A reusable reinforced support anchor and its construction method

Abstract

This invention discloses a reusable reinforced support anchor bolt and its construction method, comprising: an installation base connected to an anchor bolt head via multiple adjusting screws, each adjusting screw being threadedly connected to the anchor bolt head; a first driving worm gear and a first driving worm being provided on the anchor bolt head; a detachable anchor bolt being provided on the lower end face of the anchor bolt head; a bidirectional screw being provided in the detachable anchor bolt; a transmission rod being connected to one end of the bidirectional screw; the transmission rod being fixedly connected to the first driving worm gear in the anchor bolt head; a filling device being provided on the bidirectional screw; and a driving gear being fixedly provided at the other end of the bidirectional screw; a transmission gear and a locking tooth being provided in the detachable anchor bolt via a rotating shaft; both the transmission gear and the locking tooth being fixedly connected to the rotating shaft; and the locking tooth being disposed in an open cavity on the side of the detachable anchor bolt, the locking tooth having a cam-type structure. This invention solves the problems of the inability to promptly compensate for the loss of support force of existing anchor bolts and the difficulty in recycling them.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of support component technology, specifically relating to a reusable reinforced support anchor and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] The statements in this section are merely background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] In coal mining, deep foundation pits, tunnels, and other underground chamber engineering projects, rock bolt and cable anchors are widely used rock mass support methods. Traditional rock bolt support typically uses metal rods, which are inserted into pre-drilled holes and bonded to the surrounding rock and stable rock mass, thereby achieving a suspension effect, a composite beam effect, and reinforcement of the surrounding rock to achieve effective support. However, in actual engineering, when encountering loose rock structures, well-developed joints, or numerous pores, the surrounding rock is prone to continuous deformation or slippage, causing the original anchoring system to gradually loosen, the preload to decrease, or even fail, potentially leading to safety accidents such as rock collapse.

[0004] Furthermore, traditional anchor bolts lack effective secondary adjustment capabilities after installation, failing to adapt to changes in anchor bolt stress caused by ground deformation, making it difficult to compensate for losses in support force in a timely manner. Simultaneously, conventional anchor bolts primarily rely on grouting or mechanical anchoring, whose pull-out resistance is significantly affected by soil and rock conditions. Especially in weak or fractured surrounding rock, the anchoring effect is often unsatisfactory, and most anchor bolts are for single use only, making recycling difficult, resulting in resource waste and environmental impact. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a reusable reinforced support anchor and its construction method, which solves the problems of the inability to compensate for the loss of support force in existing anchors in a timely manner and the difficulty in recycling them.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a reusable reinforced support anchor bolt, comprising: a mounting base; an anchor bolt head disposed on the upper part of the mounting base; a plurality of adjusting screws rotatably disposed between the mounting base and the anchor bolt head, each adjusting screw being threadedly connected to the anchor bolt head; and a drive assembly for controlling the rotation of the adjusting screws disposed within the mounting base; a first drive worm gear and a first drive worm are disposed on the anchor bolt head; a guide opening is disposed at the center of the mounting base; and a detachable anchor bolt is disposed on the lower end face of the anchor bolt head, wherein a bidirectional screw is disposed within the detachable anchor bolt. One end of the lever is connected to a transmission rod, which passes through the guide opening and is fixedly connected to the first drive worm gear in the anchor head. A filling device is provided on the bidirectional screw, and a drive gear is fixedly provided at the other end of the bidirectional screw. The disassembly and assembly anchor rod is provided with a transmission gear and a locking tooth through a rotating shaft. Both the transmission gear and the locking tooth are fixedly connected to the rotating shaft. An open cavity is provided on the side of the disassembly and assembly anchor rod, and the locking tooth is set in the open cavity. The locking tooth has a cam-type structure. When the bidirectional screw rotates, the locking tooth extends out of the open cavity and is fixed to the support hole.

[0007] As a further implementation, the drive assembly includes a follower gear, a second drive worm, and a second drive worm wheel that are hinged to the mounting base via a pin. The second drive worm and the second drive worm wheel mesh with each other. Multiple follower gears are provided and evenly distributed around the second drive worm wheel. The follower gears are fixedly connected to the adjusting screw.

[0008] As a further implementation, a first driving nut is provided on the first driving worm gear, and a second driving nut is provided on the second driving worm gear.

[0009] As a further implementation, there are multiple filling devices, and every two are symmetrically distributed vertically.

[0010] As a further implementation, the filling device includes a filler cavity fixedly installed in the detachable anchor bolt. One end of the filler cavity is provided with a drain port, which communicates with the support hole. A dust cover is provided at the drain port. The other end of the filler cavity is provided with a piston ring, which is installed in the filler cavity. One end of the piston ring is connected to a push rod, and the other end of the push rod is provided with a threaded cylinder, which is installed on the bidirectional lead screw.

[0011] As a further implementation, the bidirectional lead screw and the transmission rod are connected by a snap-fit ​​connection. The end of the bidirectional lead screw away from the drive gear is provided with a plug-in seat, and a plug rod is provided on the plug-in seat. One end of the transmission rod is provided with a slot, and the plug rod mates with the slot. A fastening screw is provided on the side of the transmission rod.

[0012] As a further implementation, the detachable anchor rod consists of multiple hollow anchor rods. Each hollow anchor rod has a fixing groove at its top and a fixing cylinder at its bottom. The fixing groove and the fixing cylinder are inserted together. A fixing screw hole is provided on the hollow anchor rod radially corresponding to the fixing groove. A connecting bolt is provided in the fixing screw hole. The connecting bolt is used to fix the fixing groove and the fixing cylinder.

[0013] As a further implementation, a connecting screw hole is also provided on the hollow anchor rod corresponding to the radial direction of the fixing groove. The connecting screw hole corresponds to the position of the fastening screw, and a water-blocking plug is provided in the connecting screw hole.

[0014] Secondly, the present invention also provides a construction method for reusable reinforced support anchor bolts, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Connect multiple disassembled anchor rods to each other, and fix the bidirectional lead screw and transmission rod with fixing bolts. Fix the fixing cylinder and fixing groove with multiple connecting bolts. Step 2: Place the assembled support anchor into the pre-drilled support hole until the bottom of the anchor reaches the bottom of the hole. Use an electric wrench to rotate the first drive nut, which in turn rotates the first drive worm gear. The worm gear then rotates the first drive worm wheel, which in turn rotates the double-acting screw. The screw moves the threaded cylinder, which in turn moves the push rod. The push rod then pushes the piston ring, forcing the piston ring to expel the filler from the filler cavity, thus filling the gap in the support hole. The double-acting screw inside the bottom anchor rotates the drive gear, which in turn rotates two transmission gears. These two transmission gears then unfold the corresponding retaining teeth, completing the fixation of the support hole. Step 3: Rotate the second drive nut using an electric wrench. The second drive nut rotates the second drive worm, which in turn rotates the second drive worm wheel. The second drive worm wheel rotates the drive gear ring, which in turn rotates the four follower gears. The four follower gears then rotate the corresponding control screws to adjust the tightness of the support area.

[0015] As a further implementation method, in step two, after the support anchor is placed into the pre-drilled support hole, the mounting base needs to be fixedly connected to the area to be reinforced by bolts.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of this invention are: The present invention features a plurality of adjustable screws rotatably mounted between the mounting base and the anchor head. Each adjustable screw is threadedly connected to the anchor head, and the mounting base contains a drive assembly that controls the rotation of the adjustable screws. The drive assembly adjusts the distance between the mounting base and the anchor head, thereby achieving the tightening degree of the support anchor and the support area. This effectively compensates for the loss of preload caused by ground deformation or anchor loosening. The design support force can be restored at any time by readjusting the adjustable screws. A detachable anchor is mounted on the lower end face of the anchor head, and a bidirectional screw is installed in the detachable anchor. One end of the bidirectional screw is connected to a transmission rod, which passes through a guide opening and is fixedly connected to a first drive worm gear in the anchor head. A filling device is provided on the bidirectional screw to inject filler into the support anchoring hole. The other end of the bidirectional screw is fixed... The anchor bolt is equipped with a drive gear, and a transmission gear and a locking tooth are installed through a rotating shaft during installation and removal. Both the transmission gear and the locking tooth are fixedly connected to the rotating shaft. The locking tooth is located in an open cavity on the side of the anchor bolt and has a cam-type structure. When the double-acting screw rotates, the locking tooth extends out of the open cavity and directly engages with the rock or soil on the borehole wall, enhancing the pull-out resistance of the anchor bolt. At the same time, combined with the filling device, the anchor hole is filled with filler to form a "mechanical + adhesive" composite support system, which distributes the load more evenly to the surrounding rock mass, greatly improving the stress state of the anchor bolt and increasing the overall support strength and durability. After the support anchor bolt is used, the locking tooth can be rotated by the double-acting screw to realize the recycling of the support anchor bolt and clean up the filler, thereby improving the reusability of the anchor bolt and the environmental protection effect.

[0017] The filling device of the present invention includes a filler cavity fixedly installed in the anchor bolt. One end of the filler cavity is provided with a drain port, which communicates with the support hole. A dust cover is provided at the drain port to prevent the filler from being contaminated with impurities or coming into contact with the outside when it is not squeezed out. A piston ring is installed at the other end of the filler cavity. The piston ring is connected to one end of a push rod. The other end of the push rod is provided with a threaded cylinder, which is installed on the bidirectional screw. The bidirectional screw drives the two threaded cylinders to move to both ends of the bidirectional screw, thereby driving the corresponding push rods. The push rods then push the piston ring, causing the piston ring to squeeze out the filler in the filler cavity, thus filling the gap in the support hole. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the reinforced support anchor structure of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the reinforced support anchor bolt of the present invention. Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 A partially enlarged structural diagram Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the anchor head structure of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the mounting base of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the reinforced support anchor bolt of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the toothed structure of the present invention. In the diagram: 1. Mounting base; 2. Anchor head; 3. Adjusting screw; 4. Anchor rod assembly / disassembly; 5. Fixing cylinder; 6. Fixing groove; 7. Plug-in socket; 8. Fixing bolt; 9. Fixing screw hole; 10. Connecting bolt; 11. Connecting screw hole; 12. Water-blocking plug; 13. Filler cavity; 14. Piston ring; 15. Double-acting screw; 16. Threaded cylinder; 17. Push rod; 18. Drain port; 19. Clamping gear; 20. Transmission gear; 21. Drive gear; 22. Drive gear ring; 23. Follower gear; 24. Second drive worm; 25. Second drive worm wheel; 26. Second drive nut; 27. First drive worm wheel; 28. First drive worm; 29. ​​First drive nut; 30. Guide opening; 31. Dust cover. Detailed Implementation

[0020] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0021] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, unless otherwise expressly indicated by the invention, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0022] Example 1 This embodiment provides a reusable reinforced support anchor bolt, such as... Figures 1-7As shown, it includes: a mounting base 1, an anchor head 2 disposed on the upper part of the mounting base 1, and multiple adjusting screws 3 rotatably disposed between the mounting base 1 and the anchor head 2. Each adjusting screw 3 is threadedly connected to the anchor head 2, and a drive assembly is provided inside the mounting base 1 to control the rotation of the adjusting screws 3. The distance between the mounting base 1 and the anchor head 2 is adjusted by the drive assembly, thereby realizing the tightening degree of the support anchor and the support area. This can effectively compensate for the loss of preload caused by stratum deformation or anchor loosening. Adjusting the control screw 3 allows for the restoration of the designed support force at any time. The anchor head 2 is equipped with a first drive worm gear 27 and a first drive worm 28. A guide opening 30 is located at the center of the mounting base 1. A detachable anchor rod 4 is mounted on the lower end face of the anchor head 2. A bidirectional screw 15 is installed in the detachable anchor rod 4. One end of the bidirectional screw 15 is connected to a transmission rod, which passes through the guide opening 30 and is fixedly connected to the first drive worm gear 27 in the anchor head 2. The bidirectional screw 15 is equipped with... A filling device is provided to inject filler into the support anchoring holes. A drive gear 21 is fixedly mounted on the other end of the bidirectional lead screw 15. A transmission gear 20 and a locking tooth 19 are connected to the rotating shaft in the detachable anchor rod 4 via a rotating shaft. Both the transmission gear 20 and the locking tooth 19 are fixedly connected to the rotating shaft. An open cavity is provided on the side of the detachable anchor rod 4, and the locking tooth 19 is disposed within this open cavity. The locking tooth 19 has a cam-like structure; when the bidirectional lead screw 15 rotates, the locking tooth 19 extends out of the open cavity. In addition, it directly interlocks with the rock or soil of the borehole wall, enhancing the pull-out resistance of the anchor bolt. At the same time, combined with the filling device, the injection of filler into the anchor hole forms a "mechanical + adhesive" composite support system, which distributes the load more evenly to the surrounding rock mass, greatly improving the stress state of the anchor bolt and increasing the overall support strength and durability. After the support anchor bolt is used up, the anchor bolt can be recycled by rotating the locking tooth 19 through the bidirectional four-bar mechanism, and the filler can be cleaned up at the same time, thereby improving the reusability of the anchor bolt and the environmental protection effect.

[0023] As a further implementation, the drive assembly includes follower gears 23, a second drive worm 24, and a second drive worm wheel 25, which are hinged to the mounting base 1 via pins. The second drive worm 24 and the second drive worm wheel 25 mesh with each other. Multiple follower gears 23 are evenly distributed around the second drive worm wheel 25, and the follower gears 23 are fixedly connected to the adjusting screw 3. An electric wrench drives the second drive worm 24 to rotate, which in turn drives the second drive worm wheel 25 to rotate. The second drive worm wheel 25 then drives the drive gear ring 22 to rotate, which in turn drives the four follower gears 23 to rotate. The rotation of the four follower gears 23 then drives the corresponding adjusting screw 3 to rotate, thus adjusting the structural tightening degree of the support area.

[0024] As a further implementation, the first drive worm 28 is provided with a first drive nut 29 for connecting the electric wrench and the first drive worm 28; the second drive worm 24 is provided with a second drive nut 26 for connecting the electric wrench and the second drive worm 24.

[0025] As a further implementation, there are multiple filling devices, and every two are symmetrically distributed vertically. Each filling device includes a filler cavity 13 body fixedly installed in the detachable anchor bolt 4. One end of the filler cavity 13 body is provided with a drain port 18, which communicates with the support hole. A dust cover 31 is provided at the drain port 18 to prevent the filler from being contaminated with impurities or coming into contact with the outside when it is not squeezed out. The other end of the filler cavity 13 body is provided with a piston ring 14, which is installed in the filler cavity 13 body. One end of the piston ring 14 is connected to a push rod 17, and the other end of the push rod 17 is provided with a threaded cylinder 16, which is installed on the bidirectional lead screw 15. The two threaded cylinders 16 are driven by the double-acting screw 15 to move to both ends of the double-acting screw 15. The threaded cylinders 16 then drive the corresponding push rods 17, and the push rods 17 push the piston rings 14, causing the piston rings 14 to squeeze out the filler in the filler cavity 13, thereby filling the gap of the support hole.

[0026] As a further implementation, the bidirectional lead screw 15 is connected to the transmission rod by a snap-fit ​​connection. The end of the bidirectional lead screw 15 away from the drive gear 21 is provided with a plug seat 7, and a plug rod is provided on the plug seat 7. One end of the transmission rod is provided with a slot, and the plug rod mates with the slot. A fastening screw is provided on the side of the transmission rod.

[0027] As a further implementation, the detachable anchor rod 4 is composed of multiple hollow anchor rods. Each hollow anchor rod has a fixing groove 6 at its top and a fixing cylinder 5 at its bottom. The fixing groove 6 and the fixing cylinder 5 are inserted into each other. The hollow anchor rod corresponding to the fixing groove 6 in the radial direction is provided with a fixing screw hole 9. A connecting bolt 10 is provided in the fixing screw hole 9. The connecting bolt 10 is used to fix the fixing groove 6 and the fixing cylinder 5.

[0028] As a further implementation, a connecting screw hole 11 is also provided on the hollow anchor rod corresponding to the radial direction of the fixing groove 6. The connecting screw hole 11 corresponds to the position of the fastening screw, and a water-blocking plug 12 is provided in the connecting screw hole 11.

[0029] Example 2 This embodiment provides a construction method for reusable reinforced support anchors, including the following steps: Step 1: Connect multiple disassembly and assembly anchor rods 4 to each other, and fix the bidirectional lead screw 15 to the transmission rod with fixing bolts 8, and fix the fixing cylinder 5 to the fixing groove 6 with multiple connecting bolts 10. Step 2: Place the assembled support anchor into the pre-drilled support hole until the bottom of the anchor 4 reaches the bottom of the support hole. After the support anchor is placed into the pre-drilled support hole, the mounting base 1 needs to be fixedly connected to the area to be reinforced using bolts. Use an electric wrench to rotate the first drive nut 29, which in turn rotates the first drive worm gear 28, which in turn rotates the first drive worm wheel 27. The first drive worm wheel 27 then... The bidirectional lead screw 15 rotates, which drives the threaded cylinder 16 to move. The threaded cylinder 16 then drives the push rod 17, which in turn pushes the piston ring 14, causing the piston ring 14 to squeeze out the filler in the filler cavity 13, thus filling the gap in the support hole. The bidirectional lead screw 15 in the bottom anchor rod drives the drive gear 21 to rotate, which in turn drives the two transmission gears 20 to rotate. The two transmission gears 20 drive the corresponding retaining teeth 19 to unfold, thus completing the fixation of the support hole. Step 3: Rotate the second drive nut 26 using an electric wrench. The second drive nut 26 rotates the second drive worm 24, which in turn rotates the second drive worm wheel 25. The second drive worm wheel 25 rotates the drive gear ring 22, which in turn rotates the four follower gears 23. The four follower gears 23 then rotate the corresponding adjusting screws 3 to tighten the structure of the support area. This increases the tightness of the support area, reduces the risk of structural slippage due to looseness, and improves the overall strength of the support area. When the support is no longer needed, the double-acting four-bar lever can be rotated to rotate the locking teeth 19, clean the filler, and remove the entire anchor bolt assembly. The removed anchor bolt assembly can then be disassembled for later use, enabling recycling and making it environmentally friendly.

[0030] While the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, this is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative effort based on the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A reusable reinforced support anchor bolt, characterized in that, include: An anchor head is provided on the upper part of the mounting base. Multiple adjusting screws are rotatably connected between the mounting base and the anchor head. Each adjusting screw is threadedly connected to the anchor head. A drive assembly for controlling the rotation of the adjusting screws is provided inside the mounting base. The anchor head is provided with a first drive worm gear and a first drive worm. A guide opening is provided at the center of the mounting base. A detachable anchor rod is provided on the lower end face of the anchor head. A bidirectional screw is provided in the detachable anchor rod. One end of the bidirectional screw is connected to a transmission rod, which passes through the guide opening and is fixedly connected to the first drive worm gear in the anchor head. A filling device is provided on the bidirectional screw. A drive gear is fixedly provided at the other end of the bidirectional screw. A transmission gear and a locking tooth are provided in the detachable anchor rod via a rotating shaft. Both the transmission gear and the locking tooth are fixedly connected to the rotating shaft. An open cavity is provided on the side of the detachable anchor rod. The locking tooth is located in the open cavity and has a cam-type structure. When the bidirectional screw rotates, the locking tooth extends out of the open cavity and is fixed to the support hole. The drive assembly includes a follower gear, a second drive worm, and a second drive worm wheel that are hinged to the mounting base via a pin. The second drive worm and the second drive worm wheel mesh with each other. Multiple follower gears are provided and evenly distributed around the second drive worm wheel. The follower gears are fixedly connected to the adjusting screw. There are multiple filling devices, and every two are symmetrically distributed vertically. The filling device includes a filler cavity fixedly installed in the detachable anchor bolt. One end of the filler cavity is provided with a drain port, which communicates with the support hole. A dust cover is provided at the drain port. The other end of the filler cavity is provided with a piston ring, which is installed in the filler cavity. The piston ring is connected to one end of a push rod, and the other end of the push rod is provided with a threaded cylinder, which is installed on the bidirectional lead screw.

2. The reusable reinforced support anchor bolt as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first drive worm is provided with a first drive nut, and the second drive worm is provided with a second drive nut.

3. A reusable reinforced support anchor bolt as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The bidirectional lead screw and the transmission rod are connected by a snap-fit ​​connection. The end of the bidirectional lead screw away from the drive gear is provided with a plug-in seat, and a plug rod is provided on the plug-in seat. One end of the transmission rod is provided with a slot, and the plug rod mates with the slot. A fastening screw is provided on the side of the transmission rod.

4. A reusable reinforced support anchor bolt as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The detachable anchor rod consists of multiple hollow anchor rods. Each hollow anchor rod has a fixing groove at its top and a fixing cylinder at its bottom. The fixing groove and the fixing cylinder are inserted together. A fixing screw hole is provided on the hollow anchor rod corresponding to the fixing groove in the radial direction. A connecting bolt is provided in the fixing screw hole. The connecting bolt is used to fix the fixing groove and the fixing cylinder.

5. A reusable reinforced support anchor bolt as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The hollow anchor rod corresponding to the radial direction of the fixing groove is also provided with a connecting screw hole, the connecting screw hole is positioned corresponding to the fastening screw, and a water-blocking plug is provided in the connecting screw hole.

6. The construction method of a reusable reinforced support anchor as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Connect multiple disassembled anchor rods to each other, and fix the bidirectional lead screw and transmission rod with fastening screws. Fix the fixing cylinder and fixing groove with multiple connecting bolts. Step 2: Place the assembled support anchor into the pre-drilled support hole until the bottom of the anchor reaches the bottom of the hole. Use an electric wrench to rotate the first drive nut, which in turn rotates the first drive worm gear. The worm gear then rotates the first drive worm wheel, which in turn rotates the double-acting screw. The screw moves the threaded cylinder, which in turn moves the push rod. The push rod then pushes the piston ring, forcing the piston ring to expel the filler from the filler cavity, thus filling the gap in the support hole. The double-acting screw inside the bottom anchor rotates the drive gear, which in turn rotates two transmission gears. These two transmission gears then unfold the corresponding retaining teeth, completing the fixation of the support hole. Step 3: Rotate the second drive nut using an electric wrench. The second drive nut rotates the second drive worm, which in turn rotates the second drive worm wheel. The second drive worm wheel rotates the drive gear ring, which in turn rotates the four follower gears. The four follower gears then rotate the corresponding control screws to adjust the tightness of the support area.

7. The construction method of a reusable reinforced support anchor as described in claim 6, characterized in that, In step two, after the support anchor is placed into the pre-drilled support hole, the mounting base needs to be fixedly connected to the area to be reinforced using bolts.

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