small portion of the coal on the bottom plate side, and the cut coal slides down the coal wall surface from the side wing of the coal mining machine body. The coal cut by the front and rear drums slides to the right end of the working face and slides down to the right wing coal chute (7) to the right wing coal bunker (11).

[0099] The coal mining machine has a driver's seat on its body. The front and rear drivers move with the coal mining machine from their seats. Scaffolders and maintenance personnel can work between the two coal mining machines on the left and right slopes. The area between the two coal mining machines is the coal conveyor chutes, which is a safety zone. Pedestrians and workers are prohibited in the coal conveyor chutes on both sides. When the coal mining machine is cutting coal up or down the slope, it can be remotely or electrically moved using electro-hydraulic control. When the roof pressure is not high, it can move forward by utilizing the natural sinking of the supports.

[0100] S304: After the coal mining machine 2 cuts the coal, the hydraulic supports 3 behind the coal mining machine are restricted by the hinged rings and slowly sink forward in sequence. The maximum sinking and forward movement distance of a single hydraulic support 3 is 0.1m. The length of the curved sinking section H is in the range of 8 to 10m, and the drop is consistent with the cutting depth of the drum. According to the cutting depth of 0.8m and the width of the hydraulic support 3 of 1m, a curved section is formed within the range of eight hydraulic supports 3, and the drop reaches the cutting depth value. Because the hydraulic support group 3 on the working face is restricted by the balanced arrangement of the two wings and the hinge, there is no need to set up an additional anti-slip structure.

[0101] S305: Coal from the left wing coal bunker 9 and the right wing coal bunker 11 is transported out via belt conveyor or tandem car inlet inlet transport roadway 15.

[0102] S4: The working face is withdrawn.

[0103] S401: Before the working face is withdrawn, the bottom sidewall 13 is widened to form the withdrawal roadway 16. If the coal seam thickness is 2m, the width of the withdrawal roadway 16 is controlled between 5m and 6m. Figure 12 As shown in (a);

[0104] S402: As the coal face at the end of the working face is mined down, both ends of the working face enter the retreat roadway 16. The hydraulic support 3 gradually enters the retreat roadway 16, as... Figure 12 As shown in (b), after the hydraulic support 3 is in place, the connecting components such as the hinge rings and cable trays between the hydraulic supports 3 are disassembled and retracted in sequence. Figure 12 As shown in (c);

[0105] S403: Fully retract the support column of hydraulic support 3, extend the balance jack, and retract hydraulic support 3, causing the retracted hydraulic support 3 to separate from the roof and sidewalls and tilt towards the roadway space of the floor and sidewalls. Figure 12As shown in (d), the emulsion inlet and outlet pipelines are then separated, and the hydraulic support 3 is controlled to tilt towards the support flatbed truck to complete the loading and transportation. The supports are then withdrawn one by one, as follows: Figure 12 As shown in (e);

[0106] S404: As the working face gradually shortens, the left and right ends of the working face converge towards the middle; during the convergence of the working face, in order to reduce the slope angle of the working face, small coal chute holes 26 are drilled at certain intervals (10m to 20m) along the coal seam in the retreat roadway to improve the coal output efficiency of the working face.

[0107] S405: When the number of remaining hydraulic supports 3 in the middle is 10 to 20, and neither the hydraulic supports 3 nor the coal mining machine 2 has landed in the retreat roadway 16, ensure that all hydraulic supports 3 remain in a column-supported state; due to the limitation of the articulation, the maximum lowering range of a single hydraulic support 3 is 0.1m. Lower each hydraulic support 3 slowly one by one, raise the floating material under the hydraulic support 3, and after the hydraulic support 3 has descended as a whole, make the support legs contact the floating material to achieve a buffer landing. Then disassemble the coal mining machine 2 and retreat the remaining hydraulic supports 3.

[0108] The present invention discloses a ventilation method for a near-vertical coal seam inclined longwall mining roadway layout system, the method comprising two ventilation routes:

[0109] Ventilation Route 1: The airflow enters from the bottom plate intake air transport roadway 15, and passes sequentially through the corresponding connecting roadway 24, coal seam mining roadway 2 10, the left slope of working face 23, the right slope of working face 23, the corresponding connecting roadway 24, coal seam mining roadway 4 18, the corresponding connecting roadway 24 to the bottom plate return air roadway 22, and is finally discharged externally.

[0110] Ventilation Route 2: The airflow enters from the bottom plate intake air transport roadway 15, passes through the corresponding connecting roadway 24, coal seam return roadway 2 10 and the left slope of working face 23 in sequence, and then flows to the goaf area on the right slope of working face 23. It is then discharged to the outside through the regulating air door 27 installed at the right wing end of the cut-out 1 and the corresponding connecting roadway 24 to the bottom plate return air roadway 22.

[0111] The working face is ventilated from the top, while the ventilation direction of the working face and the goaf is horizontal Y-shaped. All gaseous materials in the goaf will move with the airflow to the upper right corner of the goaf and eventually be discharged from the connecting roadway in the upper right corner. The gas control in the goaf is within the control range of the ventilation system and is discharged in real time with the ventilation system to ensure that there is no gas accumulation in the working face and the goaf.

[0112] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0113] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A mining method for a near-vertical coal seam inclined longwall mining roadway layout system, characterized in that: This includes the working face (23) and the rock strata roadways and coal seam roadways that are used to serve the mining of the working face and are connected by multi-point connecting roadways (24); The working face (23) adopts a double-wing symmetrical pseudo-inclined arrangement and advances obliquely along the coal seam inclination direction. Each of the two working faces is equipped with a coal mining machine (2). The roof of the mining operation area of ​​the working face (23) and the collapsed floating objects above it are supported by hydraulic supports (3). The rock stratum roadway includes a bottom intake air transport roadway (15), a bottom auxiliary transport roadway (20), a track transport roadway (21), and a bottom return air roadway (22); the bottom return air roadway (22), the bottom auxiliary transport roadway (20), and the bottom intake air transport roadway (15) are arranged side by side from top to bottom along the dipping direction of the coal seam and are connected by the inclined track transport roadway (21); The coal seam roadways include an installation cut-out (1), a left-wing coal chute (6), a right-wing coal chute (7), a coal seam recovery roadway one (8), a left-wing coal bunker (9), a coal seam recovery roadway two (10), a right-wing coal bunker (11), a withdrawal roadway (16), a coal seam recovery roadway three (17), and a coal seam recovery roadway four (18). The installation cut-out (1) is located at the same height as the bottom return airway (22) at the upper boundary of the mining area, and is arranged along the direction of the coal seam bottom plate. Its length is the total length of the left and right slopes after the working face (23) is adjusted to the required angle. The left-wing coal chute (6) connects the left end of the left slope of the working face (23) and the opening of the left-wing coal bunker (9), and is used to guide coal to the left-wing coal bunker (9). The right-wing coal chute (7) connects the working face (23) to the left end of the left slope of the working face (23) and the opening of the left-wing coal bunker (9). 3) The right end of the right slope and the opening of the right wing coal bunker (11) are used to guide coal to the right wing coal bunker (11); the lower end of the left wing coal bunker (9) and the lower end of the right wing coal bunker (11) are connected to the bottom plate intake transport roadway (15); the second coal seam mining roadway (10) is connected to the left end of the left slope of the working face (23) and is connected to the first coal seam mining roadway (8) through the corresponding connecting roadway (24); the third coal seam mining roadway (17) is connected to the right end of the right slope of the working face (23) and is connected to the fourth coal seam mining roadway (18) through the corresponding connecting roadway (24); coal chute isolation fences (19) are provided between the second coal seam mining roadway (10) and the left wing coal chute (6) and between the third coal seam mining roadway (17) and the right wing coal chute (7); The aforementioned recovery and withdrawal roadway (16) is used for the separation and withdrawal of the hydraulic support (3) during the recovery of the working face (23) and for the transportation of coal from the coal bunker; The mining method includes the following steps: S1: Tunneling, installing the cut-in (1), and installing the equipment; including the following steps: S101: Wide tunnel installation cut-out (1) is formed by widening the roof and sidewalls (12) or by one-time excavation; S102: After the hydraulic support (3) is transported to the installation cut-out (1) via rail, the hydraulic support (3) is erected on the bottom plate side (13) using the lifting equipment, so that the bottom plate side support beam of the hydraulic support (3) is close to the bottom plate side (13). Then the column jacks of the hydraulic support (3) are raised. After the hydraulic support (3) is extended, the bottom feet of the top plate side support beam and the bottom plate side support beam of the hydraulic support (3) are simultaneously placed on the ground, and the outer width of the two support beams is consistent with the thickness of the coal seam (14), thus completing the installation of a single hydraulic support (3). S103: All hydraulic supports (3) are connected along the entire length of the working surface by means of hinged ring sleeves; S104: At the same time, two coal mining machines (2) are set up within the support range of the hydraulic support (3) to pull the coal wall below the position of the drum and rocker arm of the coal mining machine (2) to form a bottom space that matches the cutting depth. Then the installation of the coal mining machine body and cable trough is completed. S2: Rotation and tilt adjustment during the initial mining stage of both wings of the working face; including the following steps: S201: For the right slope, the coal mining machine (2) takes the tilting rotation point (5) of the tilting rotation centerline (4) of the middle of the installation cutter (1) as the reference, and performs short knife coal cutting operation at the rightmost end of the working face according to the angle between the tilting and the direction of the working face after the pre-calculated adjustment. The cut coal is pushed into the arc-shaped roadway of the right wing coal chute (7) by the full-length pusher shovel equipped with the coal mining machine (2) to achieve self-flowing down. S202: Continue to use the tilting rotation point (5) as the center, gradually increase the length of the short cutting blade of the coal mining machine (2) to carry out reciprocating short cutting coal operation until it reaches 1 / 2 working face length, which satisfies the true inclination angle of the working face; S203: After the coal mining machine (2) cuts the coal, the hydraulic support (3) behind the coal mining machine is restricted by the hinge rings and slowly sinks and moves forward in sequence; S204: For the left slope, the same steps as above are performed simultaneously. S3: Conduct coal mining operations at the working face; S4: The working face is withdrawn.

2. The mining method of the inclined longwall mining roadway layout system for near-vertical coal seams according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydraulic support (3) has a pressure-enhancing jack (28) with hinged connection between the top plate side support beam and the bottom foot of the top plate side support beam.

3. The mining method of the inclined longwall mining roadway layout system for near-vertical coal seams according to claim 2, characterized in that: S3 includes the following steps: S301: Coal mining machine (2) lowers the track belt floating coal flow limiting push shovel; S302: Coal cutting on the left slope working face: The front and rear drums of the coal mining machine (2) both rotate clockwise to the right. When cutting coal upwards, the front drum of the coal mining machine (2) cuts the coal wall on the top plate side, and the cut coal slides down from under the coal mining machine body. The rear drum of the coal mining machine (2) cuts a small amount of coal on the bottom plate side, and the cut coal slides down directly along the coal wall surface. The coal cut by the front and rear drums slides to the left end of the working face and slides down to the left wing coal chute (6) to the left wing coal bunker (9). When cutting coal downwards, the front drum of the coal mining machine (2) cuts the coal wall on the top plate side, and the cut coal slides directly down along the coal wall surface. The rear drum of the coal mining machine (2) cuts a small portion of the coal on the bottom plate side, and the cut coal slides down from under the coal mining machine body. The coal cut by the front and rear drums slides to the left end of the working face and slides down through the left wing coal chute (6) to the left wing coal bunker (9). S303: Coal cutting on the right slope working face: The front and rear drums of the coal mining machine (2) rotate counterclockwise to the left. When cutting coal upwards, the front drum of the coal mining machine (2) cuts the coal wall on the top plate side, and the cut coal slides down the coal wall from the side wing of the coal mining machine body. The rear drum of the coal mining machine (2) cuts a small amount of coal on the bottom plate side, and the cut coal slides down directly along the coal wall. The coal cut by the front and rear drums slides to the right end of the working face and slides down to the right coal bunker (11) through the right wing coal chute (7). When cutting coal downwards, the front drum of the coal mining machine (2) cuts the coal wall on the top plate side, and the cut coal slides directly down the coal wall surface. The rear drum of the coal mining machine (2) cuts a small portion of the coal on the bottom plate side, and the cut coal slides down the coal wall surface from the side wing of the coal mining machine body. The coal cut by the front and rear drums slides to the right end of the working face and slides down to the right wing coal chute (7) to the right wing coal bunker (11). S304: After the coal mining machine (2) cuts the coal, the hydraulic support (3) behind the coal mining machine is restricted by the hinge rings and slowly sinks and moves forward in sequence; S305: Coal in the left wing coal bunker (9) and right wing coal bunker (11) is transported out by belt conveyor or tandem car in the bottom plate air intake transport roadway (15).

4. The mining method of the inclined longwall mining roadway layout system for near-vertical coal seams according to claim 2, characterized in that: S4 includes the following steps: S401: Open and widen the bottom plate sidewall (13) to form a withdrawal roadway (16); S402: As the coal wall at the end of the working face is mined down, both ends of the working face enter the retreat roadway (16). The hydraulic support (3) gradually enters the retreat roadway (16). After the hydraulic support (3) lands in place, the connecting parts between the hydraulic supports (3) are disconnected and separated and retreated in sequence. S403: Fully retract the support column of the hydraulic support (3), extend the balance jack, shrink the hydraulic support (3), so that the shrunken hydraulic support (3) separates from the roof and side and tilts towards the bottom side roadway space. Then separate the emulsion into the pipeline, control the hydraulic support (3) to tilt towards the support flatbed truck, complete the loading and transportation, and withdraw the support one by one. S404: As the working face gradually shortens, the left and right ends of the working face converge towards the middle; during the convergence of the working face, small coal chute holes are drilled upward along the coal seam at certain intervals in the retreat roadway (26). S405: When the number of remaining hydraulic supports (3) in the middle is 10 to 20, and neither the hydraulic supports (3) nor the coal mining machine (2) has landed in the retreat roadway (16), ensure that all hydraulic supports (3) remain in the column support state; raise the floating cargo under the hydraulic supports (3), and after the hydraulic supports (3) are lowered as a whole, make the support legs contact the floating cargo to achieve a buffer landing, then disassemble the coal mining machine (2) and retreat the remaining hydraulic supports (3).

5. A ventilation method for a near-vertical coal seam inclined longwall mining roadway layout system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method includes two ventilation routes: Ventilation Route 1: The airflow enters from the bottom plate intake air transport roadway (15), passes through the corresponding connecting roadway (24), coal seam mining roadway 2 (10), the left slope of the working face (23), the right slope of the working face (23), the corresponding connecting roadway (24), coal seam mining roadway 4 (18), the corresponding connecting roadway (24) to the bottom plate return air roadway (22), and is finally discharged externally; Ventilation Route 2: The airflow enters from the bottom plate intake transport roadway (15), passes through the corresponding connecting roadway (24), the second coal seam mining roadway (10), and the left slope of the working face (23) in sequence, and then flows to the goaf area on the right slope of the working face (23). It then flows to the bottom plate return airway (22) through the regulating air door (27) at the right wing end of the cut-out (1) and the corresponding connecting roadway (24), and is finally discharged externally.

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