Honeycomb filling device and filling method

Abstract

This invention relates to a honeycomb filling device and method. The invention discloses an underground filling equipment and method. The filling equipment includes a hydraulic support, with a vertical front baffle and a reversible rear baffle at the rear. The front and rear baffles cooperate to form a transverse casting template. Both the front and rear baffles are equipped with a width expansion mechanism. The top platform of the hydraulic support is equipped with a pipe for injecting filling slurry into the casting template. The underground filling equipment and method provided by this invention can effectively prevent air leakage in the goaf, minimize the risk of spontaneous combustion in the goaf, and thus further improve the efficiency of filling mining in fully mechanized mining faces, reduce production costs, and enhance production safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mining equipment, and in particular to an underground filling device and filling method. Background Technology

[0002] With increasingly stringent environmental constraints on coal mining, coal mine backfilling technology, as an important component of the "green mining technology system," serves as a crucial link between coal mining and environmental protection. Numerous domestic and international scholars have conducted in-depth theoretical research and practical applications of backfilling mining. However, its widespread adoption and application have yet to be achieved, primarily due to the backfilling efficiency failing to keep pace with the mining efficiency of the working face, and persistently high production costs.

[0003] Theoretically, complete backfilling of goafs can minimize surface subsidence caused by coal mining. However, the high cost and low efficiency of backfilling limit its application in most mines. Partial backfilling, on the other hand, can better address these challenges. When partially backfilling goafs, proper sealing and isolation measures are necessary between the coal face and the backfilling area to prevent long-term communication between the non-backfilled area and the coal face. This could lead to spontaneous combustion in the non-backfilled area due to prolonged air leakage, causing fires and significant casualties and property damage. Therefore, how to further reduce backfilling costs, improve backfilling efficiency, and ensure safety are issues that require continuous and in-depth research in coal mine backfilling mining. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a downhole filling device and a filling method for downhole filling that can improve filling efficiency, reduce production costs, and ensure safety; the specific technical solution is as follows: A downhole filling device includes a hydraulic support; a transverse filling section is provided at the rear of the hydraulic support; the transverse filling section includes a front baffle in a vertical direction and a flip-up rear baffle; the front baffle and the rear baffle cooperate to form a transverse casting template; the top platform of the hydraulic support is provided with a pipe for injecting filling slurry into the transverse casting template.

[0005] Furthermore, both the front baffle and the rear baffle are provided with a width expansion mechanism.

[0006] Furthermore, a transverse filling base plate is provided at the top of the transverse filling section; the rear part of the transverse filling base plate is a rear template driving platform; the top of the rear baffle is hinged to the front end of the rear template driving platform; a gear is sleeved on the hinge shaft, and the gear is fixedly connected to the rear baffle; a linear motor is provided on the rear template driving platform; the drive rod of the linear motor is fixedly connected to a rack that drives the gear; the rear baffle is driven to flip through the rack.

[0007] Furthermore, the width expansion mechanism is driven by a linear motor; position sensors are provided on both the left and right sides of the front and rear baffles; the position sensors transmit the signal of the baffle abutting against the longitudinal filling body to the control system, which then controls the linear motor to stop moving forward.

[0008] Furthermore, the hydraulic support can be a hydraulic support of the mining equipment or a separate hydraulic support that is rigidly connected to the hydraulic support of the mining equipment.

[0009] Furthermore, a longitudinal filling section is also provided; the rear end of the longitudinal filling section is a U-shaped longitudinal filling template; in conjunction with the hydraulic support, it fills section by section to form a longitudinal filling body.

[0010] This application also discloses a method for filling goaf in underground mines, including the following steps: 1) Several longitudinal filling bodies are poured in the goaf using a template, the height of the longitudinal filling bodies being consistent with the height of the goaf; the lateral distance between adjacent longitudinal filling bodies is greater than the width of the downhole filling equipment described in claim 1; 2) Transport the downhole filling equipment into the channel formed by two adjacent longitudinal filling bodies; 3) Raise the height of the hydraulic support; tighten the hydraulic support against the top wall of the goaf; and extend the vertical front baffle to abut against the longitudinal filling bodies on the left and right; 4) Flip the rear baffle to the vertical direction; and extend the rear baffle to abut against the longitudinal filling bodies on the left and right; 5) Inject filling grout into the casting template through the pouring port; stop filling when the template drive platform is close to the bottom surface. 6) Once the filling material is basically formed, rotate the rear template to a horizontal position; then pull out the rear template separating platform. 7) Fill the gap between the horizontal backfill and the top wall of the goaf layer by layer until it is sealed; 8) Repeat steps 1) to 7) to form a honeycomb filling body in the goaf.

[0011] This application also discloses another method for filling goaf in underground mines, including the following steps: 1) The longitudinal filling section of the aforementioned downhole filling equipment is used to form a longitudinal filling body segment by segment; 2) Raise the height of the hydraulic support; tighten the hydraulic support against the top wall of the goaf; and extend the vertical front baffle to abut against the longitudinal filling bodies on the left and right; 3) Flip the rear baffle to the vertical direction; and extend the rear baffle to abut against the longitudinal filling bodies on the left and right; 4) Inject filling grout into the casting template through the pouring port; stop filling when the template drive platform is close to the bottom surface. 5) Once the filling material is basically formed, rotate the rear template to a horizontal position; then pull out the rear template separating platform. 6) Fill the gap between the horizontal backfill and the top wall of the goaf layer by layer until it is sealed; 7) Repeat steps 1) to 6) to form a honeycomb filling body in the goaf.

[0012] The above technical solution has the following beneficial effects: The underground filling equipment and filling method provided by this invention reduce the amount of filling in the goaf by 40-50% compared with traditional filling mining, saving costs. The horizontally constructed filling body can prevent air leakage and avoid spontaneous combustion in the goaf. At the same time, the horizontal filling body also plays a role in supporting the roof, which greatly improves the safety of filling mining. It can also realize automated filling, reduce the labor intensity of filling mining, and improve the efficiency of filling mining in fully mechanized mining faces. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic top view of the filling result of the downhole filling equipment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the lateral structure of the downhole filling equipment of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the lateral structure of the downhole filling equipment of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the lateral structure of the downhole filling equipment of the present invention. Figure 3 ; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the downhole filling equipment of the present invention; Figure 6 for Figure 5 Enlarged view of section A in the middle; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the front and rear templates.

[0014] In the diagram: 1. Hydraulic support; 11. Top plate; 12. Bottom plate; 13. Hydraulic support column; 14. First tie rod; 15. Second tie rod; 2. Transverse filling section; 21. Transverse filling base plate; 211. Rear template drive motor; 212. Rack; 22. Front template; 221. Front template fixing plate; 222. Front template movable plate; 23. Rear template; 231. Rear template fixing plate; 2311. Rear template unfolding motor; 232. Rear template movable plate; 24. Gear; 24. Distributing pipe; 3. Longitudinal filling template; 31. Longitudinal filling upper template; 32. Longitudinal filling lower template; 4. Longitudinal filling body; 5. Transverse filling body; 6. Mixer; 7. Aggregate conveying pipe; 8. Gel conveying pipe; 9. Grouting main pipe; 91. Grouting branch pipe; B. Thickness of transverse filling body; L. Distance between two transverse filling bodies. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The invention will now be described more fully by way of examples. The invention can be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the exemplary embodiments described herein.

[0016] For ease of explanation, spatial relative terms such as “up,” “down,” “left,” and “right” may be used herein to describe the relationship of one element or feature shown in the figure relative to another element or feature. It should be understood that, in addition to the orientation shown in the figure, spatial terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation. For example, if the device in the figure is inverted, an element described as being “down” of another element or feature would be positioned “up” of that other element or feature. Therefore, the exemplary term “down” can encompass both up and down orientations. The device may be positioned in other ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0017] like Figure 1As shown, the underground filling equipment provided in this embodiment of the invention can form a combination of longitudinal filling bodies 4 and transverse filling bodies 5 in the goaf, forming several closed spaces and constituting a honeycomb-like filling structure. This honeycomb-like filling structure helps reduce airflow space, improves ventilation, and avoids gas accumulation that could lead to accidents. The filling system is supplied with grout by a grouting system. The grouting system adopts existing technology and mainly includes an aggregate conveying pipe 7, a gel conveying pipe 8, a mixer 6, a surface filling system, and a grouting main pipe 9. The surface filling system consists of an aggregate mixing section and a gel mixing section. The aggregate mixing section consists of an aggregate mixing tank and an aggregate pump, with the aggregate pump connected to the aggregate conveying pipe 7. The gel mixing section consists of a gel mixing tank and a gel pump, with the gel pump connected to the gel conveying pipe 8. Both the aggregate mixing section and the gel mixing section are located on the surface. The underground filling system consists of several underground filling devices. Each underground filling device is connected to the grouting main pipe 9 via a grouting branch pipe 91. In this embodiment, the downhole filling equipment is divided into longitudinal filling equipment and transverse filling equipment. The longitudinal filling equipment is used to fill the longitudinal filling body 4, and the transverse filling equipment is used to fill the transverse filling body 5. The longitudinal filling equipment and the transverse filling equipment are set at intervals. Since the width of the transverse filling body is greater than the width of the longitudinal filling body, in practical applications, several longitudinal filling equipment can be combined into a longitudinal filling equipment group and set at intervals with the transverse filling equipment. This is conducive to the standardized production of the longitudinal filling equipment, and at the same time, it is also convenient to adjust the width of the transverse filling body as needed.

[0018] The transverse filling equipment includes a hydraulic support 1, a transverse filling section installed behind the hydraulic support 1, and grouting components. The hydraulic support 1 includes a support bottom beam 11 and a support top plate 12. A hydraulic cylinder is installed on the support bottom beam 11, driving the support top plate 12 to move up and down. A sliding shoe (not shown in the figure) is provided at the bottom of the hydraulic support 1 to facilitate its movement along the filling direction. The transverse filling section is fixedly installed at the rear end of the hydraulic support 1; by pouring filling grout between the front and rear templates of the transverse filling section, a transverse filling body is formed.

[0019] The longitudinal filling equipment includes a hydraulic support 1 and a longitudinal filling section installed behind the hydraulic support 1. The hydraulic support 1 includes a support bottom beam 11 and a support top plate 12. A hydraulic cylinder is installed on the support bottom beam 11 to drive the support top plate 12 to move up and down. The longitudinal filling section consists of a longitudinal filling template 3, a longitudinal filling grouting pipeline, and a control unit. The horizontal cross-section of the longitudinal filling template 3 is U-shaped, and the opening of the groove faces rearward. Grouting holes are provided on the longitudinal filling template 3, which are connected to the longitudinal filling grouting pipeline. The filling grout is introduced from the grouting branch pipe 91 and injected into the longitudinal filling template 3 to form longitudinal filling.

[0020] The overall height of the longitudinal filling template 3 needs to be slightly lower than the height of the filling space, and a flexible sealing plate can be installed on top to prevent the filling grout from leaking out from the gaps at the top. For example... Figure 5 As shown, the longitudinal filling template 3 can also be configured as a height-adjustable structure, consisting of an upper longitudinal filling template 31 and a lower longitudinal filling template 32. Both the upper and lower longitudinal filling templates 31 and 32 are U-shaped grooves with rearward openings, and the internal space of the grooves is rectangular. The depth (horizontal direction) of the grooves should be greater than the moving step distance of the hydraulic support 1 to match the longitudinal filling speed with the coal seam excavation speed. The upper and lower longitudinal filling templates 31 and 32 are slidably connected. The upper longitudinal filling template 31 can be set inside or outside the lower longitudinal filling template 32. When the upper longitudinal filling template 31 is set inside the lower longitudinal filling template 32, the upper and lower cross sections of the longitudinal filling body are consistent, saving the amount of filling slurry. The front of the lower longitudinal filling template 32 is fixedly connected to the hydraulic support 1 and can move back and forth with the hydraulic support 1. The grouting branch pipe 91 and valves are fixedly installed on the hydraulic support 1. The grouting hole is connected to the grouting branch pipe 91 through a hose.

[0021] The longitudinal filling upper template 31 is set inside the longitudinal filling lower template 32; the height of the longitudinal filling lower template 32 is greater than that of the longitudinal filling upper template 31; so that when the bottom end of the longitudinal filling lower template 32 comes into contact with the ground of the goaf, the position of the grouting hole set at the top end is higher than the top surface of the longitudinal filling lower template 32.

[0022] A drive mechanism is provided between the longitudinal filling upper template 31 and the longitudinal filling lower template 32; the drive mechanism can be hydraulically driven or electrically driven, such as an electric push rod. When using an electric push rod, the electric push rod seat is installed on the longitudinal filling lower template 32, and the movable end of the electric push rod is fixed on the longitudinal filling upper template 31, which helps to reduce the weight of the moving parts. The drive mechanism has a receiving groove and a working groove on the outer side of the longitudinal filling upper template 31 (the side closer to the longitudinal filling lower template 32) or on the inner side of the longitudinal filling lower template 32; preferably, the receiving groove and the working groove are provided on the longitudinal filling lower template 32, which helps to reduce the weight of the moving parts.

[0023] like Figures 2 to 4As shown, the transverse filling device includes a hydraulic support 1 and a transverse filling section 2 installed behind the hydraulic support 1. The hydraulic support 1 includes a support bottom beam 11 and a support top plate 12. A hydraulic cylinder 13 is installed on the support bottom beam 11 and drives the support top plate 12 to move up and down. The transverse filling section 2 includes a transverse filling base plate 21, a front template 22, and a rear template 23. In use, the front template 22 and the rear template 23, which flips downward from the transverse filling base plate 21, form a filling template for the transverse filling body between two adjacent longitudinal filling bodies. The transverse filling section 2 also includes a first tie rod 14 and a second tie rod 15. The two first tie rods 14 are arranged horizontally in parallel, with their bottom ends hinged to the support bottom beam 11 and their top ends hinged to the transverse filling base plate 21. The bottom end of the second tie rod 15 is hinged to the support bottom beam 11, and its top end is hinged to the front template 22. The transverse filling base plate 21, the support bottom beam 11, the first tie rod 14, and the second tie rod 15 form a four-bar flexible connection and fixing structure, which keeps the front template 22, which is hinged to the transverse filling base plate 21, in the vertical direction. The four-bar flexible connection and fixing structure fixes the transverse filling base plate 21 but has a small amount of elasticity. When passing through a space where the height of the goaf is slightly less than the height of the transverse filling base plate 21, the front template 22, the first tie rod 14, and the second tie rod 15 can be slightly deformed under pressure so that the transverse filling base plate 21 can be lowered and will not be stuck.

[0024] The length of the rear end face of the front template and the tail end of the transverse filling base plate 21 is an integer multiple of the moving step distance of the hydraulic support 1, so that the automatic filling of the top gap of the transverse filling body does not affect the coal seam excavation progress.

[0025] like Figure 7 As shown, a gear 233 is provided on the hinge shaft between the rear template 23 and the transverse filling substrate 21; the hinge shaft is fixedly connected to the rear template 23; an installation groove is provided on the bottom surface of the transverse filling substrate 21, and a rack 212 and an explosion-proof linear motor are provided in the groove as the rear template drive motor 211; the explosion-proof motor drives the rack to slide in the front-back direction; in cooperation with the gear on the hinge shaft, the rear template 23 is driven to flip to the vertical direction by sliding the rack a set distance; or it is retracted into the installation groove of the transverse filling substrate 21.

[0026] The front template 22 consists of a front template fixed plate 221 and a front template movable plate 22. The rear template 23 consists of a rear template fixed plate 231 and a rear template movable plate 232. Both the front and rear templates are equipped with a width unfolding mechanism; the rear template width unfolding mechanism is driven by an explosion-proof linear motor 2311, which is fixed to the fixed plate and drives the movable plates on the left and right sides to unfold to the left and right respectively. The width unfolding mechanisms are all located on the side away from the transverse filling body to avoid contact with the filling slurry. The width unfolding mechanism of the front template is the same as that of the rear template.

[0027] The upper end of the front template is provided with a grouting hole, which is connected to the filling branch pipe 91 through the main grouting valve.

[0028] A filling channel is provided inside the transverse filling substrate 21; the output holes of the filling channel are opened at both ends of the rear end face of the transverse filling substrate 21; used to fill the gaps left when the transverse filling substrate 21 is withdrawn. A distribution pipe 24 can also be provided, with both ends of the distribution pipe 24 connected to the output holes of the filling channel; a plurality of distribution holes are evenly distributed along the central axis on the surface of the distribution pipe 24; the filling slurry flows out from the distribution holes; making the filling slurry more evenly distributed in the gaps, which can significantly improve the filling efficiency. The distribution holes are preferably located near the rear side of the top surface of the distribution pipe 24, which is beneficial for a more even distribution of the filling slurry along the direction of the distribution pipe 24.

[0029] The bottom of the front template is equipped with sliding shoe bottom beams on both sides, and the tail of the bottom beam is designed to be bent upwards; this reduces friction between the mechanism and the floor and facilitates the installation of the support frame.

[0030] The push-pull movable template can adapt to filling spaces that are narrow at the front and wide at the back or wide at the front and narrow at the back, and can perform lateral filling of different widths. A horizontally extending guide rail can be set on the fixed template, and a sliding groove can be set on the movable template. The movable template and the fixed template can be slidably connected through the cooperation of the guide rail and the sliding groove. Alternatively, a horizontally extending guide groove can be set on the fixed template, and a rail can be set on the movable template. The movable template and the fixed template can be slidably connected through the cooperation of the rail and the guide groove.

[0031] The aggregate conveying pipe 7 is used to convey fluid aggregates, which can be fluid gravel, fluid fly ash, or a mixture of fluid gravel and fluid fly ash. After being filled into the closed filling area and formed, the fluid aggregates mainly play the role of supporting the roof of the coal seam, similar to the skeleton or bones in the human body. Therefore, they are called aggregates. The aggregates used here are coal gangue particles.

[0032] The gelling agent delivery pipe 8 is used to deliver the gelling agent, which is used to bind and shape the fluid aggregate after mixing, thus facilitating the formation of a strong and durable filler. The gelling agent referred to here is a mining gelling agent, which can be made from gelling powder into a fluid gelling agent and then delivered to the mixer through the gelling agent delivery pipe 8.

[0033] During installation, connect the aggregate delivery pipe and the gelling agent delivery pipe to the mixer's inlet, with the aggregate delivery pipe connected horizontally to the mixer and the gelling agent delivery pipe connected tangentially to the mixer. Connect the grouting pipe between the mixer's outlet and the grouting hole.

[0034] The agitator mixes the incoming fluid aggregate and gelling agent, which is beneficial for the subsequent solidification and molding of the filling material. The agitator is a static mixer based on the ground plunger pump that provides the conveying power. It does not require a separate power unit. One end is connected to the grouting pipe and the other end is connected to the aggregate conveying pipe. It is also equipped with a tangential feed port as the feed port for the gelling agent.

[0035] The main grouting pipe is used to inject the mixed fluid aggregate and gelling agent into the filling mold. The grouting branch pipe is located behind the mold and can be connected to the grouting hole. By adjusting the dosage of the gelling agent, the initial setting time of the grout is significantly shortened, which can be controlled to 30 minutes to 1 hour; the filling cycle of the transverse and longitudinal filling bodies is much shorter than the stepping cycle of the mining equipment, so as not to affect the coal seam mining operation.

[0036] When the template to be filled is in the preset state, the grouting main pipe starts grouting and filling. The valves of the grouting branch pipes are opened as needed. After the main body is filled, the valves are closed.

[0037] After the slurry in the filling template has initially set, the drive mechanism pulls the movable template back to achieve demolding. Then, the rear template drive mechanism lifts the rear template so that it is re-embedded in the transverse filling base plate 21. At the same time, a double-port connector is installed, a hose is connected, and inserted into the pre-reserved grouting holes on both sides of the cantilever. Alternatively, a control valve can be used to switch the filling pipeline. When the hydraulic support pulls the filling template forward, the valve is opened to inject grout to the top, ensuring that the top gap is completely filled, guaranteeing good sealing of the filling body, and preventing backflow.

[0038] Based on the actual situation, such as the width B of the filling body 5, a corresponding transverse filling mechanism is manufactured; for example, the interval L between adjacent transverse filling bodies 5 is selected to install the above transverse filling mechanism at the rear end of different hydraulic supports 1. When filling is required, the rear template is first driven by the rear template drive mechanism to rotate to a vertical position, forming a filling space with the front template; the rear template can be set to be slightly longer than the front template, and when it flips downward to near the vertical direction, the bottom abuts against the ground of the goaf, and continues to flip, forming an upward thrust, so that the top of the transverse filling base plate 21 is tightly attached to the coal seam roof, and then the drive mechanism is deployed to push the movable template to both sides to press against the longitudinal filling bodies 4 that have been finally solidified on both sides, so that the transverse filling mechanism forms a closed filling space. Then, the fluid aggregate and gelling agent are transported into the mixer through the aggregate conveying pipe 7 and the gelling agent conveying pipe 8, and the mixer 6 mixes the fluid aggregate and gelling agent. The uniformly mixed paste is transported to the rear of the filling template through the grouting main pipe 9, and injected into the corresponding transverse filling mechanism through the grouting branch pipe 91; When the sensor detects that the transverse filling mechanism is almost full, the grouting branch valve is closed after a preset time t (which can be adjusted according to on-site debugging). The solidification time of the filling paste should be less than the stepping time of the hydraulic support 1; ensuring that the filling paste has solidified before the hydraulic support 1 moves. After the paste has initially solidified or completely solidified in the transverse filling mechanism, the push-pull movable template is retracted to the center by the unfolding drive mechanism. After the movable template of the initially formed or fully formed transverse filling body 5 is successfully retracted, the rear template is pulled back into the transverse filling base plate by the rear template drive mechanism. Then, the hydraulic support 1 pulls the transverse filling part 2 forward. At this point, the transverse filling body 5 is successfully separated from the movable template, the fixed template and the transverse filling base plate 21, completing the demolding. The transverse filling section 2 moves forward a short preset distance along with the hydraulic support 1. When the tail end of the transverse filling base plate is above the initially set filling body, the valve connecting the grouting branch pipe 91 and the uniform distribution pipe 24 is opened. The paste is then passed through the grouting holes reserved on both sides of the cantilever via the hose and filled through the uniform distribution pipe 24. After the filling is completed here, the filling equipment moves forward a short preset distance and repeats the above filling work until the top gap is completely filled, so as to achieve the top connection and ensure the good sealing of the filling body and prevent backflow; thus completing the filling of this section of transverse filling body 5.

[0039] Subsequently, as the coal mining face or fully mechanized mining face advances, the hydraulic support is pulled forward, thereby moving the transverse filling mechanism to the designated position. Then, the next stage of filling is carried out until the designated area of ​​the goaf and / or the designated area of ​​the roadway is filled, so that the longitudinal filling body 4 and the transverse filling body 5 are strip-shaped in the goaf. The amount of goaf filling is reduced by 40-50% compared with traditional filling mining, saving costs. The transversely constructed filling body can prevent back air and avoid spontaneous combustion in the goaf, greatly improving the safety of filling. It can also realize automated filling, reduce the labor intensity of filling mining, and improve the filling mining efficiency of fully mechanized mining face.

[0040] Specifically, a stress sensor is installed on the upper part of the front template to monitor the degree of grout filling. When the stress sensor detects that the stress transmitted from the filling paste it bears exceeds a preset value, that is, when it detects that the filling mold is about to be filled, it sends a signal, and after a preset time t, the valve on the corresponding grouting branch pipe 91 is closed. Alternatively, a distance sensor can be used instead of a stress sensor. The distance sensor can be a Hall sensor or a photoelectric sensor to detect the distance between the grout and the probe.

[0041] Alternatively, when the distance sensor detects that the distance between itself and the surface of the grout is less than a preset value, that is, when it detects that the main body is about to be filled, the valve on the corresponding grouting branch pipe 91 is closed after a preset time t.

[0042] This invention provides a downhole filling method using downhole filling equipment, comprising the following steps: S1: Prepare the lateral filling mechanism; S2: Before the longwall mining face is mined, hydraulic supports are arranged in advance along the width of the longwall mining face in a "filling every other one" manner. S3: Select the hydraulic support where the transverse filling mechanism needs to be installed, and install the transverse filling mechanism at the rear of the selected hydraulic support, so that the distance between two adjacent transverse filling mechanisms meets the preset conditions. S4: Arrange grouting devices on the longwall mining face, and ensure that the grouting pipes in the grouting devices are connected to the grouting holes on all the transverse filling mechanisms; S5: The rear template is moved to a position perpendicular to the mining direction by the rear template drive mechanism; S6: The movable template moves left and right by unfolding the drive mechanism and presses against the solidified longitudinal filling material on both sides; S7: The filling material is poured into the filling mold through the grouting device; S8: Settling time is preset. After the filling material has initially set, the filling material poured into the filling mold solidifies to form a transverse filling material. S9: The driving mechanism drives the movable template to retract above the fixed template, so that the filling material separates from the filling mold and is demolded; S10: The fixed template is retracted into the cantilever by the drive mechanism; S11: Remove the hose used for main filling, replace the single-hole connector with a double-hole connector, and connect the hose used for top filling. S12: After the transverse backfill solidifies, drag the backfilling device toward the mining face. At the same time, insert the hose used for top backfilling into the grouting holes on both sides of the cantilever and spray quick-setting backfilling agent / expansion material into the top gap of the solidified transverse backfill until the backfilling device is completely separated from the backfill. S13: As the longwall mining face is being mined, the hydraulic support is pulled forward a preset distance; S14: Repeat steps S5-S13 to perform filling, demolding and cage pulling until the filling of the designated area is completed.

[0043] Furthermore, step S12 also includes: When dragging the hydraulic support to the longwall face, the top filling should be carried out before the filling equipment is completely separated from the main filling body, and while the cantilever part is still above the initially set filling body. Furthermore, step S7 also includes: Coal gangue slurry is fed into the mixer through the aggregate conveying pipe, while fluid gelling agent is fed into the mixer through the gelling agent conveying pipe. When the stress sensor and / or distance sensor in the active template detects that it is about to be filled, close the gel delivery pipe, continue to deliver the filling slurry for a preset time t, and then close the corresponding branch pipe control valve.

[0044] Execute steps S4-S13 synchronously.

[0045] Furthermore, step S1 also includes: The width B of the filling body used to fill the goaf is calculated in advance, and the transverse filling mechanism installed on the hydraulic support is designed based on the width B of the filling body. The spacing L between adjacent filling bodies is calculated in advance:

[0046] In the formula: L is the interval between adjacent transverse backfill bodies, in meters; V is the mining speed, in meters per day; T is the spontaneous combustion period of the coal seam, in days; t is the backfilling operation time, in days; and S is the safety factor, dimensionless.

[0047] The calculated interval between adjacent transverse filling bodies should be divided by a safety factor, which is determined based on factors such as the geological conditions and ventilation of the coal mine. The safety factor is taken as 1.1-1.5.

[0048] Step S3 also includes: Adjust the spacing of the hydraulic supports so that there is a strip of filler material running along the direction between two adjacent transverse filling mechanisms in the width direction.

[0049] Furthermore, the width B of the filling material is calculated according to the following formula: Wherein, B is the thickness of the transverse filling body; L is the interval between adjacent transverse filling bodies; ρ is the overall density of the rock strata above the filling body; g is the gravitational acceleration; H is the mining depth; σ c The safety factor is dimensionless.

[0050] As needed, the above technical solutions can be combined to achieve the best technical effect.

[0051] The above examples are only for illustrating the present invention. In addition, there are many other different implementations, which can be conceived by those skilled in the art after understanding the concept of the present invention. Therefore, they will not be listed one by one here.

Claims

1. A method for filling a goaf in an underground filling device, the underground filling device comprising a hydraulic support; a transverse filling section is provided at the rear of the hydraulic support; the transverse filling section includes a front vertical baffle and a flip-up rear baffle; the front baffle and the rear baffle cooperate to form a transverse casting template; the top platform of the hydraulic support is provided with a pipe for injecting filling slurry into the transverse casting template; characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) Several longitudinal filling bodies are poured in the goaf using a template. The height of the longitudinal filling bodies is the same as the height of the goaf. The lateral distance between adjacent longitudinal filling bodies is greater than the width of the downhole filling equipment. 2) Transport the downhole filling equipment into the channel formed by two adjacent longitudinal filling bodies; 3) Raise the height of the hydraulic support; tighten the hydraulic support against the top wall of the goaf; and extend the vertical front baffle to abut against the longitudinal filling bodies on the left and right; 4) Flip the rear baffle to the vertical direction; and extend the rear baffle to abut against the longitudinal filling bodies on the left and right; 5) Inject filling grout into the transverse casting template through the pouring port; stop filling when the template is close to the bottom surface of the template drive platform; 6) Once the filling material is basically formed, rotate the template to a horizontal position; Pull out the post-template driver platform; 7) Fill the gap between the horizontal backfill and the top wall of the goaf layer by layer until it is sealed; 8) Repeat steps 1) to 7) to fill the goaf with a honeycomb-like filling structure.

2. A method for filling goaf areas in an underground filling device, the underground filling device comprising a hydraulic support; a transverse filling section is provided at the rear of the hydraulic support; the transverse filling section includes a front vertical baffle and a flip-up rear baffle; the front baffle and the rear baffle cooperate to form a transverse casting template; the top platform of the hydraulic support is provided with a pipe for injecting filling slurry into the transverse casting template; a longitudinal filling section is also provided; the rear end of the longitudinal filling section is a U-shaped longitudinal filling template; in cooperation with the hydraulic support, a longitudinal filling body is formed by segmental filling; characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) The longitudinal filling section of the downhole filling equipment is used to form a longitudinal filling body segment by segment; 2) Raise the height of the hydraulic support; tighten the hydraulic support against the top wall of the goaf; and extend the vertical front baffle to abut against the longitudinal filling bodies on the left and right; 3) Flip the rear baffle to the vertical direction; and extend the rear baffle to abut against the longitudinal filling bodies on the left and right; 4) Inject filling grout into the transverse casting template through the pouring port; stop filling when the template is close to the bottom surface of the template drive platform; 5) Once the filling material is basically formed, rotate the template to a horizontal position; Pull out the post-template driver platform; 6) Fill the gap between the horizontal backfill and the top wall of the goaf layer by layer until it is sealed; 7) Repeat steps 1) to 6) to fill the goaf with a honeycomb-like filling structure.

3. The method for filling the goaf of the downhole filling equipment as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Both the front and rear baffles are equipped with width expansion mechanisms.

4. The method for filling the goaf of the downhole filling equipment as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, A transverse filling base plate is provided at the top of the transverse filling section; the rear part of the transverse filling base plate is a rear template driving platform; the top of the rear baffle is hinged to the front end of the rear template driving platform; a gear is sleeved on the hinge shaft, and the gear is fixedly connected to the rear baffle; a linear motor is provided on the rear template driving platform; the drive rod of the linear motor is fixedly connected to a rack that drives the gear. The rear baffle is flipped by a rack and pinion drive.

5. The method for filling the goaf of the downhole filling equipment as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The width expansion mechanism is driven by a linear motor; position sensors are provided on both the left and right sides of the front and rear baffles; the position sensors transmit the signal of the baffle abutting against the longitudinal filling body to the control system, which then controls the linear motor to stop moving forward.

6. The method for filling the goaf of the downhole filling equipment as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The hydraulic support is either the hydraulic support of the excavation equipment or a separate hydraulic support that is rigidly connected to the hydraulic support of the excavation equipment.

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